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Historic Resource Study: Williamsport, Maryland

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Historic Resource Study: Williamsport, Maryland Historic Resource Study Williamsport, Maryland Historical Data Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park Md – D.C. – W.Va. By Edward Smith Denver Service Center National Capital Team National Park Service United States Department of the Interior Denver, Colorado July 25, 1979 CONTENTS PREFACE v RECOMMENDATIONS vii Chapter 1: Early Indian Inhabitants and Early European Settlers 1 Chapter 2: The Conococheague Creek–Potomac River Area, 1765–1786 5 Chapter 3: Williamsport and the New Nation, 1786–1822 9 Chapter 4: Williamsport Anticipates the Canal, 1823–1835 28 Chapter 5: Williamsport and the Canal in Operation, 1835–1850 48 Chapter 6: Williamsport and the Canal in Operation, 1850–1860 66 Chapter 7: Williamsport and the Canal during the Civil War, 1860–1865 73 Chapter 8: Williamsport and the Canal in Operation, 1865–1889 90 Chapter 9: Williamsport and the Final Years of the Canal, 1890–1924 101 Chapter 10: Williamsport and the Remains of the Canal, 1924–1979 112 APPENDIXES A. Copy of original plat of Williams Port recorded in the Washington County 122 Courthouse, May 16, 1787 in Liber E, folio 421 [Not available] B. An act for establishing the temporary and permanent seat of Government 123 of the United States C. Message from President Washington accompanying proclamation 124 concerning the selection of the capital D. An act to amend “An act for establishing the temporary and permanent 125 Seat of the Government of the United States. E. Mackall Map drawn in 1896 from original deeds [Not available] 126 F. G.H. Profile Maps of Sections 186–188 found in Drawings and Other Records 127 Concerning Construction, 1828–1937, C & O Co [Not available] I. Sketch Map of Basin Area (1838) showing location of J. A. Magruder’s 128 Proposed Warehouse, taken from Rogers [Report] to Ingle, December 28, 1838, Ltrs. Recd., C & O Co. [Not available] J. James A. Magruder, Report of G. W. Rogers, Referred January 9, 1839 to the 129 President, Wm Gunton & Phineas Janney, in Ltrs. Recd., C&O Co. [Not available] K. Map Showing “White’s Addition to Williamsport” drawn by S. S. Dowin, 130 October 4, 1867, recorded in Washington County Land Records, Liber 89, folio 168 [Not available L. Plat of Williamsport, Md., drawn by S. S. Downin, August 28, 1891, 131 recorded in Washington County Land Records, Liber 97, folio 698 M. “Map of Lots Laid off adjoining Wms. Port above Lock 44 Bounded on the 132 West by the Ches. & Ohio Canal,” drawn by S. S, Downin, 1882, recorded in the Washington County Land Records, Liber 81, folio 704. [Not available] N. Copy of A. J. Pott’s letter and petition showing the signatures of nineteen 133 Other citizens who were doing business on the canal at Williamsport in 1865. [Not available] ii Contents iii O. Map of Williamsport (1877) taken from An Illustrated Atlas of Washington 134 County, Maryland (1877), page 39 P. Map of Williamsport (this is a drawing of the original 1787 map) drawn 135 by S. S. Downin in 1876, recorded in Washington County Land Records, Liber 75, folio 719 [Not available] Q. Copy of article and advertisement entitled, “Williamsport, Maryland, in Brief, 136 and its Progressive Citizens,” originally printed sometime in the late 1890s [Transcription of article only] R. Random Letterheads taken from Ltrs. Recd. By the Chesapeake and Ohio 137 Transportation Company and by the Canal Towage Company, 1900–1915 [Not available] S. Property Map and Right-of-Way of Washington and Berkeley Bridge 138 Company, taken from Plat Files, Washington County Land Records, Washington County Courthouse, Hagerstown, Md [Not Available] T. Masonry Plan C & O Canal Crossing, Williamsport, Maryland, Nov. 1922 139 [Not available] U. Steel Plan, C & O Canal Crossing, Williamsport, Md., Nov. 1922 [Not available] 140 V. Sanderson’s and Porter’s Blueprint Number 511-S1: Proposed Dam Across 141 Potomac River, Williamsport Power Co [Not available] W. Williamsport Power Company Specifications for Dam Across Potomac 142 River To Maintain A Pool For Condensing Water Purposes X. Sanderson’s and Porter’s Blueprint Number 510-B-2: Property Plan 143 Williamsport Power Station, Williamsport Power Company [Not available] Y. Letters regarding the Potomac Public Service Company’s request in 1923 to 144 be allowed to locate a tower and poles on the canal company’s land near the basin north of the aqueduct [Transcriptions only] Z. Blueprint (1923) showing proposed location of tower and poles by the Potomac 147 Public Service Co. on canal company land near the basin north of the Aqueduct [Not available] A1. Blueprint showing Railroad Track Layout, Williamsport Power Station, 148 Williamsport, Md., Sanderson and Porter Engineers, April 20, 1923 [Not available] A2 Blueprint showing proposed Rail Road Track on Chesapeake and Ohio Canal l49 Property, Williamsport Power Station, Williamsport, Md., Sanderson