List of Illustrations

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

List of Illustrations List of Illustrations Items in the Archives de Gaulle, Paris, are reproduced by kind permission of the de Gaulle family. LIST OF PLATES 1. Henri de Gaulle, 1886. Archives de Gaulle, Paris/Bridgeman Images 2. Jeanne Maillot, holding a photograph of her four sons, c.1920. Archives de Gaulle, Paris/Bridgeman Images 3. Charles de Gaulle with his siblings, Lille, c.1889–1900. Archives de Gaulle, Paris /Bridgeman Images 4. Charles de Gaulle and his father in the rhetoric class at the Immaculée Conception school, rue Vaugirard, 1904–05. Archives de Gaulle, Paris/ Bridgeman Images 5. De Gaulle as a student of Stanislas school, 1909. Archives de Gaulle, Paris/Bridgeman Images 6. Cover of Journal des Voyages featuring an illustration for de Gaulle’s short story, La Fille de l’Agha, 6 February 1910 7. Monument at Le Bourget, 1911, postcard. Private Collection 8. Captain de Gaulle convalescing, after January 1915. Archives de Gaulle, Paris/Bridgeman Images 9. De Gaulle’s sketch map of his first escape from Rosenberg, 1917. Archives de Gaulle, Paris/Bridgeman Images 10. Marriage of Charles de Gaulle and Yvonne Vendroux, Calais, 6 April 1921. Archives de Gaulle, Paris/Bridgeman Images 11. Capitain de Gaulle teaching at Saint-Cyr, caricature from Triomphe, 1921. Archives de Gaulle, Paris/Bridgeman Images 12. De Gaulle with Anne on the beach at Bénodet, c.1933. Archives de Gaulle, Paris/Bridgeman Images 13. Anne de Gaulle with her governess Marguerite Potel, at Villa ‘Les Oliviers’, Algiers, 1943. Archives de Gaulle, Paris/Bridgeman viii List of Illustrations 14. Cover of Vers l’Armée de Metier, 1st French edition, 1934. Private Collection 15. Colonel Emile Mayer, 1935. Collection familiale. 16. De Gaulle with President Albert Lebrun, 1939. Photo12/Alamy 17. The cabinet of Paul Reynaud, May 1940. Roger-Viollet Collection/Getty Images 18. De Gaulle at the BBC, 1940. Musée Nicéphore Niépce, Ville de Chalon- sur-Saône/adoc-photos 19. Free French poster, London, July 1940. Roger-Viollet Collection/ TopFoto 20. De Gaulle at Carlton Gardens, London 1941. Photo12/Alamy 21. De Gaulle dining with Major-General Sir Edward Spears, London, Summer 1940. Hulton Archive/Getty Images 22. De Gaulle inspecting French troops in Whitehall, London, 14 July 1940. Topical Press/Getty Images 23. De Gaulle and Yvonne in their library at Rodinghead House, Little Gaddesden, near Berkhamsted, 1941. Bettmann/Getty Images 24. Posing for the press in the garden at Rodinghead, 1941. Pictorial Press/ Alamy 25. False ID papers of Jean Moulin on his arrival in London, 1941. © Mémorial Leclerc-Musée Jean Moulin/Roger-Viollet/TopFoto 26. Legionnaires of the Free French Forces attack the German lines at Bir Hakeim, Libya, June. Imperial War Museum, London. © IWM (E 13313) 27. De Gaulle with Allied leaders at Anfa, Morocco, 25 January 1943. FDR Presidential Library & Museum (61-465/22) 28. The French National Committee, Carlton Gardens, London, May 1943. Apic/Getty Images 29. De Gaulle setting off for Bayeux, 14 June 1944. adoc-photos/Getty Images 30. De Gaulle shaking hands with civilians in Bayeux, 14 June 1944. Imperial War Museum, London. © IWM (B 5482) 31. De Gaulle’s speech at Bayeux, 14 June 1944. Lt. S J Beadell IWM/Getty Images 32. Parade on the Champs-Elysées celebrating the liberation of Paris, 26th August 1944. Robert Doisneau/Gamma-Rapho/Getty Images 33. De Gaulle with crowds on the Champs-Elysées, 26 August 1944. © Robert Capa © International Center of Photography/Magnum Photos 34. De Gaulle with Prime Minister Winston Churchill and British Foreign Minister Anthony Eden, Paris, 11 November 1944. AP Photo/Rex Shutterstock List of Illustrations ix 35. De Gaulle and Churchill, 11 November 