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LITERATURE OF

VOLUME I TO MY WIFE KONINKLIJK INSTITUUT VOOR TAAL., LAND· EN VOLKENKUNDE LEIDEN

LITERATURE OF JAVA

I CATALOGUE RAISONNE OF MANUSCRIPTS IN THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LEIDEN AND OTHER PUBLIC COLLECTIONS IN THE NETHERLANDS

BY

THEODORE G. TH. PIGEAUD, PH.D. LEIDEN

VOLUME I SYNOPSIS OF 900-1900 A.D.

SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V ISBN 978-94-015-0238-2 ISBN 978-94-015-0752-3 (eBook)

DOI 10.1007/978-94-015-0752-3

Softcover reprinl of Ihe hardcover 1si edilion 1967 The work is complete in three volumes:

VOLUME I

Synopsis of Javanese Literature, 900-1900 A.D.

VOLUME II

Descriptive Lists of Javanese Manuscripts in the Library of the University of Leiden and Other Public Collections in The N etherIands.

VOLUME III

Illustrations and Facsimiles of Manuscripts, Maps, Addenda and a General Index of Names and Subjects. PREFACE

The present "Literature Qf Java, Catalogue Raisonne Qf Javanese Manuscripts" is a publicatiQn of the Library Qf the University Qf Leiden. It is no.. IX Qf the series "CQdices Manuscripti" published by this Library, and it is made available tOo the public by the RQyal Institute Qf Linguistics and AnthropQoIDgy. Originally the wQrk was Qnly meant to be a sequel tOo Dr H. H. Juynboll's "Supplement Dp "den CatalQgus van de J avaansche en Madoereesche Handschriften der Leidsche "Universiteits-BibliQtheek" in two volumes. The second volume appeared in 1911. It soon became clear, hQwever, that this was the Dpportunity tOo publish an English Catalogue which could be used as an introductiDn to the study Qf Javanese literature mOore easily than the previQus Dutch catalQgues eQuId. It is a matter Qf fact that Dr Juynboll and his predecessors wrQte their catalogues with the intentiDn of prQviding infDrmatiDn on Javanese literature in general, and fDr several decades their books did render excellent services tOo students Qf Javanese civilizatiQn. The differences in structure between the older catalogues and the present bDOk will be explained in the introduction to the second vQlume. In two vDlumes the contents of the previDus catalQgues, increased by an equal quantity Qof new material, has been rearranged according tOo a new system. The third volume, cDntaining illustrations, facsimiles Df manuscripts, maps and a general index Df names and subjects, is entirely new. The author gratefully acknDwledges the facilities put at his disposal by the Curators of the State University Df Leiden, the Librarian of the University Library, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (Z.W.O.) Df The Hague and the Royal Institute of Linguistics and AnthrDpology (KDninklijk Instituut VDor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde) of Leiden. He wishes to thank the librarians Df collections Qutside Leiden who cDnsented tOo have their Javanese manuscripts described in the present book. He expresses his great appreciation for suggestiQns and advice given by cDlleagues wDrking in the field of IndDnesian philDIDgy and fDr useful information found in their books. Especially he wishes tOo state his indebtedness to the late prDfessor Raden Mas Ngabehi Dr , Df Djakarta, Java, whose text-editions and books on literature are indispensable fOor students Df Javanese civilization. The wOork of Mr J. Soegiarto, for more than thirty years assistant tOo the professors Df Javanese in the University of Leiden, has been Df great use to. the VIII PREFACE author of the present book. The numerous romanized copies and summaries of literary works made by Mr Soegiarto and duly registered in the Descriptive List of Manuscripts are valued aids for the students of Javanese literature. The author wants to make clear that the completion of "Literature of Java" has been made possible by the never flagging industry of Mrs E. Andriessen-Liick, whose clerical assistance has been invaluable through many years. Dr R. Roolvink and Mr P. J. Worsley have kindly taken the trouble to correct the English of the descriptive passages of the present book. They can rest assured that their helpfulness is greatly appreciated. Grateful for the help, both spiritual and material, received from many sides, the author expresses the hope that "Literature of Java", the result of the col• laboration of many workers, both Javanese and Dutch, may be instrumental in stimulating others to make more detailed investigations of the development of culture in the Indian Archipelago.

