CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-SEN.A~Re: JULY 4

6632 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-SEN.A~rE: JULY 4,

trade between ptJrts of the United States and the Dominion of Canada, New­ foundland, the West Indies, and Mexico. SEN.ATE. The amendment was agreed to. ¥0NDAY, July 4, 1898. The reading of the bill was resumed. The next amendment of The Senate met at 11 o'clock a. m. the Commiteee on Commerce was, on page 27, after the amend­ Prayer by Rev. J. F. HEISSE, of the city of Washington. ment just adopted, to insert: On motion of Mr. DAVIS, and by unanimous consent, the read· (c) That it shall be lawful for any seaman enga~ed in a vessel bound from ing of the Journal of the proceedings of Saturday last was dis­ a port on the Atlantic to a port on the Pacific or v1ce versa, or in a vessel en­ pensed with. gaged in foreign trade, except trade between the United States and the Do­ minion of Canada or Newfoundland or the West Indies or the Republic of ENLISTMENT OF COLORED TROOPS. . Mexico. to stipulate in his shipping agreement for an allotment of an amount, to be fixed by regulation of the Commissioner of Navigation, with the ap­ The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communica­ proval of the Becretaryof the Treasury, not exceeding one month's wages, to tion from the Secretary of vVar, transmitting a draft of a bill for an original creditor in liquidation of any just debt for board or clothing which he may ha.ve contracted prior to engagement. raising 25,000 colored troops from the nation at large;. which, with the accompanying paper, was referred to the Committee on Mili·· The amendment was agreed to. tary Affairs, and ordered to be printed. The next amendment was, on page 27, line 18, to change the " e" in parentheses to "d." juDGE-A.DVOCA.TE-GENERA.L'S DEPA.RTMENT. The amendment was agreed to. The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communica­ The 'next amendment was, on page 28, line 3, to change the " d ~' tion from the Secretary of War, transmitting a letter from the in parentheses to '' e;" and in line 6, after the word" section," to Judge-Advocate-General of the Army, together with draft of a bill insert" or shall make a false statement of the nature or amount of to increase his department by adding to it one colonelcy and one any debt claimed to be due from any seaman under this section;" so lieutenant-colonelcy; which, with the accompanying papers, was as to make the clause read: ref6rred to the Committee on Military Affairs, and ordered to be (e) That no allotment except as provided for in this sedion shall be law· printed. ful. Any person who shall falsely claim to be such relation as above de­ PETITIO~S AND MIDIORI.ALS, scribed of a sea.man under this section or shall make a. false statement of the nature or amount of any debt claimed to be due from any seaman under this Mr. PROCTOR presented the petition of J. H. Jones, of Brad-. section shall for every such offense be punishable by a fine not exceeding ford, Vt., and 12 other members of the Homeopathic School of $500 or imprisonment not exceeding six months, at the discretion of the court. Medicine in the State of Vermont, and the petition of Daniel C. The amendment was agreed to. Noble, of Middleburg, Vt., and 9 other members of the Homeo­ The next amendment was, on page 28, line 11, to change the pathic School of Medicine in the State of Vermont, praying for "e" in parentheses to "f." the passage of Senate joint resolution No. 164, preventing dis­ The amendment was agreed to. crimination against graduates of legally chartered medical col­ The next amendment was, on page 28, line 19, to change the leges in appointments to the medical corps of the Army, Navy, "! " in parentheses to "g." and Marine-Hospital Service of the United States; which were or­ The amendment was agreed to. dered to lie on the table. The next amendment was, in section 25, on page 29, line 1, after Mr. CAFFERY presented a memorial of the legislature of Lou­ the word "sections,'' to strike out "4392; '' and in line 6, after the isiana, relative to the construction of a system of locks and dams words" Revised Statutes,'' to insert" and so much of chapter 97 in the Ouachita River, in that State; which was referred to the of the laws of 1895 as relates to allotment, and also subdivisions 7 Committee on Commerce. and 8 of section 4511 of the Revised Statutes, in so far as the same REPORTS OF COMMITTEES. relate to the dome~ tic trade as defined in section 19 of this act;" so as to make the section read: Mr. PROCTOR, from the Committee on Military Affairs, to whom was referred the bill (H. R. 3056) to correct the military SEc. 25. Thatsection3 of chapter421 ofthelawsof1886, approvedJune19, 1886; record of Joseph Graham, reported it without amendment, and sections 4531, 4~, 4533, 4534, 4.'>98, 4599, 4601, and 4609 of the Revised Statutes, and so much of chaptE.\r 97of the lMvs of 1895 as relates to allotment, and also submitted a report thereon. subdivisions 7 and 8 of section 4511 of the Revised Statutes, in so far as the Mr. ALLISON, from the Committee on Appropriations, to whom same relate to the domestic trade as defined in section 19 of this act, and that section 3 of an act entitled "An act to amend the laws relating to navigation, was referred the bill (S. 4.592) to pay certain judgments against and for other purposes," approved April4:, 1888, chapter 61, page 80, Statutes John C. Bates and Jonathan A. Yeckley, captain and first lieu­ Fiftieth Congress, first session, are hereby repealed. tenant in the United States Army, for acts done by them under orders of their superior officers, asked that the committee be dis­ The amendment was agreed to. charged from its further consideration, and that it be referred, 1\Ir. WHITE. An amendment to the amendment has been together with the accompanying papers, to the Committee on agreed upon by the committee, in line 8, on page 29, after the Claims; which was agreed to. word" and," to strike out" also subdivisions seven and" and in­ Mr. GALLINGER, from the Committee on Pensions, to whom sert the word "subdivision," so as to read "and subdivision was referred the bill (S. 4374) to place the name of NellieM. Guild eight of section 4511 of the Revised Statutes, etc;" and in line 10, upon the pension roll, reported it with amendments, and submit­ to change the word "relate" to "relates." ted a report thereon. The amendment to the amendment was agreed to. He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the The amendment as amended was agreed to. bill (H. R. 2545) granting an increase of pension to :Mary Eliza-­ The next amendment of the Committee on Commerce was, in beth Hieskell, reported it without amendment, and submitted a section 26, on page 29, after the words "approval, and," to insert report thereon. ' shall not apply to fishing or whaling vessels or yachts, but;" so NEWTO~ W. COOPER. as to read: Mr. GALLINGER. A few days ago upon my motion the bill SEC. 26. That this act shall take effect sixty days after its approval, and shall not apply to fishing or whaling vessels or yaehts, but shall apply to all (H. R. 4189) granting an increase of pension to Newton W. Cooper ves els not herein specifically exempted. was indefinitely postponed. I move a reconside.ration of the vote whereby the bill was postponed, and in courtesy to a member of Mr. WHITE. Section 26 as finally agreed upon by the com­ the other House I ask unanimous consent that the bill be now con· mittee should read as follows: sidered. SEC. 26. That this act shall take effect sixty days after its approval, and The motion to reconsider was agreed to. shall apply to all vessels not herein specifically exempted, but sections 1, 2, 3, Mr. GALLINGER. I ask unanimous consent to put the bill 4:, 5, 6. 7, 8, 9,10.11, 13, 14, 15, 23, and 2! shall not apply to fishing or whaling vessels or yachts. on its passage. There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the The VICE-PRESIDENT. In the absence of objection, the Whole, proceeded to consider the bill. It proposes to place on the amendment first reported by the committee will be considered as pension roll the name of Newton W. Cooper, late private, Com­ disagreed to, and the question is on the amendment as now pro­ pany H, Third Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery, and to pay him a posed by the Senator from California. pension at the rate of $50 per month in lieu of the pension he is The amendment was agreed to. now receiving. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered ments were concurred in. to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. FLAGS ON MERCHANT VESSELS. Mr. DAVIS. I move that the Senate adjourn. Mr. PASCO. From the Committee on Commerce I report favor- · The motion was agreed to; and (at 5 o'clock and 28 minutes ably without amendment the bill (S. 4827) relating to the flag of p. m.) the Senate adjourned until Monday, July 4, 1898, at 11 the United States on merchant vessels. It requires our merchant o'clock a. m. vessels to raise the flag in entering into or leaving any foreign or 1898. OONGRESSION.A.L RECORD-SENAT~ 6633

home port. It is recommended unanimously by the Committee on BILLS INTRODUCED. Commerce, and I was authorized by the committee to request the Mr. PROCTOR introduced a bill (S. 4841) granting a pension Senate to proceed to its consideration when reported. Ours is the to Henry Hill; which was read twice by its title, and, with the only civilized nation without such regulations, and I ask that the accompanying papers, referred to the Committee on Pensions. bill may be now considered. Mr. TURPIE introduced a bill (S. 4842) to correct the military M1. HALE. I object to the consideration of the bill for the rea­ record of Albert S. Jonas; which was read twice by its title, and, son I shall state. I do not believe in legislation which tends to with the accompanying papers, referred to the Committee on make trouble for our navigation interests by imposing penalties. Military Affairs. There has never any real harm come without a law so severe and Mr. LODGE introduced a bill (S. 4843) granting a pension to offensive. To provide that the master of every vessel going out Elizabeth L. Morse; which wa.s read twice by its title, and referred or coming into a port shall be subject to a new penalty because to the Committee on Pensions. he does not happen to raise his flag is, I think, an lmnecessary Mr. COCKRELL introduced a bill (S. 4844) granting an increase burden upon the interests of navigation. of pension to Michael Herbst; which was read twice by its title, It is a pretty good rule, Mr. President, to let well enough alone. and referred to the Committee on Pensions. I do not know that we have suffered or that anybody else has suffered, or that the world ha.s been any the worse because we PRINTING OF BA?-HffiUPTCY ACT. have not had such a severe law upon our statute books. I am Mr. HOAR. I ask unanimous consent that 10,000 extra copies against it. I believe there is no call for it. I have no idea that of the bankruptcy act be printed for the use of the Senate. I am the merchant marine has asked for it. It is one of those uneasy told that 25,000 copies would come within the $500 limit. things that somebody takes into his head ought to be done and The VICE-PRESIDENT. The question is on the motion of 'the for which we are asked to enact a new statute. I object to the Senator from Massachusetts. consideration of the bill. The motion was agreed to. The VICE-PRESIDENT. Objection is made to the present PATENTS AND DEVICES FOR EXPLOSIVES. consideration of the bill. Mr. TELLER submitted the following resolution; which was Mr. PASCO. Before the bill goes over, I should like to make a considered by unanimous consent, and agreed to: · few remarks. Resolved, That the Secretary of War is hereby directed to transmit to the Mr. HALE. Of course my objection will carry the bill over, Senate full reports of any experiments or tests made under the present.dd­ but I \vithhold the objection. ministration or under the Administration of President Cleveland for the Mr. PASCO. Mr. President, the information before the Com­ testingof any device for the use of gun cotton or other explosive substances in shells, whether such device or devices are patented, and who are the mittee on Commerce, which unanimously recommended the pas­ owners of the patents; whether in the conducting of such experiments any sage of the bill, was that this is the only commercial nation of guns belonging to the Government have been bursted or injured; the names the world that is without such regulations as are prescribed in the of any and all parties, whether owners or attorneys, who have or who are now seeking the use and adoption by the Secretary of War of such devices bill. The bill is drawn after the British act requiring such vessels and the purchase by the Government of the patents controlling such devices; to display the British flag under similar circumstances. The com­ the price and terms asked from the Government for the use and ownership mittee were unanimously of the opinion that the American flag of such patents and devices; whether in such sale to the Government of such patents and devices the Government is to be sole owner; whether the money should receive the same honor that other nations give to their appropriated by the Government has been expended under the direct con­ flag when coming into or leaving a foreign port or a port of the trol and supervision of the.Government, or whether bills have been made by Unitec,l States. The restrictions are not onerous. ·There is ample the owners of the patents for the purchase of shells or other material used time given to our vessels to provide themselves with flags, if they or expenses incurred in the conuucting of such experiments, and whether such bills have been paid by the Government, the expenses incurred in con­ have not already got them. · ducting such experiments, and the character of such negotiations between I must say that I am entirely surprised that this objection comes the owners or the parties representing the owners of such patents or devices from the source it does. The Senator's colleague, who is chair­ for the firing of gun cotton in shells from cannon; copies of all the corre­ spondence between the War Department and the owners of such patents or man of the committee, and who I regret is not now in his seat, devices or with their attorneys or anyone representing or promoting the introduced the bill; and it is a source of surprise to me that the interests of the ownership of such devices. Senator from Maine should object to its consideration and base his objections upon the grounds that he urges. THE NICARAGUA CANAL. It is certainly not an onerous restriction to require an American :M:r. MORGAN submitted the following resolution; which was vessel to display an American flag when it comes into an Ameri­ read: can port or when it cornea out of a foreign port. I am sorry to Resolved, That the Select Committee on the Construction of the Nicaragua hear the Senator from Maine state as an objection to the bill that Canal have leave to sit, in the recess of the Senate, to execute the orders of it is an onerous and objectionable requirement for our merchant the Senate made at the present session of Congress. vessels to exhibit the flag, particularly at a time like this, when Mr. MORGAN. I ask for the present consideration of the reso­ we are engaged in war with a foreign nation and when we should lution. delight to see it displayed in every port in the world where we Mr. HOAR. I suggest as a result of experience in such mat­ have vessels under circumstances such as are set forth in the bill. ters, of which I have had a good deal, that it will be convenient I hope the Senator will withdraw his objection and that the bill to ~he committ~e to put in the words" or any subcommij;tee of will be passed. their number," m order that the authority of the full committee Mr. HALE. I not only will not withdraw it, but I renew it may be delegated, if they wish to do so. with greater force than ever since what the Senator has said. I Mr. MORGAN. That was provided for in the previous resolu· do not object to its effect upon anybody except upon our own tion, which was adopted a few days ago. navigation interests. I supposed that before we got very far it Mr. HOAR. Very well. would be claimed, a.s the Senator from Florida does claim, that The resolution was considered by unanimous consent, and this is a war measure. agreed to. Mr. PASCO. The Senator misunderstood me if he thinks I said JUNIUS .ALEXANDER. any such thing. Mr: TURPIE. I ask the. courtesy of the Senate to call up, by Mr. HALE. What did the Senator refer to when he spoke· of unammous consent, the bill (H. R. 7362) to grant a pension to the circumstanceS' which surround us now? · Jun~us Alexander. I will state that .thi~ is a case of very great · Mr. PASCO. I said it was particularly appropriate now, when mer1t, and one, also, of absolute destitution. I am advised that we are engaged in war with a foreign nation; but I never referred the ex-soldier will go to the poorhouse next winter unless this to it as a war measure. relief is granted. He is one of_those men who heiped to the Mr. HALE. Precisely. It is one of the uneasy things urged utmost to perpetuate the great Declaration the anniversary of before us every day on account of the war that we must do some which we t?-day cele~rat~. I hope the bill may be taken up. new thing, some special thing, that will make trouble for some body. There bemg no obJection, the Senate, as in Committee of the If an American master can not be trusted in time of war or peace Whole, ~roceeded to consider the bill. It proposes to place upon to have a flag on board of his own volition to dip and to raise as the pensiOn I'Oll the name of Jqnius Alexander, late a private in he sees fit, then I am not in favor of compelling him by penalties Company F, First Regiment United States Colored Troops, and and punishments to do it. . to pay him a pension at the rate of $12 per month. Mr. CULLOM. I inquire if there is any law on the subject The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered now. to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. Mr. HALE. I take it there is no law on the subject now, be­ JOHN C. COLEMAN. cause it is not needed. Whether other nations legislate differ­ Mr. CLAY. I ask unanimous consent to call up the bill (H. R. ently from what we do and have statutes of this kind I do not 9874) for the relief of John a. Coleman, of Emanuel County, Ga. know. At any rate, I object to the bill and ask that it may go Mr. DAVIS. Mr. President- over. Mr. CLAY. It is a small matter. Itwillnotlead toanvdebate. The VICE-PRESIDENT. Objection is made, and the bill will Mr. DAVIS. I do not object to the consideration of ~this bill, be placed on the Calendar. but after it is disposed of I shall call for the regular order. 66.14 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JULY4,

