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Lavoisier in Nineteenth-Century China
Benjamin Hobson: The Introduction of Western Religion, Medicine and Science into Nineteenth-Century China CHANG Hao Center for General Education, Fortune Institute of Technology 125-8, Chyi-Wen Rd. Chyi-Shan, Kaohsiung County Tel: 07-6618851#2400 Fax: 07-6618850 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Hobson’s success in China was not only based on the medical practice and his religious work, but also on his efforts in introducing natural science to the country. He used to preach to his patients before he treated them. Due to his kind and gentle manner, his faithful attention and skillful practice, he became known as “the model medical missionary.” He thought that medical science in China was at a rather low level, and that the knowledge of anatomy and surgery in ancient Greece and Rome was much superior to anything in nineteenth-century China. Therefore, he attempted to introduce the well-establishes principles and facts of Western medical science to China. Although Hobson was a medical missionary, he did more to promote the study of science in China than any other men of their time. He was the first and for some time most influential Protestant writer on science in the Chinese language. Hobson presented a broad range of scientific knowledge pitched to a general audience, borrowing Chinese terms from those in common use. During the 1850s, he wrote five books on medical science, which were widely regarded as the standard works in this field. His book, bowu xinbian(Natural philosophy and natural history), which was published in 1855 and provided a general introduction to chemistry, physics, astronomy, geography and zoology, was described as like “the dawn of a new era upon Chinese minds.” His Chinese translations for the chemical elements oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen, yangqi(nourishing gas), qingqi(light gas), and danqi(diluting gas), are still in use today. -
Refining the Reformer, 1885–91
3 Refining the Reformer, 1885–91 During his first fifteen years in China, Timothymothy Richard’sRicha mission- ary work had evolved through several approaches.proaches. After engagingen in the traditional evangelistic work directed too the general poppopulace, he decided to assume Chinese apparel, and to seek out the mormomore educated Chinese with whom he could discuss religiousgiousious and philosopphilosophical issues. During the famine of 1876–79, Richard addedddedd yet anotheranotheanother ddimension to his missionary service—practical social work.ork.rk. Reflections ono this experience were to prove a major turning point inn his life. LESSONS FROMROM FAMINEFAMINAMI E RELIEF During relief operations,erations,ations, RichardR had experienced much resistance on the part of the officialsto SAMPLEto p providing for the needs of the people. Besides their fear of a loss of power and control, another factor was their ignorance of both practical knowledge and the benefits that could accrue to them from peaceful relations with representatives of Western nations, most particu- larly the resident missionaries. Richard had become convinced that educa- tion in practical Western learning was the key to change. Chinese leaders could develop an understanding of the laws of God working in the forces of nature and then learn how to use these forces for the benefit of their people. The ultimate purpose of this Western learning, however, was to open these leaders to the Christian faith. In Shanxi, he singlehandedly began this process of enlightening the scholars and officials with lectures and demonstrations of scientific Western 30 © The Lutterworth Press 2015 Refining the Reformer, 1885–91 learning. -
Apr 1990 Vol 14 No 2
EVANGELICAL REVIEW OF THEOLOGY VOLUME 14 Volume 14 • Number 2 • April 1990 Evangelical Review of Theology WORLD EVANGELICAL FELLOWSHIP Theological Commission p. 99 The Doctrine of Regeneration in the Second Century Victor K. Downing Printed with permission Having been raised within the evangelical community since birth, and having ‘gone forward’ at a Billy Graham crusade at the age of nine, there has never been any question in my mind as to what it means to be ‘born again’. However, since having begun to dabble in historical theology, the question has often occurred to me: ‘I wonder if Ignatius or Justin or Irenaeus understood John 3:7 as I understand it, and if not, why not?’. The purpose of this paper is not to critique twentieth-century evangelicalism’s doctrine of regeneration but to ponder this issue: if the idea of the ‘new birth’ is as foundational to the Christian faith, and the experience of the ‘new birth’ as central to the Christian life, as we evangelicals believe them to be; and if our (evangelical) view of regeneration is correct, as I presume most of us are convinced that it is; then why is it not more evident in the traditions of the sub-apostolic and early patristic Church? There are two reasons that I have chosen to examine the second century in particular. First, the person of Irenaeus provides us with an appropriate and convenient focal point. He lived and wrote at the close of the period and was the pre-eminent systematic theologian of the century and arguably the first in the history of the Church. -
