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A Checklist of Names for 3,000 Vascular Plants of Economic Importance

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A Checklist of Names for 3,000 Vascular Plants of Economic Importance A Checklist of Names for 3,000 Vascular Plants of Economic Importance Í1 pa CO -< -^» United States PREPARED BY Agriculture (ÎCâdl) Department of Agricultural Handbook ^^^¡/ Agriculture Research Number 505 Service Reprinted by permission of Agricultural Research Service January 1986 A CHECKLIST OF NAMES FOR 3,000 VASCULAR PLANTS OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE By Edward E. Terrell Agriculture Handbook No. 505 Agricultural Research Service UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Washington, P.C. Issued May 1977 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank the following botanists for their suggestions on the nomenclature and taxonomy of certain plant groups: G. Buchheim, Hunt Botanical Library, Pittsburgh, Pa.: W. J. Dress and P. A. Hyppio, L. H. Bailey Hortorium, Ithaca, N.Y.; H. S. Gentry, Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, Ariz.; C. B. Heiser, Jr., Indiana university, Bloomington; C. F. Reed, Reed Herbarium, Baltimore, Md.; J. D. Sauer, University of California at Los Angeles; B. G. Schubert, Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.; E. S. Ayensu, F. R. Fosberg, D. B. Lellinger, D. H. Nicolson, R. W. Read, and D. C. Wasshausen, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.; and the following botanists in the U.S. Department of Agriculture: R. A. Darrow, Vegetation Control Division, Fort Detrick, Md.; P. A. Fryxell, Texas A. and M. University, College Station; E. L. Little, Jr., Forest Service, Washington, D.C.; T. R. Dudley and F. G. Meyer, U.S. National Arboretum, Washington, D.C.; and A. S. Barclay, Medicinal Plant Resources Laboratory, and J. A. Duke and C. R. Gunn, Plant Taxonomy Laboratory, Plant Genetics and Germplasm Institute, Beltsville, Md. The technical assistance of Delia Barnes and Janet Kluve, University of California at Davis, is also appreciated. CONTENTS Page Common names 1 Family names * 2 Abbreviations for authors 2 Symbols and abbreviations 3 Part I. Scientific and common names 3 Part II. Common and scientific names 126 Literature cited 189 Appendix 196 11 A CHECKLIST OF NAMES FOR 3,000 VASCULAR PLANTS OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE By Edward E. Terrell!/ This checklist provides up-to-date scientific names for over 3,000 taxa of economically important vascular plants. Included also are approximately 700 synonyms. Common names are given for most of the taxa. The checklist is arranged alphabetically by scientific name (part I) and by common name (part II). Scientific names follow the regulations in the "International Code of Botanical Nomenclature'' (Stafleu et al. Veil) M The precursor of this checklist was a list of 1,000 world crop species (Duke and Terrell 1974). To these have been added many other species mentioned in various publications on economic plants and weeds. The present list includes many major and minor crop plants grown anywhere in the world for food, fiber, or medicine, many common weeds, and other miscellaneous species, especially those used for timber or ornament. The word "economic" refers here to plants of negative as well as of positive value and thus includes weeds. Many authoritative floras, monographs, and other references were consulted to determine correct scientific names. Although many of the references cited here are floras and other secondary sources, they indicate which taxonomic opinion was followed or point the way to primary sources. Some unsubstantiated name changes were not included pending future confirmations. For brevity, the authors of individual parts of "Flora Europaea" and other large floras usually are not given. Specialists were consulted for certain genera, as noted in the acknowledgments. Scientific and common names of American trees generally follow Little (1953). Other especially helpful nonfloristic, nonrevisionary works included Mansfeld (1959), Encke and Buchheim (1972), and, for economic data, Purseglove (1968, 1972). "Hortus Third" was published by the L. H. Bailey Hortorium staff in December 1976 when this checklist was nearly ready for publication. It provided additional changes in scientific names, although I did not follow it if other authoritative data disagreed with any particular change. CaWON NAMES There are no official regulations for the choice and spelling of common names, and this publication purposely avoids any attempt to standardize ccxnmon i/Plant Taxonomy Laboratory, Plant Genetics and Germplasm Institute, Northeastern Region, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Md. 2/The year after the authors* names refers to Literature Cited, p. 189. names. Sometimes a particular common name has been used for more than one taxon. When two or more common names are listed for one taxon, the order in which they appear does not imply an order of