The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the present con- Nor, Mr. President, must the Hawaiian Islands be permitted to sideration of the bill indicated by the Senator from Georgia? pass from their present government, or at least from a republican There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the form of government~ into the possession or under the dominion or Whole, proceeded to consider the bilL . influence of any foreign power. They, too, mnst, as was declared The preamble recites that John C. Coleman, one of the sureties fifty years ago or more, remain a friendly and cooperating power of Chesley Faircloth, on his ?ond as mail c~ntracto~, paid. to the with the United States. United States $343.58, on a JUdgment obtru.ned agamst ~a.Ircl~th .Mr. President, in the orderly discussion of the main question and his sureties, which judgment should have been cre~ted w1t4 now before the Senate, there arises this important subordinate the sum of $116.39, and which judgment was duly assigned by question: Have we the constitutional power to annex territory by the United States to John C. Coleman; that Faircloth is dead and a joint resolution? I will point out that this is a dangerons and his estate insolvent. The bill proposes to pay to John C. Coleman unprecedented exercise of power, not conferred by the Constitution 8116.39. and not intended by the framers of that instrument to be exercised The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered by the United States except through the treaty-making power. to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. There~ no instance in history where it has been done. The sin- The preamble was agreed to. , gle case of the annexation of Texas was accomplished only afier ANNEXATIO~ OF THE HAWAIIA.N ISLANDS. the people of that Republic had voted in fa\or of it, there being less than 100 votes against it; and then only after the duly consti­ Mr. DAVIS. I move that the Senate proceed to the considera- tuted authority of Texas had ratified the action of the people at tion of Ho.use joint resolution 2-59. the polls, and that had been adopted and ratified by the President There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the of the United States. · Whole resumed the consideration of the joint l'esolution (H. Res. Every other instance of the purchase or acquisition in any fo-rm 259) to' provide for annexing the Hawaiian Islands to the United of territory by the United States has been by treaty; and if prece­ States. dents are of any value and are to control the action of the Senate Mr. WHITE. I took the floor on Saturday. I yield to the theyareallonewayonthisquestion,demonstratingbeyondallques- Senator from Nebraska fMr. ALLE.t~] · tion and dispute that it was distinctly understood by the framer., Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President, the plain and comprehensive of the Constitution and those who have wisely administered its questionbeforetheSenate"isthis: ShalltheUnitedStatesabandon provisions to this time that the onlyway bywhich the United the well-defined and universally accepted Monroe doctrine and States can acquire territory or other property rights of a foreign her traditional domestic policy, and at this time enter on the power is by the exercise of the treaty-making power of the Con­ dangerous career of colonial expansion and European impe~alism, stitution. encountering as a consequenc~ all the dangers and assummg an And where does that power reside? Certainly it is not found in the burdens incident to such a change? the House of Representatives, for that body has no more right Imperialism is defined !o be a SJ:"Stem of i~ptl~al govm:nment, under the Constitution, to consider the question of annexation ambition to foTm an empire, a pol1cy of terrltonal extenSion, the than· have the judges of the courts or the humblest private citizen spirit of Napoleonic empire, or advocacy of it or of its revival. of the land. . It would serve no useful purpose to now recall at length the In speakh1g of the powers of the President, the CoDBtitution history and tradition of the United States respecting this question, says: but the discussion would be incomplete if I did not direct atten- He shall have power, bv and with the consent of the Senate, to make tion to the fact that, from the organization of the Governme-nt of treaties, proYided two·thiras of the Senators present concur. the United State to the present time! oms has been exclusively This is the sole and exclusi\e authority to enter into treaty a domestic policy intended to advance the best interest and elevate stipulations on behalf of the United Stat.es; and treaties, it will our own people. To now change that policy and enter upon the be observed, must be initiated or be begun by the President. The uncertain and perilous career of imperialism would be an experi- Senate can not do so. It can only "advise and consent; " and ment that I am not prepared to make. I am not willing to ineor- when the President has initiated a treaty witl;l a foreign gpvern­ porate in our population, as citizens of the United States, 15t000,- ment and submitted it to the Senate, the Constitution requires 000 people belonging to alien races, the most of them ignorant, two-thirds of the Senators present to concur in order to give it brutal, hostile, and savage, and reduce the standard of our home life and vitality, while the House has no jurisdiction over the civilization to that of a low and brutal Asiatic population. And subject-matter whatever. that such would be the case if imperialism should prevail in our By the resolution we are now considering, this power is to be country no one who has given the question any serious thought ruthle slystrickendown and the constitutional safeguard ignored, can successfully deny. if not absolutely destroyed. The President has not initiated or Henry Norman, in an article published in the Washington Post begun the negotiations for the treaty with the Hawaiian Islands. July 1, 1898, says: He has not even advised it in a message; but the lower House o.f Unless all signs fail, however, or I fail to interpret them, the old America, Congress having no more co~ ~tutional power to do so than the the America obedient to the traditions of the founders of the Republie, is pass- ' ~ IIJ. ing away, and a new America, an America standing a.rmed,ale?t, and exigent humblest citizen of the land, has passed the resolution we are now in the arena. of the world struggle, is taking its place. . considering, and is now insisting that we shall adopt it, and that The change is threefold: its adoption by a majority of the Senate will give it the fm·ce of 1. The United States is a bout to take its place among the great armed pow· ers of the world. 1aw. 2. By the seizure and retention of territory not only not contiguous to the The exclusive right of the President to initiate or begin a treaty borders of the Republic, but remote from them, the United States becomes a is destroyed by this pl'Oposition. The two-thirds safeguard of the colonizing nation and enters the field of international rivalries. Senate required by the Constitution is also destroyed, and a new I shall endeavor to demonstrate that my position is that of the body apiJears upon the political horizon witb.out any power to in­ fathers of the Republic, and with them I cheerfully take my stand itiate a treaty, or engage in treaty relations, asserting a usurped a~ainst imperial aggression and the danger incident to its exer- power. , dse. If anything can be said to be completely settled in our Mr. President, it is then declared by the Constitution that the country, it is the Monroe doctrine, which deelares that, while we judicial power shall extend to treaties and that they shall be re­ will not ourselves engage in a career of imperialism and col~~ial garded as the supreme law of the land, and the judges in every acquisition,,no other nation.shall inv:a~e or extend he! domm10n State shall be bound thereby. It is also provided that no State on ihis continent to the detriment or mJury of the Umted States, shall enter into a:Q.y treaty, alliance, or confederation; and these and if we hold to thisdoctrine we must also be bound by its terms. provisions are all that are found in the Constitution on the sub­ Here, Mr. President, the nation has stood throughout all its ex- ject of the treaty-making power of the United States. istence, and here we must stand .in the future, as immovable as It is elementary in the construction of the Constitution that a the Rock of Gibraltar, if onr Government is to be safe and our power expressly and exclusively conferred on one body or officer people are to reap the highest rewards of their sacrifices and ef- can be exercised alone by that body or officer. The implication forts in establishing this Government. immediately arises that all other persons than those enumerated In saying this it must not be understood that I favor returning are excluded from its exercise, and the constitutional provision to Spain any of the terl"itory lost to her as a result of the war now which confers on the President the power to initiate a treaty with in progress. I have so repeatedly stated my position on this sub- a foreign nation and on two-thirds of the Senate the power to con­ ject in this Chamber that it would seem to be a work of superero· cur therein places the exclusive jurisdiction over the treaty-making gation to repeat it, to the effect that every acre of Spain's posses- power of the United States in the P1·esident and the Senate of the sions on this continent and in the seas must be lost to her forever. United States. • Spain must pay every dollar this war costs us, and for the Maine Mr. President, the Constitution was made to be observed, not and our dead and wounded seamen. to be violated. It is an irrevocable contract between the States The Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico must pass from her do· of th~ Union, binding on them as political entities and on all minion and become independent republics, and no arrangement citizens; and every individual is bound by its provisions and its must be made by which there will be any recession of terdtory to just implication. And whoever would consciously violate a pro­ that decaying and brutal monarchy~ now, thank God, rapidly dis- vision of this instrument, whoever would consciously strike down appearing from the map of the world. · or emasculate any of its provisions, would be guilty of moral 1898. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 6635 • treason, and whoever would resist its enforce_ment by anned re­ gress is in violation of the letter, spirit, and policy of the Consti­ bellion would be guilty of high treason under its provisions and tution. subjected to conviction and execution. · Mr. President, my time will not permit me to elaborate o.r ex­ The Constitution must not only, in the nature of things, be a pand on this proposition, nor is it necessary that I should do so, grant of power, but it must, to some extent, also be a restraint on for to the lawyer and the conscientiotfs student of constitutional power, for laws, whether primary or statutory, are more frequently history and constitutional construction they are as elementary restrictive in their character than otherwise. We restrain an in­ and indispensable in applying the provisions of the Constitution dividual from the exercise of a natural right that order, harmony, as is the a1pha})et in the use of the English language. and peace may prevail in the State. It may, in astate of nature, be When I was a boy but 15 years of age, I registered a solemn oath the natural right of the strong to prey on the weak, but in orderly to support and obey the Constitution of the United States, and to and well-regulated society this right is restrained, and the strong defend it against its enemies; and although as a public officer I have are required by punitive legislation to respect the rights of the sincethenfrequentlysworn to support that instrument, Ihaveneve1· weak; and before the law of this country all citizens, regardless for a moment in the thirty-six years since that important event in of religious belief, station, or social, intellectual, moral, or racial my life supposed myself absolved from its binding force. It has statu , stand upon an equality. Any other construction than this been an ever-present duty with me, and, I may add as well, an would lead to anarchy, ruin: and national dishonor and social evet·-present pleasure, to observe it, for in its observation by the chaos. citizens of the United States lies the sole safety of the Republic. Mr. President, I submit to the candid judgment of the most To abandon.its wise provisions means to invite anarchy and the earnest imperialist the following p1·opositions, which I challenge decay of the Republic and finally the enthronement of monarchy, him to successfully deny: and thus the Government of the United States would be trans­ 1. The C~nstitution of the United States is a grant of power formed from a republic or democracy into that form of govern­ that does not exist outside of its expressed provisions and neces­ ment from which we rescued it after our ancestors had waged sary implication. It creates a government which can not exist seven years of bloody and devastating war. otherwise and confers on it certain specific powers by e~resslan­ I assert, the Constitution having placed in the President the guage or by necessary implication; but powers n.ot expressly power to initiate all treaties and in the Senate the power to concur granted or not necessarily implied or proper for t~e e~ecution of in or 1·eject the proposed treaties, that annexation by treaty es:­ gt·anted powers do not exist and can not be constitutionally em­ cludes all·other methods and that the acquisition of ten'itory in ployed. any other form, except as a mere tentative war measure and as an 2. The Constitution and the statutes are ten'itorial in their oper­ incident to the conduct of war, would be in violation of the letter ation; that is they can not have any binding force OI' operation and spirit of the Constitution. I do not for one moment doubt beyond the territorial limits of the government in which they are that if the Chief Executive should officially declare that the occu­ promulgated. In other words, the Constitution and statutes can pancy of the Hawaiian Islands was a necessary war measure in not reach aero s the territorial boundaries of the United States the successful p1·osecution of the war with Spain, he would have into the territorial domain of another government and affect that the constitutional power to occupy them, but this has refe1·ence government or persons or property therein. to the war powet· of the Constitution and nottothetreaty-making A joint-resolution if passed becomes a statute law. It has no power. If it is determined that we shall a~quire this tenitory, other or greater force. It is the same as it would be if it were en­ let the President assume full responsibility under a well-known titled "An act" instead of "A joint resolution." That is its legal and well-defined constitutional power. classification. It is therefore impossible for the Government of Under our form of government the power to "declare war, the United States, by statute or joint resolution, to reach across grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning its boundary into the dominion of another government and annex captur"Cs on land and water " is vested in Congress; and when war that government or affect persons or p1·o-perty therein. But the has been declared, it is provided that- United States may do so under the treaty-making power, which I The President Rhall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the shall hereafter consider. . United States, and of the militia of th~ several States, when called into tlte 3. That where a conStitution expressly provides a means to be actual s0rvice of the United States. pursued for the accomplishment of a given thing or purpose, it By virtue of his office of Commande1· in Chief of the Army and impliedly excludes all other means; and the Constitution having Navy, if the President deems the seizure and holding of specific specificaily placed th.e treaty-making power~ which embraces the territory during a state of war to be necessary, he may so seize and authority to annex territory: in the President, to be con~urred in hold it regardless of the legislative and judicial branches of the or not by two-thirds of the Senators present when submitted to Government; but in such case he must act in a. military capacity the Senate, it excludes any other method of acquiring additional and by virtue of the military authority lodged in him by the Con­ territory. And, Mr. President, if we will turn to the precedents, stitution. Such seizure is to be regarded as a military necessity, we will find this assertion well sustained by the history of our and the power to make it is implied from the power to make war. country. The authority to occupy the Hawaiian Islands under such circum­ Alaska came to us by treaty from Russia March 30, 1867. stances would be due to the existence of this power, but that Arizona was included in the Territory of New Mexico ceded to would not authorize Congress to pass the joint re ·olution now the United States by Mexico by treaty of February 2, 1848. Its before the Senate or to act in any other mann~r than that pointed boundary was extended south by the Gadsden treaty of December out specifically in the Constitution itself. 3, 185R-June 30, 1854. · . I am perfectly willing, if the President believes the exigencies California came to us from Mexico, primarily by conquest in of the war require it, that he shall seize the Hawaiian Islands and 1846-47, followed by treaty of February 2, 1848. occupy them; but, Mr. President, I can not myself see any neces­ Florida came to the United States by treaty from Spain Febru­ sity for doing so. ary 22, 1819. Two propositions are plain: First, that territory can only be Louisiana came to us from France by treaty April30, 1803. annexed or acquired by treaty; second, that the Pre.sident, under New Mexico came to the United States from Mexico by treaty the Constitution, may occupy the Hawaiian Islands under the war of February 2, 1848. power and by virtue of his office of Commander in Chief of the Santo Domingo was proposed to be annexed by treaty in 1869-70, Army and Navy. but it failed. That treaty contained a clause for the assent or a . Without detaining the Senate too long on these propositions, I vote of the people, which was taken in March, 1870, and they voted submit it is apparent to any person who may give the subject a 1,006 for to 9 against. moment's serious thought that to pass this resolution and enforce In 1867 the United States negotiated a treaty with Denmark for it would be to utterly destroy forever and obliterate the provi­ St. Thomas and St. Johns, and the assent of the people of those sion of the Constitution I have referred to, which declares that the islands was made a condition precedent, and they voted '' aye " President" shall have power, by and with the advicB and consent about January 18, 1868, but the treaty failed. . of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Sena­ Mr. President, notwithstanding these precedents, it is proposed tors present concur." to annex the Hawaiian Islands without consulting the people of Two-thirds of the Senators present would mean two-thirds of that country. the States present by Senators in the Senate at the time of the I hold, without further discussion, that under the rules I have concurrence, and this declaration is another form of saying that stated the treaty-making power, which includes the power of ac­ two-thirds of the States as represented in the Senate shall be pres­ quiring additional territory, rests exclusively in the President and ent and concur in a treaty to give it binding force. the Senate, that it is an executive power which in its very nature Mr. HOAR. ·Mr. President, will the Senator allow me to ask can not be exercised by the House of Representatives, and that him if that statement can be reconciled with the possibility of the only method of exercising it is by treaty and not by joint difference of opinion between two Senators from the same State? resolution or act of Congress; and the case of Texas, when rightly Mr. ALLEN. I see nothing in the question to militate against understood, forms no exception to this rule; therefore an attempt the proposition I make. to annex or acquire territory by act or joint resolution of Con- Mr. HOAR. My honorable friend will pardon me; I .do not 6636 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. J ULY 4, wish to interrupt hlm, because I see he has prepared himself very Europe has a set of primary interests which to us have none or a very carefully, but I understand him to say that the provision of the remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the ~a uses of which are essentially foreign to our concerns. Hence, therefore, Constitution that two-thirds of the Senators shall concur in It must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves by artificial ties in the or di­ a treaty to give it validity is equivalent to a statement that two­ nary vicissitudes of her politics or the ordinary combinations and collisions thirds of the States must concur. of her friendships or enmities. . Our detached and distant situation invites and enables us to pursue a :Mr. ALLEN. Yes, sir. different course. If we remain one j)eople, under an efficient government the Mr. HOAR. I ask the Senator how that can be when all the period is not far off when we may defy material injury from external anhoy­ States have two Senators, and the two Senators may differ? ance; when ~e may take such an attitude as will cause the neutrality we mar at any time re~lve up?n. t;<> be scrup~lously re;SJ?~.cted; when belligerent Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President, it may be, and quite likely would nations, under the unposs1bility of makmg acqms1t10ns upon us will not be in some cases, that the Senators representing a State would legally hazard the giving us provocation; when we may choose peace or war, differ; but nevertheless the proposition is plain that two-thirds of as our interest, guided by justice, shall counsel. Why forego the advantages of so peculiar a. situation? Why quit our own the Senators concurring would mean, as a matter of fact, the rep­ '·3 stand upon foreign ground? Why, by interweaving our destiny with resentation of two-thirds of the States; and that would be the 1mt of any part of Europe, entangle our peace and prosperity in the toils of exercise of the power that came to the States in their original ~uropean ambition, rivalship, interest, humor, or caprice? capacity from the English Crown. President William Henry Harrison said in his inaugural ad­ When our States secured their liberation from England before dress, March 4, 1841: the formation of the Constitution, they inherited every power that ~ cau co~cei ve of no more sublime spectacle, none more likely to propitiate could be exercised by the British Government, among which was an ~mp~rtial and common Creator, than a rigid adherence to the principles of ~nst1ce on the part of a. powerful nation in its transactions with a weaker the treaty-making power; and when the Constitution of the and uncivilized people whom circumstances have placed at its disposal. United States was formed, that treaty-making power was lodged In the first annual message of John Tyler to the Senate and in the President of the United States and two-thirds of the States House of Representatives, December 7, 1841, he said: as represented by theh· Senators in this Chamber. That treaty­ . We ~ook to no forei~ conquests, nor do we propose to enter into competi­ making power embraces every conceivable treaty that can be tion With any other nat10n for :mpremacyon the ocean~but it is due notonly made between this Government and a foreign power; and there is to the honor but to the security of the people of the united States that no no authority in the Constitution or in the history or traditions of nation should be permitted to invade our waters at pleasure and subject our this Government for this Government to negotiate. even with an­ towns and villages to conflagration and pillage. other nation excepting as it is found expressed in the provisions In the special message of John Tyler to the Senate and House of the Constitution. of Representatives, December 30, 184:2, he said: Mr. President the Constitution must begin and end with the Considering, therefore, that the United States possesses so large a share of the intercourse with those islands, it is deemed not unfit to make the dec­ ten-itorial jurisdiction of the United States; it can not reach be­ laration t?at their Government seeks, ne•ertheless, no peculiar advantages, yond the boundaries of our Government. It would be as lifeless no exclns1ve control over the Hawaiian Government, but is content with its and impotent as a piece of blank paper in Canada or in the Ha­ independent existence and anxiously wishes for its security and prosperity. waiian Islands; and so with a statute or joint resolution. But as · In the third annual message of John Tyler to the Senate and respects the treaty-making power, the President is authorized to House of Representatives, December, 1843, he said: open negotiations with foreign countries and enter into treaties The United States would be at all times indisposed to aggrandize itself at the expense of any other nation; but while they would be restrained by of all kinds, subject to the right of the States as represented in principles of honor, which should govern the conduct of nations as well as this Chamber to approve or reject; and whenever we depart from that of individuals, from setting up a demand for territory which does not this specific and plain pathway, we abandon the provision, the belong to them, they would as unwillingly consent to a surrender of their letter, the spirit, and the policy of the Constitution. rights. Mr. President, these constitutional checks and safeguards would In the special message of John Tyler to the Senate of the United be utterly thrown down if we were to pul'sue the course nGw at­ States, April 22, 1844, he said: tempted by the other side. We would strike down absolutely I transmit herewith, for your approval and ratification, a. treaty which I have caused to be negotiated between the United States and TexM, whereby and for all time the power of the President to initiate or make the latter, on the conditions therein set forth, has transferred and conveyed treaties, and also the constitutional safeguard requiring two­ all its right of s~parate and independent sovereignty and jurisdiction to the thirds of the Senators present to concur in their terms and condi­ United States. In taking so important a step I have been influenced by what appeared tomato be the most controlling considerations of public policy tions. This can not be done with impunity and without being and the general good, and in having accomplished it, should it meet with guilty of a flagrant violation of the express terms of the Consti­ your ap:proval, the Government will have succeeded in reclaiming a terri­ tution itself.· tory which formerly constituted a portion, as it is confidently believed, of its domain under the treaty of cession of 1803 by France to the United tates. And thus, Mr. President, from year to year and from decade to The cotmtry thus proposed to be annexed has been settled principally by decade, 5ubstantial and elementary provisions of the Constitution, persons from the United States, who emigrated on the invitation of both solemnly promulgated for the protection of the people and the Spain and Mexico and who carrjed with them into the wilderne ~s which thev preservation of the nation, are obliterated and set aside as obso­ have partially reclaimed the laws, customs, and political and domestic insti­ tutions of their native land. They are deeply indoctrinated in all the prin­ lete by those intrusted with their preservation and who have ciples of civil liberty,__~nd will bring along with them in the act of reassocia­ taken a solemn oath to observe and sustain them. This course of tion devotion to our union and a firm and inflexible resolution to assist in constantly violating the provisions of the Constitution can not be maintaining the public liberty unimpaired-a eonsideration which, n.3 it ap­ pears to ~e. i~ to !>a regarded as of. no sm~ moment. The country itself carried on to any great extent without our reaching that period thus obtamed IS of mcalculable value man agncultural and commercial point where the Constitution will be set at utter defiance in all of its of. view. To .a soil ~f inexhaustible fe1:tility it unites a genial and healthy provisions and we will enter on the chaotic sea of Presidential climate, and IS destmed at a day not diStant to make large contributions to the commerce of the world. Its territory is separated from the United States and legislative caprice without any restraint whatever. In fact, so in part by an imaginary line, and by the River Sabine for a distance of 310 notorious and open have been the violations of the Constitution miles, and its productions are.the same with those of many of the contiguous within the last few yea~·s that a distinguished American statesman, States of the Union. Such is the coun\ry, snch are its inhabitants, and such its capacities to add who for many years served in this Chamber and who is yet alive, to the general wealth of the Union. As to the latter, it may be safely as­ declared that "the Constitution means whatever a majority of serted that in the magnitude of its productions it will equal in a short time Congress says it means." under the protecting care of this Government, if it does not surpass, the combined production of many of the States of the Confederacy. A new and I Section 3, Article IV, of the Constitution, authorizing Congress powerful impulse will thus be given to the navigating interest of the country.J to admit new States into the Union, does not mean the annexation which wm be chiefly engrossed by onr fellow-citizens of the Easlern ana of foreign territory as a State, but has reference solely to the au­ Middle States, who have already attained a remarkable degree of prosperity by the partial monopoly they have enjoyed of the carrying trade of the thority of Congress to create new States out of territory originally Union, particularly the coastwise trade, which this new acquisition is destined in the possession of the United States or that may be acquired by in time, and that not distant, to swell to a magnitude which can not easily be proper treaty under the Constitution. This is its full scope and computed, while the addition made to the boundaries of the home market thus secured to their mining, manufacturing, and mechanical skill and in­ meaning, and any argument to the effect that under this provision dustry will be of a character the most commanding and important. Congress has power to annex the Hawaiian Islands is unwarranted Such are some of the many advantages which will accrue to the Eastern and violative of the plain purpose and policy of the Constitution. and Middle States by the ratification of the treaty-advantages the extent of which it is impossible to estimate with accuracy or properly to appreciate. I pass from the interesting and important question I have been Texas, being adapted to the culture of cotton, sugar, and rice, and aevoting discussing with these simple observations, restraining myself from most of her energies to the raising of these productions, will open an exten- discussing it more fully, scientifically, and accurately, because of 8ive market to the Western States in the important articles of beef, pork, a lack of time, to the consideration of other equally important and horses, mules, etc., as well as in breadstuffs. At the same time, the Southern and outheastern States will find in the fact of annexation protection and interesting questions. security to their peace and tranquillity, as well against all domestic as foreign Mr. President, the policy of annexation, territorial aggrandize­ efforts to disturb them, thus consecrating anew the union of the States and ment, or colonization bas been studiously ·condemned by every holding out the promiae of its perpetual duration. Thus, at the same time that the tide of publieprosperity is gre:ttly swollen, distinguished statesman from Washington to the present hour; an appeal of what appears to the Executive to be of an imposing, if not of a and I regard it as highly important, before this discussion shall resistless, character is made to the interests of every portion of the country. end, to cite their utterances with some degree of liberality. Agriculture, which would have a new and extensive market opened for its produee; commerce, whose ships would be freighted with the rich produc­ President Washington said September 17, 1796: tions of an extensive and fertile region; and the mechanical arts, in all their The great rule of conduct for us in regard :to foreign nations is, in ex­ various ramifications, would seem to unite in one universal demand for the tending our commercial relations, to h.ave with. them as little political con­ ratiflcationofthetreaty. But important as these considerations may appear, nection as . possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let they are to be regarded as but secondary to others. Texas, for reasons them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. deemed sufficient by herself, threw off her dependence on Mexico as far back 1898. CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD-SENATE. 6637

as 1836, and consummated her independence by the battle of San Jacinto in can not but repeat the opinion expressed in my message at the opening of the same • ar, since which period Mexico has attt:Jmpted no serious invasion Congress that it is time it had ceased. 'l'he Executive, while it could not look of her territory; but the· contest has assumed features of a mere border war, upon its longer continuance without the greatest uneasiness, has, neverthe­ characterized by acts revolting to humanity. less, for all past time preserved a course of strict neutrality. It could not be In the year 1836 Texas adopted her constitution, under which she has ex­ ignQr.ant of the fact of the exhaustion which a war of so long a duration had isted as a sovereign power ever since, having been recognized as such by produced. Least of all was it ignorant of the anxiety of other powers to in­ many of the principal powers of the world; and contemporaneously with its duce Mexico to enter into terms of recognition with Texas, which, affecting adoption, by a solemn vote of her people, embracing all her population but the domestic institutions of Texas, would operate most injm·iously apon the Qapersons, declared her anxious desire to be admitted into association with the United States and might most seriously threaten the existence of this happy United States as a portion of their territory. This vote, thus solemnly taken, Union. Nor could it be unacquainted with the fact that although forei~ has never been reversed, and now by the action of her constituted authori­ governments mi~ht disavow all design to disturb the relations which exiSt ties, sustained as it is by popular sentiment, she reaffirms her desire for an­ under the Constitution between these States, yet that one, t.he most pow­ nexation. This course has been adopted by her without the employment of erful among them, had not failed to declare its marked and decided hos­ any sinister measures on the part of this Government. No intrigue has been tility to the chief feature in those relations and its purpose on all suitable set on foot to accomplish it. Texas herself wills it, and the executive of the occasions to urge upon Mexico the adoption of such a course in negotiating United States, concurring with her, has seen no sufficient reason to avoid the with Texas as to produce the obliteration of that feature from her domestic consummation of an act esteemed to be so desirable by both. It can not be policy as one of the conditions of her recognition by Mexico as an independ­ denied that Texas is greatly depressed in her energies by her long-protracted ent State. war with Mexico. The Executive was also aware of the fact that formidable associations of - Under these circumstances it is but natural that she should seek for safety persons, the subjects of foreign powers, existed, who were directin~ their ut­ and repose under the protection of some stronger power, and it is equally so most efforts to the accomplishment of this object. To these conclus10ns it was that her people should turn to the United States, the land of their birth, in inevitably brought by the documents now submitted to the Senate. I repeat, the first instance in the pursuit of such protection. She has often before the Executive saw Texas in a state of almost hopeless exhaustion. and the q ues­ made known her wishes, but her advances have to this time been repelled. tion was narrowed down to the simple proposition whether the United States The Executive of the United States sees no longer any cause for pursuing should accept the boon of annexation upon fair and even liberal terms, or, such a course. The hazard of now defeating her wishes may be of the most by refusing to do so, force Texas to seek refu~e in the arms of some other fatal tendency. It might lead, and most probably would, to such an entire power, either through a trea.ty of alliance, offensive and defensive, or the alienation of sentiment and feeling as would inevit.ably induce her to look adoption of some other expedient which might v-irtually make her tributary elsewhere for aid, and force her either to enter into dangerous alliances with to such power and dependent upon it for all future time. The Executive has other nations, who, looking with more wisdom to their own interests, would, full reason to believe that such would have been the result without its inter­ it is fairly to be presumed. readily adopt such expedients; or she would hold position and that such will be the result in the event eit.her of unnecessary out the proffer of discriminating duties in trade and commerce in order to delay in the ratification or the rr-jection of the proposed treaty. secure the necessary assistance. In full view, then, of the highest public duty and as a measure of security Whatever step she might adopt looking to this object would prove disas­ against evils incalculably great, the Executive has entered into the negotia­ trous in the highest degree to the interests of the whole Union. To say noth­ tion the fruits of which are now submitted to- the Senate. Independent of ing· of the impolicy of our permitting the carrying trade and home market of the ur~ent reasons which existed for the step it has taken, it might safely in­ such a country to pass out of our hands into those of a commercial rival, the voke the fact (which. it confidently believes) that there exists no civilized Government, in the first place, would be certain to suffer most disastrously government on earth having a voluntary tender made it of a domain so rich in its revenue by the introduction of a system of smuggling upon an exten­ and fertile, so replete with all that can add to national greatness and wealth, sive scale, which an army of custom-house officers could not prevent, and and so necessary to its peace and safety, that would reject the offer. Nor are which would operate to affect injuriously t.he interests of all the industrial other powers, Merico inclusive, likely rn any degree to be injuriom;ly affected classes of this country. Hence would arise constant collisions between the by the riJ.tification of the treaty. The prosperity of Texas will be equally inhabitants of the two countries, which would evermore endanger their interesting to all; in the increase of the general commerce of the world that peace. A large increase of the military force of the United States would in­ prosperity will be secured by annexation. evitably follow, thus developing upon the people new and extra<>rdinary But one view of the subject remains to be presented. It grows out of the burdens in order not only to protect them from the danger of daily collision proposed enlargement of our territory. From this, I am free to confess, I with Texas herself, but to guard their border inhabitants against hostile in­ see no danger. The federative system is susceptible of the gres.tf.st exten­ roads so easily excited on the part of the numerous and warlike tribes of sion compatible with the ability of the representation of the most distant Indians dwelling in their neighborhood. Texas would undoabtedly be un­ State or 'rerritory to reach the sdat of Government in time to participate in able for many years-to come, if at any time, to resist unaided and alone the the functions of legislation and to make known the wants of the constituent military power of the United States; but it is not extravagant to suppose body. Our confederated Republic consisted originally of thirteen members. that nations reaping a rich harvest from her trade, secured to them by ad­ It now consists of twiee that number, while applications are before Congress vantageous treaties, would be induced to take part with her in any conflict to permit other additions. This addition of new States has served to with us, from the strongest considerations of public policy. strengthen rather than to weaken the Union. New interests have s-prung Such a state of things might subject to devastation the territory of con­ u-p which require the united power of all, through the action of the common tiguous States, and would cost the country in a single campaign more treas­ Government, to protect and defend upon the high seas and in foreign parts. ure, thrice told over, than is stipulated to be paid and reimbursed by the Each State commits with perfect security to that common Gm·ernment treaty now proposed for ratification. I will not permit myself to dwell on those great interests growing out of Ollr relations with other nations of the this view of the subject. Consequences of a fatal character to the peace of world, and which equally involve the good of all the States. Its domestic the Union, and even to the preservation of the Union itself. might be dwelt concerns are left to Its own exclusive mana~ement. But if there were any upon. They will not, however, fail to occur to the mind of the Senate and of force in the objection it would seem to regmre an immediate abandonment the country. Nor do I indul~e in the vague conjectures of the future. The of territorial possessions which lie in the distance and stretch to a far-off sea, documents now transmitted along with the treaty lea-d to the conclusion, as and yet no one would be found, it is believed, ready to recommend such an inevitable, that if the boon now tendered be rejected Texas will seeK: for the abandonment. Texas lies at our very doors and in our immediate vicinity. friendship of others. In contemplating such a contingency it can not be Under every view which I have been able to take of the subject, I think overlooked that the United States are already almost surrounded by the that the interests of our common constituents, the people of all the States, possessions of European powers. The Canadas. New Brunswick, and Nova and a love of the Union left the Executive no other alternative than to nego­ Scotia, the islands m the American seas, with Texas trammeled by treaties tiate the treaty. The high and solemn duty of ratifying or rejecting it; is of alliance or of a commercial character differing in policy from that of the wisely devolved on the Senate by tlie Constitution of the United 8tates. United States, would complete the circle. Texas voluntarily steps forth, npon terms of perfect honor and good faith to all nations, to ask to be an­ In the special message of John Tyler to the House of Represent­ nexed to the Union. atives of the United States, June 10, 1844, he said: As an independent sovereignty her right to do this is unquestionable. In The Government and people of the United States have never evinced nor doing: so she gives no cause of umbrage to any other power; her people de­ do they feel any desire to interfere in public que tions not affecting the rela­ sire It, and there is no slavish transfer of her sovereignty and independence. tions existing between the States of the American continent. We leave the She has for ei~ht years maintained her independence against all efforts to European powers exclusive control over matters affecting their continent subdue her. She has been recognized as independent by many of the most and the relations of their different states; the United States claim a simHar prominent of the family of nations, and that recognition, so far as they are exemption from any such interference on their part. The treaty with Texas concerned, places her in a position, without giving any just cause of umbra~e was negotiated from considerations of high public policy, influencing the to them, to surrender her sovereignty at her own will and pleasure. The conduct of the two ~publics. We have treated with Texas as an independ­ United States, actuated evermore by a spirit of justice, has desired by the ent power solely with a view of bettering the condition of the two countries. stipulations of the treaty to render justice to all. They have made provision If annexation in any form occur, it wm arise from the free and unfettered for the payment of the :{>Ublic debt of Texas. We look to her ample and fer­ action of the people of the two countries; and it seems altogether becoming tile domain as the certam means of accomplishing this; but this is a matter in me to say that the honor of the country, the dignity of the American name, between the United States and •.rexas, and with which other governments and the permanent interests of the United States woald forbid acquiescence have nothing to do. Our right to receive the rich grant tendered by Texas in any such interference. is perfect, and this Government should not, having due respect either to its own honor or its own interests, permit its course of policy to be interrupted In the fourth annual mess~e of John Tyler to the Senate and by the interference of other powers, even if such interference were threat­ House of Represent3tives of the United States, December, 1844, ened. The qaestion is one purely American. In the acquisition, while we abstain most carefully from all that could interrupt the public peace, we he said: - claim the right to exercise a due regard to our own. This Government can An interference of one in the affairs of another is the fruitful cause of not consistently with its honor permit any such interference. With equal, family dissensions and neighborhood disputes, and the same cause r.ffects the if not greater, propriety might the tJnited States demand of other govern­ peace, happiness, and prosperity of states. It may be most devoutly hoped ments to surrender their numerous and valuable acquisitions made in past that the good sense of the American people will ever be ready to repel aU time at numberless places on t.he surface of the globe, whereby they have such attempts should they ever be made. added to their power and enlarged their resources. Mr. TURPIE. I ask the courtesy of the honorable Senator from To Mexico the Executive is disposed to pursue a course conciliatory in its character and at the same time to render her the most aniple justice by con­ Nebraska to yield to me. ventions and stipulations not inconsistent with the rights and dignity of the The VICE-PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from Nebraska. Government. It is actuated by no spirit of unjust aggrandizement, but looks yield to the Senator from Indiana? only to its own security. It has made known to Mexico at sev-eral periods its extreme anxiety to witness the termination of hostilities between that coun­ Mr. ALLEN. Yes, sir. try and Texas. Its wishes, however, have been entirely disregarded. It hM Mr. TURPIE. Mr. President, there is a special order for to-day ever been ready to urg3 an adjustment of the dispute upon terms mutually at 12 o'clock, one of the most ancient, I think, known to the Amer­ advantageous to both. It will be ready at all times to hear and discuss any claims Mexico may think she has on the justice of the United States and to ican Congress. I wish, therefore, to call attention to this most adjust any that may be deemed to be so on the most libaral terms. There is special and ancient order made by Congress on the 4th of July, no desire l OF INDEPE"NDE~CE-.A DECLAR.ATION BY THE REPRESENTA· to ask or expect this of us; we deal rightfully with Texas as an independent 'l'IVES OF THE U~"'ITED STATES OF AMERICA IN COXGRESS .A. S:IDIBLED. power. [July 4, 17i6.] T~e 'Yar ~hich has been waged for eight years has resulted only in the When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people CODVlCtion With all others t,han herself that Texas can not be reconquered. I to dissolvtl the political bands which have connected them with another, and 6638 .OONGRESSIONAL ....__RECORD - SENATE. JULY4,

to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, ac­ which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect quiesce in the necessity which denounces our separation and hlWI them, as to the opinions of m.ank:ind- we hold the rest of mankind, enemi~ in war, in peace friends. ~ We, therefore, the representatives of the United State of America in gen­ Said to be the most felicitous ph-rase in the paper-a great state eral Congress assembled, appealing· to the Supreme Judge of the world for paper- the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name and by authority of the good requires that they should declare the causes which impel them·ta the sepa­ people of these colonies, solemnly publish and declare that these united col­ ration. onies are and of right ought to be free and independent States; that they are We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, absolved from all allegia.noo to the British Crown, and that aU political con­ that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that nection between them and the State of Great Britain is and ought to be totally muong these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure dissolved; and that as free and independent Sta.t es they have full power to these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just pow­ levy war, conclude peace, eon tract alliances, e~tablish commerce, and to do ers from the consent of the governed.z that whenever any form of govern­ all other acts and.thingswhi_c.h ind:ependent sto..tes may of right do. And for ment becom~s destructive of these enas it is the ri~ht of the peo~le to alter iJ.?.e suppoz:t of tblS declaration. With a firm reliance on the protection of Di­ or to abolish it and to institute new government, laymg its foundation on such vme ProVJdence, we mutually pledge tc each other our lives, our fortunes, pt•inciples and organiziJ?.g its powers in s.uch form as to t~em shall. ~m and our sacTed honor. · most likely to effect their safety and happmess. Prudence, mdeed, will die· Mr. President, the paper jllSt read has not onlv been the sub­ tate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and a.ecordingly all experience hath shewn- ject of great and continuous panegyric by that nation whose birth " Hath shewn "-a literary anomaly now. It will be seen at it witnessed and declared, but it has also been the subject of im­ the date of this declaration the particles " hath " and " has" were measm·able praise by the publicists, the legists. and the states­ both used. The struggle was geing on in the language as to which men of Europe, the wisest and ablest of theOJd World at the time should survive. Theone, "has," has supplanted the other, "hath." of its appearance and submission to the candid judgment of man­ I do not know whether or not the change in this case has been an kind. It is naturally divided into three parts. Perhaps the division improvement- was wholly unconscious, for when a great paper is to be drafted that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the foriDB to which they are accustomed. which shall vindicate the establishment of a separate nationality, But wh~n a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably t.he the argument of nature, its fo-rce and influence, the mental char­ same object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, illis acteristics Qf those engaged in drafting and signing it. give it that their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government and to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance natural tripartite division. · of these colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to In the first instance there is the exordium, the statement com­ alter their former sy tems of government. The history of the present King mencing with the maxim " that all men are created equal,' and of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these States. following that up to the conclusion of '' the unalienable right '-a To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world. right which no people can be bereaved of or deprived of-the He has refused his assent to laws the most wholesome and necessary for right to alter or amend their form of government by arms or thE!_Public good. He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing otherwise-the right of revolution-that right which we are now importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be ob­ vindicating at Santiago, and which we have vindicated from Sru.·­ tained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. atoga to Yorktown, at Palo Alto, at Chapultepec, at every battle- He has refused to pass other )J:I.wsfor the accommodation of large districts 1716. , of people, unless tb0l:l6 people would relinquish the right of representation in field and camp since the 4th day of July, the legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only. The great philosophers and statesmen, authors of the Declara­ H e has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfort~ble, tion, took the free man, the unit, as the basis of free government, and distant from the depository of their J?Ublie records, tor the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with blS measures. and asserted the doctrine that no just government could be based He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly for opposing with upon anything except his consent, their continuous consent; and manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people. w~enever tp.i~consent ceases, and e~pec~lywhen dissent appears He bas refused for a long time after such dissolutions to cause others to With arms m Its hand, there revolution lS fi.a.gra.nt. The right, the be elected, whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exercise, the State remaining in the fact, the doctrine, the causes can not be settled, can not be ad­ meantime exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without and convul: justed in any way except by the arbitram~nt of the sword. It is sions within. the final and last argument made among men. ' He bas endeavored to prevent the popnlation of these States· for that pur­ pose obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners; r;bising to pass Tha-t doctrine, with its corollary that all men are born free and others to encourage their migrations hither, a.nft raising the conditions of equal, does not glitter reflected light. It is luminous with it new appropriations of lands. own light and radiance. .It is a doctrine founded in the everlast­ He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent to law for establishing judiciary powers. ~g truth ~d gospel of nature, ~elonging to. .the very alphabet of He has made judges dependent on his will alone for the tenure of their hberty. If It be heresy, then thiS whole Cap1tol should vanish as offices and the amount and payment of their salaries. an unsubstantial dream; both Houses of the Congress, whose pre­ He has erected a multitude of new offices and sent hither swariDB of offi­ cers to haras our people and eat out their substance. decessors made this declaration, ought at once to abdicate their He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies without the con- offices. We must adhere, as has been said by the honorable Sen­ sent of our legislature. · ator from Nebraska, we must do more than obey, we must sup~ He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to the all civil power. port actively, affirmatively, earnestly this doctrine that gov­ He bas combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our e-rnment-all government-is founded justly only upon the con- Constitution and unacknowledged by our laws, giving his assent to their acts sent of the governed. · of pretended legislation: The second part of this great state paper may be called the For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us: For protecting them by a mock trial from punishment for any murders declaration or narratio~. It is ~he account of grievances. It is, which they should commit on tho inhabitants of these States. perhaps, the most forcible, luCld, and commanding statement of For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world. grievances ever made by petitioners against any government. It For imposing taxes on us without our consent. For depriving us in many cases of the benefits of trial by jury. h.as been t~e ·most highly praised of any paragraph in the declara­ For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offenses. tion, especially by that class of scholars who have lived the sub­ For abolishing the free s~em of English laws m a neighboring province, jects of kings and emperors and have never felt the beneficial re­ e tablishing therein an arbitrary gOYernment, and enlarging its boundaries, so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for mtroducing the sults of that great day which we are celebrating. same absolute rule into these colonies. The third and last division of the declaration is the conclusion For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and alter­ or sanction, a very memorable sanction, one never made before. ing fundamentally the forms of our governments. For suspending our own legisla.tures a.ffd declaring themselves invested The barons at Runnymede made no such sanction as this. The with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. greatProtestantreformerswhometatWestminster, attheSynodof He has abdicated government here by declaring us out of his protection Dort, the great movements of the public mind, either in a political. and waging war against us. · He has plunder ed our seas, rayaged our coasts, burned our towns, and de­ religious, or civil direction, had not prior to this time ever affixed str~ ed the lives of our people. such a sanction and conclusion to a declaration of principles. He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to com­ "We pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred plete the works of death, desolation, and tyranny already begun with cir­ honor." It is an ascending. increasin~ climax of grandeur and cumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely P.aralleled in the most barbarous ages and totally unwort hy the head of a civilized nation. solemnity. It begins with the least-life. What shall a man give He has constrained our fellow-citizens taken captive on the high seas to in exchange for his life? These men offered life first as the least bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends of the great sacrifices which might be demanded as a penalty for , and .brethren. or to fall themselves by their hands. He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to the signing and publishing of this declaration. bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers the merciless Indian savages, whose Next they offered their fortunes. Lastly, in gravest manner, known r~~ of warfare is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and condibons. the thing of chiefest magnitude, the tie which bound them in all In everl stage of these oppressions we have petitioned for redress in the the years to come, which never was broken, they pledged their most hum ole terms. Our repeated petitions have been answered only by re­ sacred honor, and that pledge was kept. We had during the Rev­ peated injury. A prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which olution treason, we had treachery, but upon not one of the may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. Nor have we been wanting in attentions to our British brethren. We signers-fifty-six in number-upon not one of these illustrious hA>e warned them from time to time of attempts by their Legislature to ex­ names can there be placed a suspicion of bad faith, of slowness in tend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the meeting the duty and debt of his obligation, of any hesitancy in circumstances of our enrlgration and settlement.here. We have appealed to their inative justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them b:y the accepting the result of this great act. There is no evidence on ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which would mev-­ their part that any of the signers in the least retracted from the itably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been result, the consequences, or the principles involved iu this great 1898. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE. 6639

