A Obra Poética De Manuel Inácio Da Silva Alvarenga
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Um mestre na periferia da Arcádia: a obra poética de Manuel Inácio da Silva Alvarenga no contexto do Império português do século XVIII Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Fernando Lima e Morato Graduate Program in Portuguese The Ohio State University 2019 Dissertation Committee Lúcia Helena Costigan Pedro Schacht Pereira Lisa Voigt 1 Copyrighted by Fernando Lima e Morato 2019 2 Abstract In this work I analyze the poetry of the Luso-Brazilian author Manuel Inácio da Silva Alvarenga (1749-1814). Using the theoretical framework provided by the Russian philosopher Mikhail Bakhtin, I consider Silva Alvarenga’s poetical works as a contextualized response to political and cultural issues of the moment. Therefore, I read this neoclassical poetry within historical events of the Portuguese empire and of the symbolic space created by poets, the Arcadia. The work is divided into three major blocks: 1) a review of the intellectual appropriation of neoclassical Early Modern poetry by nationalistic and subjective discourses throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; 2) a vocabulary of key concepts that have to be understood within the context of the eighteenth century; 3) the analysis of the poetry produced by Alcindo Palmireno, the pen name used by Silva Alvarenga. This reading illuminates cultural dynamics internal to the Portuguese empire that remain active today in social media. ii Dedication To Miguel Valerio The one single person who contributed the most, in all kinds of levels, for this work being done. My Dominican brother, the living proof of how improbable meetings happen and change multiple lives. iii Proeminal Poems I Toma o Fado um outro rumo; me consumo nesta lida: mudo a vida, aceito e saio... Em Ohio vou parar. Mesmo sendo um brasileiro peculiar... quem sabe “errado”... chego para um doutorado, sem dinheiro, a este lugar. Entro aos poucos no tamanho desafio desta terra: compreender o quanto encerra meu estranho e novo lar. Toma o Fado um outro rumo; me consumo nesta lida: mudo a vida, aceito e saio... Em Ohio vou parar. Muita gente no caminho que tomou a minha vida... Sou tão grato à acolhida de um carinho singular: Célia, John, Miguel, Victoria, Indra, Vero, Laura, Aintzane, são com Lore, Elena e Oihane, nova história familiar. Toma o Fado um outro rumo; me consumo nesta lida: mudo a vida, aceito e saio... Em Ohio vou parar. iv Lendo Alcindo Palmireno descortino todo um mundo nele invisto, alargo, afundo meu pequeno pesquisar. Mas chegada, enfim, é a hora de ir além do ameno prado: concluído o doutorado, tenho agora que avançar. Toma o Fado um outro rumo; me consumo nesta lida: mudo a vida, aceito e saio... Em Ohio vou parar. Novamente a roda gira. Outra volta da Fortuna. O horizonte faz-se bruma e me inspira outro buscar. O futuro quem conhece? Seu cordel, lento, infinito costurando vida e mito, Parca tece devagar. Toma o Fado um outro rumo; me consumo nesta lida: mudo a vida, aceito e saio... Em Ohio vou parar. II Oh bosque dos Pastores! Recebe minha humilde pouquidade Neste cenário em que cantou Alcindo E Anacreonte foi alçado ao Pindo. Persistes na contínua variedade Com que tantos autores Te foram com palavras construindo. Oh bosque dos Pastores! Real em tua verbal carnalidade, Agora entre os doutores Recebe minha humilde pouquidade. v Acknowledgements The theoretical framework of this dissertation is taken mostly from the philosophical work of Mikhail Bakhtin. From his point of view, language is never an abstract phenomenon, even though it is possible–and necessary–making abstractions to study it. Language happens within the interaction of individuals and social groups. That’s why I cannot honestly look at this PhD without acknowledging that it is the result of numerous encounters. “Life is the art of meeting, even though there is so much mismatch in life”, said the Brazilian poet Vinícius de Morais, and I can do subscribe to that. Moving from my home country, from the town I had lived in for my whole life, represented an unavoidable leap into meeting people, both at the professional level and the personal level. I am grateful for the whole staff of the Department of Spanish and Portuguese, who gave me support to navigate the strange world of Academia. Without the help of Rachel Sanabria, Adam Keller, Kristen Sullivan, and Savanah Carlson, I would not have been able to accomplish so much. The intellectual and personal exchanges with my professors is something I will cherish and take with me for ever. Taking classes with Laura Podalski, Ignacio Corona, Fernando Unzueta, Abril Trigo, and Rob Robison, was a privilege; and the corridor conversations with Rebecca Haidt, Ana del Sarto, Elizabeth Davis, Juan Ulises Zevallos, vi Rebeka Campos-Astorkiza, Paloma Martinez Cruz, Michelle Wiblesman, Holly Nibert, Maribel Corona, John