NOTE:

The system of transliteration of Javanese, , Malay, and Arabic words which is applied in the present book is explained in 00100 (). The Leiden University Library never lends out original manuscripts or copies of manu• scripts which are registered as codexes in the Catalogue. The codexes may be inspected by qualified students in the Reading Room, called Legatum Warnerianum, of the Library. Copies on microfiches or microfilms, only positives, are made available at a reasonable rate to scholars outside Leiden. Priority will be given to requests s.ent in by university libraries. When a Leiden codex or a reproduction of a Leiden codex is used for a publication in any form (book, article etc.), a free copy or off-print of such a publication should be presented to the University Library. The Leiden University Library is, of course, not in the position to provide microcopies of manuscripts belonging to other libraries. Applications for copies should be sent to the librarians concerned. The lists of important collections of manuscripts in Java and are included in the present book only for information. TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preliminary Historical Remarks on the Literature of Java paragraph page 00001 The Importance of Javanese Literature 1 00010 Javanese Literature and Javanese Civilization . 2 00020 Outline of the Development of Javanese Literature, Four Eras 4 00030 The , historically . 9 00035 Javanese Manners of Speech. 14 00040 Forms of Literature, Prose and Rhythmic Prose 14 00050 Poetry ruled by Indian Prosody . 16 00060 Poetic forms of indigenous origin, Popular Verse . 18 00070 Macapat Prosody . 20 00080 Javanese-Indian Script 24 00090 . 25 00100 Latin Script, transcription systems 27 00110 Orthography . 29 00120 Chronology 31 00130 Writing Material and Books . 33 00140 Books and Treatises on Javanese Literature, Bibliography. 37 00145 List of Abbreviations . 42

Synopsis of Javanese Literature, 900-1900 A.D. 00150 Introduction . 45

Part One: Religion and Ethics 10.000 Old Javanese Religious Literature. 47 10.010 ff. siwaitic speculative treatises with Sanskrit slokas . 51 10.200 f. Buddhist speculative treatises with Sanskrit slokas . 52 10.400 ff. Tuturs, Old Javanese siwaism . 52 x TABLE OF CONTENTS paragraph page 10.600ff. Tuturs, Old Javanese . 53 10.800ff. Non-Islamic religious texts from Java written in buda script; Tet}ger manuscripts . 53 11.000 Javanese-Balinese Religious Literature (group A) . 55 11.010 ff. Speculative tuturs and books of notes of Javanese origin (group A) 56 11.200 ff. Speculative tuturs and books of notes of Balinese origin (group A) 56 11.400 Treatises on Ritual and Offerings (group B) . 59 11.41Off. siwaitic Ritual (group B) . 61 11.700 ff. Buddhist Ritual (group B) 63

11.800 Divine Worship; Mantras, slokas and Hymns, etc. (group C) . 63 11.810 ff. Sanskrit slokas (group C) 64 12.000 ff. Incantations and Prayers (group C) 65 12.200 ff. Yoga and .m.adhi (group C) 66 12.400 ff. Exorcism (group C) . 67 12.600 ff. Devotional Practice, tapa brata (group C) . 68 12.800 ff. Religious Poetry, Songs (group C) . 69