1944. Camera Press, London 36. De Gaulle arriving at Moscow station, December 1944. Roger-Viollet/ TopFoto 37. Molotov signing the Franco-Soviet Treaty, 11 December 1944. Apic/ Getty Images 38. De Gaulle, Antibes, January 1946. The LIFE Images Collection/Getty Images 39. De Gaulle speaking at an RPF rally, Vincennes, 1947. Gamma/ Keystone-France/Getty Images 40. De Gaulle visiting Lille, 1949. Maurice Zalewski/adoc photos 41. Madame de Gaulle shopping in Morgat, Finisterre, June 1949. Rex Shutterstock 42. Aerial view of Colombey-les-deux-Eglises, 1956. ullstein bild/Getty Images 43. First draft in de Gaulle’s hand of his Memoires de guerre. Text © Plon, 1954, reproduced by kind permission of the de Gaulle family. Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris. 44. Front cover of L’Echo d’Oran, 5 June 1956. Centre de documentation Historique sur l’Algérie, Maroc et Tunisie, Aix-en-Provence 45. The four putschist generals, Algiers, 29 April 1961. Hulton Archive/ Getty Images 46. Television broadcast by de Gaulle condemning the coup in Algeria, 23 April 1961. Hulton Archive/Getty Images 47. Michel Debré, 1959. Maurice Zalewski/adoc-photos 48. Georges Pompidou, 1958. AFP/Getty Images 49. Maurice Couve de Murville with de Gaulle in Poland, 1967. © Bruno Barbey/Magnum Photos 50. André Malraux with de Gaulle at a Mexican art exhibition, Paris, 1962. Paris Match Archive/Getty Images 51. President Ahmadou Ahidjo of Cameroon leaves the Elysée Palace, with Jacques Foccart in the background, 1967. AFP/Getty Images 52. De Gaulle at the monument to the Free French, Mont-Valérian, 18 June 1964. Gamma-Rapho/Getty Images 53. The ‘Panthéonization’ of Jean Moulin, Paris, December 1964. Roger- Viollet/TopFoto 54. De Gaulle with adoring crowds, Millau, Midi-Pyrénées, 1961. © Henri Cartier-Bresson/Magnum Photos 55. On the election trail, Seine-et-Oise, 1965. Gamma-Rapho/Getty Images 56. De Gaulle greeting Konrad Adenauer on his arrival at Colombey, September 1958. ullstein bild/TopFoto x List of Illustrations 57. The de Gaulles visiting the Macmillans at Birch Grove, East Sussex, November 1961. Georges Menager/Paris Match Archive/Getty Images 58. De Gaulle’s speech vetoing Britain’s application to the European Community, 14 January 1963. adoc-photos 59. Official visit to Mexico, March 1964. Paul Slade/Paris Match Archive/ Getty Images 60. Official visit to Moscow, 1966. Rex Shutterstock 61. Military parade at the Olympic Stadium, Pnom Penh, Cambodia, August 1966. Georges Menager/Paris Match Archive/Getty Images 62. Official visit to Quebec, Canada, July 1967. Alain Nogues/Sygma/Getty Images 63. Street barricades, Paris, May 1968. Bettmann/Getty Images 64. Salaires Legers, Chars Lourds, poster showing de Gaulle as Hitler, Paris, May 1968. Gamma-Rapho/Getty Images 65. Wanted! Big Charly, ‘warrant’ issued by Caen University, May 1968. akg-images 66. De Gaulle returns to France from Baden-Baden, Germany, 29 May 1968. Henri Bureau/Sygma/Getty Images 67. Rally in support of de Gaulle, Trocadéro Square, Paris, 30 May 1968. © Bruno Barbey/Magnum Photos 68. The de Gaulles on Kerrynane beach, County Kerry, Ireland, 14 May 1969. Kennelly Archive, Ireland (www.kennellyarchive.com) 70. France Soir announces de Gaulle’s death, 10 November 1970. ullstein bild TEXT ILLUSTRATIONS p.2 De Gaulle, 1927. Archives de Gaulle, Paris/Bridgeman Images p.124 De Gaulle, 1942. Rex Shutterstock p.144 Charles de Gaulle, The Army of the Future, English edition, 1941. Private Collection p.158 Avec ce de Gaulle là, vous ne prendrez rien, poster published by the French Anti-British League, 1940. Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris/ Bridgeman Images p.158 Le vrai visage de la “France libre”!: Le général Micro, fourrier des juifs!, poster, 1941. Rex Shutterstock p.328 ‘Mon Grand!’ cartoon by Jean Effel (François Lejeune) in France Soir, 30 December 1944. Collection Jonas/Kharbine-Tapabor, Paris. © ADAGP, Paris and DACS, London 2018 p.334 De Gaulle, 1956. ullstein bild/Getty Images p.407 Poster of de Gaulle’s Strasbourg speech, 7 April 1947, published by the RPF. Alamy List of Illustrations xi p.414 A Bas le Fascisme. Vive la République. Anti-gaullist poster by Fougeron issued by Le Parti Communiste Français, 1951. Rex Shutterstock p.508 De Gaulle, 1959. Jean-Marie Marcel/Getty Images p.618 On engage au Palais, cartoon by Roland Moisan in Le Canard enchaîné, 28 February. Collection Jonas/Kharbine Tapabor, Paris. © ADAGP, Paris and DACS, London 2018 p.624 Conférence de presse, cartoon by Roland Moisan in Le Canard enchaîné, 1968. Collection Jonas/Kharbine-Tapabor, Paris. © ADAGP, Paris and DACS, London 2018 p.627 ‘Il me semble avoir entendu, au fond de la salle . .’, cartoon by Jacques Faizant, 16 May 1961. © Estate of Jacques Faizant p.670 De Gaulle, 1969. Henri Bureau/Corbis/Getty Images p.763 Untitled drawing of Marianne and a fallen tree, by Jacques Faizant, 10 November 1970. © Estate of Jacques Faizant p.764 Untitled drawing of the Croix de Lorraine, by Jacques Faizant, 12 November 1970. © Estate of Jacques Faizant .
Recommended publications
  • Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)
    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Le roi et l’exil Les relations de Charles de Gaulle avec les Juifs jusqu’en 1940 Foucaud-Royer, E.A.J. Publication date 2019 Document Version Other version License Other Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Foucaud-Royer, E. A. J. (2019). Le roi et l’exil: Les relations de Charles de Gaulle avec les Juifs jusqu’en 1940. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:03 Oct 2021 Abréviations (œuvres de Charles de Gaulle utilisées pour ce travail) FE : Le Fil de l’épée et autres écrits, Paris : Plon, 1990 MG : Mémoires de guerre, Paris : Plon, 1999 LNC I : Lettres, notes et carnets : 1905-1941, Paris : Robert Laffont « Bouquins », 2010 LNC II : Lettres, notes et carnets.
    [Show full text]
  • Charles De Gaulle - Wikipedia Charles De Gaulle from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    338 REKHITA [to scarify] [= TA-KI-RI] FILIP FALETOLU KAWATIRI ©All Rights Reserved Courtesy: De Gaulle during World War II, Wikipedia wearing the two stars of a général de brigade on his sleeve. President of France Co-Prince of Andorra 27/07/2017 Charles de Gaulle - Wikipedia Charles de Gaulle From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (French: [ a l də ʃ ʁ Charles de Gaulle ɡol]; 22 November 1890 – 9 November 1970) was a French general and statesman. He was the leader of Free France (1940–44) and the head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic (1944–46). In 1958, he founded the Fifth Republic and was elected as the President of France, a position he held until his resignation in 1969. He was the dominant figure of France during the Cold War era and his memory continues to influence French politics. Born in Lille, he graduated from Saint-Cyr in 1912. He was a decorated officer of the First World War, wounded several times, and later taken prisoner at Verdun. During the interwar period, he advocated mobile armoured divisions. During the German invasion of May 1940, he led an armoured division which counterattacked the invaders; he was then appointed Under-Secretary for War. Refusing to accept his government's armistice with Nazi Germany, de Gaulle President of France exhorted the French population to resist occupation and to Co-Prince of Andorra continue the fight in his Appeal of 18 June. He led a In office government in exile and the Free French Forces against the 8 January 1959 – 28 April 1969 Axis.
