Key Concepts in Communication and Cultural Studies, Second Edition
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The Ideological Origins of the Population Association of America
Fairfield University DigitalCommons@Fairfield Sociology & Anthropology Faculty Publications Sociology & Anthropology Department 3-1991 The ideological origins of the Population Association of America Dennis Hodgson Fairfield University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/sociologyandanthropology- facultypubs Archived with permission from the copyright holder. Copyright 1991 Wiley and Population Council. Link to the journal homepage: (http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/padr) Peer Reviewed Repository Citation Hodgson, Dennis, "The ideological origins of the Population Association of America" (1991). Sociology & Anthropology Faculty Publications. 32. https://digitalcommons.fairfield.edu/sociologyandanthropology-facultypubs/32 Published Citation Hodgson, Dennis. "The ideological origins of the Population Association of America." Population and Development Review 17, no. 1 (March 1991): 1-34. This item has been accepted for inclusion in DigitalCommons@Fairfield by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Fairfield. It is brought to you by DigitalCommons@Fairfield with permission from the rights- holder(s) and is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/or on the work itself. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Ideological Origins of the Population Association of America DENNIS HODGSON THE FIELD OF POPULATION in the United States early in this century was quite diffuse. There were no academic programs producing certified demographers, no body of theory and methods that all agreed constituted the field, no consensus on which population problems posed the most serious threat to the nation or human welfare more generally. -
Encoding/Decoding, the Transmission Model and a Court of Law
Final Revision: Title: Encoding/Decoding, the Transmission Model and a Court of Law Keyan G. Tomaselli Abstract: Stuart Hall’s encoding/decoding model is discussed in terms of CS Peirce’s theory of the interpreter and interpretant. This historical semiotic window frames an example to which the Hall model was applied in South Africa to oppose a military dirty tricks campaign that involved a Supreme Court case brought against the Minister of Defence by the End Conscription Campaign (ECC) requiring him to cease his disinformation against the ECC. The Minister’s own expert had proposed a transmission model of communication that was defeated by the Peirce-Hall combination. The author argues that the model can be massively strengthened when combined with Peirceian semiotics. Keywords: Stuart Hall, encoding/decoding, CS Peirce, Phaneroscopy, semiotics, reception Media-society relations are best studied within the broader conceptual environment facilitated by the circuit of culture model (Du Gay et al., 1997) that mimics Karl Marx’s circle of capitalist production, distribution and exchange. The model implicitly incorporated Stuart Hall’s (1981) ground-breaking encoding-decoding relationship. My argument will be that Charles Sanders Peirce’s (Hartshorne and Weiss, 1931-5) idea of the ‘interpretant’ – the idea to which the sign gives rise - was a crucial, if unspoken, progenitor of Hall’s model. Working at the same time as Hall, Umberto Eco (1972) had proposed “aberrant decoding” on which Hall must have drawn, as his chapter refers to a semiological article on encoding. The early Stencilled Occasional Paper and Hutchinson book series’ that mapped out the early Birmingham University Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) project under Stuart Hall’s leadership identified the following semiological/semiotic sources also: Roland Barthes, Jonathan Culler and V.I. -
Toward a More Effective Pedagogy by Jonathan Godwin a Thesis
Film in the Classroom: Toward a More Effective Pedagogy by Jonathan Godwin A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Anthropology College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: S. Elizabeth Bird, Ph.D. Brent Weisman, Ph.D. Jonathan Gayles, Ph.D. Date of Approval: November 21, 2003 Keywords: film, audience, semiotics, representation, media, © Copyright 2003, Jonathan Godwin Acknowledgements First, I would like to thank my parents for their incredible and constant support, both financially and spiritually, especially throughout my entire academic career. I simply cannot imagine where I would be right now with out the unbelievable help they always have given so selflessly. Secondly, I want to thank Dr. Tim Wallace at North Carolina State University for being the right person at the right time in my life. Tim introduced me to anthropology, now a lifelong pursuit, at I time when I had little direction in life. I owe my career to his enthusiasm for what he teaches as well as his tireless efforts to bring students to actually experience anthropology in the field. I thank him for giving me all the opportunities with the field school in Costa Rica, presenting papers at conferences, and generally for an unimaginable patience with me over the years and most of all for being a good- hearted, enjoyable friend throughout it all. I would never be writing these words if not for him. Thanks Tim. And thanks to Jon Carter for being endlessly available to discuss and develop ideas, another person to whom I owe so much. -
