Symbiotic Relationships Chart

Home , Camouflage, Commensalism, Mutualism (biology), Parasitism, Symbiosis

Biology HS/Science Unit: 02 Lesson: 01 Symbiotic Relationships Chart

There are four types of symbiosis you will explore today.

Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism neither benefits nor is harmed. Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit. Symbiosis is an ecological interaction between two organisms. Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed. Predation is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism preys on (and eats) another organism.

Objective: Given a description of the relationship between two organisms, determine if their relationship is commensalism, predation, mutualism or parasitism.

Procedure: 1. Draw two cards from each beaker labeled #1 #4. 2. Read the relationship described on each card. Determine what type of relationship this is and record the name of the organisms in the correct place on the chart. Add a few brief notes to help you remember your reasoning for your decisions. 3. When your chart is complete, use tape to post your cards onto the correct pieces of butcher paper posted around the classroom.

COMMENSALISM MUTUALISM PARASITISM PREDATION

Lion and Zebra Wolf and Rabbit The lion hunts and kills the zebra for its food. The wolf hunts and kills the rabbit for its food.

Bear and Salmon Snake and Mouse The snake lies in wait and captures a mouse running by for its The bear catches salmon in the river and eats it for food. food.

Frog and Insect Bear and Berries The frog uses its long, sticky tongue to catch insects for food. The bear forages through the forest and finds berries for food.

Rabbit and Lettuce Grasshopper and Leaf A rabbit happens upon a garden and eats the lettuce growing in it. A grasshopper lands on a plant and eats its leaves for food.

Polar Bear and Seal Hawk and Vole A polar bear hunts and captures the seal for its food. A hawk swoops down and catches a vole for its food.

Lion and Water Buffalo Mantis and Bee The lion stalks the water buffalo, attacks, and eats it for food. The mantis captures a bee and eats it for nourishment.

Alligator and Deer Goat and Grass A lucky alligator spots a deer drinking water, attacks the deer, kills A goat munches on the grass in a field for its food. it, and eats it for food.

Shark and Fish Cougar and Deer A shark captures fish for its food. The cougar hunts deer and kills it for its food.

Wolf and Caribou Cow and Grass The wolf hunts and kills the caribou for its food. A cow munches on the grass in a field for its food.

Lizard and Insect Whale and Plankton A whale uses its teeth to filter plankton from the water and eats the A lizard captures insects for its food. plankton for food.

Parasitism Cards:

Cuckoo and Warbler Deer and Tick A cuckoo may lay its eggs in a warbler’s nest. The cuckoo’s young Ticks feed on dee r blood, causing irritation to the deer and will displace the warbler’s young, and the warbler will raise the potentially giving it various diseases such as Lyme disease. cuckoo’s young.

Lice and Humans Mistletoe and Oak Tree Lice attach to human hair and enjoy the warmth given off by the Mistletoe extracts water and nutrients from the oak tree, causing human. They eat tiny amounts of human blood, causing the harm to the oak tree. human to have little r ed bumps that are quite itchy. They may also transmit disease to the human.

Fleas and Cat Bird Mites and Humans Bird mites might happen upon a human when trying to find a new Fleas live on the cat’s body and eat its blood. They cause irritation bird to feast on. Instead, it eats the blood of the human, causing to the cat and may transmit disease to the cat. the human to develop irritating, itchy bumps.

Tapeworm and Dog Bed Bugs and Human The tapeworm enters the dog when the dog eats feces containing tapeworm larvae. The tapeworm attaches to the dog’s stomach Bed bugs will bite and feed off a human up to 500 times in one and fee ds off of the dog’s nutrients. This often causes harm to the night. This causes small red bumps and itchiness to the human. dog.

Black Wasp and Aphids Braconid Wasp and Tomato Hornworm Larva The braconid wasp deposits its eggs inside the tomato hornworm Bla ck wasps plant eggs in aphids. The larvae eat the aphids from larva. When the eggs hatch, the wasps eat their way out which the inside. kills the hornworm.

Mosquitoes and Human Downy Mildew on Vegetable Plants Mosquitoes find a hum an and feast upon their blood. This causes The downy mildew fungus invades a host plant and feeds off it. a small reaction on the human’s skin, r esulting in a red, itchy This often causes discoloration or stunted growth in the plant. bump. In addition, mosquitoes can pass along disease to their human host.

Maribou Stork and Bees Hermit Crabs and Snails The stork uses its saw -like bill to cut up the dead animals it eats. Hermit crabs live in shells made and then abandoned by snails. As a result, the dead animal carcass is accessible to bees for food and egg-laying.

Bison and Cowbird Remora Fish and Shark Remoras attac h themselves to a shark’s body. They then travel When bison walk through fields it causes insects to become more with the shark and f eed on the leftover food scraps from the active. The cowbrds are able to see the insects and eat them. shark’s meals.

Human Gut Bacteria and Humans Whales and Barnacles Certain bacteria live within the digestive system of humans and Barnacles create home sites by attaching themselves to whales. feed on various things within the human. This is not detrimental to the human.

Clownfish and Sea Anemone Cattle Egret and Cattle or Horses The clownfish lives within the tentacles of the sea anemone. This The cattle egret follows cattle or horses and preys on the insects provides protection to the clownfish , and the clownfish also feeds the animals stir up as they graze. on the food scraps of the sea anemone.