13.000 Old Javanese and Javanese-Balinese Moralistic Literature (group D) 69 13.010 f. Buddhist Moralistic texts (group D) . 71 13.100 ff. Moralistic Maxims (group D) . 71 13.200 ff. Didactic treatises on Statecraft, Niti (group D) 71 13.400 ff. Moralistic Lessons (group D) 73 13.700 ff. Didactic and Moralistic Poetry (group D) . 74 14.000 The Beginning of the Islamic Period in Java; Javanese-Islamic Mysticism (group A) . 76 14.010 ff. Sixteenth and seventeenth century treatises on Mysticism and Theology (group A) . 81 14.200 ff. Old Islamic religious texts in buda script (group A) . 81 14.400 ff. Arabic texts and Theology and Mysticism with Javanese para- phrases (group A) 81 14.600 ff. Opinions of Javanese Mystics (group A) . 83 14.800 ff. Mystic Compendiums, Mustaka Rafi<:a1t3 (group A) 84 14.900 ff. Mystic Songs. Suluks and popular Devotional Poetry (group A) 85 15.200 ff. Discussions on Mysticism in verse (group A) . 87 15.300 ff. Miscellaneous notes on Mysticism (group A) . 89 TABLE OF CONTENTS XI

paragraph page 15.500 Islamic Religious Practice; Prayers and Incantations (group B) 91 15.510 f. Arabic Prayers with Javanese notes (group B) 92 15.600 ff. Javanese Incantations (group B) . 92

15.700 Orthodox Islamic Religious Instruction, Ritual and Theology (group C) 94 15.710 I):ur'an with Javanese glosses (group C) . 94 15.800 ff. Textbooks, Arabic and Javanese (group C) 94 16.000 ff. Didactic poems and treatises on theology and law (group C) 95

16.200 Edifying and Didactic-moralistic Literature (group D) 97 16.210 ff. Eschatology and Messianic Expectations (group D) 97 16.400 ff. Edifying texts (group D) . 98 16.500 ff. Didactic-moralistic texts, Pasisir (group D) 99 16.600 ff. Allegoric Poems, Pasisir (group D) 101

16.800 in Bali and Lombok (group E) . 102 16.810 ff. Islamic religious texts from Bali (group E) 102 16.900 ff. Islamic religious texts from Lombok (group E) 103

17.000 Didactic and Moralistic Literature slightly influenced by Islam (group F) 104 17.010 ff. Paniti Sastra, moralistic maxims (group F) . 105 17.100 ff. Didactic Poetry, seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (group F) 105 17.300 f. Didactic compendium on statecraft (group F) . 106 17.400 ff. Moralistic Lessons, Songs, moralistic Suluks (group F) 107 17.600 ff. Moralistic Poetry of the Pujat}gas (group F) . 107 17.800 ff. Moralistic Poetry of origin (group F) . 109 18.200 ff. RCIJt3ga Warsita's school, prose (group F) . 109 18.400 ff. Didactic Poems by MCIJt3ku Nagara IV (group F) . 110 18.500 ff. Late nineteenth century didactic-moralistic texts (group F) . 111

19.000 Javanese Christion Literature. 111 19.010 ff. Bible, Javanese translations 112 19.100 ff. Christian texts, translated from Dutch originals 112 19.200 ff. Christian tracts, Kristen Jawa 113

Part Two: History and Mythology 20.000 Old Javanese Charters 114 20.010 ff. Original copperplates . 115 XII TABLE OF CONTENTS paragraph page 20.100 Old Javanese prose versions of Indian Epics and Pura,!as . 116 20.110 ff. Parwas of Mahabharata and .1]:<;las of Rarnayat?-a 118 20.200 ff. Puranic Texts 118 20.300 ff. Compendiums of Epic Tales . 118

20.400 Old Javanese Historical Texts in prose 119 20.410 ff. Pararaton, Tantu PCli13gelaran . 122

20.500 Javanese-Balinese Historical Texts 123 20.510 ff. Mythology and Ancient History of Bali and Java. 124 20.700 ff. History, Ballads . 125 20.900 ff. Local History and Legends of Bali 125 21.200 ff. Genealogies of Balinese Families and Social Groups 127

21.700 Early Javanese Versions of the Sacred History of Islam 129 21.710 ff. Ancient History, the Prophets 131 21.900 f. History of Moses in Egypt . 131 22.000ff. Life of Muhammad . 132