Las Alas De Ícaro: El Trailer Cinematogáfico, Un Tejido Artístico De Sueños
Las Alas de Ícaro: El un tejido artístico de sueños. Las Alas de Ícaro: El trailer cinematogáfico, un tejido artístico de sueños. Tesis doctoral presentada por María Lois Campos, bajo la dirección del doctor D. José Chavete Rodríguez. Facultad de Bellas Artes, Departamento de Pintura de la Universidad de Vigo. Pontevedra 2014 / 2015 AGRADECIMIENTOS Quiero expresar mis más sincero agradecimiento a todas aquellas personas que me han apoyado y motivado a lo largo de mis estudios. Voy a expresar de un modo especial mis agradecimientos: • En particular agradezco al Profesor José Chavete Rodríguez la confianza que ha depositado en mí para la realización de esta investigación; por su apoyo, trato esquisito, motivación constante y sabios consejos a lo largo de dicho proceso. • En especial agradezco a Joaquina Ramilo Rouco (Documentalista- Information Manager) su paciencia a la hora de intentar resolver mis dudas. • También expreso mi reconocimiento al servicio de Préstamo Interbibliotecario (Tita y Asunción) y al servicio de Referencia de la Universidad de Vigo, así como a Héctor, Morquecho, Fernando, Begoña (Biblioteca de Ciencias Sociales de Pontevedra) y al personal de la Biblioteca de Torrecedeira en Vigo. • Quisiera hacer extensiva mi gratitud al profesor Suso Novás Andrade y a Ana Celia (Biblioteca de Bellas Artes) por el tiempo invertido a la hora de solventar mis dudas a lo largo del proceso de investigación. • Debo asimismo, mostrar un agradecimiento ante el hecho de haber sido alumna de Juan Luís Moraza Pérez, Consuelo Matesanz Pérez, Manuel Sendón Trillo, Fernando Estarque Casás, Alberto Ruíz de Samaniego y Rosa Elvira Caamaño Fernández, entre otros profesores, por haber aportado sus conocimientos, así como mostrarme otros universos en torno al arte. -
Improving on Nature: Eugenics in Utopian Fiction
1 Improving on Nature: Eugenics in Utopian Fiction Submitted by Christina Jane Lake to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English, January 2017 This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright materials and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approve for the award of a degree by this or any other university. (Signature)............................................................................................................. 2 3 Abstract There has long been a connection between the concept of utopia as a perfect society and the desire for perfect humans to live in this society. A form of selective breeding takes place in many fictional utopias from Plato’s Republic onwards, but it is only with the naming and promotion of eugenics by Francis Galton in the late nineteenth century that eugenics becomes a consistent and important component of utopian fiction. In my introduction I argue that behind the desire for eugenic fitness within utopias resides a sense that human nature needs improving. Darwin’s Origin of Species (1859) prompted fears of degeneration, and eugenics was seen as a means of restoring purpose and control. Chapter Two examines the impact of Darwin’s ideas on the late nineteenth-century utopia through contrasting the evolutionary fears of Samuel Butler’s Erewhon (1872) with Edward Bellamy’s more positive view of the potential of evolution in Looking Backward (1888). -
Reviews & Short Features: Vol. 01/ 7 (1916)
REVIEWS OF BOOKS History of Wright County, Minnesota. By FRANKLYN CURTISS- WEDGE. In two volumes. (Chicago, H. C. Cooper Jr. and Company, 1915. xvi, x, 1111 p. Illustrated) History of Renville County, Minnesota. Compiled by FRANKLYN CURTISS-WEDGE, assisted by a large corps of local contrib utors under the direction and supervision of HON. DARWIN S. HALL, HON. DAVID BENSON, and COL. CHARLES H. HOP KINS. In two volumes. (Chicago, H. C. Cooper Jr. and Company, 1916. xix, xiv, 1376 p. Illustrated) History of Otter Tail County, Minnesota; Its People, Industries, and Institutions. JOHN W. MASON, editor. In two volumes. (Indianapolis, B. F. Bowen and Company, 1916. 694, 1009 p. Illustrated) History of Nicollet and Le Sueur Counties, Minnesota; Their People, Industries, and Institutions. HON. WILLIAM G. GRESHAM, editor-in-chief. In two volumes. (Indianapolis, B. F. Bowen and Company, 1916. 544, 538 p. Illustrated) History of Brown County, Minnesota; Its People, Industries, and Institutions. L. A. FRITSCHE, M.D., editor. In two volumes. (Indianapolis, B. F. Bowen and Company, 1916. 519, 568 p. Illustrated) Compendium of History and Biography of Polk County, Minne sota. By MAT. R. I. HOLCOMBE, historical editor, and WIL LIAM H. BINGHAM, general editor. With special articles by various writers. (Minneapolis, W. H. Bingham and Com pany, 1916. 487 p. Illustrated) The writing of county history appears to be a profitable com mercial enterprise. But the value of local history lies not merely in the fact that it may be made the basis of a business under taking. The material with which it deals deserves to be preserved in a permanent and carefully prepared form; for it is nothing less than the whole fascinating story of life, of development, from pioneer days to the present time, restricted, to be sure, to a comparatively small section of the state. -
