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SWITCH-Med SCP Policy Toolkit: Mainstreaming Sustainable Consumption and Production into Key Economic Sectors in the Mediterranean SWITCH-Med SCP Toolkit SWITCH-Med SCP Toolkit Acknowledgments This toolkit has been produced by the Regional Activity Centre for Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP/RAC) of the Mediterranean Action Plan of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP/MAP), Supervision and coordination Jelena Knezevic (Ministry of Sustainable Development and Tourism, Montenegro) Magali Outters and Dafne Mazo, Regional Activity Centre for Sustainable Consumption and Production Spyros Kouvelis (Senior Expert on Sustainable Development, Greece) Yuval Laster (Environmental Policy Division, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Israel) Technical support: Frank Lauwers Aure Adell and Bettina Schaefer, Ecoinstitut SCCL Planning Authority, Malta) Lamia Mansour (GFA Consulting Group, Lebanon) Contributors Sanda Midzic-Kurtagic (Centre for Environmentally Sustainable Development - Hydro-Engineering Institute, Bosnia and Herzegovina) SCP/RAC would like to thank the following people and organisations for their valuable input in the development of this toolkit, either by providing information or reviewing and sharing invaluable (Department for General Environmental Policies Directorate for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development, Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection, Croatia) Anton Pizzuto (Cleaner Technology Centre, Malta) Hussein Abaza (Centre for Sustainable Development Solutions, Egypt) Marko Prem (Priority Actions Programme/Regional Activity Centre, Croatia) Ali Abo Sena (Egypt National Cleaner Production Centre, Egypt) Luc Reuter (Sustainable Consumption and Production Branch, Division of Technology, Industry and Lewis Akenji (Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Japan) Economics, United Nations Environment Programme) Sylvain Chevassus (Responsible Consumption and Production Board, Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable Alessio Satta (Agenzia regionale Conservatoria delle Coste della Sardegna, Italy) Development and Energy, France) Burcu Tunçer (SWITCH-Asia Network Facility, Collaborating Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production, Germany) Pierre El Khoury (Lebanese Centre for Energy Conservation, Ministry of Energy and Water, Lebanon) Victor Vázquez (Andalusian Institute of Technology, Spain) Peter Fantke Frans Vespeek (SWITCH-Asia Network Facility, Collaborating Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Stefanos Fotiou Production, Germany) Anne Dominique Furphy (Andalusian Institute of Technology, Seville, Spain) Roland Weber (POPs Environmental Consulting, Germany) Alessandro Galli (Mediterranean MENA Program, Global Footprint Network, Switzerland) Amel Zouaoui (Centre National des Technologies de Production plus Propre, Algeria) Frederic Gallo (Regional Activity Centre for Sustainable Consumption and Production, Barcelona, Spain) Blanka Grahovac Guberina (Department for General Environmental Policies, Ministry of Environmental and Nature Protection, Croatia) Georgina Guillén (Collaborating Centre on Sustainable Consumption and Production, Germany) Charalambos Hajipakkos (Department of Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Cyprus) 2 SWITCH-Med SCP Toolkit Table of contents 2.4. What types of policies and instruments can promote SCP? 41 2.5. What life cycle stages are covered by SCP policies and instruments? 48 CHAPTER 1. Understanding CHAPTER 3. Mainstreaming SCP sustainable consumption into key economic sectors for and production 17 the mediterranean region 51 1.1. Why should policy makers integrate 3.1. How can SCP be mainstreamed an SCP approach when designing in the food and agriculture sector? 52 national and sectoral policies? 18 3.2. How can SCP be mainstreamed in the 1.2. Is SCP linked to other global consumer goods manufacturing sector? 54 environmental challenges? 22 3.3. How can SCP be mainstreamed 1.3. What are the key aspects of SCP? 24 in the tourism sector? 64 CHAPTER 2. Policy framework 3.4. How can SCP be mainstreamed in for SCP 31 the housing and construction sector? 75 2.1. How can SCP programmes 3.5. Building coordination mechanisms be developed? 32 to ensure the success of SCP policies and instruments 84 2.2. How can SCP be mainstreamed in key policies and plans? 37 2.3. How can SCP be measured and communicated? 