22.200 Historical Literature of the Eastern North Coast Districts, Madura and Lombok. 134 22.210 ff. East Pasisir Histories and Genealogies 135 22.300 ff. Madura Hilstories . 135 22.500 ff. BIamhCli13an and Pasuruhan Histories . 136 22.700 ff. Lombok Histories and Genealogies 137

22.900 Historical Literature of the Central North Coast Districts. 138 22.910 ff. Universal Histories, Pasisir Culture of 142 23.100 ff. Compendiums of Mythology, Pasisir Culture. 142 23.300 ff. Local Histories, Central North Coast Districts 143

23.500 Historical Literature of and some oversea districts. 143 23.51Off. Histories and Genealogies of West Java, North Coast Districts 145 23.700 ff. Histories and Genealogies of Sundanese Districts. 145 23.900 ff. Histories of Bafiumas districts 146 24.100 ff. Histories of Banten . 147 24.200 ff. Palt~mbCli13, Bafijar Masin, Makasar and Bugis . 148

24.500 Sacred Legends and Genealogies of Muslim Saints and Armourers 150 24.510 ff. Legends of Muslim Saints 152 24.700 ff. Legends and Genealogies of Empus, Armourers, Pasisir Culture 152 TABLE OF CONTENTS XIII

paragraph page 24.800 Local Histories of Inland Districts 152 24.810 ff. Central and East Javanese Inland Districts, historical traditions 153 25.000 Javanese Rice Myths. 153 25.010 ff. Manik Maya, Watu GunU113 154 25.200 Prophecies and Messianic Expectations 155 25.210 ff. Jaya Baya, JalJka PralambatJ Nagari . 156 25.400 Historical Chronograms . 156 25.410 ff. SalJkala Lists . 158 25.600 Historical Literature of the Inland Kingdoms of Central Java: the Dynasty of Mataram . 158 25.610 ff. Pre-Mataram Kingdoms: Demak, PajalJ 159 25.800 ff. Mataram Histories 160 26.000 ff. Inside Stories, Nitik . 160 26.200 f. Pseudo History, Baron Sakel).<;ier . 162 26.400 ff. Post-Mataram Histories . 163 26.600 ff. Kartasura Histories . 163 26.800 ff. Post-Kartasura Histories. 164 27.000ff. General Histories of the Dynasty of Mataram . 165 27.200 ff. Histories of the Y ogyakarta Kingdom . 167 27.400 ff. The Dipa N agara troubles 167 27.600 f. Palm Buwana VI of Surakarta . 168 27.800 f. The Suryel3alaga incident . 168 28.000 ff. Histories of the Pakualaman Princedom 169 28.200 ff. Histories of the MalJkunagaran Princedom 169 28.400 ff. Mythological and Historical Encyclopedia by RalJga Warsita 170 28.600ff. Genealogies of Central Javanese Kings and courtiers . 171 28.800 ff. Biographies 171 29.000 Commentaries, Interpretations and Notes on History; Miscellanea 172 29.010 ff. Commentaries on historical tales. 173 29.200ff. Various Notes on Javanese History 173 29.400ff. Histories of Foreign Countries 173

Part Three: Belles-Lettres 30.000 Old Javanese Epic Literature of Indian Inspiration 175 30.001 ff. Ramiiyal).a kakawin 177 30.010 ff. Bharata Yuddha kakawin . 178 XIV TABLE OF CONTENTS paragraph page 30.020 Major Old Javanese Kakawins (group A) . 180 30.021 ff. Arjuna Wiwaha . 181 30.030 f. Kr~t:taya.t].3. 182 30.040 ff. Suma.nasantaka 182 30.050 ff. Smara Dahana 183 30.060 ff. Bhoma Kiiwya 183 30.065 f. Arjuna Sahasra Bahu . 184 30.070 ff. Hari W3II}sa . 184 30.080 f. Ghatotkacasraya. 184 30.110 ff. Bra.luna.1;lc; Purfu].a and Kuiijara Kart.m kakawin . 186 30.120 f. Nagara Kertaga., Desa .rI).ana 187 30.125 ff. Arjuna Wijaya . 188 30.130 f. Suta Soma, Pur~ santa 188 30.132 f. Wrtta Saficaya 189 30.133 Pati Brata, Uddalaka . 189 30.134 Lubdhaka. 189 30.135 Minor Old Javanese Kakawins (group B) . 190 30.136 ff. Partha Yajfia, Kalayawanantaka, Hari sraya and Hari Wijaya, Kr~~aka, Ratna Wijaya, Wighnotsawa and Brata sraya, Sh} L3II}gala, Subhadra Wiwaha and Abhimanyu Wiwaha 190 30.170 Old Javanese and Javanese-Balinese Lyric Poetry. 192 30.171 ff. Lyric Kakawins and LambaaJs 193

30.190 Javanese-Balinese Kakawins and epic prose tales. 194 30.191 ff. Javanese-Balinese Kakawins . 195 30.215 ff. Javanese-Balinese epic prose tales. 197

30.225 Original Old Javanese and Javanese-Balinese exorcist tales and related literature in a belletristic form. 198 30.226 ff. Calon Ar3ll} 199 30.235 f. Suda Mala 199 30.240 ff. Sri TafijtlJ3 199 30.245 ff. Warga Sari 200 30.250 ff. Nawa Ruci 200 30.255 f. Subrata . 200 30.260 f. Sal}satyawan 201

30.275 Javanese-Balinese Religious and Edifying Poetry and Fables in a belletristic form . 201 TABLE OF CONTENTS xv

paragraph page 30.276ff. Narrative poems connected with religion 201 30.285 ff. Belletristic Edifying Poetry 201 30.295 ff. Fables in verse, Tantri 202 30.300 ff. Cantri, Bayan Budiman . 203 30.310 ff. Romantic Allegoric Poetry 203 30.320 Romances connected with Epics, Waya13 Theatre and Exorcism, Gaguritans 204 30.321 ff. Versions of Old Javanese Texts . 204 30.330 ff. WayC1J13 Purwa Romances in teIJaban verse 204 30.340 ff. WayC1J13 Purwa Romances in macapat verse, Exorcism. 205 30.360 Javanese-Balinese Paiiji Romances 206 30.361 ff. Pafiji Romances in tetJahan verse, major texts, Malat KUlJ . 207 30.370 ff. Paiiji Romances in tetJahan verse, minor texts. 208 30.390 ff. Pafiji Romances in macapat verse. 209 30.400 Javanese-Balinese Romances, Various Contents 209 30.401 ff. Classical Romances, Aji Darma etc. 210 30.410 ff. Later Romances; Folk-tales . 210 30.430 Romances from Lombok . 211 30.431 ff. Javanese-Balinese Rornantical Tales 211 30.440 ff. Islamic Romances 211

30.460 Javanese Pasisir Literature. The Islamic Epic Cycle of Menak Amir Hamza. 212 30.461 ff. Old Pasisir Versions. 215 30.480 ff. Affiliated Menak Romances, RetJganis 215 30.500 ff. Prabu Lara . 216 30.510 ff. Offshoot Menak Romances 216

30.520 The Yusup Romance. 217 30.521 ff. Old East Pasisir Version. 218 30.540 ff. Later Versions 219

30.560 Islamic Romances from the North Coast Districts of and from Madura. 219 30.561 f. Jobar Manikam . 221 30.570 ff. Jobar Sah, Jowarsa 221 30.580 f. Mursada. 221 30.590 f. Jaka Nastapa . 221 XVI TABLE OF CONTENTS paragraph ,.., 30.600 I. Jaka Prataka, Prantaka 221 30.610 ff. Jati Kuswna _ 222 30.620 f. Sukmadi . 222 30.630 I. Dewa Mb.tQo . 222 30.64() If. Raden Ardi Kusuma . 222 30.650 I. Raden Saputra 222 3O.660ff. Santri Gu<,ligan . 223 30.670 Islamic Romances fro,,, the North Coast Districts of Central Java 223 30.671 f. Asmara Supi . 223 30.680 f. lman Sujana . 223 30.690 f. Baget:lQa Seh Mardan . 223 30.700 ff. &j1U) Danna . 224 30.720 ff. Sultan Ibrahim . 224 30730 Islamic Romances from West Java. 225 30.731 ff. Ahmad Muhammad . 225 30.740 f. Ahmad Hanapi _ 226 30.745 f. Sahad, Prinre 01 Budalsah 226 30.750 f. Sela Rasa 226 30.760 f. Abdurahman Abdurahim _ 226 30.765 f. Abu Nawas _ 226 30.770 f. Joka Salewah 226 30.780 Romances of Vagrant Students containing Encyclopedical Passages 227 30.781 ff. Jatiswam. 228 30.790 I. Cabol"). 228 30.800 ff. Ci:I:t!ini 228 30.810 f. Madu Jaya 229

30.820 Romances based on Legendary History 230 30.821 f. Jaya l..a}kara wul31} . 230 30.830 ff. Jaran Sari Jaran Pumama 230 30.840 f. Sili Wat}i . 231 30.850 ff. Damar Wulan 231 30.870 ff. Paiiji Romances from East Java 233 30.880 ff. Later Pafiji Romances 234

30.900 The Renaissance of Cla.sskal Literature at Ihe Courts of Central Java in the eighteenth and nineteenth Centuries 235 30.901 fi. Kawi Miril) Versions of Classical Poems. 238 TABLE OF CONTENTS XVII

paragraph page 30.920 f. WaY3a3 Suluks and Kawins . 238

30.940 Belletristic Poems of the Yasadipura Period 239 30.941 ff. Brata Yuda 240 30.950 ff. Rama 240 31.000ff. Minta Raga 241 31.020ff. Arjuna Sasra Bahu 241 31.04Off. Bima Suci, Dewa Ruci, N awa Ruci 241 31.060 ff. Menak Amir Hamza . 242 31.065 f. Iskandar. 243

31.067 Popular Rama Tales. 243 31.068 ff. Rama Klia3 244 31.075 ff. Rama Offshoot Romances. 244

31.080 Theatrical Literature . 245 31.081 ff. WaY3a3 Purwa Plays, Surakarta Tradition 249 31.1 00 ff. WaY3113 Purwa Plays, Y ogyakarta Tradition 249 31.120 f. WayatJ Madya Plays, Surakarta . 250 31.130 ff. WaY3a3 Ge9.og Plays. 251 31.140 ff. WaY3aJ Beber Plays. 251 31.150 f. WaYarJ Menak Plays. 251 31.160 f. Pasll?-9.en Be9.aya . 252 31.170 ff. Lyric Songs. 253 31.190 ff. WaYarJ Exorcism . 253 31.210 ff. WaY3113 Romances, Purwa Tales Versified, East Java 254 31.230 ff. WaY3aJ Purwa Plays Versified, Central Java 255 31.260 ff. WaY3113 Purwa Plays, Texts in prose . 256

31.280 European Influence on Javanese Literature in the Nineteenth Century . 257 31.281 ff. Translations of European Belletristic Literature 257

31.300 Historical Novels. 258 31.301 ff. Javanese History . 258 31.320 ff. Javanese-Chinese Romances 258

31.340 Late Nineteenth Century Belletristic Literature 259 31.341 ff. .t} Warsita's Imitators 259 31.360 f. M3IIJku Nagara IV, Poetry 259 31.380 ff. Literary Charades and Popular Lyrics 260 XVIII TABLE OF CONTENTS

paragraph page 31.400 Fables and FQ/k·/es. 261 31.401 if. Kancil Stories 261 31.420 if. Folk-tales, DOIJetJs 261

31.440 N ovellistic Literat11re . 262 31.441 if. Novels by Surya Wijaya . 263 31.460ff. Modern Novels and Short Stories. 263