    [Show full text]
  • Charles De Gaulle Du Même Auteur
    CHARLES DE GAULLE DU MÊME AUTEUR LA MAUVAISE FRÉQUENTATION. LES GARÇONS. TOURNEBELLE. GASTON BONHEUR CHARLES DE GAULLE BIOGRAPHIE GALLIMARD 5, rue Sébastien-Bottin, Paris VII Tous droits de traduction, de reproduction et d'adaptation réservés pour tous pays, y compris la Russie. © 1958, Librairie Gallimard. La plus grande partie de cette biographie fut écrite en 1944 et publiée en 1946. Il s'agit des chapitres qui vont de l'enfance au débarquement en Normandie. L'actualité ayant fourni l'occasion de rééditer cet ou- vrage, une dernière partie a été écrite en juin 1958, pour faire le pont par-dessus les quatorze ans qui avaient passé. Le poète suscite avec un glaive nu... STÉPHANE MALLARMÉ. PREMIÈRE PARTIE AVANT 14 L'ENFANT DU SIÈCLE En cette année 1900, les bérets des petits garçons s'appelaient volontiers Le Vengeur, en lettres d'or, ou L'Indomptable. Et pour- quoi pas La Revanche ? Coiffé d'un de ces noms exaltants qui le désignent à notre attention, le petit Charles de Gaulle s'avançait à travers les allées du Luxembourg, par une fin d'après-midi d'au- tomne. Culottes mi-longues, manches mi- courtes, il paraissait encombré de lui-même, et on eût dit que sa tête penchée pesait à son cou. Dans sa main, il tenait roulé le programme de L'Aiglon. Pour ses dix ans, son père l'avait mené au théâtre, et l'enfant était encore tout étourdi d'alexandrins, tout ébloui de gloire. Il voyait à peine, à travers les images qui collaient à ses yeux, le tableau de ce parc débonnaire où des messieurs à barbe calamistrée termi- naient gravement leur partie de croquet.
    [Show full text]
  • Personalities and Perceptions: Churchill, De Gaulle, and British-Free French Relations 1940-1941" (2019)
    University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM UVM Honors College Senior Theses Undergraduate Theses 2019 Personalities and Perceptions: Churchill, De Gaulle, and British- Free French Relations 1940-1941 Samantha Sullivan Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses Recommended Citation Sullivan, Samantha, "Personalities and Perceptions: Churchill, De Gaulle, and British-Free French Relations 1940-1941" (2019). UVM Honors College Senior Theses. 324. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/324 This Honors College Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in UVM Honors College Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Personalities and Perceptions: Churchill, De Gaulle, and British-Free French Relations 1940-1941 By: Samantha Sullivan Advised by: Drs. Steven Zdatny, Andrew Buchanan, and Meaghan Emery University of Vermont History Department Honors College Thesis April 17, 2019 Acknowledgements: Nearly half of my time at UVM was spent working on this project. Beginning as a seminar paper for Professor Zdatny’s class in Fall 2018, my research on Churchill and De Gaulle slowly grew into the thesis that follows. It was a collaborative effort that allowed me to combine all of my fields of study from my entire university experience. This project took me to London and Cambridge to conduct archival research and made for many late nights on the second floor of the Howe Library. I feel an overwhelming sense of pride and accomplishment for this thesis that is reflective of the work I have done at UVM.
    [Show full text]
  • Charles De Gaulle, L'homme Du « Nord »
    Charles de Gaulle, l’homme du « Nord » Itinéraires en Hauts-de-France pour comprendre l’homme qui incarne « une certaine idée de la France » « Le Nord représentait non seulement un lieu de naissance mais aussi une éthique, un mode d’éducation, une manière de voir. Il ne convenait pas d’être expansif. On ne faisait pas d’histoires. » Le témoignage est de Philippe de Gaulle, le fils du Général. En 1944, dans sa ville natale libérée, Charles de Gaulle lance à la foule : « Nous autres, Lillois, ce sont les vérités que nous regardons en face, beaucoup plus que nous ne goûtons les formules. » En 1947, à l’Hippodrome des Flandres de Marcq-en-Barœul, il appuie : « Nous autres gens du Nord, sommes fiers que les hommes et les femmes de chez nous aient, en très grand nombre et comme toujours, bien servi la patrie dans le drame où s’est joué son destin. Et comme nous ne sommes point d’une race qui redoute la vérité, même quand elle grave et dure, c’est aussi pour la voir en face ensemble que nous nous sommes groupés aujourd’hui... » le pa BRUXELLES ’O d Malo e t Calais ô Antoing C Sangatte Wissant LILLE Wimereux Dinant Wimille Haillicourt Bruay-la-Buissière e d e ai e Arras B m m So Abbeville AMIENS Montcornet Huppy Beauvais Berry-au-Bac PARIS P1 Le graph de couverture est signé Mister P, le street artiste Thomas. « Je cherchais à exprimer ma fierté pour la région où je suis né. J’ai tout de suite pensé au Général, le seul à avoir une telle dimension universelle.
