Leaf Epidermal Studies of Three Species of Acalypha Linn
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CHAPTER 2 REVIEW of the LITERATURE 2.1 Taxa And
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 2.1 Taxa and Classification of Acalypha indica Linn., Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss. and Cleidion javanicum BL. 2.11 Taxa and Classification of Acalypha indica Linn. Kingdom : Plantae Division : Magnoliophyta Class : Magnoliopsida Order : Euphorbiales Family : Euphorbiaceae Subfamily : Acalyphoideae Genus : Acalypha Species : Acalypha indica Linn. (Saha and Ahmed, 2011) Plant Synonyms: Acalypha ciliata Wall., A. canescens Wall., A. spicata Forsk. (35) Common names: Brennkraut (German), alcalifa (Brazil) and Ricinela (Spanish) (36). 9 2.12 Taxa and Classification of Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss. Kingdom : Plantae Division : Magnoliophyta Class : Magnoliopsida Order : Malpighiales Family : Euphorbiaceae Genus : Bridelia Species : Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss. Plant Synonyms: Bridelia airy-shawii Li. Common names: Ekdania (37,38). 2.13 Taxa and Classification of Cleidion javanicum BL. Kingdom : Plantae Subkingdom : Tracheobionta Superdivision : Spermatophyta Division : Magnoliophyta Class : Magnoliopsida Subclass : Magnoliopsida Order : Malpighiales Family : Euphorbiaceae Genus : Cleidion Species : Cleidion javanicum BL. Plant Synonyms: Acalypha spiciflora Burm. f. , Lasiostylis salicifolia Presl. Cleidion spiciflorum (Burm.f.) Merr. Common names: Malayalam and Yellari (39). 10 2.2 Review of chemical composition and bioactivities of Acalypha indica Linn., Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss. and Cleidion javanicum BL. 2.2.1 Review of chemical composition and bioactivities of Acalypha indica Linn. Acalypha indica -
Entry for ACALYPHA Acrogyna Pax [Family EUPHORBIACEAE]
Entry for ACALYPHA acrogyna Pax [family EUPHORBIACEAE] http://plants.jstor.org/flora/flota011327 http://www.jstor.org Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the contributing partner regarding any further use of this work. Partner contact information may be obtained at http://plants.jstor.org/page/about/plants/PlantsProject.jsp. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Page 1 of 2 Entry for ACALYPHA acrogyna Pax [family EUPHORBIACEAE] Herbarium Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K) Collection Flora of Tropical Africa Resource Type Reference Sources Entry from Flora of Tropical Africa, Vol 6 Part 1, page 441 (1913) Author: (By J. G. Baker, with additions by C. H. Wright.) Names ACALYPHA acrogyna Pax [family EUPHORBIACEAE], in Engl. Jahrb. -
Species List (PDF)
code gen spec genus species family growth formlife form origin photo 1 pascop smith pascopyrumsmithii poaceae p g n c3 2 androp gerar andropogongerardii poaceae p g n c4 3 schiza scopa schizachyriumscoparium poaceae p g n c4 4 boutel curti bouteloua curtipendulapoaceae p g n c4 5 boutel graci bouteloua gracilis poaceae p g n c4 6 boutel hirsu bouteloua hirsuta poaceae p g n c4 7 boutel dacty bouteloua dactyloidespoaceae p g n c4 8 chlori verti chloris verticillata poaceae p g n c4 9 elymus canad elymus canadensispoaceae p g n c3 10 elymus virgi elymus virginicus poaceae p g n c3 11 eragro spect eragrostis spectabilis poaceae p g n c4 12 koeler macra koeleria macrantha poaceae p g n c3 13 muhlen cuspi muhlenbergiacuspidata poaceae p g n c4 14 dichan oligo dichantheliumoligosanthespoaceae p g n c3 15 panicu virga panicum virgatum poaceae p g n c4 16 dichan ovale dichantheliumovale poaceae p g n c3 17 poa prate poa pratensis poaceae p g i c3 18 sorgha nutan sorghastrumnutans poaceae p g n c4 19 sparti pecti spartina pectinata poaceae p g n c4 20 spheno obtus sphenopholisobtusata poaceae p g n c3 21 sporob compo sporoboluscomposituspoaceae p g n c4 22 sporob crypt sporoboluscryptandruspoaceae p g n c4 23 sporob heter sporobolusheterolepispoaceae p g n c4 24 aristi oliga aristida oligantha poaceae a g n c4 25 bromus arven bromus arvensis poaceae a g i c3 26 bromus tecto bromus tectorum poaceae a g i c3 27 vulpia octof vulpia octoflora poaceae a g n c3 28 hordeu pusil hordeum pusillum poaceae a g n c3 29 panicu capil panicum capillare poaceae a g n c4 30 schedo panic schedonnarduspaniculatuspoaceae p g n c4 31 carex brevi carex brevior cyperaceaep s n . -
ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS of the GUIANAS: an Historical Perspective of Selected Garden Plants from Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana
f ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS OF THE GUIANAS: An Historical Perspective of Selected Garden Plants from Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana Vf•-L - - •• -> 3H. .. h’ - — - ' - - V ' " " - 1« 7-. .. -JZ = IS^ X : TST~ .isf *“**2-rt * * , ' . / * 1 f f r m f l r l. Robert A. DeFilipps D e p a r t m e n t o f B o t a n y Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. \ 1 9 9 2 ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS OF THE GUIANAS Table of Contents I. Map of the Guianas II. Introduction 1 III. Basic Bibliography 14 IV. Acknowledgements 17 V. Maps of Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana VI. Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas Gymnosperms 19 Dicotyledons 24 Monocotyledons 205 VII. Title Page, Maps and Plates Credits 319 VIII. Illustration Credits 321 IX. Common Names Index 345 X. Scientific Names Index 353 XI. Endpiece ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS OF THE GUIANAS Introduction I. Historical Setting of the Guianan Plant Heritage The Guianas are embedded high in the green shoulder of northern South America, an area once known as the "Wild Coast". They are the only non-Latin American countries in South America, and are situated just north of the Equator in a configuration with the Amazon River of Brazil to the south and the Orinoco River of Venezuela to the west. The three Guianas comprise, from west to east, the countries of Guyana (area: 83,000 square miles; capital: Georgetown), Surinam (area: 63, 037 square miles; capital: Paramaribo) and French Guiana (area: 34, 740 square miles; capital: Cayenne). Perhaps the earliest physical contact between Europeans and the present-day Guianas occurred in 1500 when the Spanish navigator Vincente Yanez Pinzon, after discovering the Amazon River, sailed northwest and entered the Oyapock River, which is now the eastern boundary of French Guiana. -
Revision of the Genus Cleidion (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia
BLUMEA 50: 197–219 Published on 22 April 2005 http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651905X623373 REVISION OF THE GENUS CLEIDION (EUPHORBIACEAE) IN MALESIA KRISTO K.M. KULJU & PETER C. VAN WELZEN Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Universiteit Leiden branch, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] SUMMARY A revision of the Malesian species in the genus Cleidion is presented. Cleidion javanicum is shown to be the correct name for the widespread type species (instead of the name C. spiciflorum). A new species, C. luziae, resembling C. javanicum, is described from the Moluccas, New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. In addition, C. salomonis is synonymised with C. papuanum and C. lanceolatum is treated as a variety of C. ramosii. In total 7 Malesian Cleidion species are recognized. Cleidion megistophyllum from the Philippines cannot reliably be confirmed to belong to the genus due to lack of information and specimens and is treated as a doubtful species. Key words: Cleidion, Acalypheae, Cleidiinae, revision, taxonomy, Malesia. INTRODUCTION Cleidion is a pantropical genus belonging to the large angiosperm family Euphorbiaceae s.s. It was described by Blume (1825), who included a single species C. javanicum1. The first revision was made by Müller Argoviensis (1865, 1866). His work was fol- lowed by the comprehensive treatment of Pax & Hoffmann (1914), which included 17 species. Pax & Hoffmann excluded the section Discocleidion Müll.Arg. which differs from Cleidion by the presence of a staminate and pistillate disc (in Cleidion a disc is absent), stipellate and palmatinerved leaves (in Cleidion the leaves are non-stipellate and pinnatinerved), and differences in anther type. -
Beneficial Native Plants
Partridge Pea Goldenrods Beneficial Chamaechrista fasiculata Solidage spp. An excellent soil builder, that MOTH HOST PLANT establishes rapidly and pro- Goldenrods are Native Plants vides erosion control and attractive sources of nitrogen fixation for slower nectar for bees, flies, ...Or is that weed something I should pull out? growing perennial forbs. The wasps, moths and While many gardeners know there are inva- showy flowers are pollinated butterflies. sive, exotic (non-native) weeds they should be primarily by bumble bees Goldenrods have a while short-tongued bees, number of species, diligent about removing from the landscape, predatory wasps, hover flies and tachinid flies suck some of which not all “weeds” are a problem. Here is a list of Happy Wildlife nectar from glands on the leaf petioles. are a reasonable garden size and not aggressive some “good weeds” to leave in the wilder Gardening! Blooms July to September. in their spreading. Goldenrod does NOT have spaces of your gardens – and save time weed- wind- born pollen. Giant ragweed is what triggers ing! Common Black sneezing at the time they bloom. Blooms Snakeroot September to October. …Why? As we have discov- Sanicula odorata Need more information? Asters ered with milkweed, these Attracts small bees. Symphyotricum native plants can be critical Seeds are spread by Here are some places to look: spp. for our wildlife. Native bees mammals. Blooms May http://dda.delaware.gov/plantind/forms/publications BUTTERFLY HOST and butterflies are in decline to July. /Delaware%20Native%20Plants%20for%20Native%2 PLANT as we lose native plants every 0Bees.pdf Many different day to development, mani- Beggar Tick or Devil’s http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/woodland/plants species, that can cured gardens and roadsides, beggar Tick establish rapidly Hairy Heath Aster as well as competition from http://www.wildflower.org/plants Bidens frondosa on disturbed sites Symphyotricum pilosum invasive plants. -
Atoll Research Bulletin No. 503 the Vascular Plants Of
ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 503 THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF MAJURO ATOLL, REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS BY NANCY VANDER VELDE ISSUED BY NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S.A. AUGUST 2003 Uliga Figure 1. Majuro Atoll THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF MAJURO ATOLL, REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS ABSTRACT Majuro Atoll has been a center of activity for the Marshall Islands since 1944 and is now the major population center and port of entry for the country. Previous to the accompanying study, no thorough documentation has been made of the vascular plants of Majuro Atoll. There were only reports that were either part of much larger discussions on the entire Micronesian region or the Marshall Islands as a whole, and were of a very limited scope. Previous reports by Fosberg, Sachet & Oliver (1979, 1982, 1987) presented only 115 vascular plants on Majuro Atoll. In this study, 563 vascular plants have been recorded on Majuro. INTRODUCTION The accompanying report presents a complete flora of Majuro Atoll, which has never been done before. It includes a listing of all species, notation as to origin (i.e. indigenous, aboriginal introduction, recent introduction), as well as the original range of each. The major synonyms are also listed. For almost all, English common names are presented. Marshallese names are given, where these were found, and spelled according to the current spelling system, aside from limitations in diacritic markings. A brief notation of location is given for many of the species. The entire list of 563 plants is provided to give the people a means of gaining a better understanding of the nature of the plants of Majuro Atoll. -
Woody Plant Species Used in Urban Forestry in West Africa: Case Study in Lomé, Capital Town of Togo
Journal of Horticulture and Forestry Vol. 3(1) pp. 21-31, January 2011 Available online http://www.academicjournals.org/jhf ISSN 2006-9782 ©2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Woody plant species used in urban forestry in West Africa: Case study in Lomé, capital town of Togo Radji Raoufou*, Kokou Kouami and Akpagana Koffi Laboratory of Plant Biology and Ecology, BP 1515 Lomé - Togo. Accepted 23 November, 2010 Many studies have been conducted on the flora of Togo. However, none of them is devoted to the ornamental flora horticulture. This survey aims to establish an inventory of the woody plant species in urban forests of Lomé, the capital town of Togo. It covers the trees planted along the avenues, in the gardens, courtyards, shady trees and trees used as fences for houses or trees at the seaside. In total, 297 plant species belong to 141 genera and 48 families were recorded. They are dominated by 79% of dicotyledonous, 13% of monocotyledonous and 8% of gymnosperms. Families that are best represented in terms of species are those of the Euphorbiaceae, Arecaceae and Acanthaceae. Alien species represent 69% and African species represent 31% out of which 6% are from Togo. According to the current threatening of the natural habitat by human activities, African native plant species could be more useful for ornamental purposes than exotic plants. Key words: Ornamental horticulture, plant flora, green areas, valorisation, native flora. INTRODUCTION Urban forestry refers to trees and forests located in cities, landscape covered with trees for the physical and mental including ornamental and grown trees, street and health has been documented (Ulrich, 1984). -
Chapter 6 ENUMERATION
Chapter 6 ENUMERATION . ENUMERATION The spermatophytic plants with their accepted names as per The Plant List [http://www.theplantlist.org/ ], through proper taxonomic treatments of recorded species and infra-specific taxa, collected from Gorumara National Park has been arranged in compliance with the presently accepted APG-III (Chase & Reveal, 2009) system of classification. Further, for better convenience the presentation of each species in the enumeration the genera and species under the families are arranged in alphabetical order. In case of Gymnosperms, four families with their genera and species also arranged in alphabetical order. The following sequence of enumeration is taken into consideration while enumerating each identified plants. (a) Accepted name, (b) Basionym if any, (c) Synonyms if any, (d) Homonym if any, (e) Vernacular name if any, (f) Description, (g) Flowering and fruiting periods, (h) Specimen cited, (i) Local distribution, and (j) General distribution. Each individual taxon is being treated here with the protologue at first along with the author citation and then referring the available important references for overall and/or adjacent floras and taxonomic treatments. Mentioned below is the list of important books, selected scientific journals, papers, newsletters and periodicals those have been referred during the citation of references. Chronicles of literature of reference: Names of the important books referred: Beng. Pl. : Bengal Plants En. Fl .Pl. Nepal : An Enumeration of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Fasc.Fl.India : Fascicles of Flora of India Fl.Brit.India : The Flora of British India Fl.Bhutan : Flora of Bhutan Fl.E.Him. : Flora of Eastern Himalaya Fl.India : Flora of India Fl Indi. -