Introduction 1 Introduction
Introduction 1 Introduction Bernard Lightman The year 2009 marked the 150th anniversary of the publication of Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species (1859) and the 200th anniversary of Darwin’s birth. The coinciding, twin anniversaries generated over 300 celebratory events, held across the globe.1 In that same year scores of publications were produced on all things Darwin.2 Three years after the Darwin Year in 2009 another anniversary in the history of evolution took place. 2012 marked the 150th anniversary of the publication of Herbert Spencer’s First Principles (1862), the first volume of his ambitious System of Synthetic Philosophy (1862–1896). In Spencer’s mind the theory of evolution was the key to his entire system. In ten dense volumes on biology, sociology, ethics, psychology and religion, Spencer presented a new intellectual synthesis by interpreting all phenomena according to the law of evolution. But in contrast to the extensive Darwin celebrations, 2012 passed with no fanfare. No major events were held to draw attention to Spencer’s role in the dissemination of evolutionary theory. Instead of an avalanche of publi- cations in one year, as in Darwin’s case, only a handful of books on Spencer have appeared over the last decade, including Jones and Peel’s edited collec- tion Herbert Spencer: The Intellectual Legacy, Francis’s Herbert Spencer and the Invention of Modern Life, and Taylor’s The Philosophy of Herbert Spencer.3 Both the non-event of the 2012 anniversary and the paucity of recent scholarship speak volumes about Spencer’s reputation in the early twenty-first century. -
1. Will Learn How to Analyze Historical Narratives
History 308/708, RN314/614, TX849 Religious Thought in America Fall Term, 2018 MWF: 1:25-2:15 Jon H. Roberts Office Hours: Mon. 3-5, Tues. 9-10, Office: 226 Bay State Road, Room 406 and by appointment 617-353-2557 (O); 781-209-0982 (H) [email protected] Course Description: Few concepts have proved more difficult to define than religion, but most students of the subject would agree that religious traditions commonly include rituals and other practices, aesthetic and emotional experiences, and a body of ideas typically expressed as beliefs. This course focuses on those beliefs during the course of American history from the first English colonial settlement to the present and on their interaction with the broader currents of American culture. Theology is the term often used to describe the systematic expression of religious doctrine. It is clearly possible, however, to discuss religious beliefs outside the context of formal theology, and it is at least arguable that some of the most influential beliefs in American history have received their most vivid and forceful expressions beyond the purview of theological discourse. Accordingly, while much of our attention in this course will focus on the works of theologians and clergy--the religious “professionals”--we shall also deal with religious strategies that a widely disparate group of other thinkers (e.g., scientists, artists, and other influential lay people) have deployed in attempting to account for the nature of the cosmos, the structure of the social order, and the dynamics of human experience. Most of the people whom we’ll be studying were committed proponents of Christianity or Judaism, but the course lectures and readings will also occasionally move outside of those traditions to include others. -
Atla Abstracts
144 Book Review Supplement Nature Vol. 264 November I! 1976 mised Spencer's Cosmic Philosophy, but the actual content of Darwin's American theory had as little impact on its con verts as on its opponents. Russett deals exhaustively with all response aspects of 'Darwinism' in America scientific, philosophical, religious, to Darwin social, historiographic, economic and literary. In spite of the opposition of the most powerful scientist in the David L. Hull United States, Louis Agassiz, and per versely to some extent because of it, evolution was almost universally ac Darwin in America: The Intellectual cepted by American biologists within a Response, 1865-1912. By Cynthia decade after publication of the Origin, Eagle Russett. Pp. ix+ 228. (Freeman : but the 'evolutionism' which became San Francisco and Reading, May 1976.) so popular tended to be Lamarckian for scientific C: Cloth £6.30; paper £3.20. and teleological-partly .2 reasons, partly theological. Theologians ;;; ~ were not alone in viewing the death 0 u RussETT's well-balanced account of of teleology as the death of God. Yet c the intellectual response to Darwinism in slaying Paley, Darwin slew a corpse. -~ in America further enhances the richly Darwin merely shocked nineteenth- A illustrated picture which we already century intellectuals into realising how ~ have of the Darwinian revolution. As vacuous teleology had become. The 6 Russett would be the first to agree, her Me1aphysical Club at Cambridge was book could have been entitled just as the focus of evolutionism among readily Spencer in America because American philosophers. As might be were the authors which Russett treats expected, John Fiske, the most enthu of natural selection from Malthus's as likely to have their minds blown to siastic evolutionist, was a Spencerian. -