political testament which they witnessed and delivered to the of the oldest men in the convention. He was almost twice the age world, to be forever reverenced in all the latitudes of liberty. of Jefferson; neal"ly twice the age of Adams; very much -Older · Fortunes, it will be seen, followed life. It was the next thing in than any other member of the convention who took any promi­ imp.ortance after life, of more importance than life itself, because nent part in its procedure. in the state of the law upon trea.son at that time all that a man Again, he had nothing to gain, either in the way of reputation, had was forfeited to the Crown; his wife and children, dependent wealth, or renown, by taking his seat .and acting as a member of npon him, were cast forth as beggars and pariahs upon the charity the Continental Congress in 1776. He was not only the oldest E>f the world, always with conupted blood, with a bar sinister, member, but he put more to the hazard, infinitely more, than all always tainted with the royal conviction and judgment. Fortune the other members of that body. I speak not now of his private was swept away; and it involved the ruin of all tho e nearest and fol'tune, but I spealr of that reputation, worth more to him than dearest to the men who set their name.s and seals to this instru- his fortune, which he had .established in the Old World. It was a ment. It was the greatest sacrifice next to life. very little matter to the people of England, Ireland, Scotland, Many of these signers were men of fortune. They were ac- Wales, to the people of the Continent, to the mnltitndes of France, counted such in that day. John Hancock was the wea1thiest mer- Holland, the Netherlands, or Prussia, whether such a man as But­ chant in the United States; Charles Carroll .of Carrollton, a. very ton Gwinnett, of Georgia, or ::M:r. Matthew Thornton, of New wealthy citizen of MaTyland; Robert Morris, of Philadelphia., the Hampshire, had taken seats in the Congress of 1776 and had signed • wealthiest man of that State. One of ·these signers was _poor. a paper issued by that Congress. . He was in limited cu·cumstances; his name was Read-George They knew nothing and they cared less for the delegates I ba-ve Read. He had been el-ected from the State of Delaware as a mem- named, and for many others whom I could select from that cele­ ber of this Congress, and after his election he was approached by brated number .of the fifty-six signers. No doubt those gentle­ an emissary of the British Crown and .offered the sum of £10,000 men were well known in the colonies which had sent them to this sterling, $30,000 more than he coula ever earn, more than he had national a sembly; no doubt they were well lmown and highly ever dreamt of possessing, if he would simply vacate his seat and trusted in the State .of Georgia and in the State of New Ramp­ not attend the session of Congress. · shire, their .con tituen<.,'ies; but what was their conn~tion, what His memorable reply discloses the state of his fortune, that for- was their communication, what was their repute with the Old tune pledged to his compatriots, ·with his sacred honor, in sup- World, with Europe, with the masses of people in the British port of this declaration. His reply was: . Empire, the multitudes of France., the leading power upon the I am a poor man, a very poor man, but thank God the King of England is Continent? not rich enough to buy me. What did they know of these gentlemen, so well known locally That was the reply of a member of {Jongress approached with as politicians, as statesmen, and as being loyal to the c-ause of th~ an .offer of a bribe from -one thought to be a personal friend, sup- patriots? Nothing whatever. Any other name might have served posed to be a political supporter. It is a memorable lesson which as well. we should take to heartJ Members of Congress, like other men, But Franklin had spent fourteen years of his life in London. may resist temptation. They can not avoid it; they -can not evade He had made long journeys on the Continent. He had gone re­ it; it will come to them. If not in the shape .of money, in the . peate.dly before committees of the House of Commons. He had shape of something else; and whenever the tempter approaches in served with the highest .and greatest of British statesmen. He any form, in any guise, let us say to any executive-I speak not had rorresponded with the most profound British and French of the present; that is too transient, too transitory to be men- philosophers. He had attended a meeting of the privy council, a tioned in such a commentary-let us say to any exeenti\Te, to any privilege only granted once, and then to Benjamin Franklin, as a tempter," I am poor, but you with your devil's purse are not Tich representative of the united colonies of America. He was in the enough to buy me. '1 cl.osest intimacy with the minority, a very great .and noble mi- We know with respect to .one member of the .convention how nority, to become afterwards the majority, who were opposed to he carried · out his pledge regarding the fortune named in the the American war. sanction of this declaration. Benj.amin Franklin was a member When, ~het·efore, Benjamin Franklin went into this Congress, of Congress. He was a member of the Congress which was in was appomted one of the committee to draft the declaration, it session on the 4th of July, 1776. We bave so long associated meant more than that ~Ir. Button Gwinnett, or•l\lr. Matthew that name with philosophy, with philanthropy, with the highest Thornton, or l\1.r. Thomas Jefferson, an eminent lawyer and class of studies relating to human right, to social economy, that planter of Virginia, or Mr. Livingston, of New Yol-k, baa done it is almost an anomaly to think .of Dr. Franklin as a member of so. The fifty-five names together on the instrument were neither Congress. But he was a member of Congress, and he was among o! t~em nor any of them nor all together so full of meaning and those who pledged his fortune in support of this declaration, and s1gmficance as the on~ name, B. Franklin; so full of significance we know from the most veritabl~ records how he carried out that to that opinion of marikind for which the declarati{)ll has spread pledge. ~" upon i~ own pages i~s deference and decent respect. Immediately npon the adjournment of this Congress . he had !l.aptdly ~he news mrcnlated that Benjamin Franlilin, the bosom been selected as minister of the United States to France. Before fr1end of P1tt and Bar17, counselor and adviser of th.e great Whig he set sail for that country he sold all his movable property, his leaders of the Crown m Great Britain, the esteemed friend of books, his store, his trade, his press, his household goods-eve1·y statesmen then in their high cm·eer and power in France the possible thing of a movable character. He could sell no other. close correspondent. of the philosophers and liter.ati of theN. ether­ He ha~ large real estate intere~s, but he was one who had signed lands and of Prussia, had ·become a member of the Contin.ental the Declaration of Independence, and whose title was already Congress: . . tainted by the anticipated charge and .conviction of treason. Franklin, mdeed, had become a household name. He was well There was no market for real estate in his circumstances. He ~own,to the people of the four great divisions of the British Em­ sold all, and he covered it into the treasury of the Continental p1re-.a great deal better known than some of their own leading Congress. It went into their military chest. It went to tke sup- statesmen. No man could pretend to approach him with the port of the army and navy engaged in the Revolution, and l.t shadow of prestige or importance which he carried when he stayed there until his return from France, when it was refunded walk;ed t~ough Independence Square into the hall and took his to him in solido, without interest, he declining even to take in- seat m this assembly, He ·-pledged his fortune, and he followed terest, positively refusing to take any interest, even 3 per cent up t"!:te p~edge by the gift of its use. He gave all; he reserved mterest. This first credit-Or of the United State.s, this greatest nothmg m the cause of liberty. All the signers may not have creditor of the United States, this most glorious creditor of the done the same, but. a~ of them pledged to Franklin, as he pledged new Republic just born, refused to take his own with usury, to each of th~m, his hfe, his fortune, his sacred honor, and all of took his own without usury, having pledged his fortune to the them recogmzed in Franklin that uncrowned sovereignty, that support of the American cause. unsurpassed excellence, which shall always distinguish him as the · I sometimes regret, sir, that in t he many historical celebrations unarmed but victorious champion of liberty and union. of this day, of the great oratorical exhibits upon such occasions Mr. A~LEN. Mr. President, I desire to read this language and the eulogies delivered upon Jefferson '~ Adams, and other mem- from the mauguraJ address of President Polk, Mar ch 4, 184:5: bel'S of the Continental Congress, the country has sometimes lost All alliances h~ving a tendency to jeopard the welfare and honor of oar sight of Dr. Franklin, refusing to consider him or to think of him country or sacrifice any one. of tpe national inter~ ts will be studio11Sly as a membel' of that body Yet sir I believe that ha was the· a v-oid~d, ~d yet n

· It is well known to the .American people and to all nations that this Gov­ It was then understood that this Government would give its ernment has never interfered with the relations subsisting between other governments. We have never made ourselves parties to their wars or their moral if not its physical aid to the maintenance of an independent alliances; we have not sought their territories by conquest; we have not government in the Hawaiian I,slands, and it was di.,tinctly dis­ mingled with parties in their domestic struggles; and believing our own claimed that we had any purpose of annexing or making them a form of government to be the best, we have never attempted to propagate it by intrigues, by diplomacy, or by force. portion of the United States. · We may claim on this continent a like exemption from European inter­ So, in his first annual message, December 2, 1850, President ference. The nations of America are equally sovereign and independent with Fillmore said: those of Europe. They possess the same rights, independent of all foreign interposition, to make war, to conclude peace, and to regulate their internal .Am~n~ the acknowledged rights of nattQns is that which each pos essesof affairs. The people of the United States can not, therefore, view with indif­ estabhsh~ng that form of government which it may deem most conducive to ference attempts of European powers to interfere with the independent . t~e happmess and prosperity of its own citizens, of changing that form as action of the nations on this continent. The .American system of ~overn­ crr~umstances may require, and of managing its internal affairs according men tis entirely different from that of Europe. Jealousy among the different to Its own will. The people of the U!l.ited States claim this right for them­ sovereigns of Europe, lest any one of them might become too powerful for selves, and they readily concede it to others. the rest, has caused them anxiously to desire the establishment of what they term the" balance of power." It can not be vermitted to have any applica­ Mr:. President, is that statement of President Fillmore trne, in tion on the North American continent, and especially to the United States. the hght of the fact that we propose to annex the Hawaiian Islands We must ever maintain the principle that the people of this continent alone have the right to decide their own destiny. without taking a vote of their people or giving them an opportu­ Should any port.ion of them, constituting an independent state, propose nity to express themselves on this subject one way or the other? to unite themselves with our confeder·acy, this will be a question for them There has never been an instance, so far as this nation is. con­ and us to determine without any foreign interposition. We can never con­ cerned, of an attempt annex the territory of a foreign govern­ sent that European powers shall interfere to prevent such a union because it to might disturb the "balance of power" which they may desire to maintain ment without the consent of the people of that government, ex­ upon this continent. Near a quarter of a century ago the principle was dis· pressed in a regular and constitutional method, until we reach the tinctl:v announced to the world, in the annual message of one of my predeces­ present instance. sors, that- •• The American continents, by the free and independent condition which President Fillmore continues: they have assumed and maintrun, are henceforth not to be considered as ?ence it he09mes an imperat~ve duty not to interfere in the government subjects for future colonization by any European powers." or mternal policy of other nattons; and although we may sympathize with Tbis principle will apply with greatly increased force should any European the u.nfortunate or the oppressed everywhere in their strn~glesforfreedom power attempt to establish any new colony in North America. In the exist­ our pr~nciples forbid us from taking any part in snch foreign contests. W~ m~ circumstances of the world the present is deemed .a proper occasion to make no wars to promote or to prevent successions to thrones, to maintain reiterate and reaffirm the principle avowed by Mr. Monroe and to state my any theory of a balanceof power,or to suppresstheactualgovernmentwhich cordial concurrence in its wisdom and sound policy. The reassertion of this any country chooses to establish for itself. We instigate no revolutions, nor principle, especially in reference to North America, is at this day but the suffer any hostile military expeditions to be fitted out in the United State3 to promulgation of a policy which no European power should cherish the dis· invad~ the territory or provinces of a friendly nation. The great law of position to resist. Existing rights of every Euro~an nation should be re­ mo~·ality ought to have a national as well. as & personal ana· individual appli­ spected, but it is due alike to our safety and our mterests that the efficient cation. We should act toward other natiOns as we wish them to act toward protection of our laws should be extended over our whole territorial limits us, and justice and conscience should form the rule of conduct between gov­ and that it should be distinctly announced to the world as our settled policy ernments instead of mere power, self-interest, or the desire of aggra.ndizo­ that no future European colony or dominion shall with our consent be planted ment. To maintain a strict neutrality in foreign wars, to cultivate friendly or established on any part of the North .American continent. relations, to reciprocate every noble and ~enerous act, and to perfot•m punc­ * * * * • * • tually and scrupulously every treaty obhgation-these are the duties which It has never been our policy to maintain large standinJ; armies in time of we owe to other state!:!, and by the performance of which we best entitle our­ peace. They are contrary to the genius of our free instltu~ions, would im­ selves to like treatment from them, or if that in any case be refu ed we can pose heavy burdens on the people, and be dangerous to public liberty. Our enforce our own rights with justice and a clear conscience. reliance for protection and defense on the land must be mainly on our citi­ zen soldiers, who will be ever ready, as they ever have been ready in times On December 2, 1851, President Fillmore said, in his second an­ past, to rush with alacrity at the call of then· country to her defense. This nual message: description of force, however, can not defend our coast, harbors, and inland seas, nor protect our commerce on the ocean or the lakes. These must be It is earnestly to be hoped that the differences which have for some time pa~~ been pe~ding between the Government of the French RepubHc and that protected by our Navy. of tne Sa!ldWich Islands may be. peaceably and durably adjusted so as to se­ In his third annual message, December 7, 1847, President Polk cure the mdependence of those ISlands. Long before the events which have of late imparted so much importance to the possessions of the United States said: on the Pacific we acknowledged the. independence of the Hawaiian Govern­ I am persuad~d that the best means of vindicating the national honor and ment. This Government was first in taking that step, and several of the interest and of bringing the war- leading powers of Europe immediately followed. Speaking of the war with Mexico- We* were also *influenced * by a desire* that those* islands* should not* pass to an honorable close will be to prosecute it with increased energy and power under the control of any other great maritime state, but should remain in an in the vital parts of the enemy's country. independent condition, and so be accessible and useful to the commerce of In my annual message to Congress of December last I declared that­ all nations. I need not say that the importance of these consideration has "The war-has not been waged with a view to conquest, but, having been beAn greatly euha.nced by the sudden and vast development which the inter­ commenced by Mexico, it has been carried into the enemy's country and will est of the United States have attained in California and Oregon, and the pol­ be vigorously prosecuted there with a view to obtain an honorable peace, • icy heretofore adopted in regard to those islands will be steadily pursued. and thereby secure ample indemnity for the expenses of the war, as well as to our much-injured citizens, who hold large pecumary demands against Mexico." Mr. FRYE. Will the Senator from Nebraska yield one moment? Such, in my judgment, continues to be our true policy; indeed, the only Mr. ALLEN. I yield to the Senator from Maine. policy which will probably secure a permanent peace. Mr. FRYE. There is very good news which it is well for the It has never been contemplated by me, as an object of the war, to make a permanent conq_uest of the Republic of Mexioo or to annihilate hei' separate Senate to hear. existence as an mdependent nation. On the contrary, it has ever been my The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. KYLE in the chair). The desire that she should maintain her nationality, and under a good govern­ Secretary will read the dispatch sent to the desk by the Senator ment adapted to her condition be a free, independent, and prosperous Re­ public. The United States were the first among the nations to recognize her from Maine, if there be no objection. · mdependence, and have always desired to be on terms of amity and good The Secretary read as follows: neighborhood with her. This she would not suffer. By her own conduct we have been compelled to engage in the present war. In its prosecution we THE AssociATED PREss, Washington, July 4, 1898. seek not her overthrow as a. nation, but m vindicating our national honor we The Secretary of the Navy has received the following dispatch: seek to obtain redress for the wrongs she has done us and indemnity for our PLAYA DEL ESTE {by way of Haiti), July 4-3.15 a. rn. just demands a!fainst her. We demand an honorable peace, and that peace SABONA.Y, July 3,1898. must bring witn it indemnity- for the past and security for the future. To the SECRETARY OF THE N A. VY: Hitherto Mexico has refused all accommodation by which such a peace could The fleet under my command offers the nation as a Fourth of July present be obtained. the destruction of the whole of Cervera's fleet. Not one escaped. Tbey I cite this language of President Polk for the purpose of show­ attempted to escape at 9.30 this morning. At 2 the la.st ship, the Cristobal Colon, had run ashore 60 miles west of Santiago and has let down her colors. ing that down to 1847, when this message was delivered, it con­ The Ma1-ia The1·esa, Oquendo, and Vizcaya were forced ashore, burned, and tinued to be the policy of the United States, as originally inaugu­ blown up within 20 miles of Santiago. The .Fu1·m· and Pluton were destroyed l'ated, to pursue purely a domestic course and not to enter the within 4 miles of the port. Loss 1 killed and 2 wounded. · Enemy's loss probably several hundred from gunpowder explosions and field of territorial acquisition and aggrandizement. drowning. About 1,300 prisoners, including1 Admiral Cervera. The man Zachary Taylor, in his first annual message to the Senate and killed was George H. ElliS, chief yeoman of the Brooklyn. House of Representatives, December 4, 1849, said: SAMPSON. The position of the Sandwich Islands with reference to the territory of [Applause on the-floor and in the galleries.] the United States on the Pacific, the success of our persevering and benevo· Mr. ALLEN. President Pierce, in his inaugural address, lent citizens who have repaired to that remote quarter in Christianizing the ~arch 4, 1853, said: natives and inducing them to adopt a. system of government and laws suited to their capacity and wants, and the use made by our numerous whale ships The riJ;hts which belong to us as a nation are not alone to be regarded, but of the harbors of the islands as places of resort for obtaining refreshments those whtch pertain to every citizen in his Individual capacity, at home and and repairs all combine to render their destiny peculiarly interesting to us. abroad must be sacredly maintained. So long as he can discern every star It is our duty to encourage the authorities of those islands in their efforts to in its piace upon that ensign, without wealth to purchase for him preferment improve and elevate the moral and political condition of the inhabitants, and or title to secure for him place, it will be his privilege and must be his ac­ we should make reasonable allowances for the difficulties inseparable from knowledged right to stand unabashed, even in the presence of princes, with this task. We desire that the islands may maintain their independence and a proud consciousness that he is him elf one of a nation of sovereigns and that other nations should concur with us in this sentiment. We could in no that he can not in legitimate pursuit wander o:: o far from home that the event be indifferent to their passing under the dominion of any other power. agent whom he shall leavo behind in the place which I now occupy will not The principal commercial states have in this a common interest, and it is to see that no rude hand of power or tyrannical pas ion is laid upon him with be hoped that none of them will attempt to interpose obstacles to the entire imi>_unity. independence of the islands. He must realize that upon every sea and on every soil whe1·e our ente.t- 1898. CONG.RESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 6641 - - prise may rightfully seek the protection of on~ flag .American ci~izen~hip is Henry Labouchere, another friend of America, says in London an inviolable panoply for the security of AmeriCan.rtg:hts. And m this con­ Truth: nection it can hardly be necessary to .reaffirm a J?rillCiple wh1ch shou~d now be regarded as fundamenta!. The r1ght.s, secnr1~y, a:nd repos~ of. this Con­ What I would respectfully impress up_on A.mez:icans is that t?ey wil~ ma.ke federacy reject the idea of mterference or ~?Ollomzahon. It is with us as it is with a silly land owner who allows the tr.res r.nd weeds So Mr. Pierce, in his special message, May 15: 18<>6, said: to flourish in his fields and bends all his effor ts to his usele.>s r ocks and swamps. We who hold to the wise policy of Mr. Gladstone and of other of What is memorable in this respect in the conduct and policy of the Unite~ our departed leaders are sneeringly called "Little Englanders." Be warned, States is that while it would be easy for us to annex an~ ~;~obsor~ new te!"ri­ therefore, by the example of this country, my American friends. Be ready, tories in America as it is for European states to do this m As1a or Afr1ca, as I know you are, to defend the vast heritage that has accrued to you. But and while if done by us it might be justified as well on th.e al~eged ground of rest satisfied with It. Remain an example to the world that it is possible to the advantage which would accrue therefz:om ~o t_b.e terr1.tor1es annexa~ and be great and prosperous without grabbing, now on one pretext, now on absorbed, yet we have abstained. from domg 1t, m obedience to considera­ another, territory that is a source of weakness rather than of strength, and tions of right not less than of policy. without wasting your substance in armaments designed to defend and to James Buchanan, in his inaugural address, March 4,1857, said: increase these unremunerative acquisitions. Prof. James Bryce, one of the ablest European writers on the We ought to cnerish a sacred regard for the independence of all natio~s and never attempt to interfere in the domestic concerns of any u.nfess this principles of the American Government, said ina recent magazine shall be imuerativelr required by the grea.t law of self-_Preserva~on. To article: avoid entangling alliances has been a maxl;ID of our polic_:y ever smee the The argument most frequentlY. used in the United St.ates to recommend days of Washington and its wisdom no one will atte~pt to dispute.. In. sho!t, the annexation of Cuba and Hawaii is that their annexation would strengthen we ought to do justice in a kindly spirit to all nations and reqmre JUStice the strategic position of America by giving her two points of naval vantage­ from them in return. . . · b one commanding the Caribbean Sea and the other the eastern Pacific, thus It is our glory that whilst other nations have extended the1r dollllmons Y protecting her southern and western coasts. the sword, we have never acquired any territorY: exc.ept by fair purcJ;lase or, Cuba and Hawaii, in the hands of the United States, would be liable, at as in the case of Texas, by the voluntary determmation of a brave, kmdred, the outbreak of a war, to be seized by the fleet of any enemy stronger at and independent people to blend their d~stinies ~t.q our own. Even our acquisitions from Mexico form no exceptwn. Unwilling to take advantage sea; and the only way to prevent this would be for the Unitf?d States to maintain a fleet in the Pacific and another in the Gulf of Me~~o powerful of the fortune of war against a sister Repub~c, we l)Urcpased these PC?SSes· enou""h to defend both islands. Now, of course, the United btates can, if sions under the treaty of peace for a sum which was consi pose cuss that question now. We. are here to deal wit1L a far graver issue-to insist that a :war begun in the cause of humanity-shall not. be turned into a. after a time it will be said we must reach still farther east and war for emp1re; that an attempt to win torCubanstheright togovern.them­ get some islands to enable us to defend the Hawatian Islands, and se~ves shall ~ot be made an excuse for extending our sway over a.lierrp.eoples then some other islands and mainlands-to enable us tD defend Wit~ out thell' c~ent." It was .further declared that to seize any colony of Sp~ and: hold~~~ a.s our own, WI~hout the free consent of its people, is a.. vio­ them, and so on until we girdle the earth. - lation of the prmCiple. UJ>On which the Government rest:!, which we have Mr. President. we would have to-increase our Navy by pursu­ preached to the world for a century, and which we pledged ourselves to ing a policy of this kind to at least 100 if not 120 war vessels. It respect. wh~n. tha war was declared. 'lf1is voice of protest from New England agajnst a policy of imperialism, would mean an increase of the taxes to the people of the United agaanst a proposed course on the part of the United States distinctly hostile States of at least $200,000,000 a year, to say nothing about the to. our republ.iqan ststem and which would il;etita bly lead us into militarism, money we should be compelled to expend in erecting and arming With all that Implies, should find an echo m every auarter of tho nation. land fortifications. Thoughtful ~en., conserv~tive men:, patriotic men, shoUld ev~where within the boun~ne!>of ~h~ Umon.make themselves heard in explicit and unquali­ I have never yet heard in all the aTguments which have been ft~ terms pl. opposrtion to the demand that this war be made a war for em­ submitted in this Chamber, in anything that has been written or pll'e; that It s~ll be perverted from thEF humanitarian purpo a for which it spoken on the subject, one substantial reason in favor of this pro­ was declared ~to a.-war ot conquest and territorial aggrandizement:. Let those who realize the. dangerous character of: the ~ll-it-of imperialism not nosed annexation. There can be but one- motive that underlies delude thems!'llves with the i~ea ~ha~ left to itself 1t will not grow. The-ra 1t, and that is the motive, Mr. President, of enriching those who are powerful mfiuences fostermg tt-infiuences ;prompted by avarice and by have acquired the productive lands of the Hawaiian Islands, and ambition. for po'!er, co~ercia.La.n.d militarymftuences-and the force of these upon public sentiment must not be underrated. Against such in­ all that is to be done at the- expense of the American people. fiu~nc~ all who believe that the Repul)lic shOll.ld adhere to its· traditional Are we to consider the condition of the inhabitants of that coun­ poli~y ~auld array themselves at once. That is dictated by a wise and true try in determining whether or not we shall annex those islands? patriotism. No; our primary duty is to consider the effect of annexation on Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President--- the people of this country. Are we- prepared to lower our stand­ Mr. TURPIE. Will the honorable Senator from Nebraska ard of civilization? Are we prepared to supplement the- act of allow me to make a. suggestion to. the Chair? annexing the Hawaiian Islands by an act annexing the Philippines, The PRESIDING OFFICER (M1·. CA.Eio!i in the chair)r Does· annexing Cuba, annexing Puerto Rico and the other islands we the Senator-fr..omNebraska. yield to the Senator from Indiana? are capturing, and by that means precipitate into our civilization Ml'. ALLEN. I do. 15,000,000 Malays, Chinese, Japanese, and hamitic races, abso­ Mr. TURPIE. Mr. President, I have counted the Senators lutely incompetent to assume the duties and responsibilities of present in the Chamber and_ find that there aTe less tban...a quorum citizenship; and by that means, Mr. President, permitting all present. · · those millions to come to this country and minglewithour people The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Senatol' from Indiana makes without restraint? the point that a quorum of the Senate is not present. The Secre­ Once annex those islands to the United States and_ there is no tary will call the roll. power in Congress by legislation to prohibit the Malay of the The Secretary called the roll, and the following Senators an­ Philippine Islands from coming to South Dakota or Nebraska or swered to their names: New York; and, sir, they will come by the million to compete with Allen, Davis, Jones, Ark Pritclllrr the farmers and laborers of your State [Mr. KYLE in the chair] Allisoni Elkins, Jones, Nev. Proctor. · Bacon. Fairbanks, Kyle, Quay, and of my State. They will come to reduce the standard of civili­ Baker. Foraker, Lodge, Shoup, zation in all the occupations in this country among our legitimate Bate, Frye, McBride, Spooner, population. The Japanese cooly and his son will become farmers Berry, Gallinger, Mallory, Stewart, BunowS',. Gear, Mason, · Sullivan. in your State and in Nebraska, and they will lower th~ prices of Caffery, Gray, Mitchell, Teller, farm products there; and the Nebraska and South Dakota farmer Cannon, Hanna, Money, Thurston, . and his son must enter upon a ruinous competition with them in Clark, Hansbrough, Morgan, Turley, Clay, Harris-, Morrill, Turpie, the plice of farm products and in the price of wages. So, sir, the Cockrell; Hawley, Nelson, Warren, Japanese cooly's wife and daughter will become competitors with Cullom, Heitfeld, Penrose, W ellin!?ton the wife and daughter of the American citizen. The result will Daniel, Hoar, Perkins, Wilson~ ' be that our society can not ca.1-ry the load; civilization will stagger The PRESIDING OFFICER. Fifty-six Senators having· an~ under it; the standard will be lowered rather than elevated; and swered to their names, a quorum of the Senate is present. The out of it all will grow a landed peasantry with. a few thousand Senator from NebTaska will proceed. landlords, who will own_ millions of acres of our country. Mr. ALLEN. Mr~ Presiden.t, in_ the Omaha Bee,. under date of Sir, the people of this country are not blind to the situation. June 24., 181)8,- I find an editorial which I send to the desk and ask They can foresee it coming as plainly as can we. I am glad to to have read_ say that ont in the State of Nebraska., with the great newspapers The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Secretary will read as re­ of that State there is no division of sentiment; that Republicans, quested. Democrats, and Populists are agafnst annexation. The Omaha The Secretary read as follows: Bee is the greatest daily paper published between. Chicago and San Francisco. It has the largest circulation, no doubt. In its EFFECT ON-THE MmfROE DOCTRDi'Jr. "We can not a~ord to denounce and for bid all acquisitions of territory in issue of June 10 last it published an editorial which I send to the the Weste~ HemiSphere. by European gove. rnments, even at the peril of war, desk and ask the Secretary to read. and forthWith embark m a thus bedamned enterpxise ourselves. If we T.he PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. KYLE in the- chair). The would have ~uryet unstained doctrine respected by other , we must scrupu­ !ously pl'ac~e what we 1;1reach." If we do not want Em· ope to seize territory Secretary will read as requested. m this hermsphere, coD.SIStency demands tha.t we shall not seize tarritoryi:n The Secretary read as follows: the other hemispheres. Senator MoRRILL is not the- only man whose opinion should rcy weight nrP1mi.ALISM OR TERRITORIAL .A.GGR.A.ND~T-NOT .A W.A.B FOR and authority who holds this view. Soon a.fter the question of the occupa­ EMPIRE. tion of the Philippines was raised ex-Senator Edmunds pointed out that if Every voice that is raised in opposition to the spirit of imperialism that is the islands should be permanently held by t.he United States European aov­ being fostered in this country should receive the careful attention of the peo­ ernments might reasonably regard it as relieving them from an:y: obhga.tlon ple. The advocates of territorial aggrandizement ha-ve scored a victorv in to re pect the wishes of this country in regard to the we tern part of the the House of Representatives and are expecting to trinmph in the Senate.' If world. Ex-Secretary of State Olney a short time ago in a public address said they succeed, as see:m.s dangerously probable, in annexing Hawaii, it will that no doubt consistency requires that the conduct toward America which_ stimulate effort in favor of the permanent retention of conquered territory. America expects of Europe should be observed by America toward Europe, · We confidently believe that at this time a. large majority of our people are and th3t such reciprocal conduct is required of us not on.ly by consistency­ opposed to this policy. In order that this opposition shall not decline, those but b.Y both.princ1pal and ~xpedJ.enc:r. "The vital feature of the Monroe who would renounce the traditional policy of the nation and embark it upon dootrme, n said Mr. Olney, "Is that no European power shall forCl.'bly po a course -pregnant with difficulties a.nd dangers must be met and combate