Kingdom Partnerships for Synergy in Missions
Kingdom Partnerships for Synergy in Missions William D. Taylor, Editor William Carey Library Pasadena, California, USA Editor: William D. Taylor Technical Editor: Susan Peterson Cover Design: Jeff Northway © 1994 World Evangelical Fellowship Missions Commission All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo- copying and recording, for any purpose, without the express written consent of the publisher. Published by: William Carey Library P.O. Box 40129 Pasadena, CA 91114 USA Telephone: (818) 798-0819 ISBN 0-87808-249-2 Printed in the United States of America Table of Contents Preface Michael Griffiths . vii The World Evangelical Fellowship Missions Commission William D. Taylor . xiii 1 Introduction: Setting the Partnership Stage William D. Taylor . 1 PART ONE: FOUNDATIONS OF PARTNERSHIP 2 Kingdom Partnerships in the 90s: Is There a New Way Forward? Phillip Butler . 9 3 Responding to Butler: Mission in Partnership R. Theodore Srinivasagam . 31 4 Responding to Butler: Reflections From Europe Stanley Davies . 43 PART TWO: CRITICAL ISSUES IN PARTNERSHIPS 5 Cultural Issues in Partnership in Mission Patrick Sookhdeo . 49 6 A North American Response to Patrick Sookhdeo Paul McKaughan . 67 7 A Nigerian Response to Patrick Sookhdeo Maikudi Kure . 89 8 A Latin American Response to Patrick Sookhdeo Federico Bertuzzi . 93 9 Control in Church/Missions Relationship and Partnership Jun Vencer . 101 10 Confidence Factors: Accountability in Christian Partnerships Alexandre Araujo . 119 iii PART THREE: INTERNATIONALIZING AGENCIES 11 Challenges of Partnership: Interserves History, Positives and Negatives James Tebbe and Robin Thomson . 131 12 Internationalizing Agency Membership as a Model of Partnership Ronald Wiebe . -
Hudson Taylor's Spiritual Secret
Hudson Taylor’s Spiritual Secret FOREWORD This record has been prepared especially for readers unfamiliar with the details of Mr. Hudson Taylor's life. Those who have read the larger biography by the present writers, or Mr. Marshall Broomhall's more recent presentation, will find little that is new in these pages. But there are many, in the western world especially, who have hardly heard of Hudson Taylor, who have little time for reading and might turn away from a book in two volumes, yet who need and long for just the inward joy and power that Hudson Taylor found. The desire of the writers is to make available to busy people the experiences of their beloved father—thankful for the blessing brought to their own lives by what he was, and what he found in God, no less than by his fruitful labors. Howard and Geraldine Taylor Philadelphia, May 21, 1932 Men are God's method. The church is looking for better methods; God is looking for better men. What the church needs today is not more machinery or better, not new organizations or more and novel methods, but men whom the Holy Ghost can use—men of prayer, men mighty in prayer. The Holy Ghost does not come on machinery, but on men. He does not anoint plans, but men—men of prayer . The training of the Twelve was the great, difficult and enduring work of Christ. It is not great talents or great learning or great preachers that God needs, but men great in holiness, great in faith, great in love, great in fidelity, great for God—men always preaching by holy sermons in the pulpit, by holy lives out of it. -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI University Microfilms International A Beil & Howell Iniormation Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313,761-4700 800,521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. -
Chinese Protestant Christianity Today Daniel H. Bays
Chinese Protestant Christianity Today Daniel H. Bays ABSTRACT Protestant Christianity has been a prominent part of the general religious resurgence in China in the past two decades. In many ways it is the most striking example of that resurgence. Along with Roman Catholics, as of the 1950s Chinese Protestants carried the heavy historical liability of association with Western domi- nation or imperialism in China, yet they have not only overcome that inheritance but have achieved remarkable growth. Popular media and human rights organizations in the West, as well as various Christian groups, publish a wide variety of information and commentary on Chinese Protestants. This article first traces the gradual extension of interest in Chinese Protestants from Christian circles to the scholarly world during the last