and Porter Engineers, May 2, 1923 [Not available] B1 Blueprint accompanying letter of proposal to drain stagnant water from the 150 canal at Williamsport, December 1, 1933 [Not available] B2 Letters regarding proposal of Civil Works Administration to drain stagnant 151 water from the canal at Williamsport in December of 1933 [Transcription only] C1 Roughly Drawn Map Showing Remaining Structures and Ruins along 154 C & O Canal at Williamsport in 1979 C2 Map showing Corporate Boundaries of Williamsport, December 1960 155 D1. Map dated Sept. 1926 [?] shows Stake’s Addition to Williamsport [Not available] 156 D2 Map showing Williamsport Election District (Dist. No. 2) in 1877, taken from 157 An Illustrated Atlas of Washington County, Maryland (1877) E1 Plat of Humrichouse First Addition to Williamsport drawn in July 1907 158 iv Contents BIBLIOGRAPHY 159 ILLUSTRATIONS 164 Plat 1: Railroad Lift Bridge shown here immediately after its completion. 165 Plat 2: Williamsport in 1935 before the 1936 flood. [Not available.] 166 Plat 3: Williamsport during the 1936 flood. 167 Plat 4: Hagerstown Pumping Station above Williamsport during the 168 1936 flood. Plat 5: Williamsport during the 1936 flood. 169 Plat 6: Williamsport during the 1936 flood. 170 Plat 7: Conococheague Aqueduct at Williamsport. Date unknown. 171 Plat 8: The canal at Williamsport showing part of main turning basin. 172 Date unknown. Plat 9: The canal at Williamsport showing area between the Bollman Bridge 173 and Lock 44. Date unknown. PREFACE This study report has been prepared to satisfy in part the research needs for the preservation and interpretation of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal within the town of Williamsport, Maryland. This study report should serve as a valuable aid in the preparation of a development concept plan (DCP) for the Williamsport Area of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park. The canal at Williamsport is in a good state of preservation. The major alterations to the canal in this area have been the filling in of the two basins (near Lock 44 and at Cushwa’s Warehouse) within the town and the filling in of the basin just north of the aqueduct. There are several remaining canal structures at Williamsport. The canal structures are: Lock 44; Lockhouse 44; Shed at Lockhouse 44; Bollman Bridge; Railroad Lift Bridge; and Aqueduct 5. All of these structures are well preserved.1 In addition to the above structures, a Creosote Stand and a Stubbing Post are still standing at Lock 44. There are also two canal-related structures standing at Williamsport. They are: the Cushwa Warehouse; and the Original Williamsport Pow- er House. Both of these structures are also in good condition. Several ruins can also still be seen along the canal at Williamsport. The ruins of the combination Carpenter Shop and Store can still be seen on the berm bank. Steffey and Findlay’s coal firm once stood at the upper end of this wall. F. H. Darby’s mill once stood at the lower end of the wall. Farther up the canal at the main or Cushwa Basin, the foundation of the Cottrill Slaughterhouse can still be seen. The wall around the Cushwa Basin can also still be seen.2 In accordance with the National Park Service’s Activity Standards of 1971, this study deals with the historical background of a previously unstudied area of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Na- tional Historical Park. Although historic structure reports (historical data) have been prepared on at least five of the canal and canal-related structures at Williamsport, there has not been a study devoted solely to the canal at Williamsport.3 In the private sector, Scharf’s History of Western Maryland (1882) and Williams’ History of Washington County, Maryland (1906) both deal at some length with the history of Williamsport. Neither of these sources are footnoted, however, and both of them contain little primary documentation on the canal. The only other source that deals at any length with the history of Williamsport, is a short publication by the Williamsport Chamber of Commerce entitled, Williamsport and Vicinity Reminiscences (1933). This source also contains no footnotes or bibliography, and cannot be considered a scholarly work. The primary importance of this historic resource study lies in its attempt to present a detailed his- tory of the canal at Williamsport. The study is also important because it has relied to a great ex- tant upon primary sources. 1 The house at Lock 44 was restored in 1978. 2 For the approximate locations of all the remaining canal and canal related structures and ruins at Williamsport see Appendix C1. 3 Historic Structure Reports (historical data) have been done on the following structures at Williamsport: Bollman Bridge; Railroad Lift Bridge; Conococheague Aqueduct; Cushwa Warehouse and the Original Williamsport Power House. Some historical data on Lock 44 appears in Harlan D. Unrau’s HSR, The Masonry Locks (Denver: NPS, 1978).
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