    [Show full text]
  • Gardes Des Sceaux En France, D'hier Et D'aujourd'hui
    GARDES DES SCEAUX EN FRANCE D’HIER ET D’AUJOURD’HUI GARDES DESGARDES D’AUJOURD’HUI ET D’HIER EN FRANCE, SCEAUX GARDES DES SCEAUX EN FRANCE D’HIER ET D’AUJOURD’HUI ÉDITO Depuis près de 300 ans, sans interruption, la Chancellerie située place Vendôme, accueille les chanceliers de France, gardes des sceaux et ministres de la justice.Une fonction qui existe, elle, depuis 1545. Située sur l’une des plus prestigieuses places de Paris, la Chancellerie témoigne en ces lieux de la pérennité de l’État. Danton, d’Aguesseau, Cambacérès ... les noms de personnalités illustres résonnent dans l’hôtel de Bourvallais comme pour en scander l’histoire. Tous y ont laissé leur empreinte. Extension, embellissement de l’hôtel d’une part, affirmation de la fonction de ministre de la justice de l’autre, ainsi se sont entremêlés pendant près de trois siècles architecture, art et politique. GARDES DES SCEAUX · ANCIEN RÉGIME FRANÇOIS OLIVIER 28 avril 1545 - 22 mai 1551 Rois de France : François Ier et Henri II © Gallica.bnf.fr/Bibliothèque nationale de France 5 GARDES DES SCEAUX · ANCIEN RÉGIME JEAN DE BERTRAND 22 mai 1551- 10 juillet 1559 Roi de France : Henri II © Château de Versailles, Dist. RMN-Grand Palais/image château de Versailles 6 GARDES DES SCEAUX · ANCIEN RÉGIME FRANÇOIS OLIVIER 10 juillet 1559 - 2 janvier 1560 Roi de France : François II © Gallica.bnf.fr/Bibliothèque nationale de France 7 GARDES DES SCEAUX · ANCIEN RÉGIME JEAN DE MORVILLIER fin avril 1560 - 2 juin 1560 Roi de France : François II © Gallica.bnf.fr/Bibliothèque nationale de France 8 GARDES
    [Show full text]
  • Note to Users
    NOTE TO USERS Page(s) not included in the original manuscript are unavailable from the author or university. The manuscript was microfilmed as received 14 and 65 This reproduction is the best copy available. UMI 1848 De Gaulle: son image du système international et des relations France—Canada-Québec par Jacques Filion Thèse présentée en vue de l'obtention d'un M.A. en science politique .©BLIO^ BIBL'OTHèQUES * Université d'Ottawa, . L.BRAWtS ^ Ottawa, Ontario. Janvier 1974« Cj Jacques Filion, Ottawa, 1974, UMI Number: EC55397 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dépendent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complète manuscript and there are missing pages, thèse will be noted. AIso, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI UMI Microform EC55397 Copyright 2011 by ProQuest LLC Ail rights reserved. This microform édition is protected against unauthorized copying underTitle 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 AnnArbor, Ml 48106-1346 Nous tenons à remercier le plus sincèrement possible M. William Badour pour ses judicieux conseils, ses encouragements constants et à lui dire notre appréciation pour sa très grande disponibilité. Merci à Mme Carmen Long Houle pour sa diligence à trans­ crire le présent texte. Car le pouvoir, s'il est amour de la domination, je le juge ambition stupide.