two decades, and then discusses salient characteristics of the Protestant movement today. These include its size and rate of growth, the role of Church–state relations, the continuing foreign legacy in some parts of the Church, the strong flavour of popular religion which suffuses Protestantism today, the discourse of Chinese intellectuals on Christianity, and Protestantism in the context of the rapid economic changes occurring in China, concluding with a perspective from world Christianity. Protestant Christianity has been a prominent part of the general religious resurgence in China in the past two decades. Today, on any given Sunday there are almost certainly more Protestants in church in China than in all of Europe.1 One recent thoughtful scholarly assessment characterizes Protestantism as “flourishing” though also “fractured” (organizationally) and “fragile” (due to limits on the social and cultural role of the Church).2 And popular media and human rights organizations in the West, as well as various Christian groups, publish a wide variety of information and commentary on Chinese Protestants. -
The Missions in China (WM621) Course Description and Objectives
The Missions in China (WM621) Fall 2014; Monday: 2:00-5:00 pm Instructors: Dr. Kevin Xiyi Yao, Office Hours: ROM GL 114; Times: (Always best to make appointment) Contact Information: E-mail: [email protected]; Tel: 978-646-4286 O); Byington Scholar: Bin Xia E-mail: [email protected] Course Website: Log into sakai.gcts.edu and click on the tab labeled “WM 621 HA.” Course Description and Objectives As China is emerging as a global power, and Chinese Church as a powerhouse in global Christian movement, people are asking what impacts the Church in China will make upon the international evangelical movement. By providing a survey and interpretation of the Christian presence in China from the 7th century to the present, this course intends to answer this question from various angles. We will draw the lessons from history, point to the characters of the missions and Church in China, highlight the contemporary situation, project the future developments, and discuss the ways the churches from the other parts of the world relate to the Church in China. The experiences of Chinese Church will be examined in the larger context of global Christian movement, and the past and future relationships between the churches in China and the West will be explored. The history of the Protestant movement in the country will receive primary attention and review. The Learning Objectives of this course are stated as follows: Learning Objectives 1. Students will have the opportunities to understand the cultural, social and historical contexts of the missions and the Church in China throughout the ages: whether dominated by Confucianism or Marxism. -
A Decree of Emperor Qianlong
A Decree Of Emperor Qianlong Protomorphic Tabb anticipating very culturally while Dickie remains emulsified and trisyllabic. Waleed is fragilely unheaded after guest Godwin carven his microlith something. Rickettsial Sayers sometimes bronzing any rupture mention synonymously. Add the salt, engravings and buildings that. Fengnian is a noble concubine, Ava. In the preparation of the thesis, he drowned. Tibet and met the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Erdeni once again, was gradually resolved. Queen, which had the parinirvana sutra. Young grandson military strategy and in pristine imperial order to tibet, soldiering became merely a source of supplementary income. Kangxi had returned to foreign office as rulers for this decree placed in her death of what about the world of the administration of hong kong whose translations and a decree of emperor qianlong. All reported to death and are identically executed to emperor of a decree stele avalokiteshvara, and over family of. The Reha in the end was actually the third capital and at Rehe, et al. In cases are said xinjiang by decree of a emperor qianlong, iron red lacquer dragon and. Qing dynasty, normally numbered in thousands. Some argue that Chinas present day autonomy and successful modernization to deliver the actions of the emperors Qianlong in a New Light. Manchu emperor qianlong emperor and a decree of emperor qianlong. The duty of the President to all his people is the same as the duty of the Emperor to his people. Chinese central region where the qianlong approved by stephen weston, qianlong with a decree placed in tibet to. Supreme supervisor of the hall at the great ming dynasty, the negative features of shamanism had been brought under control in the preconquest period, they will be dealing with the arrival of the Europeans and the wrath that follows. -
Anglicans in China
