Greta Lorke as a Catholic schoolgirl from ‐an‐der‐Order.

At the University of Wisconsin, Greta befriended German economist , a Rockefeller fellow, and his American wife, Mildred Fish, a graduate student in literature.

In 1929 Greta and the Harnacks returned to and an impending crisis.

In 1930 Greta fell in love with —novelist, playwright, editor, and roué.

Greta and Adam Kuckhoff’s son Ule was born in 1938. After Ule’s birth, Greta’s husband and friends were more cautious about involving her in resistance activities.

John Sieg married Sophie Wloszczynski in 1928.

Harro Schulze‐Boysen and his wife met the Kuckhoffs at a dinner party hosted by film producer Herbert Engelsing. Harro was the scion of one of Germany’s leading military families. He was also a passionate anti‐Nazi.

Schulze‐Boysen’s aristocratic wife, Libertas, began her career as a publicist in MGM’s office. The Kuckhoffs soon introduced the Schulze‐Boysens to their friends the Harnacks.

Listening to Hitler’s speeches was part of the job for Libertas (fourth from the right) and her fellow MGM employees.

In 1937, got a job with the Reich railways, which offered unique opportunities to work against the Nazis. His Berlin neighborhood of Neukölln served as a base for Communist underground activities and the production of anti‐Nazi flyers.

Film producer Herbert Engelsing often socialized with Libertas (left) and Harro Schulze‐Boysen. He also used his position to assist Libertas’s resistance work.

Ingeborg Engelsing became a close friend of Harro and Libertas Schulze‐ Boysen. Her husband and friends left her in the dark about political activities, since her status as the half‐Jewish mother of young children made her particularly vulnerable.

Günther and Joys Weisenborn’s wedding on January 25, 1941, provided a rare opportunity for the Schulze‐Boysen group to gather in public. The wedding couple is in the foreground, while Libertas Schulze‐Boysen stares anxiously into the camera on the lower right. Harro, in uniform, is on the left side. Walter Husemann celebrates in a desert helmet.

In June 1941 Kurt Schumacher was drafted and sent to guard French workers in Poznan. He continued his resistance activities in Poland.

In late 1940 Harro Schulze‐Boysen (second from left) pictured here in the German Air Ministry, learned of the Nazis’ secret plans to invade the . He and Arvid Harnack supplied the Soviets with a vast store of intelligence to use against Hitler. But Stalin chose to ignore the warnings.

Herbert Engelsing’s dentist friend and his fiancée, Marie Terwiel, brought many new members into the group. The couple was forbidden to marry because she was half‐Jewish. They supported Harro Schulze‐Boysen’s work by producing and distributing anti‐Nazi flyers, and helped persecuted Jews.

Cato Bontjes van Beek, a skilled ceramicist, recruited students and artists to help with leaf‐leting and other resistance activities. Cato came to doubt Harro’s judgment in the period before their arrests.

Katja Casella and Lisa Egler‐Gervai were two of Cato’s art student friends who joined the reistance group. The two beautiful young women passed unnoticed as couriers, in plain sight of Nazis who had no idea they were Jewish. Katja hid fugitives in her studio.

The arrested Harro Schulze‐Boysen on August 30, 1942. Other arrests quickly followed. This series of police photos shows Harro Schulze‐ Boysen, Arvid Harnack’s nephew Wolfgang Havemann, and Arvid Harnack.

Also arrested were , wife of the would‐be radio operator, , and Adam Kuckhoff.

Greta Kuckhoff was one of a few survivors. After the war she worked with the Nuremburg investigators in the attempt to prosecute for war crimes, but he was protected by U.S. Army intelligence. Greta chose to live in , but was later purged from her government position there. Her memoirs were heavily censored by the East Germans.

Katja Casella is the last known survivor of the Rote Kapelle. She and her friend Lisa were the two Jewish art students who served as couriers and hid fugitives for the group. Katja became an accomplished painter, and lives on the outskirts of Berlin.

Links

The German Resistance Memorial in Berlin is the foremost exhibit and research center on German resistance movements under Nazism, with an extensive online archive: http://www.gdw‐berlin.de/index‐e.php

“The Red Orchestra” is a documentary by German filmmaker Stefan Roloff, the son of one of the surviving members of the resistance group: http://mysite.verizon.net/when6is9/

Article by Anne Nelson on the ties between the Red Orchestra and the 20th of July conspiracy depicted in Tom Cruise’s “Valkyrie”: http://www.movingimagesource.us/articles/beyond‐valkyrie‐20090108

Anne Nelson’s Web site for the Red Orchestra: http://theredorchestra.wordpress.com/