Grinstad, Scott Schwenter, Richard Henricksen, Dave Mclaughlin, Megan Lobert, Alejandra Angulo, Patricia Stuessy, Stephanie Aubry, and so many others were an everyday joy. Not only within the Department of Spanish and Portuguese did I meet great people: Susan Hadley, David Hedgecock, Richard Fletcher, and Dorothy Noyes, are part of story. The guardian of books, Pamela Espinosa de los Monteros has a place here for more than one reason. The core of the Portuguese Faculty plays a special role in this history. Most of my classes, my intellectual interactions, and collaboration have been dominated by them: Lúcia Costigan, Pedro Pereira, Lisa Voigt, Isis Barra Costa and Jonathan Burgoyne are more than simply professors–they are spiritual partners. Thank you all! After years of feeling as a stranger in my home town, Columbus became a home, and its people became family. There are numerous members of the community that are now part of my life and, because of that, they helped me with feeling accepted and comfortable to pursuit my studies. Some among them have absolutely nothing to do with the academic environment. I owe a deep debt to Karen Wickliff, to the folks at Cup O Joe, PJ, Guilherme and Julia, Mabi, Kylie, Ally, my three Cajazeiras, Michal, Rachel, and Robin, Ana, Emily… a whole net of relationships that even when started at OSU, they extended far beyond it. International graduate students experience a life of displacement that opens them to the warmth and care of their peers. It is within the Department that I established the tightest bonds, where I found my second family, the one built not upon blood, but upon vii care and love instead. People from everywhere were kind enough to accept me in their lives. I am deeply thankful to La familia: Celia Martinez Saez, Aintzane Cabañes, Miguel Valerio, John Cruz, Victoria Marquez, Elena Jaime Jimenez, Oihane Muxica, Lorena Sainz-Maza, Laura Navarro-Morón, Alba Marcé, Madeline Stokwell, Indra Leyva, Vero Torres, Mariona Surribas, Ernest Carranza, Gabriel Mordoch, Patricia Arroyo-Calderón, Ashley Dauphinas, César Gemelli, Chealsea Pflum, Kendra Dickinson… And there are more, so many more… six years of bonds… Words are too limited to express what I feel for each one of them and how deeply they impacted my life. Thank you, thank you, thank you! There are also institutions that helped along my way. The Department of Spanish and Portuguese became a second home, and also provided the means for me to go through these years with some stability. The Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies proved to be a major intellectual partner. Thanks to FLAD (Luso-American Foundation for Development) and the Portuguese National Library, I had the chance to spend a whole month in Portuguese Libraries. Thompson Library is also an inexhaustible source of material without which I would not have been able to take this research so far. I have to acknowledge the intellectual impact of the CHAM (Overseas Historic Center) on the development of many of the analyses in these chapters. Since arriving in the United States, I have learned and used Spanish to such a point that sometimes, when in a Portuguese-speaking country, I missed speaking Spanish. That provided me a whole different level of appreciation for the world of Spanish speaking cultures, on both sides of the Atlantic, and reinforced my admiration for Ortega viii y Gasset, who was not too far from Mikhail Bakhtin when he synthetized his philosophy: “Yo soy yo y mi circunstancia”. In sum, I believe that here I am acknowledging the role of my circumstances, people, places, and institutions, for making me what I am and what my work has become. Thank you all! ix Vita 1995 B. A. In Literature and Linguistics, Campinas State Univertity (UNICAMP) 1995-2010 Teacher and supervisor of Literature, anglo/camponas 2009-2010 Specialization in Education Techniques, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic 2009-2013 Teacher of Philosophy at Colégio Progresso 2010-2013 M. A. Literary Theory and History, Campinas State University 2013 to now Graduate Teaching Assistant, Department of Spanish and Portuguese, The Ohio State University Publications Books Barbosa, Domingos Caldas. A Doença. Organização, apresentação e notas de Lúcia Helena Costigan e Fernando Morato. São Paulo: Editora 34, 2018 Obras poéticas de Silva Alvarenga. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2005 Articles “Mar Portuguez: O oceano Atlântico como palco para a dominação portuguesa das Américas” Estudos e Documentos CHAM (forthcoming) x “A nojenta prole da rainha Ginga, em parte aos homens semelhante: Bocage e a representação de negros e afro-descendentes no neoclassicismo português”. Revista Letras. 2018 n. 97 PP. 90-104 “Da potência do homem: o elogio poético de Tommaso Campanella”. Cadernos de Literatura em Tradução 2013 n. 13, PP. 11-21 “A ficção do cientista: a respeito da ‘Modesta Proposta’ de Swift”.