The Colonial Book and the Writing of American History, 1790-1855
HISTORY’S IMPRINT: THE COLONIAL BOOK AND THE WRITING OF AMERICAN HISTORY, 1790-1855 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Lindsay E.M. DiCuirci, M.A. Graduate Program in English The Ohio State University 2010 Dissertation Committee: Elizabeth Hewitt, Adviser Jared Gardner Susan Williams Copyright by Lindsay Erin Marks DiCuirci 2010 ABSTRACT “History’s Imprint: The Colonial Book and the Writing of American History, 1790-1855” investigates the role that reprinted colonial texts played in the development of historical consciousness in nineteenth-century America. In the early decades of the nineteenth century, antiquarians and historians began to make a concerted effort to amass and preserve an American archive of manuscript and print material, in addition to other artifacts and “curiosities” from the colonial period. Publishers and editors also began to prepare new editions of colonial texts for publication, introducing nineteenth-century readers to these historical artifacts for the first time. My dissertation considers the role of antiquarian collecting and historical publishing—the reprinting of colonial texts—in the production of popular historical narratives. I study the competing narratives of America’s colonial origins that emerged between 1790 and 1855 as a result of this new commitment to historicism and antiquarianism. I argue that the acts of selecting, editing, and reprinting were ideologically charged as these colonial texts were introduced to new audiences. Instead of functioning as pure reproductions of colonial books, these texts were used to advocate specific religious, political, and cultural positions in the nineteenth century. -
Semiotic Disobedience
Washington University Law Review VOLUME 84 NUMBER 3 2006 SEMIOTIC DISOBEDIENCE ∗ SONIA K. KATYAL “[T]he nation and the world are in dire need of creative extremists.”1 —Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Letter from Birmingham Jail INTRODUCTION Nearly twenty years ago, a prominent media studies professor, John Fiske, coined the term “semiotic democracy” to describe a world where audiences freely and widely engage in the use of cultural symbols in response to the forces of media.2 A semiotic democracy enables the audience, to a varying degree, to “resist,” “subvert,” and “recode” certain ∗ Associate Professor, Fordham University School of Law. This Article was awarded an Honorable Mention in the 2006 Scholarly Papers Competition, American Association of Law Schools. For helpful comments and conversation at various stages in this project, the author thanks Amy Adler, Ann Bartow, Barton Beebe, Christine Bohannan, Devon Carbado, Julie Cohen, Elizabeth Cooper, Reza Dibadj, Matthew Diller, Graeme Dinwoodie, Christine Farley, John Farmer, Robin Feldman, Llew Gibbons, Abner Greene, Laura Heymann, Hugh Hansen, Justin Hughes, Neal Katyal, Sudhir Krishnaswamy, Roberta Kwall, Michael Landau, Lawrence Lessig, Lawrence Liang, Michael Madison, Eduardo Peñalver, Achal Prabhala, Margaret Jane Radin, Lisa Ramsey, Joel Reidenberg, Darren Rosenblum, Rebecca Tushnet, Gerald Torres, Siva Vaidhyanathan, Fred von Lohmann, Rob Walker, the Intellectual Property Scholars Conference at Cardozo Law School (August 2005), the participants of the Intellectual Property Seminar at Boalt Law School (Fall 2005), and the Alternative Law Forum in Bangalore, India (December 2005). The author wishes to thank Susan Freiwald, John Adler, and the faculty and administration at University of San Francisco Law School for being such generous hosts during the fall of 2006, as well as Pamela Samuelson and Boalt Law School for welcoming me as a visiting scholar during that time. -
Eugenics: Its Definition, Scope and Aims
EUGENICS: ITS DEFINITION, SCOPE AND AIMS By FRANcrs G alton, D.C.L.; Sc.D.; F.R.S. Read before the Sociological Society at a Meeting in the School of Economics and Political Science (London University), on May 16th, 1904. Professor K arl P earson, F.R.S., in the chair. Eugenics is the science which deals with all influences that improve the inborn qualities of a race; also with those that develop them to the utmost advantage. The improvement of the .inborn qualities, or stock, of some one human population, will alone be discussed here. What is meant by improvement ? What by the syllable E u in Eugenics, whose English equivalent is good? There is considerable difference between goodness in the several qualities and in that of the character as a whole. The character depends largely on the proportion between qualities whose balance may be much influenced by education. We must therefore leave morals as far as possible out of the discussion, not entangling ourselves with the almost hopeless difficulties they raise as to whether a character as a whole is good or bad. Moreover, the good ness or badness of character is not absolute, but relative to the cur rent form of civilisation. A fable will best explain what is meant. Let the scene be the Zoological Gardens in the quiet hours of the night, and suppose that, as in old fables, the animals are able to converse, and that some very wise creature who had easy access to all the cages, say a philosophic sparrow or rat, was engaged in collecting the opinions of all sorts of animals with a view of elaborating a system of absolute morality.