Golden Jackals and Tigers Birds and Army Ants If a golden jackal is expelled from its pack, it may attach itself to a Army ants raid forest floors and when they do it causes various particular tiger, trailing it at a safe distance and then feeding on the flying insects to stir. Some birds will follow the army ants and then tiger’s kills. eat the instects that they stir up.

Orchids and Trees Mosses and Trees Mosses are a plant that is able to grow on the trunks or branches Orchids are a flower that grow along the trunks o r branches of of trees. This allows the mosses to receive light as well as trees. This allows the orchid to receive light as well as nut rients nutrient s that run down the trees. The trees are unharmed by the that run down the trees. The trees are not harmed by the orchids. mosses.

Man-of-War Fish and Portuguese Man of War Goby Fish and Sea Urchins Jellyfish The goby fish live amongst the sea urchins and are provided protection from their predators. The man-of-war fish lives amongst the Portuguese man-of-war jellyfish and are provided protection from their predators.

Pearl Fish and Sea Cucumber Imperial Shrimp and Sea Cucumbers The pearl fish spends its day in the intestines of the sea cucumber The shrimp hitch a ride on the sea cucumbers , which takes them and emerges at night to feed on small c rustaceans. This does not through a large feeding area without expelling their own energy. appear to harm the sea cucumber.

Mutualism Cards

Ostrich and Gazelle Yucca Plant and Yucca Moth Ostriches and gazelles gather food in areas close to each other. Yucca flowers are pollinated by yucca moths. The moths lay their They have different visual abilities so th ey are able to help warn eggs in the flowers where the larvae hatch and eat some of the each other when predators are nearby. They help each other developing seeds. avoid danger.

Wrasse Fish and Black Sea Bass Oxpecker and Rhinoceros Oxpeckers feed on th e ticks found on a rhinoceros. In addition, if Wrasse fish feed on the parasites found on the black sea bass’s they sense danger, the oxpecker will fly up and scre am out as a body. warning to the rhinoceros.

Honey Guide Bird and Badger Boxer Crab and Anemone The boxer cra b carries a pair of small anemones in its claws. Honey guide birds alert and direct badgers to beehives. The When a predator approaches, it waves the anemones around badgers then expose the hive s and feed on the honey first. Then, which presents its stinging tent acles and deters the predator. The the honey guide birds eat. anemones get small particles of food from the crab when it eats.

©2012, TESCCC 04/10/13 page 7 of 8 Biology HS/Science Unit: 02 Lesson: 01 Alpheid Shrimp and Goby Fish Anemone Hermit Crab and Anemones The alpheid shrimp dig a deep burrow and keep safe underground. The alpheid shrimp has bad vision, so it is The crab attaches several anemones to its shell using them as vulnerable to predators when above ground. The goby fish “stands camouflage and as a deterrent to potential predators. The guard” at the entrance of the burrow and will flick its tail to signal anemones have a “mobile home” and get more exposure to food the shrim p that it is safe to come out. The goby fish gets a burrow than if they remained stationary. to live in while the shrimp is warned of predators.

Bees and Flowers Spider Crab and Algae Bee s fly around to various flowers and gather necta r, which they Spider crabs live in shallow areas of the ocean floor. Greenish- use to make food. When a bee lands on a flower, it gets some brown algae lives on the crab’s back, helping the crab s blend in pollen on its hairy body. Then, when the bee lands on the next with their environment, which makes them less noticeable to flower, some of the pollen from the first flower rubs off, pollinating predators. The algae are provided with a good place to live while the plant. the crab receives camouflage.

Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plants Honeypot Ants and Aphids The mycorrhizal fungus invades the roots of some plants and gets nutrients from the plant. The fungus helps the plant absorb The honeypot ants get food by stroking the aphid for th eir sweet inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus from the soil. Some fungi also honeydew secretions. The ants provide protection for the aphid by secrete antibiotics, which can help protect the plant from parasitic aggressively fighting off predators such as ladybugs. fungi and bacteria.

Algae and Fungi (Lichen) Otters and Kelp Algae and fungi can live together, forming lichen. The algae Otters float and sleep on forests of kelp in the water. The kelp produce carbohydrates through photosynthesis, providing provides them a place to anchor in the moving water. The otters nutrients to both the algae and the fungi. The fungi provide eat sea urchins, which normally feed on the kelp. moisture for the algae.

Information Sources: Does bleach kill mold? . (2011). Retrieved from http://doesbleachkillmold.org/ Medlibrary.org . (n.d.). Retrieved from http://medlibrary.org/ ©2012, TESCCC Project WILD., & Council for Environmental Education. (2004). Project WILD: 04/10/13 page 8 of 8 K-12 curriculum & activity guide . Houston, Tx: Council for Environmental Education.

Biology HS/Science Unit: 02 Lesson: 01 Ecosystems Outline

I. Levels of organization in Ecology:

a. What is the difference between a biological population and a biological community?

II. What is competition:

a. examples:

b. What happens to competition between individuals as population size increases?

III. What are limiting factors?

a. examples:

IV. What are density-dependent factors?

a. examples:

b. What happens to competition between individuals as the population size increases?

V. What are density-independent factors?

a. examples:

VI. What is carrying capacity?

a. graph:

b. importance to ecologists: