of a book. Let it be said, then, that Herbert Spencer, John Fiske, Joseph quence of taxonomy and morphology Wilson and Bossert's work can be LeConte, Nathaniel Shaler, and E. D. that makes it easy to comprehend. The recommended without reservation for Cope. It was the conclusion, arrived many pictures of fossils and the draw- those who have the modest preparation at in various ways, of these scholars ings are helpful. This book would be it requires. Those who would founder that the Negroes, as well as the an asset to any biology, anthropology, on Li, Lewontin, Whittaker, or Pielou American Indians and the Chinese, or history teacher. I recommend it will find here much of what popula- were inferior to the white race. highly. tion biologists are concerned with, done Haller's contention that the scien- William R. Thaggard with some degree of rigor yet not with- tists and social scientists of that time R. W. Groves High School out caveat on the distinction between were laying the groundwork for sub- Garden City, Ga. paper and the stuff of life. sequent racism in the United States This, then, is not a book for ninth- seems valid. I would disagree, though, or tenth-grade biology students. But it with Haller's argument that the in- Genetics may very well be one for their teach- justices were the result of attempts by ers-who in this, as in other fields, these scholars to further the concept of ECOLOGICAL GENETICS, by E. B. Ford. 3rd know they must maintain a degree of evolution. Rather, it would seem that ed., 1971. Chapman & Hall, Ltd., Lon- sophistication but are aware that they they were using the concept of evolu- don. 430 p. $16.00. achieve real depth in more than tion to promote their ideas of a racial cannot The first edition of this book was of their hydra-headed hierarchy-from which attitudes of ra- a small part in 1964 and the second, with The book is well adapted cial inferiority naturally developed. published discipline. minor changes, a year later; so this is to self-instruction; with some diligence The reader does tire somewhat as

revision. The chapter Downloaded from http://online.ucpress.edu/abt/article-pdf/34/5/293/40631/4443950.pdf by guest on 01 October 2021 help from a fellow- he proceeds through the book, because the first major and perhaps a little remain unchanged, but the department, the same story is being told over and headings teacher in the mathematics text has been revised to include re- training has over again in different settings and the biology teacher whose the earlier edition phy- with different characters. search done since stressed physiology, embryology, was written. Almost every section con- may gain from This is a very scholarly piece of logeny, or whatever tains new material, and the bibliog- acquaintance work: well done, and extensively and this book a respectable raphy is greatly extended. Two new aspects of many impressively documented. The bibli- with the quantitative plates have been added and the quality students encounter ographic essay at the conclusion of the matters that his of the printing has been improved. qualitatively in field or laboratory. book should be of great value to other Haven Kolb researchers in this field. Ecological genetics is a term sug- ago for the Hereford High School James M. Ford gested by Ford many years their Parkton, Md. Skagit Valley College study of wild populations in Mt. Vernon, Wash. natural environments through succeed- ing generations. Such research shows how evolutionary change occurs in Evolution nature. This book describes a large MAN'S ANCESTORS: AN INTRODUCTION TO number of investigations, many of OUTCASTS FROM EVOLUTION: SCIENTIFIC PRIMATE AND HUMAN EVOLUTION, by Ian which were made by Ford and his as- ATTITUDES OF RACIAL INFERIORITY 1859 Tattersall. 1970. John Murray, Ltd., sociates, of natural populations, along -1900, by John S. Haller, Jr. 1971. London; Transatlantic Arts, Inc., New with laboratory studies of the genetics University of Illinois Press, Urbana. York. 64 p. $4.75 (softback). involved. Much of the work was done 240 p. $7.50 (hardback). on populations of butterflies and moths, This book has 14 chapters, selected and there are several chapters that de- Why and how race prejudice exists references, an index, charts, and nu- scribe fluctuations in population size, in the 20th century is well explained in merous pictures. The book traces man's the effects of isolation, sympatric popu- this book. The author skillfully traces evolutionary pathway from the early lations, and polymorphism in these the roots of the idea of racial inferiority primates and includes the most recent organisms. There is a chapter on to the first half of the 19th century discoveries and findings. polymorphism in snails, one on the in the United States, especially as it Tattersall starts off with an explana- heterostyle-somostyle system in plants, was contributed to by physicians, scien- tion of the theories of evolution and a discussion of polymorphism in man, tists, and social scientists. the classification system. He then shows and a chapter on chromosome polymor- Haller begins with a discussion of the geologic time-scale and discusses phism in Drosophila (Dobzhansky's how anthropometry (anatomic mea- the dating of the rocks. He gives a work). There are excellent chapters on surement of man) was used to compare classification of the living primates, mimicry and industrial melanism. When the races of man and he reveals the mentions many species in the various describing research with which he has importance of the Civil War in the families, and discusses human special- been closely associated Ford uses the collection of anthropometric data. Most izations. first person and a narrative style, ex- of the comparative data on race came He begins the evolutionary account plaining the reasoning behind each step. from the physicians, who, during the with the Paleocene and Eocene primates He gives in some detail the points of last half of the 19th century, con- but includes what he says is the earliest his disagreement with Sewell Wright tributed greatly to concepts of racial possible primate, Purgatorius ceratops, about random drift and with H. J. inferiority. Even the controversy over from the upper Cretaceous of North Muller about polymorphism. the "origin of man" led to race classi- America. He thinks Ramapithecus, of Ford's studies have led him to con- fication and hierarchic placement, the upper Miocene or lower Pliocene, clude that selection pressures in natural whether one was a monogenist (believ- probably was ancestral to later homi- populations are much more powerful er in a single origin of man) or a poly- nids. He discusses the lower Pleistocene than the selective advantages of up to genist (believer in multiple origins). Australopithecus at length, and he about 1% that have been suggested by From biologic considerations of race it points out the similarities between other writers. He believes that "values is possible to move to the psychologic Homo erectus and Homo sapiens. Lastly, of 20 to 30 percent and more are com- and sociologic aspects of the race issue; he discusses the Paleolithic and Neo- mon and indeed usual." This view and the author does this as he delves in- lithic ages, possible racial evolution, the leads him to two conclusions: (i) that to the views of such scholars as Josiah foundations of language, and the evolu- random genetic drift and the founder Nott, Louis Agassiz, John Wesley Pow- tion of the brain. effect are of minor importance in evo- ell, W. J. McGee, Daniel G. Brinton, This well-written book follows a se- lution, and (ii) that evolution is due

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