    [Show full text]
  • Archives De La Présidence De La République Sous La Iiie République (1871-190)
    Archives de la présidence de la république sous la IIIe république (1871-190) Inventaire (1AG/1-1AG/150) Par Françoise ADNÈS, Perrine Canavaggio et Albert Couturier Archives nationales (France) Pierrefitte-sur-Seine 1 https://www.siv.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/siv/IR/FRAN_IR_027938 Cet instrument de recherche a été encodé en 2012 par l'entreprise Numen dans le cadre du chantier de dématérialisation des instruments de recherche des Archives Nationales sur la base d'une DTD conforme à la DTD EAD (encoded archival description) et créée par le service de dématérialisation des instruments de recherche des Archives Nationales 2 Archives nationales (France) Préface Tableau des Maisons civile et militaire des Présidents de la République Liens : Liens annexes : • Tableau des Maisons civile et militaire des Présidents de la République 3 Archives nationales (France) INTRODUCTION Référence 1AG/1-1AG/150 Niveau de description fonds Intitulé Archives de la présidence de la république sous la IIIe république Date(s) extrême(s) 1871-1940 Localisation physique Pierrefitte DESCRIPTION Présentation du contenu INTRODUCTION Le fonds des archives de la présidence de la République sous la III e République est d'un volume peu important pour une période aussi longue. En effet, les présidents de la République, comme les membres du gouvernement, étaient traditionnellement libres de disposer à leur guise de leurs papiers, à la fin de leurs fonctions. Ceux-ci étaient alors détruits ou dispersés. On ne trouvera donc dans cet inventaire aucune trace des affaires
    [Show full text]
  • Albert Lebrun: Mercy-Le-Haut, 29 Augustus 1871 – Parijs, 6 Maart 1950 Albert François Lebrun Was Een Frans Politicus
    Albert Lebrun: Mercy-le-Haut, 29 augustus 1871 – Parijs, 6 maart 1950 Albert François Lebrun was een Frans politicus. Hij was president van Frankrijk van 1932 tot 1940 en daarmee de laatste president van de Derde Republiek. President van Frankrijk Periode: 1932 – 1940 Voorganger: André Amédée Opvolger: Philippe Pétain (staatshoofd) Vincent Auriol (president) Minister van Oorlog 1913 Voorganger: Alexandre Millerand Opvolger: Eugène Étienne Albert Lebrun was de zoon van een landbouwer, die ook burgemeester was van zijn geboortedorp. Albert Lebrun geboortehuis Hij deed briljante studies aan de École polytechnique en de École des Mines en werd mijningenieur in Vesoul en later in Nancy. Huidig gebouw van de École polytechnique Hij begon zijn politieke loopbaan als raadslid van het departement Meurthe-et-Moselle. In 1906 werd hij voorzitter van de algemene raad van dit departement, wat hij zou blijven tot zijn verkiezing tot staatshoofd. In 1900 werd hij tot het jongste parlementslid van Frankrijk gekozen. Als afgevaardigde van de streek van Briey behoorde hij tot de gematigd rechtse Alliance républicaine démocratique van Raymond Poincaré. Raymond Poincaré Hoewel praktiserend katholiek, stemde hij in 1905 voor de wet op de scheiding van kerk en staat, maar hij verzette zich wel tegen extreme antiklerikale maatregelen. In juni 1911 werd Lebrun minister van Koloniën en dat tot begin 1912. Hij speelde toen een rol in de oplossing van de Agadir-crisis, waarbij Duitsland instemde met een Frans protectoraat in Marokko en in ruil een deel van Frans Equatoriaal Afrika kreeg. In januari 1913 was Lebrun enkele dagen minister van Oorlog en van december 1913 tot juni 1914 opnieuw van Koloniën.
