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CHAPTER 2 REVIEW of the LITERATURE 2.1 Taxa And
CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 2.1 Taxa and Classification of Acalypha indica Linn., Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss. and Cleidion javanicum BL. 2.11 Taxa and Classification of Acalypha indica Linn. Kingdom : Plantae Division : Magnoliophyta Class : Magnoliopsida Order : Euphorbiales Family : Euphorbiaceae Subfamily : Acalyphoideae Genus : Acalypha Species : Acalypha indica Linn. (Saha and Ahmed, 2011) Plant Synonyms: Acalypha ciliata Wall., A. canescens Wall., A. spicata Forsk. (35) Common names: Brennkraut (German), alcalifa (Brazil) and Ricinela (Spanish) (36). 9 2.12 Taxa and Classification of Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss. Kingdom : Plantae Division : Magnoliophyta Class : Magnoliopsida Order : Malpighiales Family : Euphorbiaceae Genus : Bridelia Species : Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss. Plant Synonyms: Bridelia airy-shawii Li. Common names: Ekdania (37,38). 2.13 Taxa and Classification of Cleidion javanicum BL. Kingdom : Plantae Subkingdom : Tracheobionta Superdivision : Spermatophyta Division : Magnoliophyta Class : Magnoliopsida Subclass : Magnoliopsida Order : Malpighiales Family : Euphorbiaceae Genus : Cleidion Species : Cleidion javanicum BL. Plant Synonyms: Acalypha spiciflora Burm. f. , Lasiostylis salicifolia Presl. Cleidion spiciflorum (Burm.f.) Merr. Common names: Malayalam and Yellari (39). 10 2.2 Review of chemical composition and bioactivities of Acalypha indica Linn., Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss. and Cleidion javanicum BL. 2.2.1 Review of chemical composition and bioactivities of Acalypha indica Linn. Acalypha indica -
Draft Plant Propagation Protocol
Plant Propagation Protocol for Carex inops ESRM 412 – Native Plant Production TAXONOMY Family Names Family Scientific Name: Cyperaceae Family Common Name: Sedge Scientific Names Genus: Carex Species: inops Species Authority: L. H. Bailey Variety: Sub-species: Cultivar: Authority for Variety/Sub-species: Common Synonym(s) (include full CAINI3 Carex inops L.H. Bailey ssp inops scientific names (e.g., Elymus CAINH2 Carex inops ssp heliophila (Mack.) Crins glaucus Buckley), including variety Synonyms for ssp heliophila or subspecies information) CAER5 Carex erxlebeniana L. Kelso CAHE5 Carex heliophila Mack. CAPEH Carex pensylvanica Lam. ssp. Heliophila (Mack.) W.A. Weber CAPED Carex pensylvanica Lam. var. digyna Boeckeler Common Name(s): long-stolon sedge or sun sedge (ssp heliophila) Species Code (as per USDA Plants CAIN9 database): GENERAL INFORMATION Geographical range (distribution maps for North America and Washington state) http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CAIN9 http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CAIN9 Ecological distribution (ecosystems it Found in shortgrass, mixed, and tallgrass prairies, as occurs in, etc): well as Ponderosa pine communities and other woodlands (Fryer 2009) Climate and elevation range Dry to seasonally wet climates. Occasionally found at elevations > 5000 ft.(Fryer 2009) Local habitat and abundance; may May dominate to co-dominate in some systems. High include commonly associated prevelance and persistance even in systems where it is species not the dominant species. (Fryer 2009) Plant strategy -
Ecological Site Description Section L: Ecological Site Characteristics Ecological Site Identification and Concept
