© 2017, DIILI Publication American Journal of Life Science Researches 2017; 5(3): 126-129 Published online July, 2017 (http://www.diili.org/ojs-2.4.6/index.php/ajlsr/index) ISSN: 2375-7485 (Print); ISSN: 2332-0206 (Online) Original Paper Extraction and Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Leaves and Seeds of Abelmoschus Moschatus Medik Abhishek Dwivedi1* and Ameeta Argal2 1. Research Scholar, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, RJ- India 2. TIT Pharmacy, Bhopal, M.P-India * Corresponding author: Abhishek Dwivedi, E.mail: [email protected], Mob.+91-989377870 ARTICLE INFO Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. commonly known as Kasturibhendi (Hindi), Article history: Musk mallow (English) belongs to family Malvaceae and is medicinally Received 22 January 2017 important oil yielding plant commonly grown in some parts of our country in Revised 22 February 2017 July and harvested in October-November. The plant has numerous medicinal values as claimed by traditional and folk lore. International criteria for Accepted 22 March 2017 validation and standardization of an herbal material as phytomedicine examination of raw material to guarantee its authenticity. The dried leaves and seeds were taken to study various physic-chemical parameters. Various parameters such as FOM, LOD, ash value, extractive value and fluorescence analysis of powdered drug were determined and reported in present communication. Thus, the present paper aims at setting the standardisation standards to establish quality control parameter for the raw material. The data obtained in present study will serve as valuable tool for identification, authentication and detection of adulterants and quality control of the plant Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. Keywords: Abelmoschus Moschatus Medik, Extraction, Preliminary Phytochemical Screening, Leaves, Seeds Introduction Herbal medicine is a triumph of popular therapeutic diversity [1]. Almost in all traditional medicine, the medicinal plants play a major role and constitute the backbone for the same [2]. In order to make sure the safe use of these medicines, a necessary first step is the establishment of standards of quality, safety and efficacy [3]. Keeping these facts in consideration the present work was undertaken to reveal standardization parameters of Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. It is an aromatic and medicinal plant in the Malvaceae family, which is native to India. It is an erect hispid herbaceous trailing herb that grows up to 1.5m tall with a long slender tap root. Leaves are alternate, rough, hairy and heart- shaped. They have 3 to 5 lobes and can grow to 15cm long. Flowers resemble those of the hibiscus and are usually watermelon pink, although they are sometimes white or cream in colour. They last for only one day and their flowering depends on the timing of the wet season. Seeds are contained within hairy capsules up to 8 cm long, which are tough but papery. The seeds have a sweet, flowery, heavy fragrance similar to that of musk [4]. Extraction and Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Leaves and Seeds of Abelmoschus Moschatus Medik The plant is used in the treatment of various diseases as described in traditional and folk remedies. Every part of this medicinal plant is used in one or the other way. Seeds are effective aphrodisiac and antispasmodic, and used in tonics. They check vomiting and are useful in treating intestinal disorders, urinary discharge, nervous disorders, hysteria, skin diseases etc. The mucilaginous seeds are emollients and demulcents. Flower infusion is contraceptive. Different parts of the plant have uses in traditional and complementary medicine, not all of which have been scientifically proven. It is used externally to relieve spasms of the digestive tract, cramp, poor circulation and aching joints. It is also considered an insecticide and an aphrodisiac [5-7]. In spite of its numerous medicinal attributes, till date no work was reported on the standardisation parameters of leaves and seeds of selected plant. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to set standards and revealed the various standardisation parameters of the plant. Material and Methods Selection of plant/plant material Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. commonly known as Kasturibhendi (Hindi), Musk mallow (English) belongs to family Malvaceae and is medicinally important oil yielding plant commonly grown in some parts of our country in July and harvested in October-November. The plant have numerous medicinal values as claimed by traditional and folk lore and so, far no any systematic work was carried out to study the medicinal and pharmacological assessment of the plant, therefore, the plant was selected for present investigation. Collection and authentication of plant/plant material The seeds and leaves of the