    [Show full text]
  • International Register and Checklist of Cultivar Names in the Genus Syringa L
    Last updated: March 30, 2018 ©FV & RBG International Register and Checklist of Cultivar Names in the Genus Syringa L. (Oleaceae) (“Work-in-Progress” Lilac Register) For information on title, copyright, address, table of content, acknowledgements, historical overview and introduction see Introductory Pages. Introductory notes concerning the entries in the Register and Checklist. The Register and Checklist contains all cultivar names known to the Registrar, and many designations that may be interpreted erroneously as being cultivar names. The name of a cultivar or Group consists of the name of the genus or lower taxonomic unit to which it is assigned together with a cultivar or Group epithet. The name may be written in a variety of equivalent ways (ICNCP-2009, Article 8.1)1. Syringa ‘Excel’, Syringa ×hyacinthiflora ‘Excel’, lilac ‘Excel’, sering ‘Excel’ (in Dutch), lilas ‘Excel’ (in French), and Flieder ‘Excel’ (in German) are names for the same cultivar. A trade designation is not a name but is a device that is usually used for marketing a cultivar or Group in place of its accepted name when the accepted name is not considered suitable for marketing purposes (ICNCP-2009, Article 13.1). Trade designations, including trademarks, appear in small capital letters (e.g. LUDWIG SPAETH). Trade designations, including trademarks, are always to be cited together with, or in juxtaposition to, the accepted name (ICNCP-2009, Article 17.2) (e.g. Syringa LUDWIG SPAETH [‘Andenken an Ludwig Späth’], or TINKERBELLE™ [‘Bailbelle’]). Diacritical marks are integral part of certain languages such as French, German, Latvian and Swedish, where they affect pronunciation. Neglecting umlauts is simply an orthographic error and changes the pronunciation of a name or word; neglecting diacritical marks is unnecessary and awkward.
    [Show full text]
  • The Worldview of Franklin D. Roosevelt: France, Germany, and United States Involvement in World War Ii in Europe
    ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: THE WORLDVIEW OF FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT: FRANCE, GERMANY, AND UNITED STATES INVOLVEMENT IN WORLD WAR II IN EUROPE Michael S. Bell, Doctor of Philosophy, 2004 Dissertation directed by: Professor Keith W. Olson Dep artment of History President Franklin D. Roosevelt operated from a remarkably consistent view of the world that grew naturally from his experiences. Before he entered the White House, Roosevelt already possessed a coherent worldview that influenced his thinking and informed his decisions as president. The product of his background and education, his experiences, and his exposure to contemporary ideas, Roosevelt’s worldview fully coalesced by the mid 1920s and provided a durable and coherent foundation for Roosevelt’s thinking as president and his strategic direction in response to the deteriorating situation in Europe in the late 1930s and toward the Second World War. Roosevelt’s “worldview” was his broad perspective and sweeping understanding of the impact and interplay of states, parties, groups, and individual people on the progressive advance of world civilization. His background and personal experiences, understanding of historical events, and ideology shaped Roosevelt’s perspective and enabled him to formulate and deliberately pursue long-range strategic goals as part of his foreign policy. The foundation of Roosevelt’s worldview was a progressive, liberal outlook that provided a durable basis for how he interpreted and responded to events at home and abroad. An essential aspect of that outlook was Roosevelt’s deep conviction that he had a personal responsibility to advance civilization and safeguard the cause of liberal reform and democracy. He believed that he was an agent of progress.
    [Show full text]
  • French Government Archives on Fascism
    1 of 24 From the desk of Pierre Beaudry ₪₪₪₪₪₪₪₪₪₪₪₪₪₪₪₪₪₪₪₪₪₪₪₪₪ FRENCH GOVERNMENT ARCHIVES ON THE FASCIST COUPS D’ETAT OF 1927, 1934, AND 1940. [Annie Lacroix-Riz, { Le Choix De La Défaite }, Armand Colin, Paris, 2007, 671 pages.] by Pierre Beaudry 5/7/2008 “We have not vanquished France, She was given to us.” (Field Marshal Walter von Reichenau.) In the main, except for a number of additional names, the “Vichy Documents” that Annie Lacroix-Riz has investigated in her book confirm the French banking conspiracy of the Synarchy Movement of Empire (SME) that historian Roger Mennevée had reported in his revue Les Documents Politiques, Diplomatiques et Financiers , during the 1940’s, and which had been known to the FDR intelligence community during the World War II period. The Lacroix-Riz findings reveal nothing significantly new about the three fascist coups d’Etat that set France up for the Nazi invasion of May 1940. As a matter of fact, Lacroix-Riz said that the reports of “Roger Mennevée, who had scrutinized the financial press since 1919, [were] almost as precise as the State Archives.” (LCDLD, p. 79.) 1 “They Chose Defeat” is an appropriate title for such a historical singularity because it immediately indicates that the invasion had been prearranged conspiratorial action . Indeed, the choice of the defeat was a conscious and a well prepared plan that was orchestrated by the British, Dutch, and French Banking oligarchies, in order to break the will of the republican forces and the general population of France as a sovereign nation- state, and with the intent to institute fascism throughout the world.
    [Show full text]