ESD Printable Report Page 1 of 56 United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service Ecological Site Description Section l: Ecological Site Characteristics Ecological Site Identification and Concept Site stage: Provisional Provisional: an ESD at the provisional status represents the lowest tier of documentation that is releasable to the public. It contains a grouping of soil units that respond similarly to ecological processes. The ESD contains 1) enough information to distinguish it from similar and associated ecological sites and 2) a draft state and transition model capturing the ecological processes and vegetative states and community phases as they are currently conceptualized. The provisional ESD has undergone both quality control and quality assurance protocols. It is expected that the provisional ESD will continue refinement towards an approved status. Site name: Clayey / Pascopyrum smithii - Nassella viridula ( / western wheatgrass - green needlegrass) Site type: Rangeland Site ID: R058DY011SD Major land resource area (MLRA): 058D-Northern Rolling High Plains, Eastern Part https://esis.sc.egov.usda.gov/ESDReport/fsReportPrt.aspx?id=R058DY011SD&rptLevel=... 5/27/2016 ESD Printable Report Page 2 of 56 Physiographic Features This site occurs on nearly level to moderately steep uplands. Landform: (1) Terrace (2) Hill (3) Plain Minimum Maximum Elevation (feet): 2300 4000 Slope (percent): 0 6 Water table depth (inches): 80 80 Flooding Frequency: None None Ponding Frequency: None None Runoff class: High Very high Aspect: No Influence on this site Climatic Features https://esis.sc.egov.usda.gov/ESDReport/fsReportPrt.aspx?id=R058DY011SD&rptLevel=... 5/27/2016 ESD Printable Report Page 3 of 56 The climate in this MLRA is typical of the drier portions of the Northern Great Plains where sagebrush steppes to the west yield to grassland to the east. -
Entry for ACALYPHA Acrogyna Pax [Family EUPHORBIACEAE]
Entry for ACALYPHA acrogyna Pax [family EUPHORBIACEAE] http://plants.jstor.org/flora/flota011327 http://www.jstor.org Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the contributing partner regarding any further use of this work. Partner contact information may be obtained at http://plants.jstor.org/page/about/plants/PlantsProject.jsp. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Page 1 of 2 Entry for ACALYPHA acrogyna Pax [family EUPHORBIACEAE] Herbarium Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K) Collection Flora of Tropical Africa Resource Type Reference Sources Entry from Flora of Tropical Africa, Vol 6 Part 1, page 441 (1913) Author: (By J. G. Baker, with additions by C. H. Wright.) Names ACALYPHA acrogyna Pax [family EUPHORBIACEAE], in Engl. Jahrb. -
Leaf Epidermal Studies of Three Species of Acalypha Linn
Available online a t www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Pelagia Research Library Advances in Applied Science Research, 2012, 3 (5):3185-3199 ISSN: 0976-8610 CODEN (USA): AASRFC Leaf epidermal studies of three species of Acalypha Linn. (Euphorbiaceae) 1* Essiett Uduak Aniesua and 1Etukudo Inyene Silas Department of Botany and Ecological Studies, University of Uyo, Uyo _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Leaf epidermal studies of three species of Acalypha are described. The mature stomata were laterocytic, staurocytic, anisocytic, paracytic and diacytic. The abnormalities noticed include unopen stomatal pore, two stomata sharing one subsidiary cell, one guard cell, parallel contiguous and aborted guard cell. A. godseffiana can be distinguished by parallel contiguous on both surfaces. Curved uniseriate non-glandular trichomes were restricted to A. wilkesiana. Two stomata sharing one subsidiary cell occurred only on the lower surface of A. hispida. The shapes of epidermal anticlinal cell walls, guard cell areas, stomata index and trichomes varied. The differences are of taxonomic importance and can be used to identify and delimit each species by supporting other systematic lines of evidence. Keywords: Acalypha species, Epidermal, Stomata, Nigeria, Euphorbiaceae. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family of the flowering plants with 500 genera and around 7,500 species. Most are herbs, -
Pima County Plant List (2020) Common Name Exotic? Source