preference. Although names were obtained from a great variety of sources, many of the weed names were taken from the "Composite List of Weeds" (Weed Science Society of America 1971). In selecting spellings and hyphenizations, the suggestions of Little (1953), Rickett (1965), Hamilton (1969), and Wyman (1974) provided some guidance. Misapplied or fanciful names are hyphened, e.g., Jerusalem-cherry, ram's-horn. Names are frequently compounded, e.g., orchardgrass; however, v4ien long or awkward conpounds result, hyphens are inserted, e.g., morning-glory, brown-eyed-susan. The names mustard, cress, and rocket refer here to any member of the Brassicaceae, and bean and pea to any Fabaceae, not just to certain genera. The names ivy and jute do not refer to any particular plant family. FAMILY NAMES The choice of family names follows traditional lines, as in "Gray's Manual" (Femald 1950) and "Zander" (Encke and Buchheim 1972). For uniformity and in accordance with some recent taxonomic practice, alternative family names with "--aceae" endings were adopted for eight families; however, the older family names are still valid and may be used if desired (Article 18, note 3, Stafleu et al. 1972). The alternative family names are Apiaceae for Umbelliferae, Arecaceae for Palmae, Asteraceae for Conpositae, Brassicaceae for Cruciferae, Clusiaceae for Guttiferae, Fabaceae for Leguminosae, Lamiaceae for Labiatae, and Poaceae for Gramineae. ABBREVIATIONS FOR AUTHORS Names of authors (authorities or describers of species and other taxa) are abbreviated, following usual practice. There are no regulated or internationally uniform abbreviations; however, many of these abbreviations are fairly well standardized. Some names have two or three accepted abbreviations, e.g., Beauv., P. Beauv., or P. B. for A. M. F. J. Palisot de Beauvois. The abbreviations in this checklist are not necessarily used internationally and those in modem publications differ from one publication to another. Authors' names, dates, and abbreviations are listed in several publications, including Bailey (1949), Femald (1950), Munz and Keck Í1968). and Encke and Buchheim (1972). v ^, When certain scientific names have "ex" connecting two authors' names, the first author proposed the name but did not publish it; later another person published the same name and usually cited the first author. Recommendation 46C (Stafleu et al. 1972) allows optional omission of the name of the proposing author. In the present checklist, both authors' names are given for the sake of completeness, except Oryzopsis miliacea (see appendix). However, users of this checklist may wish to anit the proposing author's name and thus shorten and simplify the scientific name, e.g., Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex H.B.K.) Lag. ex Griffiths becomes Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Griffiths. SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS precedes correct name but does not necessarily imply nomenclatural equality ( ) encloses species names in part I to denote synonyms auct. author(s) auct. non L, in the sense o£ other authors besides Linnaeus Br. British commun. oral or written communication (see appendix) cv. cultivar f. forma in part in part I indicates common names used for more than one species; following scientific names, indicates that original description applied only partly to the taxon incl. including [NC] scientific name is controversial nom. ambig. ambiguous or confused name sens. auct. in the sense of various authors sens. lat. in the broad sense spp. species (plural) subsp. subspecies (singular) syn. synonym [TN] see Taxonomic and Nomenclatural Notes (appendix) var. variety X hybrid or hybrid binomial PART I. SCIENTIFIC AND CCMMON NAMES Abelmoschus (Malvaceae) [TN] esculentus (L.) Moench--okra manihot (L*) Medik. moschatus Medik.--ambrette Aberia (Flacourtiaceae) (gardneri Clos) = Dovyalis hebecarpa Abies (Pinaceae) [TN] alba Mill.--silver fir balsamea (L.) Mill.--balsam fir concolor (Gord. § Glend.) Lindl. ex HiIdebr.--white fir grandis (Dougl. ex D. Don) Lindl.--grand fir, lowland white f. lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.--subalpine fir, alpine f. magnifica A. Murr.--California red fir procera Rehd.--noble fir Abrus (Fabaceae) precatorius L.--precatory bean, jequirity b., rosary pea, crab's-eyes Abutilón (Malvaceae) (avicennae Gaertn.) A. theophrasti Abutilón (continued) theophrasti Medik.--velvetleaf, China jute, butterprint Acacia (Fabaceae) [TN] albida Del.--apple-ring acacia (arabica (Lam.) Willd.) = A. nilotica auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. baileyana F. v. Muell.--Cootamundra wattle berlandieri Benth.--guajillo catechu (L. £.) Willd.--black cutch, catechu dealbata Link--silver wattle decurrens (Wendl.) Willd.-green wattle-[TN] (decurrens (Wendl.) Willd. var. mollis Lindl.) = A. meamsii famesiana (L.) Willd.--huisache, sweet acacia, cassie greggii A. Gray--catclaw acacia, catclaw meamsii De Wild.--black wattle--[TN] melanoxylon R.
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