1898. ._rOONGRESSIONAL REOORD-=-SENATE.-- 6643

no safeguard against the extension of the same species of contract slave Middle West that the Omaha Bee. occupies toward the Republican labor to the sugar industry in Louisiana and the cotton.flelds of the Southern party. It is .one of ~he oldest papeTs ~n the :~liS?ouri Valley, hav· States. ing a large circulation, and speaks With authot:tty.. I send to the It required more than twenty years of constant o"l'ganization, a.git~tion, and education to legislatively close the gates of our country t-o the Chinese. desk and ask to have the Secretary read an editonal taken from The wisdom of that legislation has- been demonstrated, until there are few, that paper of June 19, 1898. if any, who now advocate its repeal. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Secretary will read as ra. The annexation of Hawaii would, with.one stroke of the pen, obliterate that beneficent legislation and open wide our gates, which would threaten quested. an inundation of Mongolians to overwhelm the free laborers-of our country. The Secretary read as follows: The.annexation of Hawaii to the United States would be the admission of THE LESSON OF EXPE.RIEN? of the United. States ilf~ptrap. for =; century the United States lun~e 1Vlelded a potent infiuen~e m the a~a1r!' OJ. understood, as every man will understand, that the annexation of mankind. For a. century thetr influence has been growmg and Wl!lenmg, the Hawaiian Islands., with an ignorant and brutal populat:Wn of slowly but surely u.uderminin~ the foundation of thrones and sowmg the. seeds of religious and political liberty in the breasts of the peoples of all lands. about115,000,principallyChineseandJapanesecoolfusandnatives~ and all climes. Their commerce and trade have slowly but surely been would lead to the annexation of the Philippine Islands, Cuba, Puerto ramifying throughout the w.orld, and all other ~tiOID? hav~ co:ne to pay Rico, and all the possessions that maybe lost to Spain dul'ing the tribute to the genius of Americans. To talk of nat10nal1Solat10n m order to present war, and that would mean the sudden precipitation into bolster m> a policy of imperialism is to cast a stain u-pon the achievements of one hundred years in American history. The law of force has never ob­ our population of about 15,000,000 undesirable people. tained in American history. The influence and power of the United States What, under such circumstances, becomes of the policy ado-pted have been vested in example, not in mighty standing armies and overgrown by Congress of excluding the M"ongolians· from this hemisphel·e?.­ n f1:t ·of the roar of the beating surf of ambition that is .dashing ~ainst tp.e We will open the doors so that they can never again be closed; solid rocks_upon which the superstructure of the Republi!J was raiSed !>Y tne and it does not require a stretch of imagination to foresee the time· fathers will come tronb~. The founders of the Republic took warnmg by when the United States will be overrun, from New York to San the experience of nations t~at have been born and w~ have died, and thel founded a nation that they mtended should be a beacon light to the oppressed Francisco, with millions of Malays and other undesirable classes, of all lands-not an octopus that would reach out and gather in, whether or who can not be excluded. When this time does come, Mr. Presi'­ no, countries and races that would forever be- a burde~and an expense_. The dent, as I fear it will come, as I feel almost certain it will come, statesmanship of to-day that would overturn tlie WISdom and foresight of the statesmen of the early days of the Republic is a statesmanship to be if this policy is to be pursued,. there can be but one result, and feared and avoided. The statesmanship tba.t vents itself in schemes based that will be the comJ>lete overturning of the Government of the upon political corruption and which o~e its force to the well-inv~~d mil­ United States. It will pass from a Republic, which was framed lions of fat fried from corporations whicli demand returns upon thelr mvest­ ments is not the s~atesmanship w.hich laid tlie solid foundations of the Re­ by the founders, into an. oligarchy, if not into absolute monarchy public and erected in the wilderness of the Western world an altar upon itself. Those-of us who have been intrusted by sovereign States which the watch fires of ?berty sh~uld forever burn.. . . to represent our people in this Chamber can not liglltly contem· The situation confrontmg. the UmtedStates to-day IS fraught with danger. Radical and sudden changes from the basic principles of the Republic, made _plate consequences of that kind. We must understand that a in the heat of war, can have b~t one result. That result wil be ~urmoi1, fearful responsibility rests on us, and that if the institutions of the strife bickering, and heartburnmgs. But out of them may come m God's Government shall be overturned as- the result of this policy,. the good tune tile best for all. The Republic will live, but the new blood will be anathemas and the curses of. future generations wiU rest upon us, · a reincarnation of the blood which ~ed th~ ~ws of Valley Forge, and not a reincarnation of the gre.ed which 1S m~nif.est m the coun~ils of the ~e· as they ought. · public to-day. It is that manifest greed which IS to-day plungmg the nation Mr. Gompers canforegee the consequences to the labor interests upon the reefs which have wrecked many nations. of this country, just as Mr. Herbert Myrick, edi.-tor of the Amer­ Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President, Ron. Samuel Gompers, president ican Agriculturist and several other- agricultural journals: in the of the American Federation of Labor, understood the full force U'nited. StateB, foresees the consequences to the agriculturT...st-s of of the blow of annexation to the laboring interests of this country the country. Mr. Myrick is president of the Orange Judd Com· when he addressed a letter to the Hon. THOMAS B. REED, Speaker pany, editor of the American Agriculturist., of New York-, editor of the House of Representatives, which I send to the Secretary's of the Orange Judd Farmer, of Chicago, editor of the New Eng· desk and ask to have read. land Homestead, of Springfield, Mass., and in a recent letter to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Secretary will read as re- Hon. J. W. WADSWORTH, chairman of the House Committee on quested. Agriculture, Mr. Myrick states his views, which I will ask the The Secretary read as follows: Secretary to read. AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR, The Secretary read as follows: Washington, D. a., June 11,.1898. Hon. J. W. W ADSWOR"TH; DEAR Sm: Inasmuch as the Honse of Representatives has now under con­ ahainnan House Committee on ..tfgricultr.Lre, Washington, D. C. sideration a bill for the annexation of the Hawa:iian J¥ands .to .the United DEAR Sm: In the name of the farmers of America., nearly 1,000,000 of whom States, and since there are a number of ft;atures mvol~D:g prmCIIJles affect­ are our clients; we solemnly p-rotest against the policy of coloniza-tion which ing the working people of our cou.ntry m the propoSition to annex these it is proposed to inaugurate by annexing Hawaii. That policy would at once island I be~ to address you, and through you, the honorable the House of expose us to embroilment with other nations. It would vastly magni..~the ReJ?resentative as brietly as possible, summarizing a few of the ob.iections power and expense of our Army and Navy. It would perpetuate increased which prompted the deleg~tes to the convention of the American Fe~ra­ taxes. It woUld inaugurate an era of corruption in our foreign possessions, tion of Labor held at Nashville, Tenn.,Decemberl.5-21, 1897, to protest against a debasement of the l:ilood, that could not 1ail to in time affect the physical the annexation of Hawaii to the United States. and mental stamina of our people at home. It would be un-Amencan, un­ Of a population estimated at about 100,000, Hawa.ii contains about 50,000 wise, unconBti.tutional, and in results unworthy of the effort. contract slave laborers, made u-p as follows: On still hi~her grounds a colonial policy is objectionable. It would degen­ About 80 per cent Chinese and Japanese. e-rate the holiest war ever waged for humanity mto a cam-paign of conquest. About 20 per cent Portuguese from A.zore Islands and Sonth Sea Islanders. This would lower the United States before the world, but its moral effect Some of the features of the contracts under which these 50,000 laborers upon our own people would be still worse. Again, the more our people are work in Hawaii may be briefly stated hera. led to indorse the policy of expansion, the more will domestic interests- be 1. The terms of the contract usually run for seven years. neglected. Under such a policyno expense will be spared on Army an

brought only disast«:'r to the cotton planterifactor, manufacturer, or opera­ my countrymen. I should like to believe that tbe mass cheri$h the spirit of tive. Please bring this promptly to officia attention of the House before th~ Roman emperor who S!!.id he was ready to hear any man who had any­ vote is taken. Respectfully submitted in the farmers' behalf. thmg to say for the good of the State. HERBERT MYRICK, "I~agination ha-s i~s uses, but also !ts abuses. To some of us it presents President Omnge Judd Cornpanu, two ptctu.res of a.posstble. f~ture. It lS a choice between becomin~ a world Editor .American .Agricultu1·ist, of New Ym·k, power, With a mtghty miSSion fo:r good., and one with a mightf mlSsion for Editor Orange Judd Farmer, of Chicago, evil. To adC?pt the military role is to make ourselves one more o the oppress­ Editor New England Homestead, of Springfield. ors of mankind. Mr. ALLEN. Since the joint resolution has been before Con­ "Not a man a~o~g us, I ~hink, wishes that the island populations may be­ ~m~ o~r fellow·Cltizens .. :lf. we are not to add to the forces of our republican gress there has been held in the city of Boston, Mass., a meeting ~stitutwns by the acqmsttion of n~w populations, what motive have we? of very distinguished citizens of the Commonwealth of Massa­ .L he greed for land, the lust for dommat10n, the interests of trade or simply chusetts to protest against the wisdom and policy of annexation. a base for ~utnre milita:ry operations? What does that mean? Great heav­ ens! Has It come to this, that for the sake of placing ourselves in a position I do not recall exactly the date of the meeting, but it was held to carry on future wars we sacrifice the principles on which the Republic within a few weeks. I send to the desk and ask to have read the was founded? proceedings of the meeting. "Tbe military spirit and military caste are nourished by sucking tbc blood of the people, and they poison the blood of free institutions. We are asked The Secretary read as follows: to follow the example for four hundred years of the nations of Christendom In opening the meeting Mr. Bradford said: the conr~e the powers are following in taking portions of Asia and Afri~ "One hundred years ago our ancestors established that Constitution which and the lSlands of th.e sea. If we take the Philippines, we do it in precisely Mr. Gladstone has pronounced to be one of the most wonderful political in­ the same way as Spam took them. struments which ever sprang from the brain of man. Under it we have 'In principle we give up the republic. Whenever we undertake to govern enjoyed a. century of such prosperity as has ha1·dly ever fallen to the lot of other peoples as om· subjects, we run a serious risk of being governed at home a nation. It haB been a center of attraction to the eyes of all the world, by the same methods. · monarchy and aristocracy regarding it with fear and distrust, the nations "I think our sy~tem will.s~and any kind of strain so long as it is sound at with hope and rejoicing. A generation haB elapsed since the country, by a the center. But m the military system power passes down hill from the violent effort, threw off the disease of slavery, which it had been confidently many to the few. Once lost, we do not acquire it again except through an· predicted would destroy the Union. The Union, on the contrary, came out other century of struggling." stronEer and more prosperous than ever before. ~Ioorfield ~torey made a thoughtful speech, saying: "No such orgamzation of democracy had ever been seen in the world. We are not here to oppose the war or to throw any obstacle in the way The strain upon it had becomo tremendous. The one thing that seemed fatal of its SJ?9edy an~ s~ccessful torminatio~. We are here to deal with a far to our Government was foreign war, swamping all domestic questions with grave1'1:5sue-to ms1st tha~a war begun m the cause of humanity shall not be military excitement. 'rhe future welfare of 70,000,000 people and of institu­ turned mto a war for empire; that an attempt to win for Cubans the right tions on which the fate of the world might be said to depend should not be to govern themselves shall not be made an excuse for extending our sway sacrificed for the uncertain relief of 1,000,000 of a different race and under a over alien people without their consent. different government. "The fundamental principles of our Government are at st-ake. • Fourscore "The war exists, however, and it is the duty of every citizen to support and ten years ago,' said Lincoln at Gettysburg, 'our fathers bronooht forth the Government. It may be asked, why talk about peace when tho war has upon t~ continent a new nation conceived in liberty and dedica~d to the hardly begun? There can be no doubt that the sole motive of the war was not propoSltiOn that all men are created equal,' and no utterance of man has beon humanity. P:Piva.te interests seekin~ after gain, politicians striving to keep more cordially approved by us all than the immortal speech which begins themselves in power, and imaginations thirsting after military and naval thus. ,Whe~ that n~tion W2f born our fathers declared, as the very breath glory_had a large share. of the mfant s nostrils, that governments derive theil' just powers t'rom the "What of the future? The fourth of the resolutions which Congress passed consent of the governed,' and 'whenever any form o! government becomes in the small hours of the morning of April 19 expressly renounced all desire destru~tiv~ of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it or intention of retaining possession of Cuba. To go back on that would bring and to mst1tute new ~overnment.' upon us the scorn and contempt of the world. It would seem absurd to retain "Now a brilliant VIctor:y over a hostile fleet has turned our heacls. Men Puerto Rico without Cuba. If we do either, Spain will have provided, in re­ P!Opose to add Puerto Rico, the Philippine Islands, the Ladrones, the Cana­ taliation for the harm we may do her, a revenge as bitter as eveu a Spanish ries, and every other colony of Spain to ou:r territories, and to embark in a heart can desire. But that is a trifle compared with the Philippine Islands. career of foreign conquest. It is even suggested that we seize the Hawaiian We are dispatching a considerable army to take :possession, which will need Islands, a friendly state, as a war measure. to be multiplied many times before we complete It. The forces at Washing· '·No graver danger ever confronted us. Why should Cuba have a right to ton are working hard under the lead, it is reported, of the junior Senator free.dom and self-~overnmE!nt apd the millions in the Philippine Islands be from Massachusetts to enforce the permanence of that possession. demed the same rtght? It IS satd that the people of these islands are unfit "When a war with Sp:rin was wanted, 1 commercialism' was hooted at and for self-governme~~ Are the ~eople o~ Puerto Rico less fit than those of despised. Now that the Philippines are wanted, the advantages to commerce Cuba, or are the CitiZens of Manila mfel'lor to those of Santiago? Are either are worked for more than they are worth. Is Congress so successful in the les~ fit t~~n w~re, the slave~ to wh~m we gave the ballot thirty years ago? management of our domestic affairs that we can afford to burden it with the Bu tit lS satd, We need.mdemmty I' Can we ex.act our expenses from the government of 10,000,000 of Orientals on the other side of the world? It seems enslaved people whom we mterfered to help? Is Puerto Rico more indebted certain that those Eastern seas are to become a gigantic arena of strife for to us thau Cuba? . the nations of Europe and Asia. When Germany took Alsace and Lorraine "We not only abandon the boasted Monroe doctrine; we not only disre­ in 1870, it meant that she should remain armed to the teeth for two hundred ~ard that wise policy of nonintervention in European troubles which Wash­ years to come. They have already cost many times more than they are mgton preached and which until now we have followed; we become a. military worth from the material, not to mention the moral, side. With these islands p~wer, bur~en~d with a standing a.rmy and an enormous navy, threatened we must keep our coast fortified from Oregon to New Brunswick, at a cost Wlth.complications thousands of mil~s a~ay and exposed to constant appre­ which the inlagination reels to contemflate. We must have by the hundreds he~wn. We ~ke up tpe burden whtch lS crushing Europe. those marine monstersl the first cost o each of which would keep the poor of Our taxation must mcrease, our currency become more disordered and a great city in comfort ror a year. We must have an immense stand.ing army. worse than all, the corruption which threatens us can not fail to spread' And so to a population, bowed down with debt and taxes beyond what any When we undertake to govern subject people separated from us bv half the nation has ever felt, would come that la-st of human miseries, an enforced world, let us remember ho.w we despoiled the Indians and how impossible it military conscription. bas been to keep that serviCe purE!. Such a system means a great increase of "The clergy of this country have shown of late a painfully defective sense wea1 than~ f~esh fields for corrupt~on. I~ means not only imperialism abroad of proportion. For the doubtful chance of raising the condition of some no but rmpenal.tsm at h~me. For an rmperlal system the concentrated power of doubt very wretched people, they are willing to risk infinite disaster to the an emperor lS essential. Let us once govern any considerable body of mon people of the United States. without their consent and it is but a question of time how soon this Republic "In the name of the Pilgrims who planted at Plymouth the seeds of civil shares the fate of Rome." and religious liberty; in the name of Washington, who, after leading us George E. McNeill, speaking for the laboring interests said· through the war of mdependence and seeing the Constitution launched in "As l<>'yal ~it~ens we pledge our lives, fortunes, and 'honor 'to the princi· full glory, left us that noble legacy of warning which has never had a deeper plea and mstitutwns bequeathed us. meaning than to·dayh· in the name of the martyred Lincoln, who sealed with " The. change proposed by our imperialist partisans will necessitate a his blood the work e has done; in the name of humanity, whose fate is chan~e m our own form of government. It is impossible to control those bound up with our institutions, I appeal to the people of Massachru;etts to coloil;Ie!'l otherwise. Ch~ap .labor from China nece sitated prohibition, and protest against this rush of reckless and unbridled ambition." now It~ pr~posed to brmg m ~undreds of thousands not by immigration or Mr. Bradford read a telegram from Clarence lil.ske, saying that a death naturalizatiOn, but by annexatiOn. would prevent John Fiske, of Harvard, from being present. . "The A;merican Fede:r:ation of Labor, the most conservative and conserv­ These resolutions were then read: Ing force m the Republic to-day, met at ~ashville in December and unani­ "Resolved, That a war begun as an 'unselfish endeavor to fulfill a duty to mously adopte!l resolutions against the aunexation of Hawaii. I believe I humanity by ending' the unhappy situation in Cuba must not be perverted express the mmds of a. g,reat tpajority of unionists when I protest against into a war of conquest; · anr, and every system of 1mpenal government. "That any annexation of territory as a result of this war would be a vio· 'This policy means to the wage workers a large stan din~ army. Are there lationof the national faith, pledged in the joint resolution of Congress, which more ~iberty,higherwages, shorter hours, and better conditions in Germany declared that the United States disclaimed any dispogjtion or intention to Austr1~, Italy, and France because of their standing armies? It means the exercise sovereignty,jurisdiction, or control over Cuba except for the pacifi· rednctwn of wages and increased cost of li>ing. Low wages mean low civ­ cation thereof, a. disclaimer which was intended to mean that this country ilization. An~~xation ~eans an increase f? officeholders; the grabbing of had no selfish purpose in making war, and which, in spirit, applies to every power b:y; political parties; the stren~thenmg of .the speculative industrial other possession of Spain; monstrosities that are to-day devoul'lllg enterpr1se; the turning the atten· "That the mission of the United States is to help the world by an example tion of the Government from homo problems. of successful self-government, and that to abandon the prinCiples and the ''I have no fear of the result. I am a Democrat of the Sam Adams school policy under which we have prospered and embraced the doctrines and prac· who believes in the American people, an,d when the glamour of war has tices now called imperial~ is to enter the path which, with other great re· ceased they will reciill the great deeds and great men of the past." publics, has ended in the aownfa.ll of free institutions; and "That our first ~uty is to cure the evils in our _own country, the corrupt Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President, the press of the country has spoken government, of which New York and Pennsylvama afford only conspicuous examples, the disturbed relations between labor and capital, our disordered quite freely on the subject of annexation and in opposition to it. currency, our unjust system of taxation, the debasing ilifluence of money at I send to the desk and ask to have read extracts from the editorial elections and on legislation, and the use"of offices as spoils; and when we have columns of the various papers referred to. shown that we can :Qrotect the rights of men within our own borders like the Mr. MASON. Mr. President, I desire to inquire who has the colored race at the South and the Indians in the West, and that we can gov· ern ~eat cities like New York. Philadelphia, and Chicago, it will be time to floor? conSider whether we can wisely invite distant populations of alien race and The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. KYLE in the chair). The language and of traditions unlike our own to become our subjects and accept Secretary is reading matter sent to the desk by the Senator from our rule or our fellow-eitizens and take part in governing us." The Rev. Charles G. Ames, the next speaker, said: Nebraska [Mr. ALLEN] to be read. uz desire to be just and would gladly be generous to the motives of all of Mr. ALLEN. The senior Senator from Nebraska has the floor. 1898. CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-SENATE. 6645

Mr. MASON. May I be permitted to interrupt you for one He might have said that our Governp.1ent of the United States moment? itself is nearly the only one in the world jn which the majority Mr. ALLEN. I yield to the Senator. does not rule. But if that be true, it is because the Constitution, Mr. MASON. Mr. President, I promised the Senate that I evolved out of the wisdom of ages, made it so. would devote one or two minutes each day, being as brief as pos­ We have often had Presidents of the United States elected by a sible, in calling the attention of the Senate and the people of the minority of the people of the United States. The distinguished countl·y to the fossilized debating society now transacting busi­ President of the United States who came from the State now so ness under the name and style of the United States Senate, the ably represented by the Senator from Illinois was elected to that only parliamentary body in the world where the minority is the great office by a minority" of the people of the United States, boss, the only parliamentary body in the world where the majority and yet, sir, he had just as honorable and just as clear a title to can not gc.vern, the only body in the world where there is no such that office as any other President who ever ruled this nation. thing as an ending of eternal talk. The last President elected in the United States representing the I call attention again at this particular time to the reason. Al­ party of which the Senator from Illinois is so distinguished a though the country may express itself with practical unanimity member, saving the President who is now at the head of the Govern­ upon any given question, and although the House of Representa­ ment, was elected by a minority of the people of the United States, tives may unanimously pass a given proposition, yet if there be a and yet I never heard, either upon this floor or anywhere else, a live and energetic minority in this body they can actually stop complaint from any member of that party that their President the transaction of public business by this eternal talk and read­ was chosen by a minority of the people. ing clippings from newspapers, as the distinguished Senator has The Constitution made this great fabric of government to pro­ done, sending them to the Clerk's desk to be read. tect minorities. The reason why our Government has been so It is known as the kid-glove filibuster. The gentleman engaged successful, rising to the expectations and to the hopes of its found­ in it, instead of having the frankness that ought to characterize ers, is because the right of a single individual, however humble, everyman in this business, says: "I am not filibustering. I sim­ is consecrated and defended by law, and the rights of minorities ply wish to be heard for a year or two upon this question." I wish are protected by law. the Senate and the people to understand, if there are any of them In the conduct of our affairs with foreign nations this is created who do not understand, that it is known as a filibuster and is ac­ by the Constitution a body in which a minority is forbidden to tually a filibuster: that it means that the minority of this body do rule. It requires two-thirds of this body to make a treaty with not intend that the majority of the body shall transact the busi­ any foreign nation. Why? Because we have a complicated form ness of the Government. of government, imperium in imperio, e pluribus unum, one com­ In this connection, I wish to say that I do not blame the Senator posed of many, and it was the judgment of the framers of the who now has the floor, who has kindly yielded me a moment of Constituton that that great route step march of government rather his time, his time being very precious. Under the rules, having than the mathematical abstractions of uniformity would succeed once received the floor, he can only talk up to the last moment of in the long run in having the wise introducing the wisest results. the t;ime when his- term of service expires. I think if I had not I do not think, Mr. President, if I may be permitted to express interrupted him he might have gone on until the 4th of March, an opinion, that the min01ity of this body have been filibustering 1903. I am not blaming him or scolding him. I am simply call­ or are now filibustering upon this question of Hawaiian annexa­ ing attention to the fact that the very distinguished Senators who tion. I do not think it is filibustering for gentlemen to state their are now asking us to stay here and vote are the very men who are own views deliberately, fully, and to lay before the Senate by to blame for this rule. For years and years it has been suggested reading the deliberate views of eminent publicists who are study­ that there ought to be a time in a representative body when we ing this question. can vote, and the very men who are now complaining of this kid­ This is a question of the first dignity. It is proposed to intro­ glove filibuster are the men who when the time comes will vote duce a new member into the great family of the American people. against changing the rule. The reason is that they themselves It is a step which, once taken, can never or will never be recalled. are sometimes in the minority and they want to control the busi­ What are the few days or the few hours which we spend here in ness of this Government. de bate compared to that great, boundless future that lies before us? Oh, but some of my friends say there comes a time when the And what necessity, Mr. President. is there for anyone to desire minority has done a great thing for the people by opening long to curtail the privileges of his colleague, representing a State, discussions, and has frequently prevented the passage of unwise standing for no little community, but standing for the dignity and legislation. Then, Mr. President, we ought to change our form the welfare and the permanent fortune of a great Commonwealth, of government and make it a government of minorities and not a from taking such time as he may think fit to lay his views before government of majorities. the public in the United States? What is a month, what are two Everything is supposed to be governed by the majority of this months, what are six months, in the life of a great nation dedicated country. When election day comes we have had our time to pre­ to immortality, as we fain would hope, but a triviality compared pare ourselves to vote. We go and vote, and the majority settles to the momentous, far-reaching question which we have before us? the question for that time. In legislative bodies everywhere else I do not want to see filibustering in this body, Mr. President, except here the majority has the rule. Even in our court of last but I do want to see the Senate, whenever it pleases, exercise the resort, the Supreme Court of the United States, a majority opinion freest, fullest, unmeasured right of debate. I have never within makE:ls the law; and a majority opinion of next year wipes off the the tenor twelve years I have had thehonorto be an humble mem­ decisions and opinions of the majority of last year. It will not ber of this great body seen any measure defeated that in another do to say to the people of this country that this is the only body year all were not glad that it was defeated by the efforts of a where the minority is wiser and more to be trusted with the affairs minority. If it is the deliberate and determined sense of the Sen­ of the Government than the majority. ate of the United States to annex the Hawaiian Island.3 to this Mr. President, I have taken nearly two minutes of the valuable Government, no one is going to prevent it from doing it. It may time that ought to have been given. I am much obliged to the be thatwhen others are speaking time may hang heavily upon our Senator from Nebraska. I am sorry to have interrupted the in­ hands occasionally, but the gentleman who is inconvenienced to­ teresting reading that now fills the RECORD. But I call his at­ day by the exercise of that great privilege on the part of another tention, and the attention of the people, and the attention of the may_be the one to-m?rrowwho will be under pressure and urgency Senate, to the fact that you can not blindfold the people upon this of cll'cumstance wh1ch may make him desire the same liberty in question much longer. State and national conventions· will de­ himself. . mand of the people who come here and draw the people's salary I believe that the free debate in the Senate of the United States that they shall amend the rules so that the Government's busi­ is the very crowning glory of this great institution. There is no ness can be transacted, and that the majority in the Senate, like privilege of liberty that some man somewhere at some time will the majority of the people, shall dictate the policy of the Govern­ not abuse. There is no gift of Providence or of nature that may ment of the United States. not be abused. But there is none which this great body has pre­ Mr. DANmL rose. served to itself, whether it may have been abused at one time or Mr. ALLEN. I yield to the Senator from Virginia. another, which is so essential, in my judgment, to the preservation Mr. DANIEL. Mr. President, I do not perceive that gentlemen of its utility to all the people of this country and to all of the are shortening this debate by interjecting other important sub­ States which its members so honorably represent. We should re­ jects in the course of it. For my own part, I have said nothing member that as populations increase, as great interests are mag­ since the debate commenced. I have not felt called upon to utter nified, there is less and less opportunity for the complaints of the those views which have been so much better e~--pressed by other great mass of the people to be fully heard. The mass of business, gentlemen. • the emergency for action, crowd out every opportunity of hearing But it seems to me, sir, that the honorable Senator from illinois the great mass of minor matters, and sometimes many important does not truly reflect in his remarks the character of this body matters, which, were they heard, would have that response made nor the character of this Government. He speaks of this body as to them which wisdom and good judgment would suggest. the only one in the world in which the majority does not rule. The legislatures of the world are crowded with business. The 6646 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. J·uLY 4,

House of Bepresentatives is suffocated and drowned with ~he in the world .except this body where, after they have given the enormity of its business. "But it has come to pass (I am notgomg minority a fair chance to express themselves, a majority may not into the question how) that this single body, composed of less than have a vote. 100 members, is the only body representing the whole United The Senator says that in the fullness of time we are to have a States and legislating for the destinies of 75,000,000 people in vote upon this question. It may be in the fullness- of time, but which they are assured that they may have some one to state the suspicion dwells in my mind that it will be in the dawning of freely the views of his own people at length upon any question. eternity. I have no suggestion or hope or expectation of ever hav- Sympathizingwith the honorable Senator from illinois in many ing a vote upon this question under the present rules. The mi­ of his views, I have been compelled to dissent from those which nority do not intend that we shall have a vote, and the majority he has stated this morning; and it is my belief, Mr. President, do not intend that we shall adjourn. We are in that beautiful sit­ that when that honorable Senator has had larger experience in uation. We are in a position where all the world sees that we are this body, when he has shared in it the vicissitudes of fortune endeavoring to transact public business and are absolutely unable which must come to all who are long members here, he will modify to do so. his views, and in the not distant future I should not be at all sur· I have no desire in the suggestion I make to cut off debate, ex­ prised to hear him announce that his experience in affairs here cept to provide that there must come a time under our rules, after had made him a convert to that doctrine which the Senate for each Senator has expressed himself for or against a measure, that over a hundred years has jealously guarded, and which it has up we shall have a vote. Under the present rules he may take his to this time preserved, of absolute free debate. turn and express himself again and again, and the individual Sen- Jt is one hundred and twenty-two years to-day, Mr. President, ator, according to the suggestion of the learned Senator who has since we became a free and independent people. It is over one just taken his seat, must be the judge as to whether he is trans­ hundred years since this body has fulfilled its functions as a legis- gressing the rules of propriety, whether he is doing the thing he lative, as an executive, and as a treaty-making body on the part ought not to do. That is not the rule in any other deliberative of the United States, and I venture to say that the Senator from body in the world. The rule should be personal liberty, not license; illinois can not to-day, in reviewing that long track of constitu- personal rights, but not the right to intrude your opinions at such tional history, point to a single case in which the people of this length and with such repetition as shall delay the transaction of country have been injured, in which wise and healthfullegisla- public business. tion was defeated, or in which any great inconvenience was suf- But when you speak about prodding the minority, I am not. I fered by the preservation here of absolutely free debate. It has rather like filibustering. I respect men who filibuster, but I like made the Senate a body, Mr. President, the best fitted to guard to have them say so. I am not saying that the Senator is indulg­ the rights, the liberties, and the fortunes of the American people ing in anything of that kind. that the wit of man could possibly devise. It is wise to stand in JH.r. ALLEN. What would the Senator call a filibuster? the ancient way unless ·some wrong appears which can not be Mr. MASON. Well, I have been somewhat in the business my- corrected by standing in the ancient way. No such wrong has self. appeared. Mr. ALLEN. I have no doubt of it. I do not believe that the honorable gentlemen who are taking Mr. MASON. It is when we set our mouths going and leave- part so actively in this debate have abused their privileges here. them a week or two without any intellectual or physical exer­ They are speaking upon a subject in which their people and they cise. [Laughter.l themselves have great concern and deep conviction. There is ~fr. ALLEN. 'rhe Senator from illinois is cel'tainly an expert only one man here for a million constituents, and so small a in that line. mouthpiece, so tremendous a volume of force, of public thought, Mr. MASON. Certain1y; and I do not deny it. I have filibus­ and feeling ought not to be "cabined, cribbed, confined," and tered,andihaveledafilibuster; butiamnotes1)ecia.llyiJiou.d.of overrun or overwhelmed in the exercise of what he thinks to be it. But when I lead a filibuster in this Senate, I shall announce his proper action by the mere transient inconvenience of one m· that it is a filibuster, so that there will be no misunderstanding of many. between me and my colleagues. I am not blaming the Senator. I hope, Mr. President, that this debate may go on until every I am simply saying that the very men who are finding fault with gentleman in this Chamber who desires to speak has had full and you are the very men who will n-ot give usa chance to amend the fair opportunity to do so, and each man being his own judge, as rules so that the majority can transact business. ·tle ought to be, and each man deferring to the judgment and to Mr. ALLEN. 1 think I will cut off this debate. the convenience of others, as he ought to defer, I have no doubt Mr. MASON. You need not sofaraslam concerned, for I have then a vote will be taken, and that in the fullness of time that will finished. I am very much obliged to the Senator, however. happen which to those who are conducting it may seem good, Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President, I regret that I should have given but the minority ought not to be prodded here, it ought not to be way for the interjection of a discussion which has no relation taunted here, it ought to have its rights fairly and fully recog- whatever to the subject before the Senate; but I may be permitted nized here, as I ·have no doubt they will be; and we should wait to say to the Sena~or from Illinois-I trust without any offense to with patience upon an event so vast, so comprehensive, so far- him-that from his alignment on this question I should think .six reaching-upon an event which, if it be a mistake, can not be · or eight months' debate were absolutely nece sary. undone. Mr. MASON. For what? Mr. MASON. May 1 interrupt the Senator a moment? Mr. ALLEN. To convince the Senator from Illinois of the The_PRESIDING OFFICER. Does fue Senator from Nebraska · error of his ways. yield to the Senator from illinois? Mr. MASON. You are entitled to six or eight months. There Mr. ALLEN. I yield to the Senator. is nothing to stop you. Mr. :MASON. Mr. President, I think the Senator from Vll'ginia Mr. ALLEN. I came into this Chamber with quite as much fully understands that I have no desire to override the minority. effervescence and determination to change the rules as did the Under the amendments to the rules which have ·been suggested Senator from illinois. I introduced a proposed amendment tothe by the Senator from .M..assa.chuse~ and under every .suggestion rule w¥-ch wo~1d cut o!f debate. I had been used all my life to which I have bad the honor of making, we have contemplated the · tr:.nsacting busmess rap1dly, and I could not for the first yeaT and giving to each Senator from one to two hours' debate, or longer a half or two years of my stay here understand why so much time jf he desires, in which to make a few feeble I'emarks on the side was taken in the consideration of public questions. But I never of the question in which he shall be .int~rested. heard frC?m !flY Jlroposed amendment to_ the rules, and the Senator But suppose the Senator's suggestwn IS correct that the Senate from llimms has never heard from h1B, and he never wi1l hear lB founded upon the principle that the minority, and not the ma- from it. It is quite likely the rnles of the Senate will go on for jority, should govern; suppose that in the coming election, when the next hundred years as they have fo1· the last one hundred and there are two candidates in the field and a time is fi...'{ed for voting, eight or one hundred and ten years, without any particular change, the people who fear they can not carry the election should ask to and the pubtic business will be transacted in a respectable and have six months longer in which to debate the silver question or orderly and timely manner. the tariff question, the whole theory of the Government being .Mr. TURPIE. Mr. President-- that there must come a time when the people shall somehow ex· The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does theSenatorfromNebraska press themselves and determine th.e questions before them. yield to the Senator fromlndiana? The suggestion made by the learned Senator that Presidents are Mr. ALLEN. I yield to the Senator. elected by minorities is not couect. If it is a minority of indi- Mr. TURPIE. Mr. President, I wish to state the hlstory of the vidual electors, yes; but it is a majority of the electoral college rule of the Senate now in question. The Senate, like the House that controls the choice of President according to the Constitu- of Rep1·esentatives, had both the pl"evious question and the main tion. The wisdom of that haa been sometimes questioned by very question, similar parliamentary overtures, until the year 1 .00. In wise men and very learned and pab·iotic men. Eo that the sug- tOO year 1806 after -full debate upon the merits! ::md especially gestionjs not at all ge!'mane to this discussion. upon the-parliamentary origin of the cloture, and with db.'ectTef- I say again and again you can n_ot point to any legislative body erence to the transaction of what is called the bnsiness of the '

1898. A:iJ CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-SENATR 6647

Senate-which is primarily ~t of deliberati?n, not pa~sin~ bills, which is a portion of the rnles of this body, and I find on page 91 not enacting la.ws-they abC?Iish~d the prevmns _question -m the the following: Senate, while at the same time it was retained m the House of No one is to speak impertinently or beside the question, superfluous, or Representatives. . . tediously. Since the year 1806 we have had m the Senatenoprev10usques- Mr. President, if that rule were invoked and put in force in this tion and no method of cloture. We could not have under the rule. body, we would ..not have these long, tiresome, tedious debates, The rule expressed the will of the majority. It has now since much of which has no·more reference to the question under dis- 1806. It is the will of the majority which prevents the cloture; it cussion than if a Senator should read the a1manac of last year. is the will of the majority to whlch we defer in obeying the rule; .Mr. LINDSAY. I will ask the Senator whether he l1as heard it is the will of the majority which preserves in this body the last those debates which he has now pronounced tedious, uninteresting, Tefuge of a minority and, it may be, the last refuge of political lib- and drill, or whether he has deserted the Senate Chamber to avoid erty of debate in the wodd. Until the rule is changed it is the hearing-them? will of the majority and as such governs this body. Mr. GALLINGER. The Senator from Kentucky evidently has :Mr. GALLINGER. Before the Senator from Jndiana f]!r. not been loolring in this direction. I have been a pretty punctual TURPIE] takes his seat, with the permission of the Senator ixom attendant. Nebraska [Mr. ALLEN], I will say that we are entitled now to a I turn to page108 of Jefferson's Manual, and I find: membership in this body of ninety. Will the Senator from Indiana A member has not a .right to read a paper in llis place, if it be objected to, be kind enough to state for my -persona1 information what the without leave of the House. But this rigor is never exercised o ut where of membership of this body was in 1806, when that rule was adopted? there is an intentional or gross abuse the time and patien(}e1 of the House. 1\Ir. TURPIE. The membership of the body in 1806 was 26, I Furthermore, Jefferson says: think. . A~ember has not a ri~ even to read his own speecl?-, committed to wrifi. Ml.·. GALLINGER. Does not the Senator think that rules mg, Without leave. This IS also to prevent an abuse of time, and therefore is which were applicable to a body of 26 may be very inapplicable not refused but wherei:hat is intended. to a body of 90? That is, where an abuse of time is intended. 1 am not sure, as Mr. TURPIE. Not at all. 1 will ask the bonorable Senator I said before, that we have not rules enough now if thQy were in­ from New Ham-pshire to note-that the rule was adopted after de- voked and put in force; but inasmuch as they never are put in liberate debate and after an examination of the parliamentary force, I .stand, after a service of seven years, where I stood after laws extant at that time, and especially the precedents of the Ro- a service of seven days, in favor of amending these rules. I have man senate, to which I have alluded. The Roman -senate, which sent to the Committee on Rules about ten amendments, and I pre­ re em bled this body more than any other -that ever existed, never sume those amendments are pigeonholed in that committee some­ had a cloture, always resisted the cloture, and when Cato the where. They have not been reported favorably or unfavorably, Younger rose and proceeded evidently, in -the language of -the r-e· and I feel like ~ntering, as I have done once or twice before, a porter, to waste the night in useless debate, and th-e consul, Julius protest against a committee doing business in that way. Ibelie\e Cresar-a military character of whom Senators have doubtless they ought to report back proposed amendments eitber favorably heard-sitting in the chair, anxious for the passage of the bill or unfavorably, and let the Senate act upon them. pending before the senate, ordered his arrest, the whole senate rose I trust that in the near future, not, of course, during this de­ to their feet and offered to go to prison with him rather than to bate-1 hope this debate will end some time; that is my hope and abandon a rule against cloture, rather than toiimit-thefreedom of faint bel.ief-1 hope in the future, perhaps during thtl next Con­ debate which had for centuries prevailed in-that body. The con- gress, we may have an opportunity to vote upon an amendment sulrescinded his order and the debate proceeded. to these rules. Of course the Senator from Virginia [Mr. DANIEL] Every yeaT since 1806, when we had 30 members, when we had will voteagainstit,aswilltheSenatorfromNebraska (Mr.ALLrn], 40 members, when we had 50 members, npfu the last admission but the Senator .from illinois !;Mr. MASON] and I will vote for a of the latest Btate and the last additional membership to this body, new eode of rules in someiespec.t-s, and we will see what the rna­ that rule bas prevailed; that rule has received the approval of the jority of the Senate believe about this question; whether they majority; that rule is yet the will of the majority; and the 90 think it 1s wise to continue under this .code of rules, which has members who now compose this body in that rnle represent the existed ~ce 180~, when we, had a small Senate, and put in the will and obey the will of the majority in observing it; and a com- hands of SlX ~r eJght men ~ne pow~r to ke~p fifty ~en-:-I do not parison of numbers between the numbers of the Senate in 1806 say that that IS the proportion on this _questiOn, b~t It _nnght be­ and the numbers of the Senate in 1898 is no argum-ent, not-even the power-to keep fifty .men h~re f~r su~onths hstenmg t_o a ~e­ the remotest argument against the rule confirmed now by ninetv · bate that, to some of us certainly, IS tedious and much of It w1th years of usage and ass~t. - · no relevancy whatever to the question that ~s _under discussion. Mr. GALLINGER. With the -permission of the Senator from .1 thank the:f3enatorirom Nebraslmfor g1vmg me an opportu- Nebraska-- n1ty to say thiB111nc~. The PRESIDING OFFICER. DoestheSenatoriromNebraska Mr. TURPIE. With the com:tesy of the nonorable Senator yield to the-Senator from New Hampshire? ~om Nebraska JMr. ALLEN], I WISh to correct a statement made M ALLEN y . I d ~n my remarks m reference to the number of Senators in 1806. r.· · es, li 0 j tt of hist t t k There were 32 members at the time when the previous question M1. DANJ;EL. As a tt ~:ma. er ory, 1·wan ° ~ my was abolished in fhe Senate, and the _propoTtion of the ininority ho~ora~le fnend from Ind111na. if there were not 16 States m the to the .majority might have been as great as or even greater than Umon m 1806 and 32 members m the Senate? , the one now existing here or at any other time when there was Mr. TURPIE. That may be; I do not recollect. an overture pending for action. Mr. DANIEL. There were 1~ Stat:es. v~rmo_nt, Kentucky, I wish to allude to one great formative reason for the abolish- and Tennessee had t~ been admitted ~to ~he Umon. 9. me?t of the previous quest~ on in this boay. Not only then was it Mr. TURPIE. I think the ~natar IS nght. There were 3..., -sertous1y debated, but I think all experience .has .approved of the members of the Senate at that ~e. . . . action of its abolishment, for it will be recollected that then the Mr. ~AL~ING~R. ~r. _President, 1 have no diSpoSI?on to cloture was a thing very much unknown. Jt did not prevail in ~!!gage m a discussiOn which 1s not germane or to prolong :h1s ques~ ~e Rouse of Commons ~ntil ve;ry .recently; it did not prevail ~Ion as to the rules. I ha-ppe~ to~ one of those who, aft.._r aserv- m the Chamber of Deputies until recent years. The cloture as Iceof~evenyears-a!'"eryshortsel'Vlce,ofcourse-havenotchanged established, with .all its inhibitions and accompaniments-they ~y ..mmd from the VIews 1 held the first day I came here; and that are very delicate and very difficult-amonnts substantially .aJmos.t IS, tl}atthese rules ought to be chiUl~ed, .and ~hat we ought to have to our own rule-unlimited freedom of debate. ~he power to close ~ebate at some t1me m thiS body .. I should be .But the consideration here in 1806 was with Ieference to the m favor _of .a very liberal r~e, npt, ho~ever, so strmgent a rule duties of the _position whlch your .honor [Mr. KYLE in the chair] as prevails .m most other leglSlative bodies. is..now oocnpying. Tam glad the .regular occupant of the chair is Mr. Pres1dent, I do not know :why we .should haye rules here _not .now in it, the Vice-President of the United States, who, by that a1low us to debate a quest10n forever. For mstance, the the Con.%itution, becomes the Presiding Officer of this body. So Senator from South ~akota fMr. P.ETTIGR~] pas .talked abo~ long .as nnlimit.ed debate is allowed, he has no possible temptation three ~ays,. and he .has inform~d us t~at h~ IS go~g to talk agam ±o be otherwise than fair in -recognition and "just in distribution ~ome tim~ I? the future on thiS question. My friend the f?e~ator of the time and opportunity of debate. from Loms1ana ~r. Cf.FFERY], who alwa~ talks e~tertammgly On the contrary, .his own repute, his own character as an offi­ -an~ well, has pnn~d. m the RECORD of t~IS mommg forty-five cer, hisllistoric repntation..as a presiding officer of the.Senate ana _solid pages, mostof _It m very sma.ll type, which wou1d ~e. about asVice-President of the U nit.ea States, is depen.den t upon the entil·e 180 page~ of an nr~ary book, .and I un~ersta~d he .lS gomg to fairness and disinterest-edness with which:he discharges the func­ talk agam and enhghten us further on thiS subject. . j _tions. ?f the Chair. _But the _moment, under whatever possible J: am not sure that we have nut rules enough now to accomplish canllit10ns,you make.a Cloture, i.h.e moment yon establish a limita­ the purpose of limiting debate. I turn ·to Jefferson's Manual, 1 .tion,ihe moment yon !lllt off fue time, the .moment y__o.u prohibit '

6648 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JULY 4, · debate in advance, the Chair is clothed with an insurmountable now pending in theSenateis one upon which the voice of the people temptation to recognize those who are in favor of the measure ought to be heard. I do not believe in the tyrannous rule of ma­ which he may personally favor-and he always has an opinion­ jorities, especially in legislation. I believe the slower the legis­ and not to recognize Senators upon the floor who are opposed to lation the better it is likely to be. I think a celebrated writer has his opinion. said that all the good legislation which has been enacted is in the No pm;sible calamity could be greater to the character or the repeal of bad legislation; and the statute books are full of enact- · history of this body than to expose the Presiding 0 .fficer to a tern pta­ ments, made under the whip and spur of majorities, where, if tion of that character. He would in a moment become not such ample time for discussion had been had, so that the people could as the Speaker of the House should be, but such as a Speaker of the have taken cognizance of the subjects-matter of the bills, they Bouse has been within the last three or four years, by the action would not have been enacted into law. of the majority there-without reference to the personality of the .Mr. President, upon·this particular question we have not heard gentleman now occupying that chair-he would in a moment be­ from what the Senator from New Hampshire or the Senator from come the arbiter, the supreme controller of the time of debate, of illinois, I do not remember which, pleases to term the majority. the debate, its purposes and its objects, in this Chamber. It is a curious spectacle to see a great question of this sort de­ That, sir, is more of an encroachment upon liberty, it is more bated only on one side. of an invasion of the freedom of debate, it is more of a destruc­ It is said in extenuation of the silence of the reputed majority tion of the rights of the sovereign representatives in this body, that this question has been before the American people for sev­ representatives of sovereign States, than any other possible action, eral years. Mr. President, the question of the annexation of and would involve, in my judgment, more of disparagement to these islands, under the peculiar conditions that now exist, has the dignity, to the historic repute, and to the memorable tra­ never been presented to the American people. We have entered ditions of the Senate than any benefit which could possibly be de­ upon a new era. The war with Spain which, by the late victory rived from a modification of the existing rules. at Santiago seems near its termination, opens a new vista, brings Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President, we learn in this world by experi­ the United States into contact with new conditions, and it occurs ence, and I nave learned a lesson this afternoon by experience by to me, as the annexation scheme is the first step in our pathway submitting to the Senator from Illinois [Mr. MASON] to interject toward colonial possessions, that right at its threshold the gravest an expression in the midst of my remarks having no reference and the calmest and the wisest deliberation which the American whatsoever to the question before the Senate. I shall profit in the Senate can give to the s-qbject ought to be given without stint future by my experience. and without limit. Just a word, Mr. President, as respects the rule, and then I will Now, sir, we can not be charged with filibustering in this mat­ resume the general course of my remarks. I would not now ter. We think it is a matter of grave and vital moment. vVe change those rules if I had it in my power. As I said, I was in think this initial step is fraught with consequences of great dan­ favor of the change when I first came here, but I have seen more ger for the futm·e, and we must be pardoned, if it does ca.use a vicious legislation killed by an active minority than I have seen little delay, in attempting to search the voice of the whole .Amer­ good legislation thwarted by it. In fact, I have never known a ican people, with the hope that that voice will express i~elf and measure that could be said to be of any benefit to the public which be heard against this scheme. If that voice is for it, if the will did not pass eventually if a majority was in favor of it. of the majority of the American people desire annexation, that I do not understand how the Senator from Illinois and the Sen­ will will have its way. · ator from New Hampshire and other Senators assume that there Mr. GALLINGER. Will it interfere with the honorable Sen· is a majority here in favor of this unconstitutional proceeding. ator from Louisiana if I ask him a simple question? There is nothing here to warrant an assumption of that kind or its Mr. CAFFERY. No, sir. announcement. There is nothing here that warrants my honorable . Mr. GALLINGER. I understood the Senator to say that the friend the Senator from illinois in standing on this floor and waving voice of the people ought to be heard on this question. That ver­ his hands and gesticulating ferociously against some of us on this dict can not be rendered until November next, at the earliest. Do side and saying we are obstructing the majority. The Senator I understand the Senator to hold to the position that this debate from illinois does not know anything about the majority, nor do ought to be prolonged and the question ought not to be decided I. It is a mere matter of assumption. For my amiable friend until the people are heard at the polls in November next? the Senator f1·om New Hampshire [Mr. GALLINGER] to protest Mr. CAFFERY. The Senator refers to theNovember elections. against prolix and tiresome and tedious speeches-! take it having I do not refer to any special election as expressive of the voice of special reference to the speech I am now making-- · the people more than any other organ of public opinion. I be­ :Mr. GALLINGER. Oh, no; not at all. lieve the press of the United States, the pulpit of the United I\ir. ALLEN. Is something rather refreshing in the Ught of States, and various conventions in the United States held for lit­ what transpired in 1894, when we were considering what is known erary or public or patriotic purposes are all efficient organs of as the Wilson tariff bill. Mr. President, it is known in ·this public opinion. Chamber that a speech was prepared for that bill, all of which Mr. Pt·esident, under the whip and spur of a majority a vicious has never yet been delivered. I do not know but that I shall step may be taken, but that vic1ous step must be retraced or not negotiate for what remains of it to use during this debate. That taken if the voice of the people of the United States can be heard speech was delivered in sections for a week or more, and on one through any legitimate channel-through every legitimate chan­ or more occasions since that time it has appeared on the desk of nel. I doubt not that the November elections will be expressive the senior Senator from Pennsylvania [Mr. QUAY] to frighten to some extent of the will of the people. But that is not the only Senators into submission. channel through which the people express their sentiments and I recall well that the Senator from New Hampshire debated views upon public questions, and I think there ought to be suf­ that question repeatedly, not one day, not two days, nor three ficient time given to let that mighty voice of the American people days alone, but day after day until he said-and no man can say be heard, and that voice will prevail. Under the peculiar coudi~ it better-all that possibly could be said in favor of a system of tions of the joint resolution, with the claimed and reputed major­ b

[Baltimore American.] need not fear a demonstration by other J?OWers in that quarter. In fact, not for a long time has the Hawaiian situat10n been so comfortable, and it is a Englanrl wants an alliance, of course. It would be strange if she did not. waste of sophistry to contend that just now is the boux of peril for our naval She wants an alliance because the continental powers are opposed to her, not prestige. This workin"' up of excitement is simply part of the so-called im­ because they are opposed to the United States. There are many people in perial scheme which already r egards Hawaii, not as our extreme possible this counlrry who sympathize with ~ngland, and some others who do not. outpost, but only as a "half-way station" in our progress to the ends of the This is not an EngliSh, but an Amencan country. The P.e~ple are made up earth. from every country under heaven. There al_'e some m~lions of Germans, more millions of Irishmen, andaheavysprinklingof Russians and other Euro­ [Buffalo Courier.] pean nations. They are good citizens, many of them among tbe. bast we President McKinley, who at the beginning of his Administration was so have. Would it not be the height of folly for ~he Gover~ment, '!Jth these lukewarm toward annexation that his inaugural address contained a declara­ facts staring it in the face, to attempt to negotiate an alliance .with G:reat ti·)D against colonial aggrandizement, has in the brief period of fifteen months Britain which engaged the United States to help carry ont. English proJects become an enthusiastic convert not only to t.his scheme, but apparently to in China, in 9pposition to the continental powers? If. thiS country ~ants tbe whole policy of colonial expansion so loudly approved by the jingo ele­ anything in China, the Empire is still open, an~ Americans can do qmte as ment. It is evident that the President is using all the legitimate mfluence well, we imagine, as England has recently done m the East. of his Administration to induce the Senate to pass the Hawaban resolution, it having been long ago demonstrated that t he more orderly method of an­ [Baltimore News.] nexation by treaty could not command the necessary two-thirds vote. If we are to assume "imperial" responsibilities, let us et;tdeayor first to [Buffalo Express.] look them in the face and find out what they are. Let us gom With our eyes open. Let us consider whether or not their assumption means a lar~e stand­ Under annexation this Anglo-Saxon rule could not be maintained against ing army and a great navy and permane;ntly heavy Federal t~a~wn. Let a hostile native opposition, except by doing violenc-e to t he principles of the us not i"'nore but calmly weigh the questiOn wh~ther tl;J.e new policy ~ould . United States Constitution and of the Declaration of Independence after the or woula not bring us into the circle of European Jealousies and.a!ltagoJ?.lSmS. manner now too much practiced in the negro section of tho South. Let us not leave entirely to the future, but endeayor to antiCipate m the The simple truth is that our Constitution is not suited to the governing of present not indeed. the details but the broad outlmes of the probleiD:S of such a population as inhabits Hawaii. Shall we ab!tndon the annexation goverruhent'which the acquisition of distant dependencies, peopled by m1:;ed project or the principles of our Constitution~ races in various stages of civilization, will a.ssuradly present. The commg [Cedar Rapids (Iowa) Rep"G.blican.] debate in the Senate furnishes a most admirable opportunity for the educa­ There are many Americans who are not so certain that we want even Ha­ tion of public opinion and even for the education of Sena~rial opinion on waii. There are ~oing to be more of them. There is bound to come a reac­ these great and pr~ssing su.bjects. ~t furnisp.es a;n opportumty for ~he Sen­ tion on this jingmsm and annexationism. We have simply allowed our greed ate to revive the high traditions of Its past m domg the country this great to get the better of our judgment. Wait and see how the matter s turn out. service. Let us hope that there are a few members of it who are able and We are aware that it is unpopular at the present time to counsel caution. willing to rise to so great an occasion. The popular heart is inflamed on this subject. Our military and naval men, [Baltimore News._] who areforthe time being the biggest men in the United States, are all fm· It is the special function of the Senate to interpose its deliberation and its annexation. That is their business-to conquer and to pat_ro1. But tbe war dignity between the sudden or ill-considered inception of a movement and will be over some time, and then will come the sober second thought of the its consummation. That body bas been charged-and, we .h!Lve repea:tedl_y nation. held justly charged-with abuse of tbe character and privil~ges which ~t [Chicago Chronicle.] bas ~stablished in case~ in which there was no proper occasiOn for their Some Senators who are inclined to favor annexation are said to be doubt­ exercise. The ~se of Hawaii is one in which the Senate as a whole, and ful as to the policy of consummating it so long as we a.re at war with Spain. each individual member of it, may feel tha~ insistence up~m its a~cient t;Pa­ The act might b3 re.&"arded as indicating that we were bent on territorial ag­ ditions will be amply justified by the occaswn. If there IS anything. which grandizement, and r.nat our real purpose in making war on Spain was con­ calls for tbe calm and deliberate weighing of all consequ~~ces, for resiStance quest. Spain s European friends might choose to view it in that light and to swift impulse for ignoring of the demands of factitlOns urgency and make it a pretext for reconsidering their determination to maintain an atti­ baste, it is the t;Jdng of a step which i:> likely to involve the w~ole ~ture tude of neutrality. policy internal and external, of the nat10n. Let the Senate take Its trme on [Chicago Chronicle.] the H~waiian question, and let it ~ot be decide.d until eve,ry objector bas had every opportunity for honest, serious, and deliberate resiStance. If we decide to annex the Philippines, we shall ipso facto become a mem­ ber of the associated banditti who are now parceling out China, growling at [Baltimore Sun.] one another, and constantly on the alert for treachery. If we seize tbe Cana· Of course if the United St.a~s .intends to start 'D;POn a policY.~?f colo;nial.ex­ ries, we shall acquire European "interests" and European responsibilities. pansion and to hold the Phihppmes, the annexatiOn of Hawau may lJ?. time Our diplomatic representatives will be obliged to have a finger in every pie become necessar_y to tbe plan of imperialism whiC'h is n~w so popular m cer­ and a voice in the regulation of every dispute from the tariffs of the Suez tain quarters. But Congress should not anne::;t: Hawau as_ a war . me_a~ure, Canal to the idiosyncra,'lies of the unspeakable Turk. \Ve shall cut loose not even if the President sends a message urgmg annexatiOn a<> a military from James Monroe and follow the precepts of Napoleon Bonaparte and necessitv. The new policy of imperialism ought not to he ~ntere? UJ!OD after Frederick the Great. We shall be in hot water twenty-four hours of the day. a day's debate, but should be given the most th?rough I"?ve st~gatwn after Can we afford to do it? Will it be a good thing to turn this country into a the war ends and when tbe subject can be co~Idered ~p~w;natelY; and second France, ruled to all intents and purposes by a military oligarchy-a with some measure of statesmanship. AnnexatiOn and rmper1alism Wlth a country where honest industry is sneeringly termed "bourgeois" and the hurrah will be a national calamity. profession of arms alone is honorable? [Boston Herald.] [Cleveland Leader.] If we are not to take the Philinpine Islands, we do not want Hawaii. But All prudent and thoughtful Americans must deprecate the hasty asser­ this problem of whether we should stretch out into the Eas~rn Hemisphero tions of enthusiasts that the Philippine !!!'lands will be held permanently as is not one which should be settled offhand. It needs to be deliberately settled, a part of the territory of the United States. It is a rash and entirely need­ after full reflection, by the American people. Speaker REED is greatly to be less attempt to prejudice a very weighty question, the ultimate decision of commended for tbe course that he has thus far taken, and we sincerely hope which is uncertain. that he will persist in his antagonism to a scheme which has been conceived To assume that once the power of Spain shall be thoroughly demolished in in fraud, and, if successful, would have its birth in iniquity. the Philippines and tbe large native population brought under the control of [Boston Herald.] th13 United States the whole matter of the future of the islands will be set­ tled is to talk arrant nonsense. Annexation will not be so easy. Already The meeting yesterday at Faneuil Hall in protest against the policy o.f ~m­ many of the most important organs of public opinion of the country have perialism is action which may well be taken for the purpose of crystallizing declared against any such extension of the duties and cares of this Republic. public opinion. No such wide departu:re from our traditio.nal sys~em should Eminent public men have announced their strenuous opposition to the per­ be made unless it has been carefully discussed, and both 1ts mel'lts and de­ manent occupation of any detached territory inhabited by a large alien popu­ merits made plainly apparent. We imagine, however, that long before defi­ lation, incapable for generations of being brought up to the full exercise of nite action can be taken-for the United Sta.tes can not safely make known the powers of American citizen.c;hip. The nearer the final decision comes the its intentions in regard to the Philippin~ Isla;nds unti~ war is a:t an ~n?.­ more emphatic the resistance of conservative men is likely to be. circumstances will present t~emselves which will mat~m.allr qualify exiStmg public opinion. When. a~ will probably be the case, I~ IS found t.bat of the [Dubuque (Iowa) Herald.] troops sent to assist Admiral Dewey more than half will have perished f!om It does appear that our Government would in this way have enough to tropical diseases during tbe _present ~eason , the advantages of Amer~can deal with mthoutrushing into voluntary annexation of Hawaii It is purely ownership of these islands and ~?f Afi?.ericat;t occupa~cy of them are questi

give ample employment to all the talent the nation can produce, and they to be sure, and would remain so under annexation, coming in competition do not want to see any of it wasted in a chase for colonial empire, such as with the sugar raised by free labor in the United States. England, France, and Germany are engaged in. They fea1• the neglect of But this 1s a trifling objection compared with the potent one. It will be domestic questions that li.e at the root of the welfare of ~he masses anq the the commencement of a colonial system that may entail unnumbered evils evolution of a class of military rulers through the necessity for the mamte­ on our country. If Hawaii, why not the PhiliJJpines, the Ladrone Islands, nance of numerous legions to maintain authority among the alien island Cuba., and Puerto Rico? It marks a well-defined departure on a new and races. perilous chapter of American policy. President McKinley will be directly [New York Times.] responsible. He has carried it through a reluctant Congress and against the Against the annexation of Hawaii as a war measure, suggested and justi­ best judgment of a va.st majority of the intelligent people of the United fied by the exigencies of war, very little would or could be said. For the States. national defense or the speedier defeat of the enemy we could afford to over­ [Richmond Dispatch.] ride tradition and take up problems to be solved in the future. Aside from the Iniserable jobbery that has been and is still in the Hawaii n But the annexation of these islands is not a. war necessity. That is an annexation scheme, Ml·. FAULKNER has given the stroll{!e t of reasons why impudent pretense. The suggestion is not an outcome of the war. It origi­ the Democrats should fight annexation to the bitter end. Itr is the first step nated long ago with a set of plotters and schemers. A vulgar money job lies that counts and costs. 'f\he expansionists know full well that the annexation a.t the bottom of the transaction. That makes the efforh to sneak the thing of Hawaii, no matter under what subterfuge, would prove a most potent thron~h as a measure of patriotism peculiarly nauseating. It is the motive of agency in stimulating the movement for the permanent retention of the the anginal annexationists even more than the annexation itself that offends Philippines and the annexation of Cuba. They know full well that H could and disgusts. be made a potent influence in preparing the public mind for a departure from [New York Times.] our time-honored policy. The Honse has now been talking for three whole days about this wretched • We do not undertake to say that the time will not come when it will be business, and, from the elaborate and rather too ingenious speech of Mr. HITr necessary to annex Hawaii. Nor do we undertake to say what should be our to the harangue from the Nevada Representative, not the suggestion of a new future relations to the Philippines. But we do maintain that in dealing with reason for annexation has been made. Nor has there been any refutation of these matters wisdom and patriotism and due regard for the integrity of our the charge that the business from beginning to end is a job. The pretense of institutions and our pledges, past and present, to the world demand that we war necessity and of the danger of not getting the facilities we require in the make haste slowly. islands is a mock-auction device. It is the practice on a large scale in national [Richmond Times.] legislation of methods which w'!;len indulged in in business are by the statutes From the beginning of agitation toward that end the Times has stE-adily .. ·.. of most States made a State prison offense . opposed the annexation of the Hawaiian IsliUlds. To annex them is to depart entirely from that theory of government under which we have lived for [New York World.] more than a hundred years and prospe1·ed as no people :prospered before. Our Republic sprang from the people's abhorrence of despotism. It is a The Times frankly admits its fear ot what will happen if we abandon our Government of laws, not of m~n-and especially not of "a man on horseback." old-time notion that the United :States are big enough for us and enter upon Can we inject into our system of self-government and equal rights the old a career of world aggrandizement. ' despotic and military idea without doing violence to our principles? Can we accustom our people to such a rule over a part of our possessions contain­ [St. Louis Post.] ing 7,000,000 hum.a.n beings without danger to ourselves. Have not the inva­ President McKinley thinks the Hawaiian Islands are necessary to the sions of plutocracy, the growing power of monopoly, and the development of United States. the boss system into a rule that in effect vitiates in many instances the very They are no doubt essential to the success of some jobs and schemes which essence of democracy given us problems enough at home that we need to have been matnrin~ for several years past. But it is not so clear that the seek them on the other side of the ~lobe? national good will oo in any degree promoted by the possession of distant There are many other phases of this "pipe dream" of colonial empire islands which will require a lm-ge navy for their defense. which will, we believe, cause the American people to hold true to their If as a consequence of the Spanish war we are drawn into the cm·rent of rational and traditional policy, but the _danger to this coun!·rY invo~ved in "world politics," we may need a big navy, and in that event the Hawa.iio.n the:;;e wild schemes should prove a su:ffi.ment deterrent to th~ll' adoptwn. Islands will be convenient as a station and base. But we should not put the [Omaha Bee.] cart before the horse. [St. Louis Republic.] We can not bring ourselves to think that President McKinley, who has thus far shown a wise sagacity and statesmanship commanding almost uni­ While the M@l'oe doctrine is an unwritten law, it is nevertheless an im­ ven::al commendation, is ready to yield to a clamor for which there is no portant factor in our national life. Next to the Constitution itself, it has valid reason or justification and lend his great influence to a proJlosal to drift done more in shaping international affairs than any other and has been the the nation out of a path in which fol' more than a hundred years it has ~n­ guiding star of the Western Hemisphere. From the days of Washington and joyed security and realized a growth of power and a degree of prosperity Jefferson to the present time there has been no a.P.parent desire to stall be­ without parallel in the history of nations. yond its limitations except since the battle of Manila, and the people of the United States will think long before they exchan~e the right t.o guard the [Philadelphia Ledger.] Western Hemisphere for the right of partnerRhip m the colonizing schemes It is believed by the majority of Americans that the annexa.tion of the Ha­ of European monarchies. waiian oligarchy, masquerading as a republic resting on the "consent of the [Sa>annah News.] governed,"by treaty! or by resolution of Congress, would not only be a plato The most patriotic and farseeing of our citizens regarded it as fortunate departure !ro~ o~ ong-proclai?ted "Monroe doctrine,".bnt would. ~pose that we had nothing to do with the que tion of di rnpting the Chinese Em­ American mstitutions and Amer1can law upon a commumty the IIUI.JOl'lty of pire, which was being considered by Germany, Russia, France, and Great whose inhabitants have expressed no desire for the change. It is the basic BI:itain. But what a change has taken place in a few short weeks! Now American doctrine that governments shall derive their powers from the con­ plenty of reasons are offered why we should become the permanent possess­ sent of the governed. So long as consent to the annexation scheme is with­ ors of the Philippines and should also have a voice in whatever changes the held by a majority of the Hawaiian people our title to the islands will be powers of Europe propose to make in the Chinese Empire. Not only that, but assailable in the high court of morals, though all Federal constitutional forms It is urged that we should take permanent possession of Puerto Rico and so be observed in appropriating the country. To fling aside constitutional meth­ shape our policy that Cuba would eventually become a part of our territory. ods in annexing Hawaii, to s~:~ize the country as a part of the plan of campaign In short, the underlying thought is that we should become tho JlOSsessor of against Spain, as an act of war, would place us in a still more regrettable re­ great colonies in widely separate parts of the world, and should cast aside as lation to the islands. The President. has extensive powers as Commander in ob olete the policy inaugurated by tbe fathers of the Republic, which avoids Chief of the Army and Navy in wartimes, but the reported desire to "seize" interfering in questions which compel the powers of Europe to maintain big Hawaii savors too much of usurpation of power and of the misuse of Execu­ armies and powerful navies. . tive functions. [Springfi.eld Republican.] [Philadelphia Ledger .] Richard Olney not long ago uttered a protest, in an address at Harvard The real question is whether we at'e to continue a law-abiding and law­ College, against the "international isolation" of the United States. But read obeying people, patient of the restraints put upon us by those who framed our h}s address and Y?U will find no a.pJlrOval, even by implication, of the sugges­ plan of government., or are tQ brush aside the restrictions and limitations of tion that the Umted States should conquer and permanently occupy the the Constitution and of the law whenever they interfere with the whim of the Philippine Islands, inhabited by :Malays and Chinese, 6,500 miles away. $ * * hour. It can not be possible that President McKinley proposes to carry out The President or the political party that smashes the Monroe doctrine will the design imputed to~ for, sworn to take care that the laws be faithfully live to rue the da;v, and will live very little longer. And the smashing of tht) executed, he will not be guilty of so plain and flagrant a violation of the su­ Monroe doctrine lS what the conquest and permanent occupation of the Phil­ preme law. He must have been grievously Inisrepresented. ipJJine Islands will mean. [Philadelphia Record.] [Springfield R~publican.] Hawaii will make its entry into the Union as the result of a Cresarean The wage-earning classes have a peculiar interest in averting the calami­ OJleration-by an avoidance of natural, popular, and constitutional methods. tons policyiutowhich the heedless and adventurous would drag the country. The treaty of annexation was never approved by the Hawaiian people; it For it is from that class that the armies would be recruited to police the dis­ could never have been ratified b_y the American Senate. The right of the tant colonies and wa.ste themselves away in idleness and dissipation and dis· Hawaiians to decide their own destiny and the l'if~:ht of the people of the ease nuder tropical suns. And as the Federal tax system stands and is likely United States to the safeguard of their own Constitution have both been to stand for years to come, that class would bear the chief burden of expense. disregarded. The positions of honor and emolument in the Army and the civil government [Pittsburg Dispatch.] of the colonies would go to the aristocracy of wealth and "pull," as we have It is little wonder the debate of this question is attracting nearly as much seen commissions in the Volunteer Army recently go. attention as the news from the squadrons off Cuba. It is more important to The wage-earners accordingly can not make themselves heard too early the Americ.an peo~le than any battle that has been fought in the war, for, if and insistently in this crisis. Their concern is the more immediate, and carried through, 1t will be an actual renunciation of the princil.)les upon their interests, as of all the plain people, are the more thi·eatened by this which the war was begun and the beginning of a national policy foreign to clamor of the influential and powerful to be led away from the problems our history, our institutions, and the popular instinct. It will mark the be­ which pTess up from the laboring classes for solution. ginning of the end of popular governm.ent-of "government of the people, [Wilmington (Del.) Every Evening.] by the people, and for the people," which Lincoln declared should "not per­ If we are to be supreme on one, can we stop without attaining supremacy ish from the earth." on all? , · [Pittsburg Dispatch.] And yet, it is sophistry like this that is put forward by the people's repre­ The loyal citizens who have responded to their country's call were moved sentatives as :m excuse for a policy which, if carried to its lertima.te conclu­ by the desire to free Cuba and avenge the crew of the Maine. They never sion. will result in this conntry taking_ possession not only o Hawaii. but o! intended to give their services to the cause of colonizing the Pacific Ocean. the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Cnbn., and possibly the Canary Islands. The loyal people who remain at home are prepared to cheerfully take up tbe The cost of this "grand extension of empire" would be incalculable. But burden of taxation to support the confl.ict1'or the removal of Spanish cruelty, who can show any benefit that would accrue to the United States? treachery, and barbarity from the Western Hemisphere. But none of them It is time for the :people to consult together, for the purpose of devising desires to make sacrifices for the purpose of emba.rkin~the country upon a some means of bringing these Congressmen wbo are openmg such a Pandora's strange and mischievous policy of land grabbing. box of ter,ritoria.l complications, to a realization of their unwise, unrepre­ sentative, and unpatriotic course. [Pittsburg Post.] Annexation would make the lobbying unnecessary, as the Hawa.iian.sugar Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President, I have cansed these various let­ would then come in tree for fill time. lt is the pr oduct of virtual slave labor, ters and editorial extracts to be read for the purpose of showing 1898. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE ." 6651

that the opposition to annexation is widespread and among all this gigantic monopoly will make annually over $40,000,000 a year classes of the people. Staid and conservative Massachusetts has by this scheme of annexation, I will have demonstrated, I think, protested against it, or at least a. large and respectable portion of quite completely to the people of the United States that that is her people have protested against it. The press of the country, the inspiring influence to be found in connection with this project. scattered throughout the various States and Territories, have pro- Mr. President, I think I ought not to permit tha statement the . tested against it-not all of the papers, but many of them; and I Senator from Ohio [Mr. FORAKER] made a few days ago to pass could multiply by the hundreds the extracts which I have had read unnoticed at this time, although I may be guilty of digressing here to-day, and I do not know but that I shall have them printed somewhat from the main thread of my remarks. When pressed as a separate document or in the RECORD hereafter, so that they for an answer to the question where the power was to be found can be read. in the Constitution for this method of annexation, the Senator This question, Mr. President, has never been a party question. from Ohio said it wag to be found in the general-welfare clause It has never been submitted to the American people. It is pro­ of the Constitution, inferring, I suppose, or, at least, logically posed now, without the people having an opportunity to pass on leading to the conclusion, that Congress was the sole judge of the question, to annex the Hawaiian Islands, regardless of the wish what constituted the general welfare of tb.e United Stat-es, and of the American people and regardless of the wish of the people that whenever Congress should declare by resolution or by act a of those islands, by a joint resolution that is exceptional and even certain thing to exist or a certain step to be necessary that would revolutionary in its character. I had hoped that good sense would be construed to be in furtherance of the general welfare. prevail, and that this whole question would be permitted to go The words" general welfare" occur twice at least in the Con­ over until the close of the war now going on, when our foreign stitution. They occur in the preamble. They are to be found in policy or proposed foreign policy could be taken up and consid­ that.pOTtion of section 8, Article I, having reference to the taxing ered by Congress deliberately. But it would seem that, taking power of the Government. Then it is declared, and this the Sen­ adv..antage of an absorbed public attention, it is proposed, under ator did not cite- whip and spur, to put this measure through, regardless of its con­ The Congress shall have power * * • to make all laws which shall be sequences to the present or future generations of our people. necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and The Republican party in 1896 were very guarded in expressing all other powers vested by this Constitution in the Go~ernment of the Unit-ed themselves on the subject of our foreign relations. They said: .States, or in any department or officer thereof. Our foreign policy should be at all times firm, vigorous, and dignified, and But we were given to understand, according to the declaration all our interest in the Western Hemisphere carefully watched and guarded. of the Senator from Ohio, that whatever the President or Con­ The Hawaiian Islands should be controlled by the United States, and no for­ gress might see fit to designate the general welfare would be con­ eign power should be permitted to interfere with them. clusively so. What is the general welfare of the United States as It was not declared that it was the intention of the Republican declared by the preamble of the Constitution and by the language party to annex the Hawaiian Islands. They were content with to be found in section 8? Is it simply the aimless vagaries that merely controlling the policy and the commerce of those people. Congress or some department of the Government shall declare? That, sir, was in strict harmony with the whole course of this Certainly not. General welfare to be promoted by the passage of nation in respect to the Sandwich Islands. We have always ex­ laws is that political welfare marked out by the Constitution and pressed our deep concern in theiT welfare. We have always by the reasonable deductions to be made from it. If that were pledged ourselves to support them in maintaining an independent not true, then, according to the position of the Senator from Ohio, government. We have always declared our purpose to sustain whenever Congress and the President should declare by joint res­ friendly relations with them, and so, following that precedent, the olution or act that the general welfare of the people of the United Republican party in 1896 declared the same policy. States was best subserved by the dissolution of the Union, we But not one word was said in the Republican platform of 1896 would have power to dissolve the Constitution itself that confers about entering on a career of imperialism, on a career, Mr. Presi­ this power. dent, that will lead to complications with foreign nations and No, Mr. President, that kind of reasoning will not do. We that will engulf our nation unless we are more fortunate than must follow the footsteps of the fathers as written in the Consti­ nations have been in the past who have pursued that policy. The tution. We must take the declarations there made in their free, moment we begin a career of territorial acquisition and aggran­ full, and comprehensive sense. We must not construe them nar­ dizement, that moment we become one of the powers of the world rowly nor too liberally, but construe them as they were intended, in that offensive sense the word" power" is now used. That and be guided by their provisions. It is the general welfare moment we must add to the taxes of our people from $350,000,000 mapped out in this document and by other official documents co­ to $500,000,000 a year, making our total annual taxation about existent with it that we are to follow. Otherwise the whole 8950,000,000, in order to occupy the position that we shall volun­ scheme of the Republic tumbles and is overthrown. . tarily assume. 'our Navy must be increased; our standing Army Mr. Piesident, the-American people are going to think about must be increased to at least 200,000 soldiers, and all the burdens the question of annexation. There may be a few of them swept of taxation are to rest upon the people of this country, for we can off th~ir feet by excitement and by contemplating a career of ag­ expect nothing from the Hawaiian Islands or the other islands grandizement and glory, but when the time comes, as it will that we shall annex. come, that the people of the United States b~ain to look into the Under the present government existing in the Hawaiian Islands consequences of a policy of annexation and aggrandizement I that Republic is scarcely self-supporting. We are to assume its have no doubt their judgment will be registered against it, and public debt. We are to assume its citizenship and incorporate I have no hesitancy in aligning myself with that class of people. them in our citizenship. We ar e to assume this without any benefit Mr. HOAR obtained the floor. to be derived to the people of this country And what for? Simply Mr. DAVIS. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a quorum. that the gigantic and controlling monopoly of this country may The PRESIDING OFFICER (M.r. CLAY in the chair). The be appeased. I say there is no inspiration to this movement of Secretary will ~all the roll to ascertain if a quorum is present. territorial aggrandizement except that inspiration found in the The Secretary called the roll, and the following Senators an­ American sugar trust, the tobacco interest, and those who want swered to their names: to·build large navies, and manufacturing interests of that kind. Allen, Davis, Heitfeld, Penrose, Mr. COCKRELL. I wish to ask the Senator from Nebraska a Allison, Deboe, Hoar, Perkins, question. The Senator charges that annexation is in the interest Bacon, Elkins, Jones, Ark. Pritchard, of the sugar trust. I see it charged in the newspapers and pamph­ Baker, Fairbanks., Jones, Nev. Proctor, Bate, Foraker, Kyle, Quay, lets I get that it is the sugar trust that is opposing annexation. Berry, Frye, Lindsay, Shoup, The sugar trust seems to be on both sides. I should like to haveo Burrows, Gallinger, Lodge, Stewart, the Senator explain that. Caffery, Gear, McBride, Sullivan, Clark. Gray, Mallory, Teller, Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President, I assume that the sugar trust is Clay, Hale, Mason, Turley, not a patriotic organization. I assume that the sugar trust is to Cockrell, Hanna, Money, Turpie, be found on that side where the most money is to be made by it Cullom, Hansbrough, Morgan, Wellington, and by its members. I shall lmdertake before I conclude my re­ Daniel, Hawley, Nelson, Wilson. marks (not the remarks I am making this evening, but the remarks The VICE~PRESIDENT. Fifty-two Senators have answered to I propose to submit upon this measure) to showconclusivelv that their names. A quorum is present. by this scheme of annexation the sugar trust alone makes over Mr. HOAR. I do not know whether the Senate prefer that I S40,0(l0,000 annually. And yet I presume there are those who will should go on at this ti~e this afternoon or not. I myself ha-ve no want us to believe that under those circumstances the sugar trust choice; but I ,think I ought to state my views and those of the peo­ is opposing annexation. ple whom I represent, amounting now in numbers nearly to the No, Mr. President, the sugar trust is to be found where the number of the entire people of the country when the Constitution biggest sum of money is to be made. Like all other such insti­ was formed . . tutions, it knows no flag, no country, no duty of patriotism that Mr. JONES of Arkansas. Will the Senator from Massachusetts 1 conflicts with its financial interests and its pecuniary welfare. If yield to me a moment? : 1 shall succeed in demonstrating, as I propose to attempt, that .Mr. ROAR. Certainly. 6652 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- SENATE. JULY 4,