selected plant (Abelmoschus moschatus Medik.) were collected in the months of Feb-April 2015 from Jawaharlal Nehru Agriculture University (JNKVV) Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh and were identified and authenticated by Dr. S. N. Dwivedi, Prof. and Head, Department of Botany, Janata PG College, A.P.S. University, Rewa, M.P. and was deposited in our Laboratory, Voucher specimen No. PCog/AM/175. Extraction of Plant Material [1-2] Successive Extraction of Stem Sample were shattered and screened with 40 mesh. The shade dried coarsely powdered stem of Abelmoschus moschatus Medik (250 g) were loaded in Soxhlet apparatus and was extracted with petroleum ether (60-62°C), chloroform, ethanol and water until the extraction was completed. After completion of extraction, the solvent was removed by distillation. The extracts were dried using rotator evaporator. The residue was then stored in a dessicator and percentage yield was determined. The results were presented in Table 1. Successive Extraction of Seed Sample were shattered and screened with 40 mesh. The shade dried coarsely powdered seeds of Abelmoschus moschatus Medik (250 g) were loaded in Soxhlet apparatus and was extracted with petroleum ether (60-62°C), chloroform, ethanol and water until the extraction was completed. After completion of extraction, the solvent was removed by distillation. The extracts were dried using rotator evaporator. The residue was then stored in a dessicator and percentage yield was determined. The results were presented in Table 1[8-9]. Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Extract [3-4] 127 Dwivedi & Argal, 2017 The various extract obtained after extraction were subjected for phytochemical screening to determine the presence of various phytochemical present in the extracts. The standard procedure was adopted to perform the study. The results were presented in Table 2. Results and Discussion The shade dried coarsely powder of seed and leaves and was successively extracted with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and water in a soxhlet apparatus. The solvents were removed by distillation under reduced pressure and the resulting semisolid mass was vacuum dried using rotary flash evaporator. The percentage yields of various extract along with their color, nature and pH were presented in table 1. Table 1. Percentage yield of various extracts of Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. S./No. Extract Estimated percentage (%w/w) Color of extract Nature of extract pH 1. PEEAML 1.84 Green Semi Solid 7.01 2. CEAML 1.07 Green Semi Solid 7.04 3. EEAML 12.38 Dark Green Semi solid 6.99 4. AEAML 19.34 Dirty Green Semi solid 7.01 5. PEAMPS 0.98 Light Brown Semi solid 7.02 6. CEAMS 1.12 Brown Semi solid 7.03 7. EEAMS 10.45 Light Brown Semi solid 7.0 8. AEAMS 14.39 Brown Semi solid 7.0 Abbr.: PEEAML: Petroleum ether extract of Abelmoschus moschatus Medik Leaves, CEAML: Chloroform extract of Abelmoschus moschatus Medik Leaves, EEAML: Ethanolic extract of Abelmoschus moschatus Medik Leaves, AEAML: Aqueous extract of Abelmoschus moschatus Medik Leaves, PEEAMS: Petroleum ether extract of Abelmoschus moschatus Medik Seed, CEAMS: Chloroform extract of Abelmoschus moschatus Medik Seed, EEAMS: Ethanolic extract of Abelmoschus moschatus Medik Seed, AEAMS: Aqueous extract of Abelmoschus moschatus Medik Seed. All values are Mean, n=3 Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Extract The extract obtained after extraction of plant material were subject to phytochemical screening which revealed the present of various active phytoconstituents. The results were presented in table 2-3. Table 2. Preliminary phytochemical screening of Leaves of Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. S/No. Constituents Seed Extract PEEAML CEAML EEAML AEAML 1. Carbohydrates + + + + 2. Glycosides - - - - 3. Alkaloids - - + + 4. Protein & Amino acid - - - + 5. Tannins & Phenolic compounds - - - - 6. Flavonoids - + + + 7. Fixed oil and Fats - - - - 8. Steriods & Triterpenoids + - + + 9. Waxes - - - - 10. Mucilage & Gums - - - - Abbr. - = Absent, + = Present 128 Extraction and Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Leaves and Seeds of Abelmoschus Moschatus Medik Table 3. Preliminary phytochemical screening of Seeds of Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. S/No. Constituents Seed Extract PEAMPS CEAMS EEAMS AEAMS 1. Carbohydrates + + + + 2. Glycosides - - - - 3. Alkaloids - + + + 4. Protein & Amino acid - - + + 5. Tannins & Phenolic compounds - - - - 6. Flavonoids - + + + 7. Fixed oil and Fats - - - - 8. Steriods & Triterpenoids + - + + 9. Waxes - - - - 10. Mucilage & Gums + - + + Abbr. - = Absent, + = Present References 1. Harborne, J.B. (1984).Phytochemical methods, Chapman and Hall, London. Ist Edition. 2. Kokate C.K. (1997). Practical Pharmacognosy, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi., 4th Edition,