Mustafa Din, Wardah (2014) a Phytochemical and Pharmacological Study of Acalypha Wilkesiana Var
Mustafa Din, Wardah (2014) A phytochemical and pharmacological study of acalypha wilkesiana var. macafeana hort. (euphorbiaceae juss.): antioxidant and antibacterial analyses. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham. Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14069/1/THESIS_PhD_WMD.pdf Copyright and reuse: The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. · Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. · To the extent reasonable and practicable the material made available in Nottingham ePrints has been checked for eligibility before being made available. · Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not- for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. · Quotations or similar reproductions must be sufficiently acknowledged. Please see our full end user licence at: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/end_user_agreement.pdf A note on versions: The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher’s version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. For more information, please contact [email protected] A PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY OF Acalypha wilkesiana var. -
Revision and Phylogeny of <I>Acalypha</I
Blumea 55, 2010: 21–60 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE doi:10.3767/000651910X499141 Revision and phylogeny of Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia V.G. Sagun1,2, G.A. Levin2, P.C. van Welzen3 Key words Abstract Twenty-eight species of Acalypha are recognized in Malesia. Acalypha paniculata is the sole member of subgenus Linostachys in Malesia and the rest of the species belong to subgenus Acalypha. Four previously Acalypha synonymized species are resurrected as distinct species, namely A. angatensis, A. cardiophylla var. cardiophylla, Euphorbiaceae A. grandis, and A. wilkesiana. Four species names are newly reduced to synonymy. The molecular phylogenetic Malesia analyses indicate that Acalypha is monophyletic, as is the subgenus Acalypha. The early-diverging lineages in the phylogeny genus, and its closest outgroup, consist of African species. The Malesian species do not form a monophyletic group although the molecular data strongly support two small clades within the region that are morphologically homogene- ous. The classification system that Pax and Hoffmann applied to subgenus Acalypha, which is based primarily on inflorescence morphology, appears to be unsatisfactory and incongruent with the phylogenetic analyses. Published on 16 April 2010 INTRODUCTION Molecular systematics confirms the placement of Acalypha in Acalyphoideae s.s. and shows a close relationship between Acalypha L. is the third largest genus in the Euphorbiaceae Acalypha and Mareya Baill. (Wurdack et al. 2005, Tokuoka s.s. after Euphorbia L., and Croton L., having about 450 spe- 2007). Their relationship is supported by similar morphologi- cies worldwide (Webster 1994, Radcliffe-Smith 2001). In the cal characteristics, including laciniate styles, pendulous anther Malesian region, 28 species of Acalypha are recognized herein. -
Taxonomy and Systematic Botany Chapter 5
Downloaded from https:// www.studiestoday.com Chapter Taxonomy and 5 Systematic Botany Plants are the prime companions of Learning Objectives human beings in this universe. Plants The learner will be able to, are the source of food, energy, shelter, clothing, drugs, beverages, oxygen and • Differentiate systematic botany from taxonomy. the aesthetic environment. Taxonomic • Explain the ICN principles and to activity of human is not restricted to discuss the codes of nomenclature. living organisms alone. Human beings • Compare the national and learn to identify, describe, name and international herbaria. classify food, clothes, books, games, • Appreciate the role of morphology, vehicles and other objects that they come anatomy, cytology, DNA sequencing across in their life. Every human being in relation to Taxonomy, thus is a taxonomist from the cradle to • Describe diagnostic features of the grave. families Fabaceae, Apocynaceae, Taxonomy has witnessed various Solanaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Musaceae phases in its early history to the present day and Liliaceae. modernization. The need for knowledge Chapter Outline on plants had been realized since human existence, a man started utilizing plants 5.1 Taxonomy and Systematics for food, shelter and as curative agent for 5.2 Taxonomic Hierarchy ailments. 5.3 Concept of species – Morphological, Biological and Phylogenetic Theophrastus (372 – 287 BC), the 5.4 International Code of Greek Philosopher known as “Father of Botanical Nomenclature Botany”. He named and described some 500 5.5 Type concept plants in his “De Historia Plantarum”. Later 5.6 Taxonomic Aids Dioscorides (62 – 127 AD), Greek physician, 5.7 Botanicalhttps://www.studiestoday.com Gardens described and illustrated in his famous 5.8 Herbarium – Preparation and uses “Materia medica” and described about 600 5.9 Classification of Plants medicinal plants.