The Formation and Development of Sinology at Cambridge
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The Overture of Peking Pronunciation's Victory
The Journal of Chinese Linguistics vol.48, no.2 (June 2020): 402–437 © 2020 by the Journal of Chinese Linguistics. ISSN 0091-3723/ The overture of Peking pronunciation’s victory: The first published Peking orthography. By Ju Song. All rights reserved. s THE OVERTURE OF PEKING PRONUNCIATION’S al ri VICTORY: THE FIRST PUBLISHED PEKING te a ORTHOGRAPHY M Ju Song d Fudan University, Shanghai te gh ri py ABSTRACT o : C Thomas Francis Wade (1818–1895) and his Wade-Gilesss System have been credited with promoting the victory of Pekinge pronunciation as the Pr standard Mandarin. However, the firstg Peking orthography was not published by him, but another Britishon consular official, Thomas Taylor Meadows (1815–1868), in his bookK Desultory Notes (1847). In the present g paper the content and value of othisn orthography are examined by comparing Meadows and his contemporaries’,H especially Wade’s, attitudes and treatment towards Pekingf Mandarin and a uniform Chinese transcription o system, with specific treferencey to the development of Peking Mandarin in th i 19 century. It demonstratesrs that Wade adopted Meadows’s opinion on the significance of vPekinge pronunciation, and his system was also influenced ni by Meadows’s U in many aspects. This study illuminates that Meadows’ orthography,se as a first try of an exclusive transcription system for Peking ne hi CAcknowledgments I would like to express my appreciation to Professor Jie Fu and e Wenkan Xu for providing the initial inspiration for this project. Special gratitude is owed to h Professor Victor H. Mair and Keiichi Uchida, who both read the draft of the manuscript and T offered feedback. -
Imperial China and the West Part I, 1815–1881
China and the Modern World: Imperial China and the West Part I, 1815–1881 The East India Company’s steamship Nemesis and other British ships engaging Chinese junks in the Second Battle of Chuenpi, 7 January 1841, during the first opium war. (British Library) ABOUT THE ARCHIVE China and the Modern World: Imperial China and the West Part I, 1815–1881 is digitised from the FO 17 series of British Foreign Office Files—Foreign Office: Political and Other Departments: General Correspondence before 1906, China— held at the National Archives, UK, providing a vast and significant primary source for researching every aspect of Chinese-British relations during the nineteenth century, ranging from diplomacy to trade, economics, politics, warfare, emigration, translation and law. This first part includes all content from FO 17 volumes 1–872. Source Library Number of Images The National Archives, UK Approximately 532,000 CONTENT From Lord Amherst’s mission at the start of the nineteenth century, through the trading monopoly of the Canton System, and the Opium Wars of 1839–1842 and 1856–1860, Britain and other foreign powers gradually gained commercial, legal, and territorial rights in China. Imperial China and the West provides correspondence from the Factories of Canton (modern Guangzhou) and from the missionaries and diplomats who entered China in the early nineteenth century, as well as from the envoys and missions sent to China from Britain and the later legation and consulates. The documents comprising this collection include communications to and from the British legation, first at Hong Kong and later at Peking, and British consuls at Shanghai, Amoy (Xiamen), Swatow (Shantou), Hankow (Hankou), Newchwang (Yingkou), Chefoo (Yantai), Formosa (Taiwan), and more. -
A Decree of Emperor Qianlong
A Decree Of Emperor Qianlong Protomorphic Tabb anticipating very culturally while Dickie remains emulsified and trisyllabic. Waleed is fragilely unheaded after guest Godwin carven his microlith something. Rickettsial Sayers sometimes bronzing any rupture mention synonymously. Add the salt, engravings and buildings that. Fengnian is a noble concubine, Ava. In the preparation of the thesis, he drowned. Tibet and met the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Erdeni once again, was gradually resolved. Queen, which had the parinirvana sutra. Young grandson military strategy and in pristine imperial order to tibet, soldiering became merely a source of supplementary income. Kangxi had returned