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ACT27-Goa Portuguesa.Indd AACT27-GoaCT27-Goa PPortuguesa.inddortuguesa.indd 1 008-11-20148-11-2014 004:02:274:02:27 AACT27-GoaCT27-Goa PPortuguesa.inddortuguesa.indd 2 008-11-20148-11-2014 004:02:274:02:27 act.27 ALTERIDADES, CRUZAMENTOS, TRANSFERÊNCIAS AACT27-GoaCT27-Goa PPortuguesa.inddortuguesa.indd 3 008-11-20148-11-2014 004:02:284:02:28 ALTERIDADES, CRUZAMENTOS, TRANSFERÊNCIAS Direcção: Centro de Estudos Comparatistas Coordenação: Helena Carvalhão Buescu e João Ferreira Duarte ACT 27 – GOA PORTUGUESA E PÓS-COLONIAL Literatura, Cultura e Sociedade Organização: Everton V. Machado e Duarte D. Braga Capa: Edições Húmus, a partir de layout de António J. Pedro Imagem da capa: fotografi a de Hugo Cardoso Revisão: Marta Pacheco Pinto (CEC) © Edições Húmus, Lda., 2014 Apartado 7081 4764 -908 Ribeirão – V.N. Famalicão Telef. 926 375 305 [email protected] Impressão: Papelmunde, SMG, Lda. – V.N. Famalicão 1.ª edição: Novembro de 2014 Depósito Legal: 380436/14 ISBN: 978-989-755-069-0 AACT27-GoaCT27-Goa PPortuguesa.inddortuguesa.indd 4 008-11-20148-11-2014 004:02:284:02:28 act.27 ALTERIDADES, CRUZAMENTOS, TRANSFERÊNCIAS Goa Portuguesa e Pós-Colonial: Literatura, Cultura e Sociedade Organização de Everton V. Machado Duarte D. Braga AACT27-GoaCT27-Goa PPortuguesa.inddortuguesa.indd 5 008-11-20148-11-2014 004:02:284:02:28 AACT27-GoaCT27-Goa PPortuguesa.inddortuguesa.indd 6 008-11-20148-11-2014 004:02:294:02:29 PREÂMBULO DOS COORDENADORES Central ao trabalho comparatista no nosso tempo é sem dúvida o encontro com o Outro, a investigação dos contactos culturais, a pes- quisa sobre migrações discursivas e as reconfi gurações disciplinares e epistemológicas que advêm da irrevogável diluição de fronteiras que caracteriza o regime actual das Ciências Humanas. É por isso que o Centro de Estudos Comparatistas da Faculdade de Letras da Universi- dade de Lisboa, em colaboração com a editora Húmus propõe aqui uma série de publicações dedicada à exploração de “Alteridades, Cruzamen- tos, Transferências”, ou – uma vez que também as línguas se submetem cada vez mais à lógica da travessia e da pluralidade – “Alterities, Cros- sings, Transfers”, “Altérités, Croisements, Transfers”, e que se caracteriza essencialmente pela disseminação de assuntos, pelo nomadismo tópico. O acrónimo ACT denuncia de imediato outra dimensão, agora pragmática, desta empresa: é que cada volume constitui a transcrição de uma performance, isto é, de um conjunto de textos comunicados oral- mente a um público e com ele interactivamente discutidos. Ao decidir encenar regularmente estes ACT e transferi-los da palavra oral para a escrita, pretendem os Coordenadores antes do mais ampliar o âmbito da discussão por via da reapropriação intelectual que ao livro sempre subjaz; pretendem, em suma, contribuir para o continuado debate que a ciência é e, em particular no que diz respeito aos Estudos Comparatistas, para a possibilidade de conversão do ACT em acto de re-conhecimento. Helena Carvalhão Buescu João Ferreira Duarte AACT27-GoaCT27-Goa PPortuguesa.inddortuguesa.indd 7 008-11-20148-11-2014 004:02:294:02:29 AACT27-GoaCT27-Goa PPortuguesa.inddortuguesa.indd 8 008-11-20148-11-2014 004:02:294:02:29 INTRODUÇÃO Everton V. Machado* / Duarte D. Braga** O trabalho de equipa desenvolvido no âmbito do projecto de investi- gação ORION/Orientalismo Português: Textos e Contextos (séculos XIX e XX) – sediado no Centro de Estudos Comparatistas da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa e coordenado por Ana Paula Labori- nho – incide basicamente sobre as imagens do Oriente feitas pelos por- tugueses na literatura, na pintura, na música e em outras artes. O ciclo colonial português, tendo sido formalmente encerrado em 1999 com a transferência da administração de Macau para a República Popular da China, tornou possível estudar o Orientalismo Português de uma perspectiva pós-colonial e em diálogo com a obra seminal de Edward W. Said, Orientalism (1978), que analisa a experiência dos impérios britânico, francês e norte-americano e expõe um conjunto de categorias operativas que se acredita poderem ser extensíveis ao mundo de língua portuguesa. Afi rma Said que o Orientalismo: is a style of thought based upon an ontological and epistemological dis- tinction made between “the Orient” and (most of the time) “the Occident”. Th us a very large mass of writers, among whom are poets, novelists, phi- losophers, political theorists, economists, and imperial administrators, have accepted the basic distinction between East and West as the starting point for elaborate theories, epics, novels, social descriptions, and political accounts concerning the Orient, its people, customs, “mind”, destiny, and so on. (Said 1978, 2-3) * Centro de Estudos Comparatistas da Universidade de Lisboa. ** Centro de Estudos Comparatistas da Universidade de Lisboa. 