Pima County Plant List (2020) Common Name Exotic? Source McLaughlin, S. (1992); Van Abies concolor var. concolor White fir Devender, T. R. (2005) McLaughlin, S. (1992); Van Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonica Corkbark fir Devender, T. R. (2005) Abronia villosa Hariy sand verbena McLaughlin, S. (1992) McLaughlin, S. (1992); Van Abutilon abutiloides Shrubby Indian mallow Devender, T. R. (2005) Abutilon berlandieri Berlandier Indian mallow McLaughlin, S. (1992) Abutilon incanum Indian mallow McLaughlin, S. (1992) McLaughlin, S. (1992); Van Abutilon malacum Yellow Indian mallow Devender, T. R. (2005) Abutilon mollicomum Sonoran Indian mallow McLaughlin, S. (1992) Abutilon palmeri Palmer Indian mallow McLaughlin, S. (1992) Abutilon parishii Pima Indian mallow McLaughlin, S. (1992) McLaughlin, S. (1992); UA Abutilon parvulum Dwarf Indian mallow Herbarium; ASU Vascular Plant Herbarium Abutilon pringlei McLaughlin, S. (1992) McLaughlin, S. (1992); UA Abutilon reventum Yellow flower Indian mallow Herbarium; ASU Vascular Plant Herbarium McLaughlin, S. (1992); Van Acacia angustissima Whiteball acacia Devender, T. R. (2005); DBGH McLaughlin, S. (1992); Van Acacia constricta Whitethorn acacia Devender, T. R. (2005) McLaughlin, S. (1992); Van Acacia greggii Catclaw acacia Devender, T. R. (2005) Acacia millefolia Santa Rita acacia McLaughlin, S. (1992) McLaughlin, S. (1992); Van Acacia neovernicosa Chihuahuan whitethorn acacia Devender, T. R. (2005) McLaughlin, S. (1992); UA Acalypha lindheimeri Shrubby copperleaf Herbarium Acalypha neomexicana New Mexico copperleaf McLaughlin, S. (1992); DBGH Acalypha ostryaefolia McLaughlin, S. (1992) Acalypha pringlei McLaughlin, S. (1992) Acamptopappus McLaughlin, S. (1992); UA Rayless goldenhead sphaerocephalus Herbarium Acer glabrum Douglas maple McLaughlin, S. (1992); DBGH Acer grandidentatum Sugar maple McLaughlin, S. (1992); DBGH Acer negundo Ashleaf maple McLaughlin, S. -
Pflanzen Mit Invasivem Potenzial in Botanischen Gärten VII: Euphorbia Maculata Und Euphorbia Humifusa (Euphorbiaceae)
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Carinthia II Jahr/Year: 2014 Band/Volume: 204_124 Autor(en)/Author(s): Schlatti Felix Artikel/Article: Pflanzen mit invasivem Potenzial in Botanischen Gärten VII: Euphorbia maculata und Euphorbia humifusa (Euphorbiaceae). 205-216 ©Naturwissenschaftlicher Verein für Kärnten, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Carinthia II n 204./124. Jahrgang n Seiten 205–216 n Klagenfurt 2014 205 Pflanzen mit invasivem Potenzial in Botanischen Gärten VII: Euphorbia maculata und Euphorbia humifusa (Euphorbiaceae) Von Felix SCHLATTI Zusammenfassung Schlüsselwörter Euphorbia maculata und Euphorbia humifusa sind zwei Beispiele für unschein- Botanische Gärten, bare Pflanzen aus derEuphorbia -Untergattung Chamaesyce, die sich derzeit weltweit Euphorbiaceae, in Ausbreitung befindet. Die kleinen, dem Boden angedrückt wachsenden Pflanzen Euphorbia humifusa, werden häufig übersehen, kommen aber oft in Massen vor. Sie können Rasenflächen Euphorbia maculata, unterminieren, Freiflächen völlig überwachsen und Baumschulen wirtschaftliche invasiver Neophyt, Einbußen bringen. Zusätzlich kann ihre Giftigkeit gesundheitliche Probleme verur- Unkraut sachen. Keywords Abstract Botanical gardens, Euphorbia maculata and Euphorbia humifusa are two examples of inconspicous Euphorbiaceae, plants of Euphorbia subgenus Chamaesyce, which currently propagates throughout Euphorbia humifusa, the world. The small plants are often -
A Vegetation Map of the Valles Caldera National Preserve, New
______________________________________________________________________________ A Vegetation Map of the Valles Caldera National Preserve, New Mexico ______________________________________________________________________________ A Vegetation Map of Valles Caldera National Preserve, New Mexico 1 Esteban Muldavin, Paul Neville, Charlie Jackson, and Teri Neville2 2006 ______________________________________________________________________________ SUMMARY To support the management and sustainability of the ecosystems of the Valles Caldera National Preserve (VCNP), a map of current vegetation was developed. The map was based on aerial photography from 2000 and Landsat satellite imagery from 1999 and 2001, and was designed to serve natural resources management planning activities at an operational scale of 1:24,000. There are 20 map units distributed among forest, shrubland, grassland, and wetland ecosystems. Each map unit is