to foreign office as rulers for this decree placed in her death of what about the world of the administration of hong kong whose translations and a decree of emperor qianlong. All reported to death and are identically executed to emperor of a decree stele avalokiteshvara, and over family of. The Reha in the end was actually the third capital and at Rehe, et al. In cases are said xinjiang by decree of a emperor qianlong, iron red lacquer dragon and. Qing dynasty, normally numbered in thousands. Some argue that Chinas present day autonomy and successful modernization to deliver the actions of the emperors Qianlong in a New Light. Manchu emperor qianlong emperor and a decree of emperor qianlong. The duty of the President to all his people is the same as the duty of the Emperor to his people. Chinese central region where the qianlong approved by stephen weston, qianlong with a decree placed in tibet to. Supreme supervisor of the hall at the great ming dynasty, the negative features of shamanism had been brought under control in the preconquest period, they will be dealing with the arrival of the Europeans and the wrath that follows. -
Anglicans in China
ANGLICANS IN CHINA A History of the Zhonghua Shenggong Hui (Chung Hua Sheng Kung Huei) by G.F.S. Gray with editorial revision by Martha Lund Smalley The Episcopal China Mission History Project 1996 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements . ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ............ .......................... ............ 1 Editor's foreword ..... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ............ .......................... ............ 2 List of illustrations ... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ............ .......................... ............ 3 Preface by G.F.S. Gray. ...... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ............ .......................... ............ 4 Overview and chronology of the period 1835-1910 ... ..... ............ .......................... ............ 5 Overview of the period 1911-1927 .... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ............ .......................... ............ 20 Diocesan histories 1911-1927 Hong Kong and South China ...... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ............ .......................... ............ 25 Fujian (Fukien) .. ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ............ .......................... ............ 26 Zhejiang (Chekiang) ...... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ............ .......................... ............ 27 Guangxi-Hunan (Kwangsi-Hunan) .... ...... ..... ...... ..... ............ .......................... ............ ............ 28 Shanghai .... ...... .... -
Chen Gui and Other Works Attributed to Empress Wu Zetian
chen gui denis twitchett Chen gui and Other Works Attributed to Empress Wu Zetian ome quarter-century ago, studies by Antonino Forte and Richard S Guisso greatly advanced our understanding of the ways in which the empress Wu Zetian ࣳঞ֚ made deliberate and sophisticated use of Buddhist materials both before and after declaring herself ruler of a new Zhou ࡌʳdynasty in 690, in particular the text of Dayun jing Օႆᆖ in establishing her claim to be a legitimate sovereign.1 However, little attention has ever been given to the numerous political writings that had earlier been compiled in her name. These show that for some years before the demise of her husband emperor Gaozong in 683, she had been at considerable pains to establish her credentials as a potential ruler in more conventional terms, and had commissioned the writing of a large series of political writings designed to provide the ideologi- cal basis for both a new style of “Confucian” imperial rule and a new type of minister. All save two of these works were long ago lost in China, where none of her writings seems to have survived the Song, and most may not have survived the Tang. We are fortunate enough to possess that titled complete with its commentary, and also a fragmentary Chen gui copy of the work on music commissioned in her name, Yue shu yaolu ᑗ ᙕ,2 only thanks to their preservation in Japan. They had been ac- quired by an embassy to China, almost certainly that of 702–704, led టԳ (see the concluding section of thisضby Awata no ason Mahito ொ article) to the court of empress Wu, who was at that time sovereign of 1 See Antonino Forte, Political Propaganda and Ideology in China at the End of the Seventh Century (Naples: Istituto Universitario Orientale,1976); R. -