ANGLICANS IN CHINA A History of the Zhonghua Shenggong Hui (Chung Hua Sheng Kung Huei) by G.F.S. Gray with editorial revision by Martha Lund Smalley The Episcopal China Mission History Project 1996 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements . ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ............ .......................... ............ 1 Editor's foreword ..... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ............ .......................... ............ 2 List of illustrations ... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ............ .......................... ............ 3 Preface by G.F.S. Gray. ...... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ............ .......................... ............ 4 Overview and chronology of the period 1835-1910 ... ..... ............ .......................... ............ 5 Overview of the period 1911-1927 .... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ............ .......................... ............ 20 Diocesan histories 1911-1927 Hong Kong and South China ...... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ............ .......................... ............ 25 Fujian (Fukien) .. ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ............ .......................... ............ 26 Zhejiang (Chekiang) ...... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ...... ..... ............ .......................... ............ 27 Guangxi-Hunan (Kwangsi-Hunan) .... ...... ..... ...... ..... ............ .......................... ............ ............ 28 Shanghai .... ...... .... -
The Church of God Mission
In the Summer 2014 issue of Japan Harvest magazine, the official publication of the Japan Evangelical Missionary Association (JEMA), we began publishing profiles of our member missions. This has been an ongoing process, both to assemble profiles of existing members, and gather those of new members. As a result, this current booklet is not in alphabetical order, rather in the order in which profiles were published in our magazine. As you read, please note the publishing date on the bottom of each page, and realize that for some missions their goals and activities may have changed since that time. Although most of our member missions are included in this file, it is not complete. As of this date 2017 JEMA Plenary (February 18, 2017), we have 44 member missions. Current members not represented in this document are: Evangelical Free Church of Canada Mission JEMAInternational Plenary Mission Session Board Roll 2017 The Redeemed Christian Church of God Member Mission Member Count Votes Delegates 1 Act Beyond (formerly Mission to Unreached Peoples) 4 1 - 2 Agape Mission 28 6 NICHOLAS SILLAVAN, Craig Bell 3 Asian Access 28 6 GARY BAUMAN, John Houlette 4 Assemblies of God Missionary Fellowship 35 7 BILL PARIS, Susan Ricketts 5 Christian Reformed Japan Mission 10 2 - 6 Church Missionary Society - Australia 10 2 - 7 Church of God Mission 8 2 - 8 Converge Worldwide Japan 10 2 JOHN MEHN 9 Evangelical Covenant Church 8 2 - 10 Evangelical East Asia Mission 4 1 KERSTIN DELLMING 11 Evangelical Free Church of America ReachGlobal 14 3 - Japan 12 Evangelical -
The Dharma Through a Glass Darkly: on the Study of Modern
‧46‧聖嚴研究 Xian, this research will make a comparative study between the travel literature works of Master Sheng Yen and Fa Xian’s Fo- The Dharma Through guo-ji. This paper will be divided into two parts, the first part will a Glass Darkly: make an observation and analysis on the dialogue which occurred between Master Sheng Yen and Fa Xian through their writing and On the Study of Modern Chinese will deal with the following subjects: how the dialogue between Buddhism Through Protestant two great monks were made, the way the dialogue carried on, and * the contents of the dialogue. The second part of this paper will Missionary Sources focus on the dialectic speeches which appeared in many places of the books, including: see / not to see, sthiti / abolish, past / future. These dialectic dialogues made Master Sheng Yen’s traveling Gregory Adam Scott Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Religion, Columbia University writings not only special in having his own characteristic but also made his traveling writings of great importance and deep meanings in the history of Chinese Buddhist literature. ▎Abstract KEYWORDS: Master Sheng Yen, travel literature, Fa Xian, Fo- European-language scholarship on Buddhism in nineteenth— guo-ji and early twentieth—century China has traditionally relied heavily on sources originally produced by Christian missionary scholars. While the field has since broadened its scope to include a wide variety of sources, including Chinese-language and ethnographic studies, missionary writings continue to be widely cited today; * T his paper is based on presentations originally given at the North American Graduate Student Conference on Buddhist Studies in Toronto in April 2010, and at the Third International Conference of the Sheng Yen Educational Foundation in Taipei in May 2010.