Part Four: Science, Arts, Humanities, Law; Folklore, Customs and Miscellanea

40.000 Medical Literature 265 4O.0IOff. Javanese·Balinese and Islamic Javanese Notes on Medicines 266 40.250 Magic, Physiogncnuy and Related Subjects 268 40.260 ff. Magic, Javanese-Balinese and Islamic Javanese texts. 271 40.500 if. Physiognomy, Wirasat 273 40.750 ff. Eroticism 273 41.000 ff. Hippology 275 41.100ff. Cocks, Fighting Animals. 276 41.250ff. Doves 276 41.500ff. Cats and Dogs 277 41.600 ff. Crisses and Lances 278 41.700 f. Jewels 279 41.750 Divination, Dream-reading, A11gury 279 41. 760 ff. Omina et Portenta etc., Javanese-Balinese and Islamic Javanese texts, Pawukon . 281 42.000 Chronology and Astronomy 283 42.010 ff. Calendar, Javanese-Balinese and Islamic Javanese te.xts 284 42.100 Art, Music, Theatre, Dancing and Sports. 284 42.110 ff. Art, Illustrations and Pictures 286 42.500 ff. Music, Javanese-.linese and Islamic Javanese texts 286 43.000 ff. Theatre, WaY

paragraph page 44.500 ff. Architecture, House-building . 291 44.750ff. Agriculture 292 44.900ff. Food and Drink . 292 45.000 Humanities,· Philology and Encyclopedias . 293 45.010 ff. Writing, Script . 294 45.250 ff. Dictionaries and Linguistic Treatises by Javanese Scholars. 294 45.450 ff. Dictionaries written by Dutch Scholars 296 45.650 ff. Dialect Studies 298 46.000ff. Grammar. 298 46.250 ff. Prosody . 299 46.350 ff. Chronograms . 300 46.450 ff. Study of Literature 301 46.500ff. Encyclopedias 301 46.600ff. Study of Old Javanese Charters 302 46.750 Readers and Textbooks . 303 46.760 ff. Elementary Textbooks, Dutch Influence 303 46.850 ff. Conversations, Dialogues for Study . 304

47.000 Juridical Literature . 304 47.010 ff. Old Javanese and Javanese-Balinese Lawbooks 307 47.400 ff. Lawbooks of Pre-Islamic Origin, re-edited in the Pasisir Era in East and Central Java. 308 47.600 ff. Lawbooks of Pre-Islamic Origin, re-edited in the Pasisir Era in West Java. 310 47.700 Regulations issued by Balinese rulers and village authorities 311 47.850 ff. Regulations, Laws and Treaties of Central Javanese Kings, A'T3ger-aJI3gers . 311 48.000 ff. Islamic Law, Fiqh 312 48.200 ff. Court Regulations, Pranatans, and Charters issued by Javanese Kings 313 48.400 ff. Modern Law, Dutch Influence 314 48.500 Local Legends, Folklore and Popular Customs 314 48.5IOff. Local Legends of East and Central Java . 315 48.600 ff. Sacred Graves and Mosques . 315 48.700 ff. Topography of Royal Residences, Kratons 317 48.800 ff. Travels and Geography . 317 49.000 ff. Customs and Ceremonies . 318 49.200 ff. Folklore and Superstitions 319 TABLE OF CONTENTS xx paragraph page Miscellanea 49.300 Letters and Letter-writing 321 49.310 ff. Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Letters 321 49.400 ff. Nineteenth Century Letters, Originals. 321 49.500 ff. Nineteenth Century Letters, Copies . 322 49.600 Archives, Records, Registers and Newspapers. 322 49.610 ff. Archives and Records from Banten and Gresik 323 49.700 Scholarly Notes concerning the Study of Javanese Literature 323 49.710 ff. Notes on Manuscripts 324 49.800 ff. Catalogues of Collections of Manuscripts . 324 49.900 ff. Miscellaneous Notes on Things Javanese. 325