38 4 SWITCH-Med SCP Toolkit SWITCH-Med SCP Toolkit Portuguese Energy Agency FAO Food and Agriculture Organization Non-governmental organisation United Nations APA Portuguese Environment Agency GEF Global Environment Facility National Industrial Symbiosis United Nations Environment Programme Programme BAT Best available techniques GHG Greenhouse gas BEP Best environmental practices GIS Geographic information system OECD Organisation for Economic United Nations Development Co-operation and Development Programme BOD Biochemical oxygen demand GIZ German Organisation for Technical Cooperation PACT Protected Area Conservation Trust United Nations Industrial Development CAD Canadian dollars Organisation GPP Green public procurement National Nutrition and Health CEDRO Programme (France) USD United States dollar Renewable Energy ICZM Integrated coastal zone management POP Persistent organic pollutant WEEE Waste electrical and electronic Centre National des Technologies de IGES Institute for Global Environmental equipment Production plus Propre Strategies RE WTO World Trade Organisation CO2 Carbon dioxide ILO International Labour Organization RECP production 10YFP 10 Year Framework of Programmes CO2e Carbon dioxide equivalent International POPs Elimination Network Royal Society for the Conservation of CSR Corporate social responsibility IPP Integrated product policy Nature CSO Civil society organisation ISO International Standardization SCP Sustainable Consumption and Organization DTIE Division of technology, industry and Production economics LCA Life cycle assessment SCP/RAC Sustainable Consumption and EC European Commission LCC Life cycle costing Production Regional Activity Centre EEA European Environment Agency MAP Mediterranean Action Plan for SDS Sustainable development strategy the Barcelona Convention EF Ecological footprint SME Small and medium-size enterprise Middle East and North Africa EMS Environmental management scheme/ SPP Sustainable public procurement system MSC Marine Stewardship Council Egypt National Cleaner Production MSSD Mediterranean Strategy for Sustainable Centre Development EPBD European Directive on Energy National action plan Performance of Buildings National Commission on Organic EU European Union Agriculture EUR Euros Renewable Energy Action 6 SWITCH-Med SCP Toolkit SWITCH-Med SCP Toolkit “The fundamental objective of SCP is to decouple economic growth from A framework environmental degradation. Achieving SCP patterns will sustain improvements in economic development and human welfare that we depend on, including for the SCP improvements in health and education. In other words, SCP aims at doing more and toolkit better with less – across the entire life cycle of products, while increasing quality of life for all. ‘More’ delivered in terms of goods and services, with ‘less’ impact in terms of resource use, environmental degradation, waste and pollution.” UNEP 2012: Global Outlook on SCP Policies 8 SWITCH-Med SCP Toolkit SWITCH-Med SCP Toolkit The Mediterranean Region has seen rapid economic Development Organization (UNIDO), UNEP/MAP1 – to -SCP/RAC2 and UNEP-DTIE3 implement demonstration activities in each been accompanied by a serious depletion in natural interlinked components: a policy component, a country drawn from the SCP National Action resources and a widespread degradation of the demonstration component, and a networking Plans (NAPs) developed with governments the situation will continue to degrade and economic As mentioned above, one of the SWITCH-Med Programme’s main assignments is under the The SWITCH-Med Policy component aims at The aims at Policy Component which is mainstreaming SCP Development can be decoupled from environmental strengthening relevant environmental governance into key areas for sustainable development in the degradation and ‘sustainable consumption and sustainability and impact of the components of production’ (SCP) provides many of the tools to do extensive communication, networking, exchange a Regional Policy Component aiming at develop a regional SCP action plan and roadmap of lessons learned and encourages scaling-up of integrating SCP in the regional Mediterranean under the Barcelona Convention4 activities, while minding synergies with the sister policy and governance framework, and programmes, namely Switch-Asia and Switch- particularly in the Barcelona Convention In line with this approach, the SWITCH-Med for the protection of the Mediterranean The SWITCH-Med Demonstration component environment, through the development of an (EU), has been designed as a multi-component aims at implementing concrete actions tackling the barriers faced by key players responsible for the Figure 1 is about changing the way goods and services components: are produced and consumed so that human development, and the satisfaction of human needs, Sustainable production - MED TEST II5– supports industry, emerging green entrepreneurs, to stimulate the demand and supply of civil society and policy makers through policy sustainable production services to industry; SUPPORTS