defined in terms of a vegetation classification that was developed for the preserve based on 348 ground plots. An annotated legend is provided with details of vegetation composition, environment, and distribution of each unit in the preserve. Map sheets at 1:32,000 scale were produced, and a stand-alone geographic information system was constructed to house the digital version of the map. In addition, all supporting field data was compiled into a relational database for use by preserve managers. Cerro La Jarra in Valle Grande of the Valles Caldera National Preserve (Photo: E. Muldavin) 1 Final report submitted in April 4, 2006 in partial fulfillment of National Prak Service Award No. 1443-CA-1248- 01-001 and Valles Caldrea Trust Contract No. VCT-TO 0401. 2 Esteban Muldavin (Senior Ecologist), Charlie Jackson (Mapping Specialist), and Teri Neville (GIS Specialist) are with Natural Heritage New Mexico of the Museum of Southwestern Biology at the University of New Mexico (UNM); Paul Neville is with the Earth Data Analysis Center (EDAC) at UNM. -
Euphorbiaceae) No Estado De São Paulo, Brasil
OTÁVIO LUIS MARQUES DA SILVA Estudo taxonômico de Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de MESTRE em BIODIVERSIDADE VEGETAL E MEIO AMBIENTE, na Área de Concentração de Plantas Vasculares em Análises Ambientais. SÃO PAULO 2014 OTÁVIO LUIS MARQUES DA SILVA Estudo taxonômico de Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae) no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, como parte dos requisitos exigidos para a obtenção do título de MESTRE em BIODIVERSIDADE VEGETAL E MEIO AMBIENTE, na Área de Concentração de Plantas Vasculares em Análises Ambientais. ORIENTADORA: DRA. MARIA BEATRIZ ROSSI CARUZO Ficha Catalográfica elaborada pelo NÚCLEO DE BIBLIOTECA E MEMÓRIA Silva, Otávio Luis Marques da S586e Estudo taxonômico de Euphorbia L.(Euphorbiaceae) no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil / Otávio Luis Marques da Silva -- São Paulo, 2014. 162 p. il. Dissertação (Mestrado) -- Instituto de Botânica da Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente, 2014 Bibliografia. 1. Euphorbiaceae. 2. Taxonomia. 3. Flora. I. Título CDU: 582.757.2 Dedico este trabalho à minha orientadora, à Dra. Inês Cordeiro e à minha família. In Memorian à Aracy M. Fevereiro e Waki Kodama “A tarefa não é tanto ver aquilo que ninguém viu, mas pensar o que ninguém ainda pensou sobre aquilo que todo mundo vê.” (Arthur Schopenhauer) AGRADECIMENTOS Me faltam palavras para expressar a minha felicidade frente à realização de um trabalho que foi desenvolvido com tanto carinho e dedicação, e de uma forma tão prazerosa e gratificante. -
Revision of the Genus Cleidion (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia
BLUMEA 50: 197–219 Published on 22 April 2005 http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651905X623373 REVISION OF THE GENUS CLEIDION (EUPHORBIACEAE) IN MALESIA KRISTO K.M. KULJU & PETER C. VAN WELZEN Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Universiteit Leiden branch, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] SUMMARY A revision of the Malesian species in the genus Cleidion is presented. Cleidion javanicum is shown to be the correct name for the widespread type species (instead of the name C. spiciflorum). A new species, C. luziae, resembling C. javanicum, is described from the Moluccas, New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. In addition, C. salomonis is synonymised with C. papuanum and C. lanceolatum is treated as a variety of C. ramosii. In total 7 Malesian Cleidion species are recognized. Cleidion megistophyllum from the Philippines cannot reliably be confirmed to belong to the genus due to lack of information and specimens and is treated as a doubtful species. Key words: Cleidion, Acalypheae, Cleidiinae, revision, taxonomy, Malesia. INTRODUCTION Cleidion is a pantropical genus belonging to the large angiosperm family Euphorbiaceae s.s. It was described by Blume (1825), who included a single species C. javanicum1. The first revision was made by Müller Argoviensis (1865, 1866). His work was fol- lowed by the comprehensive treatment of Pax & Hoffmann (1914), which included 17 species. Pax & Hoffmann excluded the section Discocleidion Müll.Arg. which differs from Cleidion by the presence of a staminate and pistillate disc (in Cleidion a disc is absent), stipellate and palmatinerved leaves (in Cleidion the leaves are non-stipellate and pinnatinerved), and differences in anther type. -