Mr. JONES of Arkansas. There are a number of Senators who can war, and pay him a pension at the rate of $20 per month in lieu of that desire to listen to the argument of the Senator from Massachu­ he is now receiving. setts. I do, among others; but at this late hour-4 o'clock in the The amendment was agreed to. afternoon of an exceedingly warm day, and that the Fourth of The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ July-! hope it will meet the views of the Senator from Minnesota ment was concurred in. to allow an executive session and then an adjournment. The amendment was ordered to be engrossed and the bill to be Mr. HOAR. I wish to be understood as not expressing the read a third time. slightest personal choice whether I go on now or to-morrow morn­ The bill was read the third time, and passed. ing. I wish to do what is agreeable to the majority of the Senate, PRYOR PERKINS. and more especially to the gentlemen having the pending joint The bill (H. R. 8670) granting a pension to Pryor Perkins was resolution in charge. I can go on now or I can go on then, as the considered as in Committee of the Whole. Senate shall prefer. The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an Mr. JONES of Arkansas. I feel that it is hardly fair to the amendment, in line 7, after the word'' of," to strike out'' $40' a Senator from Massachusetts that he should be required to begin month" and insert "$12 per month;" so as to make the bill read: an argument now. - Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, Mr. DAVIS. I move that the Senate proceed to the considera­ authorized and directed to place on the pension roll the name of Pryor Pet· tion of exec\'ltive business. kins, a scout and guide in tlie United States Army during the war of the r~· Mr. GALLINGER. If the Senator from Minnesota will with­ bellion, and pay him a pension at the rate of $12 per month. . hold that motion one moment, I desil'e to say that there is not on The amendment was agreed tQ, the Private Pension Calendar a single bill, so far as I know, in The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ which I have the least e:uthly interest; but a large number of ment was concurred in. Senators, and many of them on the other side of the Chamber, The amendment was ordered to be engrossed and the bill to be have snggested to me that I ought to ask for a little time to con­ read a third time. sider the Pension Calendar. I now ask forty minutes for that The bill was read the third time, and passed. purpose before an executive session is moved. I make that re­ quest. • MARY ANN SULLIVAN. The VICE-PRESIDENT. Now? The bill (H. R. 6525) granting a pension to Mary Ann Sullivan Mr. GALLINGER. Now. I understand the Senator from was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to Massachusetts is willing to have this course pursued. place on the pension roll the name of Mary Ann Sullivan, mother The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Senate has heard the request of of the late James J. Sullivan, late of Company B, Sixty-ninth the Senator from New Hampshire, that forty minutes be devoted Regiment New York Btate Volunteers, and to pay her a pension at once to the consideration of cases on the Private Pension Cal­ of $12 per month. endar. Mr. GALLINGER. In line 6 I move to insert the word" de­ Mr. TURPIE. Unobjected cases. pendent" before the word "mother." The VICE-PRESIDENT. U nobjected cases on the Private Pen­ The amendment was agreed to. sion Calendar. Will the Senator from Minnesota withhold his The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ motion for that purposes? ment was concurred in. Mr. DAVIS. Certainly. The amendment was ordered to be engrossed and the bill to be The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Chair hears no objection, and read a third time. the nrivate unobjected pension cases will be considered in their The bill was read the third time, and passed. order. SUSAN I. BARROWS. Mr. HAWLEY. The Senator from New Hampshire kindly The bill (H. R. 377) granting a pension to Susan I. Barrows was yields to offer me an opportunity to ask for the consideration of considered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to place the bill (S. 4840) to provide for a force of colored troops in the on the pension roll the name of Susan I. Barrows, idiotic and de­ Volunteer Army of the United Stares. It is a bill that the War pendent child of Silas Barrows, deceased, late a member of Com­ Department desires to have acted upon at this session. pany E, Eighth Regiment Maine Volunteers, and to pay her a The VICE-PRESIDENT. Is there objection to the present con­ pension of $12 per month, the pension to be paid to her duly sideration of the bill? appointed guardian. Mr. MORGAN. I object to the consideration of that bill this The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered evening. · to a third reading, 'read the third time, and passed. The VICE-PRESIDENT. Objection is made. Mr. GALLINGER. Let the special order be carried out. THERESA. BONN .A. VEA.U. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Private Pension Calendar is in The hill (H. R. 3565) to grant a pension to Theresa Bonnaveau order. was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to JOEL H. HALLOWELL, place upon the pension roll the name of Theresa BonnaYeau, the \vidow of John B. Bonnavean, who served in the Mexican war in The bill (H. R. 1712) granting an increase of pension to Joel H. the Louisiana Volunteers, and to pay her a pension of $3 per Hallowell was announced as the first private pension bill on the month. Calendar. . The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered Mr. GALLINGER. That is an adverse report. Let it go over. to a third 1·eading, read the third time, and passed. The VICE-PRESIDENT. The bill will be passed over. SA.RAH FRY. FOSTER C. CARL. The bill (H. R. 9195) granting a pension to Foster C. Carl was The bill (H. R. 8950) increasing the pension of Mrs. Sarah Fry considered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to place on was considered as in Committee of the Whole. the pension roll the name of Foster C. Carl, Company I, First The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions w~th Regiment of New York Mounted Rilles, and to pay him a pension amendments, in line 4, after the word ''place," to strike out of '18 per month. "upon" and insert "on;" and in line 7, after the word '• pension," The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered to strike out" rated at" and insert "at the rate of;" so as to make to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. the bill read: Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, MARY HA.NNAH CLARK. authorized and directed to place on the pension roll the name of Sarah Fry, widow of Henry Fry, late of the United States Navy, war of 1812 and pay The bill (H. R. 4977) granting a pension to Mary Hannah Clark her a pension at the rate of $20 per month, the same to be in lieu of the pen­ was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to sion now drawn by her. place 'on the pension roll the name of Mary Hannah Clark, totally The amendments were agreed to. blind and dependent child of John W. Clark, deceased, late a Mr. GALLINGER. I move to strike out, after the word "pen­ member of Company B, Eighth Regiment Massachusetts Volun­ sion," in line 8, the words" now drawn by her," and to substitute teers, and Company A, Fourth Regiment Massachusetts Heavy the words "that she is now receiving." Artillery, and to pay her a pension of 12 per month. The amendment was agreed to. The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend- .. to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. ments were concurred in. ' FELIX TAIT, The amendments were ordered to be engrossed and the bill to The bill (H: R. 9140) granting an increase of pehsion to Felix be read a third time. Tait was considered as in Committee of the Whole. The bill was read the third time, and passed. The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an The title was amended so as to read: "A bill granting an in­ amendment, to strike out all after the enacting clause and insert: crease of pension to Sarah Fry." That the Secretary of tl:te ln. tel'i~ ~\..'~d be is he['bY. authorized and J. HENRY RIVES. directed to PJI!-.C.e on the ~~sion ro , S\lp ect ¥> the p ~iQP-13 and limit~­ tions of the pension laws, tlie name f Fel Ta1t, late soldier in th~ Me::n- Mr. DANIEL. I do not want to interi-upt this procedure, but, 1898.\ CONGRESSIONAL -RECOR.D-SENATE. 6653 if I am in order, I beg leave to ask the Senate to take up for con­ "upon" and insert "on;" and in line 5, after the name "Ballou," sideration the bill (H. R. 4918) for the relief of J. Henry Rives. to strike out'' who rendered remarkable and unusual services as It is a bill which has passed the Senate once or twice, and has now a hospital nurse during the late war of the rebellion" and insert passed the House of Representatives. lt involves only $293.90. "an army nurse;" so as to :p1ake the bill read; Mr. GALLINGER. I will yield if the bill does not lead to de- Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and is hereby, authorized and directed to place on the pension roll the name of Addie L. bate. Ballou, an army nurse, and to pay her a pension at the rate of $12 per month. Mr. DANIEL. I think it will not lead to debate. Mr. GALLINGER. Then I will yield for that purpose; but I The amendments were agreed to. hope no further request will be made until we complete the con­ The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ ments were concurred in. sideration of pension bills. There being no objection, the Senate, as in Committee of the The amendments were ordered to be engrossed and the bill to Whole, proceeded to consider the bill (H. R. 491 8) for the relief be read a third time. The bill was read the third time, and passed. of J. Henry Rives. It proposes to pay to J. Henry Rives, o! V~r­ ginia, $293.90, being the amount of the expenses necessarily m­ EDWA.RD MADDEN. curred and paid by him in the arrest of John C. Henry, deputy The bill (S. 3232) granting a pension to Edward Madden, was collector, for embezzlement. considered as in Committee of the Whole. The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. amendment, to strike out all after the enacting clause and insert: ELLEN E. NASH. That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is he:reb:r, authorized and directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the proVISions and limita­ The bill (H. R. 6093) granting a pension to Ellen E. Nash was tions of the pension laws, the name of Edward Madden, late privatehCompany considered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to place F, Seventh Regiment West Virginia Volunteer Infantry, and pay im a pen­ on the pension roll the name of Ell~n E. Nash, who was an ar~y sion at the rate of SUper month in lieu of that he is now receiving. nurse during the war of the rebellion, and to pay her a pensiOn The amendment was agreed to. of $12 per month. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered ment was concurred in. to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. VIRGINIA. C. FLEANOR. The title was amended so as to read: "A bill granting an in­ The bill (H. R. 4916) granting a pension to Virginia C. Fleanor crease of pension to Edward Madden." was considered as in Committee of the Whole. · The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with MA.RY A. W .ATTS. amendments, in line 4, after the word ''place," to strike out The bill (H. R. 6064) granting a pension to Mary A. Wat.ts was "upon" and insert" on;" in line 5, before the name "Henry," to considered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to place strike out "Colonel;" and in line 6, after the name "Daugherty," the name of Mary A. Watts, widow of Little B. Watts, late of to strike out "deceased;" so as to make the bill read: Company G, First Regiment of Alabama Vidette Caval y, on the Be it enacted, e~c . , That the Secretary of tJ?.e Interior be, and he i;9 h~r.eb:y;, pension roll, and to pay her a pension of $12 per month. authorized and directed to place on the pellSlon roll ~he name _of VU'gm1a C. The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered Fleanor, widow of Henry Daugherty, a veteran of the Mencan war, and to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. colonel of the Twenty-second lllinois Infantry, and pay her a pension at the rate of $30 per month. ALMON STUART. The amendments were agreed to. The bill (H. R. 2276) granting an increase of pension to Almon The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend- Stuart, was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It pro­ ments were concurred in. poses to place on the pension roll the name of Almon Stuart, late The amendments were ordered to be engrossed and the bill to a private in Company I, Ninth Regiment Indiana Volunteer In­ be read a third time. fantry, and to pay him a pension of $30 per month in lieu of the The bill was read the third time, and passed. pension he is now receiving. The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered MffiiA.M V. KENNY. to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. The bill (H. R. 4484) granting a pension to Miriam V. Kenny was considered as in Committee of the Whole. W A.RREN W. MORGAN. The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with The bill (H. R. 6799) granting an increase of pension to Warren amendments, in line 4., after the word "place," to strike out W. Morgan was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It " upon" and insert "on;" and in line 7, before the word "dollars," proposes to place upon the pension roll the name of Warren W. to strike out "thirty" and insert "twelve;" so as to make the bill Morgan, who served as a private in Compa,ny G, Eighth United read: States Infantry, in the Indian wars, and to pay him a pension of Be it enacted, et.c., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, $12 a month in lieu of his present pension. authorized and directed toplace on the pension roll the name of Miriam V. The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered Kenny, widow of Samuel W. Kenny, late a spy in the service of the Army to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. of the Cumberland, and pay her a pension at the rate of $12 per month. The amendments were a!n'eed to. JAMES E. JONES. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend- The bill (H. R. 7260) granting a pension to James E. Jones was ments were concurred in. . considered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to place The amendments were ordered to be engrossed and the bill to upon the pension roll the name of James E. Jones, late brevet be read a third time. colonel and assistant quartermaster, and to pay him a pension of The bill was read the third time, and passed. $25 per month. The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered OLIVE H. SOUTH. to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. The bill (H. R. 727) granting a pension to Olive H. South was considered as in Committee of the Whole. GEORGE S. W A.LTON. The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an The bill (H. R. 7841) granting an increase of pension to George amendment, in line 5, after the name "South," to strike out S. Walton was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It pro­ "formerly the wife of William W. Glenn, late of Company H, po.ses to. pay to George S. Walton! late of Company N, Second Second Regiment West Virginia Cavalry/' and insert "late an Missouri Mounted Volunteers, MeXIcan war, a pension of $24 per army nurse; " so as to make the bill read: month, in lieu of the pension he is now receiving. Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he hereby is, Mr. GALLINGER. I move to amend, in line 4, before the authorized and directed to place on the pension roll the name of Olive H. name "GeorgeS. Walton," by striking out the words "pay to" !)onth, late an army nurse, and pay her a pension at the rate of $12 per and inserting "place on the pension roll the name of;" in line 6, month. after the word "war," by inserting the words "and pay him;" The amendment was agreed to. and in the same line, after the word "pension," by inserting" at The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ the rate." ment was concurred in. The amendment was agreed to. The amendment was ordered to be engrossed and the bill to be The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ read a third time. ment was concurred in. The bill was read the third time, and passed. The amendment was ordered to be engrossed and the bill to be ADDIE L. BALLOU. read a third time. The bill (H. R. 8724) granting a pension to Addie L. Ballou was The bill was read the third time, and passed. considered as in Committee of the Whole. .A.LPHONZO 0. DRAKE. The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with The bill (II. R. 8286) granting an increase of pension to Al­ amendments, in line 4, after the word "place," to strike out phonzo 0. Drake was considered as in Committee of th9 Whole. 6654 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-SENATE. JULY 4,

It proposes to place on the penaion roll the name of Alphonzo 0. The bill was repo1t.ed from the Committee on Pensions with Drake,. late a priyate in Company E, Second Regiment Rhode amendments,, in line 4', after the word "place" to insert "on the Isiarui Volunteer Infantry, and to pay him a pension of $20 per­ pension roli, subject tcr the provisions and limitations of the pen­ month, in lieu of the pension he is now receiving. sion. laws;" in line 7, after the word "Infantry," tO' stnloo out The bill was reported to the Senate without.amendment, ordered "upon the-pension rolls of the- United States;" and in line 8, after to a third reading, read the third time, and passe«L the word "pension,11 to strike out '"'of twenty-five-" and insert HERBERT W. LEACH. "at the rate of eighteen.;" so as to make the bill read: The bill (H. R. 6482) granting a pension to Herbert W. Leach Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of tlie Interior oo, and he is hereoy, was conaidered a.s in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to place &on thorized and directed to place on the pension roll, Slibjeet to th~ provisions and limitations-of the pension laws. the name of Eugene- A. Shaw,.. late a on the pension roll, at 812 per month, the name of Herbert' W. sergeant in Company C, Twenty·second Regiment of Kentucky Volnntee~ Leach, of Brockton, Mass., late a seaman on the U. S. S~ Jeannette, Infantry, and pay him a pension at the. rate o! 18 pel! month. in lieu of any under Commander George W. De Long. pension that he is now receiving. Mr. GALLINGER. After the name "Leach," at the end of The amendments were agreed to. line 5, I move to strike out the words "of Brockton, Mass." The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ The amendment was agreed.. to. ments were. concurred. in. The oill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ The amendments were ordered to be engrossed and the bill to men..t was concurred.in. be read ar third time. . Tlie amendment was- ordered to be engrossed and the bill to be The bill was read. the- third time, and passed. read a third time. The bill was read the third. time, and passed. I' ANNIE J .. BaSSETT. SAMUEL H. BECKWITH. The bill (H. R. 7989) granting an. increase of pension to. Annie J. Bassett was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It pro- The bill (H. R. 7306) granting an increase of pension. to Samuel pose"S to place the name of Annie d. Bassett, widow of Lieut. Com H. Beckwith was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It mander-Wesley W. Bassett, United States Navy, on the pension. proposes to pla.ce on the- pensionroU the name of Samuel H., Beck- roll, and that she be paid a pension of $15 a month in lieu of the with, late a private and sergeant in Company F, Eleventh illinois pension she is now receiving. InfantryVolunteersand Military Telegraph Corps, and to pay him Mr. GALLINGER. In line 6, after the words" pension rollr a pension of 830 per month in lieu of the pension which he is now and" I move to amend by striking out the words ''that she be receiving. paid" and, inserting "pay her.;" in. line 7:. after the word "pen- The bill was reported to the Senatewithontamendment,ordered sion," where it first occurs, to insert'' at the rate of," and in the to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. same line, before the. word "month," to strike out the woTd "a" JOHN CONNOLLY. and insert the word" per;" so as to read" and pay her a pension The bill (H. R. 8243) granting a pen.sion to John Connolly· was at. t:J:le rate of $15 per-month in lieu of the pension she is now re- considered a.& in Committee-of the Whole. cmvm~" The bill was r.eportedfrom the Committee on Pensions with an I' The amendment was agreed. to. amendment, in line 6, before the word" father," to iD.Bert "de- i The bill was report~d to:the Senate as. amended and the amend- pendent;" so as to make the bill read: 1 ment was concurred m. . Be it enacted etc. That the Secretary of the Interior be, and h~ is hereby, The amendment was OI'del'ed. to be engrossed, and tlie oili to be authC?r~ed !'Lnd 'directed to :place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions read a third time, · and limitations of the pensiOn la.ws, the name of .John qonnolly,.dependent The bill was read the third time and passed father of Thoma& Connolly, late of Company A, Sxxty-nmth Regiment New · · ' • York Volunteer fufantry, and pay him a pension at the rate of 8 per month. ALDEN n. THOMPSO::-T. The amendinent was agreed to. The bill (H. R. 3164) granting a pension to Alden B. Thompson" The bill was reported to the Senate as amended,. and the amend- of Farmva.Ie, Hamilton. County, Nebr., was conaid.ered as in Com- ment was concurred in.. mittee of the Whole. The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third: reading, read The bill was reported from th.e Committee- on. Pensiona with the third time, and passed. amendments, in line 6, after the name" Thompson,"to strike out ARMENIAS H. EYANS.. "of Farmvale, Hamilton County, Neb1·.," and in line 8, after the The bill (H. R. 8551) to increase the pension of Armenias H. word "Navy," to strike out "from April 25, 1840, to April 17, Evans was considered as in Committee of the Whole. 1843," and insert "and pay him a pension.;"' s.o as to make the- bill The bill was·reported from the Committee on Pensions with an read: amendment, in line 8, before the word "dollars,?' to strike out Be it en.acted., etc., That the Secretary o! the Interior be, and he i& hereby, ''thirty" and insert ''twenty;" so as to make the bill read: authorized. and directed to place on. the pension roll,subjecttothaprovisions ~~ th Inte · b d h · h b and limitations of the peD.Blon laws, the name of Alden B. Thomp on., late a Beit enacted, etc., That the Se cretary O.l. e riOr e, an e 18 ere y, landsman on the ships Columbus and Ohio, in the United States NaV'"C", and authorized and directed to place on the pension roll the name of Armenias him · t the f c:oa ---"1.. ·"'' 0 H. Evans, late a private in Com_])any C, Sixth Regiment Virginia Volunteer pay a penm.on..a. rate .,., pel! J.J.1.UJ.1..W.4 Infantry, and Battery A, West Vrrgmia..Volnnteer Light Artillery, and pay The-amendments were agreed to. him a pension at the rate of $20 per· month i:n; lieu of the pension he is now The bill was reported to the Senate as· amended, and the amend- receiving. The amendment was agreed to. ments were concurred in. The bill was reported to·the Senate as amended, and the amend- The amendments were ordered to be engrossed. and the oill to ment was concurred in. be re~d a third time. The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read The bill was read the third time, and passed. the third time, and passed. The title was amended so as to read: "A bill granting a pen- The title was amended so. as to read: "A bill granting an in- sion to Alden B. Thompson." crease-of pension to Armenias H. Evans." MILLIE A. BERRY. JOHN N. WILEY. The bill (S. 4231) granting an increase of pension to Millie A. The bill (H. R. 9765) to increase the I>_e_nsion of John N. Wiley Berry was consider~d as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes was considered as in. Committee of the Whole. to place on the pension roll the name of Millie A. Berry, widow of The bill was reported from the Committee on Penaions with R. C. Berry, late first lieutenant of Company F, Seventy-seventh amendments! in line 3, before the word "is," to insert "he;" and Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and to pay her a pension of 517 per in line 7, before the word "in," to strike out" $50 a month." and month in lieu of the pension she is now receiving. insert ' 30 per month; 'J so as to make the bill read: Mr. GALLINGER. In line 8, after the word" pension," I move Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, to insert "at the rate of." authorized and directed to J.>lace the name of John N. Wiley; late a. member The amendment was agreed to. of Company G, Sixty-third Regiment Indiana Infantry, on the pension roll Th bill t d t th S te d d d th d o.nd pay him a pension at the re.te of $30 per month in !.leu of the pension he e was rep or e o e en a a.s amen e , an e amen • now receives. ment was concun-ed in. The amendments were agreed to. The bill was_ordered to be. engrossed.. for a thil:d.. reading, read The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend- the third time, and passed. ments were concurred in. JAMES o. HERVEY, The bill was ordered to be engrossed for. a tb..ird. reading, read The bill (H. R. 6841) granting an. increase of pension to James the third time, and passed. The title was amended so as to read: "A bill granting an in- C. Hervey was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It pr

The bill was:repo~ted to the Senate without amendment, ordered. Volunteer Infantry, and pay him a pension of SOO per month in lien of the to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. · pension he is now receiving. The amendment was agreed to. JACOB N. ATHERTON. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend- The bill (H. R. 5069) to pension .Tacob N. Atbe1:ton was con- ment was concurred in. sidered as in Committee of the Wboie. The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read The bill was reuorted from the Committee on Pensions with_ an the third time, and passed. amendment, in line 8, before the word "month," to strike out The title was amended so as to read: "A bill granting an in- "$24 a" and insert" S12 per;" so as to make the bill read: crease- of pension to Chauncey A. Bradley." Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he hereby is, authorized and directed to ylace on the pension roll, subject to the provisions WILLIAM SHARROCK. and limitations of the pens1onlaws, the name of Jacob N. Athfrrton, late of The bill (S 1918) t 0 · th · f Willi" Sh k Signal Corps, United States Army, and pay him a pension at the rate of 12 A mcrease e pens10n o am arroc per month. ' was considered as in Committee of the Whole. The amendment was agreed to.. The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend- amendment, to ·strike out all after the enacting clanse and jnsert: m.ent was concurred in. That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereb:y, authorized and di- .he a,.....e·ndment ,~.,.ordered. to be engrossed, and. the bill to be rected to place on. the pension roll. subject to the proviswlli! and limitations T ...... , .. ..,.,. of the pension laws, the name of William Sharrock, late of Company F, First read a third tim.e. Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, and pay him a pension. at the rate of ~per The bill was read the third time-, and passed. month in lieu of that he is now receiving- The title was amended so as to read: "A billgrarrti:ng a pension The amendment was agreed to. to Jacob N. Atherton." The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend- JANE E. ZINK. ment was concurred in. The bill (H. R. 4811) granting a pension to Jane E. Zink was The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read con idered as in Committee of the Whole. the third time, and passed. The bill was reported from the Committee on Pension with The title was amended so as to read: "A bill granting an in- amendments, in line 5, before the name '~Jane," to insert "of;" crease of pension to William Sharrock." and in line 6, before the word "pay/' to strike out"to;u so as to LEWIS E. HUMPTON. make the bill read: Be it enacted, etc." That the Secretary ofthe Interiol' be, snd he is hereby; The bill (S. 2965) gi'anting a pension to Lewis E. Humpton was authorized and directed to place on. the pension roll the name of Jane E. considered as in Committee of the Whole~ Zink, widow of James M. Shane, late colonel of the Ninety-eighth Ohio Vol- The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with unteer Infantry, and pay her a pension at the rat~ of~ per month. a.Ill&ndments, in line 4, after the word "roll,,,_ to strike out ''at The amendments were agreed to. the rate of 824 per month" and insert "subject to the provisions The bill was reported to the Senate as amended,_ and the amend- and limitations of the pension laws;" and in line 8, after the ments were concurred in. word"' Volunteers," to insert" and pay him a pension at the rate The amendments were ordered to be engrossed. and the- bill to of 820 per month in lieu of that he is now receiving;" so as to be read a third time. ' make the bill read: The bill was read the third time, and passed. Be it enacted. etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby,_ authorized and directed to place_ on the pension roll. subject to the provisions MATILDA W AEDEL. and limitations of the pensiOn Iaws, the name of Lewis E. Humpton, late pri- The bill (H. R. 9755) granidng a pension to Matilda Waede! vate Company A, Ninety-seventh Regiment Pennsylvania Infantry Volrm-· was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It pronoses to teers, anq ~ay him a pension at the rate of $20 per month in lieu of that he is ~ now recmvmg. place upon the pension roll the name of Matilda Waedel, widow The amendments wereagreed to. of Ferdinand Waedel, late private of Company H,_ Thirty-fifth The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend- Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, and to pay hera pension of S8 per ments were concurred in. ~~bill was ren. orted to the Senate without amendment, ordered The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. The title was amended so as to read: '~A bill granting an increase WILLIAM MANLEY._ of pension to Lewis E. Humpton." The bill (H. R. 1858) granting an increase of pension to Wil- LOUISA. HALE.. liam 1\Ianley was considered as jn Committee of the Whole~ It The bill (S. 4207) granting a pe-nsion to Louisa Hale was con- proposes to place on the pension roll the- name of William Man- sidered as in Committee of the Whole. ley, late private of Company L Sixteenth Regiment Michigan The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with Volunteer Infantry, and to pay him a pension of 850 per month amendments, in line .6, .before the word "stepmother," to strike in lieu of the pension he is now receiving. out" the" and insert" dependent;" and in line 8, after the word The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered "pension,, .to insert "at the rate;" as to make the bill read: to a third reading, read the- third time, and passed. 80 Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the lntel'ior be, and he hero by is, GEO&GE D. PHINNEY. authorized and directed to place on the pension roll. subject to the provisions ill (1:1' R. 4315) to increase the pension of George D. Phi.n- and limitations of the_l)ension laws, the name of Louisa Hale, dependentstep­ The b .u... mother of Joseph C. Hale, a corporal in Company D, Nineteenth Regiment ney was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes Kentucky Volunteer Infantry, and pay her a pension at the rate of 12 per to place on the pension roll the name of George D. Phinney, Jate month. of Company A, Seventh Wisconsin Infantry Volunteers, and to The amendments were agreed to: pay him a pension of S36 per month in lieu of the pension now Mr. GALLINGER. I move to further amend, in line 7, after being paid him. the name "Hale," by inserting the word "late;" so as to read:c The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered "late a corporal in ComJ?any D,''" etc. to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. The amendment was agreed to. PA..ULINE ROBBINS. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend- ments were concurred in. The bill (H. R. 3624) granting a pension to Pauline Robbins was The bill was ordere~ to be engrossed for a third reading,. read considered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to place the third time, and passed. · on the pension Toll the name of Pauline Robbins, the dependent and permanently helpless daughter of Elisha Robbins, late of Com- MARY ELLEN LAURIAT. pany I, One hundred and eighty-fourth Regiment New York Vol- The bill (S. 3276) granting a pension to Mary Ellen Lauriat unteer Infantry: and to pay her a pension of 812 per month. .was considered as in Committee of the Whole. The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. amendment, in line 8, after the word "pension," to strike out CHAUNCEY A. BRADLEY. "of 825 a month" and insert "at the rate of 812 per month;" so as to make the bill read: The bill (S. 4630) to increase the pension of Chauncey A. Brad- Be it enacted, ek, That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, ley was considered as in Committee of the Whole. authorized and directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the pl'ovisions The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an and limitations of the pensiOn laws, the name of Mary Ellen La.urizt, widow am.endment, in line 8, before the word" dollars," to strike out of George W. Lauriat,la.te a major of the Tliirty-second Massachusetts Vol­ " thirty-six" and insert ''thirty,·" so as to make th.e bi.ll read·. unteer Regiment, and pay her a pension at the rate of S12 pel' month in lieu of the pension she is now receivin~. Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the futerior- be, and he is hereby. The amendment was agreed to. authorized and directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend- a.n!llimi?Ltion.s of the pension laws, the name of Chauncey A. Bradley.Jate pnvate m Company A., One hundred and fourteenth Regiment New l!ork ment was concurred in. 6656 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JULY 4, .