9 AACT27-GoaCT27-Goa PPortuguesa.inddortuguesa.indd 9 008-11-20148-11-2014 004:02:294:02:29 GOA PORTUGUESA E PÓS-COLONIAL: LITERATURA, CULTURA E SOCIEDADE Dedicando-se em especial à China (particularmente Macau), ao Japão e à Índia, o projecto Orion tem como tópicos centrais “Orien- talismo como estética europeia”, “Orientalismo e império”, “Estudos Inter-Artes: imagens do Extremo Oriente”, “Travel Writing”, “Writing Macau” e “Literatura de língua portuguesa da Índia”. Os ensaios apresentados no presente volume da colecção Alterida- des, Cruzamentos e Transferências (ACT 27) são fruto de uma colabora- ção entre especialistas da Índia das áreas de Estudos Literários, História, Antropologia, Direito e Música. A particularidade desta obra consiste, portanto, no seu carácter marcada e determinantemente interdiscipli- nar, para além das novas propostas de abordagem que o leitor encon- trará sobre Goa: este território, com presença colonial portuguesa por quatro séculos e meio (1510-1961), afi gura-se como um espaço desa- fi ante para a Academia, pela necessidade de se entender a hibridez cul- tural que sempre o caracterizou. Os textos aqui reunidos focam-se nos séculos XIX, XX e XXI, ou seja, nos últimos duzentos anos da Índia Portuguesa e as suas transmu- tações pós-coloniais. Como nos recorda o historiador Luís Filipe F. R. Th omaz: A civilização goesa aparece perfeitamente caracterizada no século XIX, após a estabilização das fronteiras e da composição interna da população. Foi à medida que Goa se tornou menos cosmopolita que se tornou mais goesa. Até ao século XVIII vivera para o comércio internacional e para o seu império, que ia de Moçambique a Timor: agora viverá para si mesma. A supressão do Exército da Índia – feudo dos “descendentes” –, em 1871, deu a predominância ao elemento local. Foi então que Goa manifestou cla- ramente a sua vitalidade e a sua personalidade, na literatura, na arte, no jornalismo, na actividade científi ca. (1965, 4) As duas contribuições iniciais de Goa Portuguesa e Pós-Colonial: Literatura, Cultura e Sociedade oferecem, a primeira (por Kenneth David Jackson, da Universidade de Yale), um panorama necessário de toda uma literatura de e sobre Goa, preferindo o seu autor, no lugar de Orientalismo, falar em Orientalidade para as relações luso-indianas, e, a segunda (por Rosa Maria Perez, do Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, antropóloga com vasta produção sobre a Índia reconhecida internacio- nalmente), um tema ainda muito pouco explorado que é o do Orien- 10 AACT27-GoaCT27-Goa PPortuguesa.inddortuguesa.indd 1100 008-11-20148-11-2014 004:02:294:02:29 INTRODUÇÃO talismo praticado pelos próprios orientais. Põem-nos perante questões que, de uma maneira geral, atravessam os restantes ensaios publicados. Procurou-se, na edição dos mesmos, seguir uma linearidade tem- poral relativamente aos temas abordados pelos nossos colaboradores, visto que permite traçar um quadro evolutivo dos variados discursos originários da própria Goa ou sobre ela produzidos a partir de outras realidades socioculturais. Tais temas compreendem não apenas o Orientalismo, mas também as relações entre viagens, impérios e escrita, literatura e prática institucional, colonialismo e identidades culturais religiosas, a literatura goesa de língua portuguesa e a pós-colonialidade. A fotografi a que ilustra a capa foi gentilmente cedida por Hugo Car- doso, do Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa. OBRAS CITADAS Said, Edward W. 1978. Orientalism. Londres: Penguin. Thomaz, Luís Filipe F. R. 1965. O Cristianismo e as tradições pagãs na Índia Por- tuguesa. Separata das Actas do Congresso Internacional de Etnografi a. Lisboa: Junta de Investigações do Ultramar. 11 AACT27-GoaCT27-Goa PPortuguesa.inddortuguesa.indd 1111 008-11-20148-11-2014 004:02:294:02:29 12 AACT27-GoaCT27-Goa PPortuguesa.inddortuguesa.indd 1122 008-11-20148-11-2014 004:02:294:02:29 GOA E A ORIENTALIDADE Kenneth David Jackson* Rainha do Mandovy, ó emporio gigantesco Que assombraste as nações com o teu esplendor Floriano Barreto Orientalidade é o termo com que designo teoricamente uma vivência entre-culturas, ou seja, um sincretismo de línguas e culturas ocidentais e orientais. Aplica-se sobretudo, no caso goês, a uma identidade híbrida construída durante meio milénio de coexistências. Foi essa a ideia, tal- vez, de Jeremias Xavier de Carvalho ao fundar a Arcadia Oriente e Oci- dente de Goa, de modelo renascentista, responsável pela terceira edição da História de Goa (1898) do Pe. M. J. Gabriel de Saldanha (1853-1930), “com informações precisas sobre o vasto império português no Oriente” (“Palavras necessárias”, introdução à segunda edição, 1925). Orientado também por esse conceito, foi lançado em 2012, em Margão, Oriente e Ocidente na Literatura Goesa: realidade, fi cção, história e imaginação, de Eufemiano Miranda, tratando da literatura em língua portuguesa dos séculos XIX e XX. Goa era o centro administrativo da Índia Portuguesa, que se esten- dia da África oriental até ao Extremo Oriente; funcionava como centro de uma cultura marítima de diáspora, crisol de um vice-mundo luso-a- siático extremamente diverso. Goa é uma terra entre-culturas exemplar, com uma literatura escrita hoje em concanim, marati e inglês, apoiada por meio milénio de obras de língua portuguesa, para não falar das cul- turas linguísticas primordiais do subcontinente.
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