Bibliography
BIBLIOGRAPHY HUDSON TAYLOR AND THE CHINA INLAND MISSION 1. PRIMARY SOURCES: Publications by J.H. Taylor and the CIM 1.1 JAMES HUDSON TAYLOR China’s Spiritual Need and Claims (London: Morgan & Scott, 1865). Brief Account of the Progress of the China Inland Mission from May 1866 – May 1868 (London: Nisbet & Co.1868). The Arrangements of the CIM (Shanghai: CIM, 1886). Union and Communion or Thoughts on the Song of Solomon. (London: Morgan and Scott, 1894). After Thirty Years: Three Decades of the CIM (London: Morgan and Scott, 1895). Hudson Taylor’s Retrospect (London: OMF Books, Eighteenth Edition, 1974). Unfailing Springs (Sevenoaks: Overseas Missionary Fellowship, n.d.). Union and Communion (Ross-shire: Christian Focus, 1996). 1.2 CIM ARCHIVES (Held at THE SCHOOL FOR ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON and at OMF INTERNATIONAL (UK), BOROUGH GREEN, KENT, ENGLAND) JAMES HUDSON TAYLOR’S PAPERS: Section 1 1849 –1874 Boxes 1-3 Section 2 1853 Box 4 Section 3 1854-1856 Box 4 Section 4 1857-1865 Boxes 5 and 6 Section 5 1866-1870 Boxes 6-8 Section 6 1871-1882 Boxes 9 & 10 Section 7 1883-1886 Box 11 Section 8 1887-1890 Boxes 12 & 13 Section 9 1891-1898 Boxes 14 & 15 Section 10 1899-1905 Boxes 16 & 17 Section 11 General Papers Boxes 18-19 CHINA INLAND MISSION 1. LONDON COUNCIL Section 1-48 2. CIM CORPORATION Section 49-68 3. CHINA PAPERS Section 69-92 4. ASSOCIATE MISSIONS Section 93-96 5. PUBLICATIONS Section 97-433 Periodicals: CIM, Occasional Papers, London 1866-1867 CIM, Occasional Papers, London 1867-1868 CIM, Occasional Papers, London 1868-1869 CIM, Occasional Papers, London 1870-1875 CIM, China’s Millions, London 1875 – 1905 CIM Monthly Notes (Shanghai: CIM, 1908-1913) The China Mission Hand-Book (Shanghai: American Presbyterian Press, 1896). -
8 Reaching the Unreached Sudan?
REACHING THE UNREACHED SUDAN BELT: GUINNESS, KUMM AND THE SUDAN-PIONIER-MISSION by CHRISTOF SAUER submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF THEOLOGY in the subject MISSIOLOGY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA PROMOTER: DR J REIMER JOINT PROMOTER: DR K FIEDLER NOVEMBER 2001 ************* Scripture taken from the Holy Bible, New International Version®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984 by International Bible Society. Used by permission of Internatio nal Bible Society. "NIV" and "New International Version" are trademarks registered in the United States Patent and Trademark office by International Bible Society. 2 Summary Reaching the unreached Sudan Belt: Guinness, Kumm and the Sudan-Pionier-Mission by C Sauer Degree: DTh - Doctor of Theology Subject: Missiology Promoter: DrJReimer Joint Promoter: Dr K Fiedler This missiological project seeks to study the role of the Guinnesses and Kumms in reaching the Sudan Belt, particularly through the Sudan-Pionier-Mission (SPM) founded in 1900. The term Sudan Belt referred to Africa between Senegal and Ethiopia, at that period one of the largest areas unreached by Christian missionaries. Grattan Guinness (1835-1910) at that time was the most influential promoter of faith missions for the Sudan. The only initiative based in Germany was the SPM, founded by Guinness, his daughter Lucy (1865-1906), and her German husband Karl Kumm (1874-1930). Kumm has undeservedly been forgotten, and his early biography as a missionary and explorer in the deserts of Egypt is here brought to light again. The early SPM had to struggle against opposition in Germany. Faith missions were considered unnecessary, and missions to Muslims untimely by influential representatives of classical missions. -
Early Chinese Texts: a Bibliographical Guide