The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a. third reading, read him an increase of" and insert "pay him a;" in line 7, before the the third time, and passed. word "dollars," to strike out "thirty'' and insert "twenty;" and The title was amended so as to read: "A bill granting an in­ in the same line, after the word" month," to insert "in lieu of that crease of pension to Mary Ellen La.uriat." he is now receiving;" so as to make the bill read: SARAH GRESHAM. Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to_lllace on the pension roll the name of Curti B. The bill (S. 409) to increase the pension of Sarah Gresham, ~clntosh, ~te of Company I, Twenty-third.Obio Volunteer Infantry, and pay widow of Col. Benjamin Q. A. Gresham, was considered as in him a pensiOn at the rate of $20 per month m lieu of that he is now receivmg. Committee of the Whole. The amendments were agreed to. The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an T4e bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ amendment, to strike out all after the enacting clause and insert: ments were concurred in. That the Secretary of the Int~rior be, and he is hereby, authorized and The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read directed to place on the pension ro],l, subject to the provisions and limitations the third time, and passed. of the pens10n laws, the name of Sarah Gresham, widow of Benjamin Q. A. Gresham, late colonel Third Indiana Volunteer Cavalry, and pay her a pen­ ANN GIBBONS. sion at the rate of $30 per month, in lieu of that she is now receivmg. The bill (H. R. 8266) to increase the pension of Ann Gibbons The amendment was agreed to. was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to place The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ the name of Ann Gibbons, dependent mother of John J. Gibbons, ment was concurred in. late captain of Company C, Sixty-second Regiment illinois Volun­ The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read teer Infantry, on the pension roll and to pay her a pension of 820 the third time, and passed. per month in lieu of that which she is now receiving. The title was amended so as to read: "A bill granting an in­ The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered crease of pension to Sarah Gresham." to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. VINTON MASSIE. WILLIAM H. WENDELL. The bill (S. 605) granting pension to Vinton Massie was con­ The bill (S. 2618) to increase the pension of William H. Wendell sidered as Committee of the Whole. was considered as in Committee of the Whole. The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an an amendment, to strike out all after the enacting clause and amendment, to strike out all after the enacting clause and insert: insert: That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions and limitations directed to place oa the pension roll, subject to the provisions and limita­ of the pension laws, the name of William H. Wendell, late captain and assist­ tions of the pensiol! laws, the name of Vinton Massie, late priyate, C01:l!-pany ant fluartermaster of volunteers, and pay him a pension at the rate of $20 per G, Nineteenth Regunent Iowa Volunteer Infantry, and pay him a pens10n at month in lieu of that he is now receivmg. the rate of $20 per month, in lieu of that he is now receiving. The amendment was agreed to. The amendment was agreed to. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ The bill was reported to the Senate a.s amended, and the amend­ ment was concurred in. ment was concurred in. The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read the third time, and passed. the third time, and passed. The title was amended so as to read: "A bill granting an in­ The title was amended so as to read: "A bill granting an in­ crease of pension to William H. Wendell." crease of pension to Vinton Massie." CLARUi'DA S. HILLMAN. JUSTIN 0. HOTTENSTEIN~ The bill (S. 569) granting an increase of pension to Clarinda S. The bill (H. R. 9295) granting an increase of pension to Justin Hillman was considered as in Committee of the Whole. · 0. Hottenstein was considered as in Committee of the Whole. The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with an The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with amendment, in line 9, before the word "month," to strike out amendments, in line 8, before. the word" dollars," to strike out "that she receive $20 a" and insert "pay her a pension at the rate "thirty" and insert "twenty-four;" and in the same line, after of $20 per;" so as to make the bill read: · the word "month," to insert"in lieu of that he is now receiving;" Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, so as to make the ~ill read: authorized and directed to place on the pension roll, subject to the provisions and limitations of the pens10n laws, the name of Clarinda S. Hillman, widow Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of ~he Interior.be, and he is h~r.eby of Erastus B. Hillman, late a soldier of the war of 1812, and pay her a. pension au horized and dirac ted to _place on the pensiOn roll, s~bJect to the prOYJSlOns at the rate of S20 per month in lieu of the pension she is now receiving. and limitations of the pension)a'Ys..... tJ:e name of Justin.O. Hotten;stem1 late of Company G, Twentieth Illinms lDI.antry, and 'Pay him a pens10n ati the The amendment was agreed to. rate of $24 par month in lieu of that be is now rece1ving. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ The amendments were agreed to. ment was concurred in. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ The bill was ordered to be engrossed for a third reading, read ments were concurred in. the third time, and passed. The amendments were ordered to be engrossed and the bill to be read a third time. DIANA CLARK. The bill was read the third time, and passed. The bill (H. R. 2673) granting an increase of pension to Diana Clark was considered as in Committee of the Whole. MARY :M'LAUGHLIN. The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions, with The bill (H. R. 3001) granting a pension to Mary McLaughlin amendments, in line 4, after the word "place," to strike out was considered as in Committee of the Whole. " upon" and insert "on;" and in the same line, after the word The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with "roll," to strike out "of the United States" and insert" subject amendments, in line 3, after the word" the," to strike out" Com­ to the provisions and limitations of the pension laws;" so as to missioner of Pension'3" and insert ",Secretary of the Interior;" make the bill read: and in line 8, before the word "dollars," to strike out "twenty" Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, and insert" twelve;" so as to make the bill read: authorized and directed to place on the pension roU, subject to the provisions and limitations of the pension laws, the name of Diana Clark, widow of Capt. Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and be is hereby, Charles Clark, of Company B, Thirtieth Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry, authorized and directed to place on the pens~on roll .the name of Mary Mc­ and pay her a pension at the rate of S12per month in lieu of the pension which Lau~hlin , widow of the late James McLaughlin, captam of Company L Tenth she now receives. Regiment Kansas State Militia, and pay her a pension at the rate of $1.2 per month. The amendments were agreed to. The amendments were agreed to. Mr. GALLINGER. After the name" Clark," in line 7, I move Mr. GALLINGER. In line 5, I move to strike out the word to insert the word '' late." "late;" and in line 6, before the word "captain," to insert the The amendment was agreed to. word "late." The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ The amendment was agreed to. ments were concurred in. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ The amendments were ordered to be engrossed and the bill to ments were concurred in. be read a third time. The amendments were ordered to be engrossed and the bill to The bill was r~ad the third time, and passed. be read a third time. • . CORYDON G. CRAFTS. The bill was read the third time, and passed. The bill (H. R. 8501) for the relief of Corydon G. Urafts was CURTIS B. M'INTOSH. considered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to place The bill (S. 3777) granting an increase of pension to cUrtis B. on the pension roll the name of Corydon G. Crafts, dependent Mcintosh was considered as in Committee of the Whole. and permanently helpless son of Moses Crafts, late of the Tenth The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensions with Regiment Maine Infantry Volunteers, and to pay him a pension amendmr.nts, in line 6, after the word" and," to strike out" grant of $12 per month. 1898. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 6657

The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered service, a. brevet or honorary rank can not, under existing laws, be conferred upon her; and to a third reading, read the third time, and :passed. . . Whereas in the OJ}inion of the President an honorable recognition of her The title was amended so as to read: "A b1ll grantmg a pens1on services and sufferings should be made: It is urd e-re~; That a testimonial thereof shall be hereby made and given to to Corydon G. Crafts." the said Dr. mary E. Walker, and that the usual medal of honor for meri­ CLARISSA. A.. Dill\IIA.M. torious services be given her. Given under my hand in the city of Washington, D. C., this lith day of The bill (H. R. 6427) for the relief of Clarissa A. Dunham, was November, A. D. 1865. considered as in Committee of the Whole. It proposes to place ANDREW JOHNSON. President. on the pension roll the name of Clarissa A. Dunham, the depend­ By the Pre.;ident: · ent stepmother of Marcus N. Dunham, late private of Company EDWIN M . ST.A.N"TON, Secretary of War. Claimant appears to have served as an acting assistant surgeon for fifteen D, United States Engineers, and to pay her a pension of $12 per months and to have been a prisoner of war for four months, and, as would be month. natural, her general health and constitution were greatly injured by the The bill was reported to the Senate without amendment, ordered strain of confinement and exposure. Dr. E. E. Phelps, medical director at Lou.lsville, Ky., testifies to her hav­ to .a third reading, read the third time, and ~assed. . . ing suffered from debility and prostration while under his charge at the fe­ The title was amended so as to read: "A b11lgrantingapens10n male military prison at Louisville, and other evidence tends to show that by to Clarissa A. Dunham." the hardships and exposure of the military service her general health was greatly impaired and has so continued ever since, and also that she contracted Mr. GALLINGER (at 4 o'clock and 35 minutes p.m.). I sug­ disease of eyes from which !'!he has continuously suffered ever since. gest that there are only five minutes left u~der ~he special ord~r; She filed and established a claim in the· Pension Office under the general and if any Senator wants to call up a spee1al b1ll, I hope he Wlll law for disease of eyes, and for that disability she has been pensioned at $8.50 per month (one-half total of rank as assistant sur~eon). She has claimed do so. that other disabilities, to wit, affection of lungs and Impairment of digestive Mr. COCKRELL. We can get through with the entire Pension organs, have resulted from her disease of eyes, but this has not been accepted Calendar in a few moments. by the medical authorities of the Pension Office, and the claim based thereon was rejected. :M:r. GALLINGER. I hope so. She appealed the claim to the Secretary of the Interior and the rejection JAMES E. EATON, was sustained. She appealed for reconsideration and tha.t appeal was over­ ruled. The action of the Pension Office and the Department appears to have The bill (H. R. 2497) to increase the pension of James E. Eaton, been strictly correct. The disabilities named are not shown to have been was considered as in Committee of the Whole. due to disease of eyes or in any way connected therewith, but the general The bill was reported from the Committee on Pensio~s with debilitated condition does appear to have been due to service and to have existed to a greater or less degree ever since, and by reason of such debili­ amendments, in line 4, after the name "Eaton," to strike out tated condition, together with disease of eyes, Dr. Walker would appear to be "upon the pension roll of the United States" and insert "late totally disabled for manual labor. landsman on the Princeton and Wissahickon, United States Navy, Had she served simply as a nurse for the length of time that she served in the higher capacity of assistant surgeon, she would, under the act of August on the pension roll;" and in line 8, before the word" dollars," to 5, 1&!2, be entitled to a pension of S12 per month. Her services were much strike out "twenty-four" and insert "twenty;" so as to make the more valuable and meritorious, involving much more hardship and exposure, bill read: and resulted in greatly injuring her general health. For these services she was commended by the officers under whom she served, by the President, Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he is hereby, and by the Congress. authorized and directed to place the name of James E. Eaton, late la"?dsman She is now 66 years of age and poor, and it certainly is not improper for on the Princeton and Wissahickon, United States N!'LVY:, on the pensw.n roll, Congress to make some provision for her support for the remainder of her and pay him a pension at the rate of S20 per month m heu of the pensiOn he life. is now receiving. The bill is reported back with the recommendation that iii pa'IS. The amendments were agreed to. The bill was reported to the Senate as amended, and the amend­ Mr. GRAY. Mr. President, I know how many of these cases go through; how they appeal to the good nature of Congress in ments were concurred in. dealing with other people's money. It is very easy to be chari­ The amendments were ordered to be engrossed and the bill to table when we are thus dealing. But I do think we owe it to our­ be read a third time. selves and to the country to make some scrutiny of these cases. The bill was read the third time, and passed. It appears that in this lady's case her application, on the ground The title was amended so as to read: "A bill granting an in- of disability incurred in the service, in addition to the affection of crease of pension to James E. Eaton." · her eyes, has been rejected by competent medical authority, and MARY E. W A.LKER. that upon appeal from that decision to the Secretary of the Inte­ The bill (H. R. 9732) granting an increase of pension to Mary rior the rejection has been confirmed. There is not one syllable E. Walker was considered as in Committee of the Whole. It in the report which overrides or in any way contravenes, by any­ proposes to place on the pension roll the name of Mary E. Walker, thing that may be called the semblance of evidence, that rejec­ late an acting assistant or contract surgeon in the United States tion by the competent pension authorities. Army, and to pay her a pension of $20 per month in lieu of that Our pension laws are exceedingly liberal, and are open to criti­ she is now receiving. cism, almost, on account of their liberality, and I see nothing in Mr. GRAY. Is there a report in this case? If there is, I should the report to entitle this lady, who I have no doubt is very worthy like to hear it, in order to ascertain upon what ground the pension and has been patriotic~ to any recognition that hundreds of other is asked for. women are not entitled to on grounds just as strong. If we are Mr. GALLINGEH.. There is a report. The Senate committee to pension this woman, we must pension every other woman who adopted the report of the House committee. has rendered patriotic service without any pay. She was a con­ The VICE-PRESIDENT. The report will be read. tract surgeon, according to the report, and received $100 a month The Secretary read the report submitted by Mr. HANSBROUGH for her services. I have no doubt she considered that ample com­ Jnne 25, 1898, as follows: pensation at the time, and while there is a suggestion there is no The Committee on Pensions, to whom was referred the bill (H. R. 9732) a1legation which amounts to a convincing statement that she in­ granting an increase of pension to Mary E. Walker, have examined the same curred, by reason of her servic~, any other disability than the and report: The report of the Committee on Invalid Pensions of the House of Repre­ affection of the eyes; and for that she has already been pen- sentatives, hereto appended, is adopted, and the passage or the bill is recom- sioned. ' mended. · Mr. TELLER. Mr. President, we do not allow pensions by Congressional a-ction upon the theory that the Department h;uz HOUSE REPORT. made a mistake; it is not an overruling of the Department. But This bill as amended proposes to increase from $8.50 to $20 per month the we do it because of the inability of the party to make proof to the pension of Mary E. Walker, of the city of Washington, who served as acting assistant or contract surgeon, United States Army, from March 11, 1864, to satisfaction of the Department or because we think the condition June 12,1865, when her service was honorably terminated. Her original ap­ is such that it is a case for the equitable consideration of Cong1~ess. pointment was by order of Major-General Thomas, and she appears to have That is the theory upon which special bills are granted. It is been paid SSO per month. In September, 1864, on the r ecommendation of General Thomas, she was employed under contract at S100 per mont h and as­ very likely that there are a great many others just as deserving as signed to the female prison at Louisville, Ky., where she was on duty until Dr. MaryWalker- May 25, 1865. She was given a medal of honor by Congress and was highly .Mr. GRAY. Or as undeserving. commended by Edw. E. Phelps, M.D., LL: D., medical director at Louisville. Mr. TELLER. But perhaps they have not presented them­ The following is a copy of an Executive order in her case: selves, or perhaps we have already provided for their relief. Dr. EXECUTIVE OFFICE. Whereas it appears from official reports that Dr. Mary E. Walker, a gradu­ Mary Walker was a contract surgeon, and she was · entitled to a ate of medicine, "has rendered valuable service to the Government, and her pension, according to law, if she proved disability, which she did, efforts have been earnest and untiring in a variety of ways," and that she and she proved that the disability for which she is pensioned did was assigned to duty and served as an assistant surgeon in charge of female occur because of her service. prisoners at Louisville, Ky., upon the recommendation of Major-Generals Sherman· and Thomas and faithfully served as contract surgeon in the She has certainly, as everybody who has known her knows, been service of the United States, and has devoted herself with much patriotic for many years in -very bad health, to say nothing further about zeal to the sick and wounded soldiers, both in the field and hospitals, to the it. I understand she is extremely poor. I think she rendered detriment of her own health, and has also endured hardships as a prisoner of war four months in a Southern prison while acting as contract surgeon; and very good service to the Government of the United States. She Whereas, by reason of her not being a commissioned officer in the military did some very good things. She accompanied very many sick XXXI-417 6658 OONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. JULY 4, and wounded soldiers to their hom.BB, :and she has been very gen­ Office. She has applied for an increase, and the Pension Offiee erous in her treatment .of those _people ever since whene-ver she has rejected the application for an increase. The Pension Com­ has bad any funds. I do not know who made the .report or any­ mittee bas reported in favor of granting an increase. thing n.bout it. Now, that is all there is in this case. Congress is not setting a Th·. GALLINGER. Mr. President, it is proper I should say precedent of granting a pension to some one not entitled to it by that I did not make the re_port. It was written by a member of existing law. That would be a dangerous precedent. That class the Rouse. I do not know by wnom .. of cases, I will say to my friend from Delaware, I have continu­ Mr. TELLER. Is it a House bill? ally opposed. But here is a case where the claimant is -entitled to :Mr. GALLINGER. Yes. The House passed the billa.nd sent a _pension, as construed by the Department of the Government it to our committee. The bill was referred to the Senator from having absolute charge of pensions. Being the judge of the law North Dakota [Mr. HANSBROUGH] as a subcommittee, and here­ and the fact, it has decided her to be entitled to a pension and has ported it to the full committee, and his report was adopted by the given her 88.50 a month. The only question is as to whether that full committee. is a reasonable amount according to the disability? The Pen ion I confess that I have entertained prejudices in this case. I have Office says it is all that her disability justifies, and the Committee been somewhat importuned of late years in regard to it and have on Pensions proposes an increase. Now, the only question is in refused to consider it outside of the committee room. It has not the increase, and it does not involve the making of a new class of come to me in the committee room, or I should have given it con­ pensionable cases. sideration. But I confess I was very much surprised wben I read The VJCE-PRESIDENT. The Senator from illinois moves that the report to find that this woman rendered the service she did the Senate proceed to the consideration of executive business. render during the late war. I was surprised to learn that she Mr. TELLER (to :Mr. CULLOM). Withdraw that motion ana was actually employed as a contract surgeon. I -had fon;n~rly let us take a vote on the bill. entertained the opinion that she was not an educated physician. Mr. CULLOM. The Senator from Colorado and others insist I do not know how highly educated she is, but it seems she was upon my withd1·awing the motion. .I will do so. employed and did render service as a physician, and I have no Mr. TELLER. Let us have a vote on the question. doubt she Tendered valuable service to the soldiers. I am not The VICE-PRESIDENT. The bill is in Committee of the Whole quite ·sure that I ought not to say this, since the bill has been and open to amendment. r ~-;Jo rted, as a matter of self-defense of the committee. The bill was reported to the Senate witliout amendment, ordered 1 trust the Senator from Delaware will let the bill go through. to a third reading, read the third time, and passed. Unfortunately we are passing a great many bills where we have EXECUTIVE SESSION, not proof. We are passing some bill~ that are in the n~ture of Mr. CULLOM. I renew my motion. charity. Perha1>s we ought not to do It. I revolt every trme one The VICE-PRESIDENT. The Senator from Illinois moves comes to me, but we do something in that line in our pension leg­ that the Senate proceed to the consideration of executive business. islation. There is a great deal of pressure for individual bills. 1 The motion was agreed to; and the Senate proceeded to the con· think this bill is quite as meritorious as a good many ot?ers, and siderati.on of executive business. After eighteen minutes .spent in view of the fact that this woman's labors and serviCes were in executive session the doors were reopened, and (at 5 o'clock recognized to the extent they were by the President of the United and 15 minutes p. m.) the Senate adjourned until to-morrow, States, and I think the report says by Congress-I have not looked Tuesday, July 5, 1898, at 11 o'clock a. m. it up to see whether any action ever was taken by Congress-I have an impression that her advanced age, which likewise is a surprise to me, and her poverty and the service she rendered may NOMINATIONS. justify us in passing the bill. I am not going to urge it particu­ Executive nominations received by the Senate July 4, 1898. larly, but I think it might be passed. PROMOTIONS IN THE NAVY, M.r. GRAY. I wish to say one word about the matter of pen­ Capt. William S. Muse, United States Marine Corps, to be a sions. 1 am in favor of liberal pensions to every man o.r woman, major in said corps, from the 2d day of June, 1898, vice Maj. Per­ if there be such a woman, who is worse for having served the cival C. Pope, promoted. country in war time. I believe that in many cases more liberal P. A. Surg. Louis W. Atlee, to be a surgeon in the Navy, from pensions than are paid by the general pension laws ought to be the 18th day of June, 1898, vice Sm·g. Remus C. Persons, pro­ paid to those who have suffered in mind, body, or estate, as the moted. book of common prayer says, by reason of devotion to country and Alfred Gilbert Grunwell, a citizen of VIrginia, to be an assist­ service to or in the armies of the United States. But 1 also believe ant surgeon in the Navy, to fill a vacancy existing in that grade. that spirit on the part of the peo_ple of this country and the Gov­ Lieut. (Junior Grade) Harry A. Field, to be a lieutenant in the ernment of this country toward those who have served it should Navy, from the 1st day of May, 1898, vice Lieut. Kossuth Niles, be protected. I believe that the pension roll, as it has been called promoted. by some, should be a I'Oll of honor, and I do believe we owe it to Ensign Albert L. Norton, to be a lieutenant (junior grade) in the country, we owe it to ourselves and t? O';Ir ~~ self-res~ect the Navy, from the 1st day of May, 1898 (subject to the examina­ some time to call a halt upon the matter of mdiscrrmmate charity. tions required by law), vice Lieut. (Junior Gratle) Harry A. Field, If this worthy lady is suffering, she is suffering like thousands promoted. · of other women are suffering all over our country who must help Lieut. Commander William S. Cowles, to be a commander in the pay this pension, and if she is right here at our door, while we are Navy, from the 5th day of June, 1898, vice Commander John affected by suffering Tight before us and not by that far away, let Schouler, promoted. us put our hands into our pockets and help her, but do not let us Commodore Frederick V. McNair, to be a rear-admiral in tha establish a precedent that everyone who is badly off and has come Navy, from the 3d day of July, 1898, vice Rear-Admiral William to feel the pinch of hard times has a right to turn to the common A. Kirkland, retired. Treasury for relief. It is bound to get us into n·ouble and it has Capt. William T. Sampson, to be a commodore in the Navy, from got us into trouble. . . the 3d day of July, 1898 (subject to the examinations required by It is a dangerous precedent, and I for one, while not wanting to law), vice Commodore Frederick V. N eN air, promoted. make a special case of this poor lady, do think we ought to pause Commander Francis W. Dickins, to be a captain in the Navy, before we, upon such a statement as that, grant a pension of $20 from the 3d day of July, 1898, vice Capt. William T. Sampson, a month to her, when there are thousands and hundreds of thou­ promoted. · sands of worthy women dependent upon their own exertions, in old age or approaching old age, in want, who are without relief and have no pretense upon which to apply to the Government of CONFffiMATIONS. the United States. Therefore I am opposed to the bill. Executive nominations conji:rmed by the Senate July 4, 1898. 1\Ir. CULLOM. I move that the Senate proceed to the consid­ PROMOTIONS IN THE NAVY. eration of executive business. Lieut. John B. Bernadou, United States Navy, to be advanced Mr. COCKRELL. One minute. I desire to say a word on the ten numbers on the list of lieutenants, from No. 201 to No. 191, bill. under the provisions of section 1506 of the Revised Statutes, for Mr. CULLOM. Very well; I withdraw the motion to enable eminent and conspicuous conduct in battle at Cardenas on :May the Senator from Missouri to address the Senate. 11, 1898. Mr. COCKRELL. Mr. President, there was a time, some years Asst. Paymaster Richard Hatton, to be a passed assistant pay­ ago, when I opposed a similar bill. Dr. Walker applied to the master. Pension Office for a pension. The Pension Office decided that she Asst. Paymaster Barron P. Du Bois, to be a passed assistant was entitled to a pension, and granted her a pension of $8.50 a paymaster. nwnth. I confess I was a little surprised at that, because I Asst. Paymaster Harry E. Biscoe, to be a passed assistant pay­ thought it had been granted by special act of Congress, master. .Mr. TELLER. No. · Asst. Paymaster John Irwin, jr., to be a passed assistant pay· Mr. COCKRELL, But it seems it was granted by the Pension master, ~898. ,. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE.

Asst. Paymaste1· George G. Seibels, to be a passed assistant pay- . TENTH REGIMENT OF L~FA.NTRY, m.aster. . To be second lieutenant. Asst. Paymaster Edmund W. Bonnaffon, to be a passed assistant RobertS. Hansbury, of Pennsylvania. paymaster. . Asst. Paymaster Joseph Fyffe, to be a passed assistant paymas- TO BE A.DDITIONA.L PA.YM.A.STER, ter. Philip Dallam, of Illinois. APPOINTMENTS IN TRE VOLUNTEER ARMY, FIRST REGiliEl-I""T OF ENGINEERS. SIXTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY, To be assistant su1·geon with the 1·ank of ji1·st lieutenant, To be captains. Walter D. Webb, of New York. Ike T. Jobe, of Kentucky. COLLECTOR OF CUS'l'OMS. William H. Gillenwaters, of Tennessee. John R. Tolbert, of South Carolina, to be collector of customs William B. Penny, of Kentucky. for the district of Charleston, in the State of South Carolina. Benjamin W. Hooper, of Tennessee. Winston Baird, of Tennessee. POSTMASTERS. Douglas E. McDowell, of Tennessee. Frank M. Hoeye, to be postmaster at Perry, in the county of James J. Bowers, of Tennessee. Dallas and State of Iowa. Ch-arles W. Wadsworth, of Tennessee. Seth B. Strong, to be postmaster at Houston, in the county of Oliver E. Fox, of Tennessee. Harris and State of Texas. Xenophon Z. Hicks, of Tennessee. William T. Black, to be postmaster at Mount Pleasant, in the To be fi?·st lieutenants, county of Titus and State of Texas. Robert T. Bartley, to be postmaster at Ladonia, in the county Frank E. Murphy, of Tennessee. of Fannin and Stat-e of Texas. Thomas A. Davis, of Tennessee. Laban L. Jenkins, to be postmaster at Gastonia, in the county George F. Milton, of Tennessee. of Gaston and State of North Carolina. James P. Clark, of Tennessee. Mark St-ernberger, to be postmaster at Jackson, in the cqunty Frederick H. Gregg, of Tenn~ssee. of Jackson and State of Ohio. Edgar R .. Carter, of Tennessee. Stephen G. Newman, to be postmaster at Haverstraw, in the Jolin T. Fuller, of Tennessee. county of Rockland and State of New York. · Thomas F. Peck, of Tennessee. Jay Jackson, to be postmaster at Pine Plains, in the county of Jacob B. French, of Tennessee. Dutchess and State of New York. Frank Maloney, of Tennessee. Lou Routhan Dennis. of Tennesse. Autry Greer, of Tenriessoo, vice Wright, deelinedt To be second lieutenants. SENATE. James W. Park, of Tennessee. TUESDAY, July 5,1898. Han-is Lindsley, of the District of Collllllbia. Frank L. Case, of Tennessee. The Senate1net at 11 o'clock a.m. Grant T. Trent, of Tennessee. Prayer by Rev. J. F. HEISSE, of the city of Washington. Cornelius C. Williams, of Tennessee. The Secretary proceeded to read the Journal of yesterday's pro­ Elmer E. Honk, of Tennessee. ceedings, when, on motion of Mr. DA vrs, and by unanimous con­ Samuel F. Rogers, of Tennessee. sent1 the further rea.ding was dispensed with. Harry A. Sizer, of Tennessee. COLLECTORS OF INTERNAL REVEr..'"UE. Andrew J. Brown, jr., of Tennessee. The VICE-PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communica· John Q. Tilson, of Tennessee. tion from the Secreta.Ty of the Treasury transmitting a letter THIRD REGIM.E...~T OF L~FA.NTRY, from the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, submitting an esti­ To be captains. mate of deficiency in the appropriation for "Salaries and expen ~ s of collectors of internal revenue" for the fiscal year ended June John D. Twiggs, jr., of Georgia. 30, 1898, $30,000; whieh, with the accompanying paper, was re­ Frank R. Frost, of South Carolina. ferred to the Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to be To be first lieutenants. printed. Albert W. Gilchrist, of Florida. REPORTS OF A COMMITTEE, Rex Van Den Corput, of Georgia. Mr. PASCO, from the Committee on Military Affairs, to whom Robert B. McBride, of Georgia. was referred the bill (H. R. 1037) to remove the ch.arge of deser­ To be second lieutenmu. tion standing against the name of Patrick Dougherty, Company Martin L. Williams, of Florida. A, Thirteenth New York Volunteer Infantry, reported it without FOURTH REGlliENT OF L'ITA.NTRY, amendment, and submitted a report thereon. Mr. SEWELL, from the Committee on Military Affairs, to whom To be first lieutenant. was referred the bill (S. 4831) fixing the rank of the Adjutant­ Charles C. Berkeley, of Virginia. General of the Army, reported it with amendments. · To be second lie-utenants. He also, from the same committee, to whom was referred the Lawrence W. H. Peyton, of Virginia, joint resolution (H. Res. 270) to corr.ect an omission relative to signal officers on the staff of corps commanders reported it with James B. Adams, of Maryland. 1 Thomas M. Clinton, of Maryland. amendments. JULIA. MOOllli SELDEN, FIFTH REGlllENT OF INFANTRY. Mr. CLAY, from the Committee on Claims, to whom was re· To be assistant surgeon with the rank of fi1·st lie'utenant, ferred the bill (S: 4418) for the relief of Julia Moore Selden, reported Charles P. Pollard, of Alabama. the following resolution; which was considered by unanimous con- Nilfi'H REGIMENT OF INFANTRY, sent, and agreed to: ' To be captains. Resolved, That the bill (S. «18) entitled "A bill for the r elief of J ulia Moore Selden," now pending in the Senate, together with all the accompanying pa­ James Henry Aldrich, of Louisiana. pers, be, and the same is hereby, referred to the Court of Claims, in pursu­ Frank E. Patrick, of Louisiana. ance of the .provisions of an act entitled "An act t o provide for the bnnging of suits agamst the Government of the United States," approved March 3, Robert M. Nolan, of Louisiana. 1887. And the said court shall proceed with the same in accordance with the Willis P. Coleman, of Louisiana. provisions of such act, and report to the Senate in accordance therewith. William Lowry, of Louisiana. ESTATE OF DANIEL LAKE, To be first lieutenants. Mr. CLAY, from the Committee on Claims, to whom was re­ Louis E. Brown, of Texas. ferred the bill (8. 4393) for the relief of the estate of Daniel Lake. Sterling P. Brown, of Louisiana. deceased, reported the following resolution; which wal'! considered Louis A. Barnett, of Louisiana. by unanimous consent, and agreed to: Nelson A. Smiley, of Texas. Resolved, That the bill (S. 4393) entitled" A bill for the r elief of the estate To be second lieutenants. of Daniel Lake, deceased,'' now pending in the Senate, together with all the accompanying papers, be, and the same is hereby, referred to the Court of Adolph J. Wakefielt1., of Texas. Claims, in pursuance o! the provisions of an act entitled " .An act to provide Philip Philipson, of Louisiana. for the bringing of suits against the Government of the United States," ap· proved March 3, 1887. And the said court shall proceed with :the same in ac­ George W. Butler, of Louisiana, cordance with the provisions of such act, and report to the Senate in accord­ W aJ1a.ce D. Seals, of Texas. ance therewith.