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Plant Community Composition and Structure Monitoring for Fort Laramie National Historic Site 2017 Data Report

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Plant Community Composition and Structure Monitoring for Fort Laramie National Historic Site 2017 Data Report National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Plant Community Composition and Structure Monitoring for Fort Laramie National Historic Site 2017 Data Report Natural Resource Data Series NPS/NGPN/NRDS—2017/1140 ON THE COVER Photograph of long-term monitoring plot FOLA_PCM_002 at Fort Laramie National Historic Site, 2017 Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service Plant Community Composition and Structure Monitoring for Fort Laramie National Historic Site 2017 Data Report Natural Resource Data Series NPS/NGPN/NRDS—2017/1140 Molly B. Davis1 1National Park Service Northern Great Plains Inventory & Monitoring Network 231 E. St. Joseph St. Rapid City, SD 57701 December 2017 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Data Series is intended for the timely release of basic data sets and data summaries. Care has been taken to assure accuracy of raw data values, but a thorough analysis and interpretation of the data has not been completed. Consequently, the initial analyses of data in this report are provisional and subject to change. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. Data in this report were collected and analyzed using methods based on established, peer-reviewed protocols and were analyzed and interpreted within the guidelines of the protocols. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. This report is available in digital format from the Northern Great Plains Inventory & Monitoring website, and the Natural Resource Publications Management website. To receive this report in a format that is optimized to be accessible using screen readers for the visually or cognitively impaired, please email [email protected]. Please cite this publication as: Davis, M. B. 2017. Plant community composition and structure monitoring for Fort Laramie National Historic Site: 2017 data report. Natural Resource Data Series NPS/NGPN/NRDS—2017/1140. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS 375/141458, December 2017 ii Contents Page Figures................................................................................................................................................... iv Tables .................................................................................................................................................... iv Abstract .................................................................................................................................................. v Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................. vi Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 2 Sample Design ................................................................................................................................ 2 Plot Layout and Sampling .............................................................................................................. 3 Data Management and Analysis ..................................................................................................... 5 Results .................................................................................................................................................... 7 Further Analysis ................................................................................................................................... 13 Literature Cited .................................................................................................................................... 13 iii Figures Page Figure 1. Map of Fort Laramie National Historic Site (FOLA) plant community monitoring plots visited in 2017 ............................................................................................................ 1 Figure 2. Long-term monitoring plot layout used for sampling vegetation at Fort Laramie National Historic Site. ............................................................................................................................ 4 Figure 3. The Northern Great Plains Inventory & Monitoring vegetation crew used point- intercept (left and center panel) and 1m2 quadrats (right panel) to document plant diversity and abundance. ........................................................................................................................ 4 Figure 4. Photograph of long-term monitoring plot FOLA_PCM_066 at Fort Laramie National Historic Site, 2017, showing substantial sand deposition and debris from flooding ................................................................................................................................................ 12 Tables Page Table 1. Field journal for Northern Great Plains Network plant community monitoring at Fort Laramie National Historic Site in 2017. ......................................................................................... 2 Table 2. Exotic species surveyed at Fort Laramie National Historic Site as part of the early detection and rapid response program within the Northern Great Plains Network. ..................... 5 Table 3. List of all plant species identified in FOLA long-term plant community monitoring plots in 2017. Species are grouped by plant family ............................................................ 7 Table 4. Total number of plant species identified in each of the six plots monitored at Fort Laramie National Historic Site in 2017 ........................................................................................ 10 Table 5. Absolute percent cover of native and exotic plant species in plots monitored at Fort Laramie National Historic Site in 2017 ........................................................................................ 10 Table 6. Density and number of trees and poles observed at two plots visited at Fort Laramie National Historic Site in 2017 ............................................................................................... 11 Table 7. Seedling density from two plots visited at Fort Laramie National Historic Site in 2017. Seedlings have a DBH < 2.54 cm. ............................................................................................. 11 Table 8. Surface fuels summary for two plots visited in 2017 at Fort Laramie National Historic Site. ........................................................................................................................................ 11 Table 9. Disturbance type and area observed in five plots visited at Fort Laramie National Historic Site in 2017 .............................................................................................................. 12 iv Abstract This report presents the results of vegetation monitoring in 2017 at Fort Laramie National Historic Site (FOLA) by the Northern Great Plains Inventory and Monitoring Network (NGPN). This was the seventh year of field work conducted by NGPN at FOLA. Crew members from NGPN visited six long-term monitoring plots to collect data on the plant communities at FOLA. This work is part of a long-term monitoring effort designed to provide a better understanding of the condition of the vegetation community at FOLA and how it changes over time. NGPN staff measured species richness, herb-layer height, native and non-native species abundance, ground cover, and site disturbance at each of the six plots. In plots where woody species were present, tree regeneration, tall shrub density, tree density, and woody fuel loads were also measured. Our 2017 findings can be summarized as follows: The NGPN monitoring crew identified 87 plant species in six monitoring plots, 26 of which were exotic species. Generally, the two riparian plots had more native species and were more diverse than the four upland plots. Seedlings and trees were present in the two riparian plots. The majority of tree regeneration observed was for eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides). The most commonly observed ground disturbances were the result of flooding in the riparian zone and animal use, which includes grazing. v Acknowledgments We thank all the authors of the NGPN Plant Community Monitoring Protocol, particularly A. Symstad, for outstanding guidance on data collection and reporting. Thank you to the staff at FOLA, particularly M. Evans, for help in the field. The 2017 NGPN vegetation field crew
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