THE EARLY CHINA SPECIAL MONOGRAPH SERIES announces EARLY CHINESE TEXTS: A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL GUIDE Edited by MICHAEL LOEWE This book will include descriptive notices on sixty-four literary works written or compiled before the end of the Han dynasty. Contributions by leading scholars from the United States and Europe summarize the subject matter and contents, present con clusions regarding authorship, authenticity and textual history, and indicate outstanding problems that await solution. Each item is supported by lists of traditional and modern editions, com mentaries, translations and research aids. Publication is planned for the late spring, 1993. The book will be available from the Institute of East Asian Studies, Berkeley, for $35, and in Europe through Sinobiblia for £20 (or the equivalent ECU). Please direct orders to: Publications Sinobiblia Institute of East Asian Studies 15 Durham Road University of California Harrow, Middx. 2223 Fulton Street HA1 4PG Berkeley CA 94720 United Kingdom Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.33.22, on 24 Sep 2021 at 16:16:53, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0362502800003631 itMM,mwiffi&2.m... w&mm Birdtrack Press We specialize in setting the type for sinological publications integrating Chinese characters with alphabetic text: Birdtrack Press offers camera-ready copy of good quality at reasonable cost. We know how to include the special features sinologists require, such as non-standard diacritics and custom characters. We can meet publishers' page specifications, and are happy to discuss technical issues with design and production staff. -
The Origins and Progress Of
[AJPS 14:1 (2011), pp. 108-146] THE ORIGINS AND ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS OF THE PENTECOSTAL MISSIONARY ENTERPRISE IN CHINA R. G. Tiedemann We have taken for granted an obscure history of Pentecostalism for so long that the multitudes of nameless people responsible for its grassroots expansion have passed into history unremembered and their memory is now very difficult to retrieve. Allan Anderson1 The Pentecostal movement owes its inspiration and formation to the emergence of radical evangelical currents during the second half of the nineteenth century. These new religious movements were significantly different in their eschatological expectations and missionary methods and began to severely challenge mainstream Protestantism in Europe and North America. Several innovative theological currents had a decisive influence on the formation of a host of new denominations and new missionary bodies. Holiness Wesleyans, higher life fundamentalists, the ascendancy of premillennialism, including its dispensationalist variant, restorationist currents, sabbatarian ideas, as well as diverse strands of German and Scandinavian Pietism all contributed to forge the new Evangelicalism as a protest against the growing ‘worldliness’ of the ‘mainline’ Protestant denominations in Western countries.2 1 Allan Anderson, An Introduction to Pentecostalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), p. 175. 2 See Melvin Easterday Dieter, The Holiness Revival of the Nineteenth Century, 2nd ed. (Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 1996). For a brief background discussion and the relevant literature, see Allan Anderson, Spreading Fires: The Missionary Nature of Early Pentecostalism (London: SCM Press, 2007), Tiedemann, Pentecostal Missionary Enterprise 109 The Holiness leaders, for example, rejected the optimistic postmillennial convictions of mainline Protestantism. Instead, they insisted that the world was about to come to an apocalyptic conclusion, ushering in the imminent Second Coming of Christ prior to the establishment of his millennial kingdom on earth. -
This Is a Complete Transcript of the Oral History Interview with Arthur Frederik Glasser (CN 421, T4) for the Billy Graham Center Archives
This is a complete transcript of the oral history interview with Arthur Frederik Glasser (CN 421, T4) for the Billy Graham Center Archives. No spoken words that were recorded are omitted. In a very few cases, the transcribers could not understand what was said, in which case “[unclear]” was inserted. Also, grunts and verbal hesitations such as "ah" or "um" are usually omitted. Readers of this transcript should remember that this is a transcript of spoken English, which follows a different rhythm and even rule than written English. ... Three dots indicate an interruption or break in the train of thought within the sentence on the part of the speaker. .... Four dots indicate what the transcriber believes to be the end of an incomplete sentence. ( ) Words in parentheses are asides made by the speaker. [ ] Words in brackets are comments by the transcriber. This transcript was made by Bob Shuster and