Synopsis of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) in the State of São Paulo, Brazil
Phytotaxa 181 (4): 193–215 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.181.4.1 Synopsis of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil OTÁVIO LUIS MARQUES DA SILVA1,3, INÊS CORDEIRO1 & MARIA BEATRIZ ROSSI CARUZO2 ¹Instituto de Botânica, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, Cx. Postal 3005, 01061-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil ²Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brazil 3Author for correspondence. Email: [email protected] Abstract Euphorbia is the largest genus of Euphorbiaceae and is among the giant genera of Angiosperms. In the state of São Paulo, the genus is represented by 23 species occurring in savannas, high altitude fields, and anthropic areas. This work includes an identification key, photographs, and comments on morphology, habitat, and geographical distribution. We reestablish Euphorbia chrysophylla and recognize Leptopus brasiliensis as a synonym of Euphorbia sciadophila. Six new records for the state of São Paulo are presented: Euphorbia adenoptera, E. bahiensis, E. chrysophylla, E. cordeiroae, E. foliolosa and E. ophthalmica. Eight lectotypes are designated. Key words: Neotropical flora, nomenclatural notes, taxonomy Resumo Euphorbia é o maior gênero de Euphorbiaceae e está entre os maiores de Angiospermas. No Estado de São Paulo, está rep- resentado por 23 espécies ocorrendo no cerrado, campos de altitude e áreas antrópicas. Este trabalho inclui uma chave de identificação, comentários sobre morfologia, habitat e distribuição geográfica. Reestabelecemos Euphorbia chrysophylla e reconhecemos Leptopus brasiliensis como sinônimo de Euphorbia sciadophila. Seis novas ocorrências para o Estado de São Paulo são apresentadas: Euphorbia adenoptera, E. -
Biological Survey of a Prairie Landscape in Montana's Glaciated
Biological Survey of a Prairie Landscape in Montanas Glaciated Plains Final Report Prepared for: Bureau of Land Management Prepared by: Stephen V. Cooper, Catherine Jean and Paul Hendricks December, 2001 Biological Survey of a Prairie Landscape in Montanas Glaciated Plains Final Report 2001 Montana Natural Heritage Program Montana State Library P.O. Box 201800 Helena, Montana 59620-1800 (406) 444-3009 BLM Agreement number 1422E930A960015 Task Order # 25 This document should be cited as: Cooper, S. V., C. Jean and P. Hendricks. 2001. Biological Survey of a Prairie Landscape in Montanas Glaciated Plains. Report to the Bureau of Land Management. Montana Natural Heritage Pro- gram, Helena. 24 pp. plus appendices. Executive Summary Throughout much of the Great Plains, grasslands limited number of Black-tailed Prairie Dog have been converted to agricultural production colonies that provide breeding sites for Burrow- and as a result, tall-grass prairie has been ing Owls. Swift Fox now reoccupies some reduced to mere fragments. While more intact, portions of the landscape following releases the loss of mid - and short- grass prairie has lead during the last decade in Canada. Great Plains to a significant reduction of prairie habitat Toad and Northern Leopard Frog, in decline important for grassland obligate species. During elsewhere, still occupy some wetlands and the last few decades, grassland nesting birds permanent streams. Additional surveys will have shown consistently steeper population likely reveal the presence of other vertebrate declines over a wider geographic area than any species, especially amphibians, reptiles, and other group of North American bird species small mammals, of conservation concern in (Knopf 1994), and this alarming trend has been Montana.