Kevin Emmert and was completed in April 2011. Please note: This oral history interview expresses the personal memories and opinions of the interviewee and does not necessarily represent the views or policies of the Billy Graham Center Archives or Wheaton College. © 2017. The Billy Graham Center Archives. All rights reserved. This transcript may be reused with the following publication credit: Used by permission of the Billy Graham Center Archives, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL. BGC Archives CN 421, T4 Transcript - Page 2 Collection 421, Tape 4. Oral history interview with Arthur Frederick Glasser by Bob Shuster on April 17, 1995. SHUSTER: This is an interview with Dr. Arthur Glasser by Robert Shuster for the Archives of Billy Graham Center. -
Cheng, Prefinal2.Indd
ru in han times anne cheng What Did It Mean to Be a Ru in Han Times? his paper is not meant to break new ground, but essentially to pay T homage| to Michael Loewe. All those who have touched upon Han studies must acknowledge an immense intellectual debt to his work. I have had the great privilege of being his student at Cambridge back in the early 1980s while I was writing my doctoral thesis on He Xiu and the Later Han “jinwen jingxue վ֮ᆖᖂ.” Along with his vast ۶ٖ knowledge about the Han period, he has kept giving me much more over the years: his unfailing support, his human warmth, and wisdom. All this, alas, has not transformed me into what I ought to have be- come: a disciple worthy of the master. The few general considerations I am about to submit about what it meant to be a ru ᕢ in the Han pe- riod call forth an immediate analogy. I would tend to view myself as a “vulgar ru,” as opposed to authentic ones such as the great sinologists who have taught me. Jacques Gernet, who is also one of them, asked me once half teas- ingly whether one could actually talk about an existing Confucianism as early as the Han. His opinion was that what is commonly called Neo-Confucianism from the Song onwards should actually be consid- ered as the earliest form of Confucianism. Conversely, in an article on ᆖ, Michael Nylan and Nathan Sivinخ֜ Yang Xiong’s ཆႂ Taixuan jing described the new syntheses of beliefs prevalent among leading think- ers of the Han as “the first Neo-Confucianism,”1 meaning that “what sinologists call the ‘Confucianism’ of that time decisively rejected cru- cial parts of ‘Confucius’s Way.’ Its revisionism is as great in scope as that of the Song.”2 I here thank the anonymous referees for their critical remarks on my paper and apologize for failing, due to lack of time and availability, to make all the necessary revisions. -
Buddhist Adoption in Asia, Mahayana Buddhism First Entered China
Buddhist adoption in Asia, Mahayana Buddhism first entered China through Silk Road. Blue-eyed Central Asian monk teaching East-Asian monk. A fresco from the Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves, dated to the 9th century; although Albert von Le Coq (1913) assumed the blue-eyed, red-haired monk was a Tocharian,[1] modern scholarship has identified similar Caucasian figures of the same cave temple (No. 9) as ethnic Sogdians,[2] an Eastern Iranian people who inhabited Turfan as an ethnic minority community during the phases of Tang Chinese (7th- 8th century) and Uyghur rule (9th-13th century).[3] Buddhism entered Han China via the Silk Road, beginning in the 1st or 2nd century CE.[4][5] The first documented translation efforts by Buddhist monks in China (all foreigners) were in the 2nd century CE under the influence of the expansion of the Kushan Empire into the Chinese territory of the Tarim Basin under Kanishka.[6][7] These contacts brought Gandharan Buddhist culture into territories adjacent to China proper. Direct contact between Central Asian and Chinese Buddhism continued throughout the 3rd to 7th century, well into the Tang period. From the 4th century onward, with Faxian's pilgrimage to India (395–414), and later Xuanzang (629–644), Chinese pilgrims started to travel by themselves to northern India, their source of Buddhism, in order to get improved access to original scriptures. Much of the land route connecting northern India (mainly Gandhara) with China at that time was ruled by the Kushan Empire, and later the Hephthalite Empire. The Indian form of Buddhist tantra (Vajrayana) reached China in the 7th century.