LIST OF TERMS

Further definitions and pictures of the following items are available on the Drainage Utility Website found at: http://www.killeentexas.gov/index.php?secti on=113

Bedrock “THE CITY WITHOUT LIMITS” Erosion Drainage Utility Groundwater seep between asphalt overlays

Groundwater Karst Sanitary Sewer Line Seep Soil Spring Storm Water Management Plan Surface Water Water Line Water Table

DISCLAIMER

The Drainage Utility has prepared this brochure for informational and educational purposes only SEEPS AND SPRINGS and the brochure is not intended as legal advice. This brochure was created as part of a series of FACT SHEET brochures to fulfill the education portion of the City of Killeen Storm Water Management Plan CITY OF KILLEN – PUBLIC WORKS required by the Texas Commission on ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Environmental Quality. DRAINAGE UTILITY 200 E. AVE D, 2ND FLOOR For further information contact: KILLEEN, TX 76540 Kristina Ramirez, Environmental Services (254) 501-7629 City of Killeen. 200 E. Ave D, 2nd Floor Killeen, TX 76540 Groundwater seep piped to a curb and gutter outfall with seepage from between sidewalk and driveway. Phone (254) 501-7629 INTRODUCTION WHAT FACTORS AFFECT SEEP WHY DO WE HAVE SEEPS IN This brochure is intended to accomplish LOCATIONS? KILLEEN? the following: There are a number of factors determining Killeen is located on a type of landscape the presence and occurrence of seeps known as karst. Karst is a description of  Provide residents with a general throughout the City of Killeen. The bedrock that has undergone (chemical) overview of what seeps and following is a short list of factors: erosion. Karst has the appearance of a springs are; sponge or may have voids. The type of  Help residents identify seeps,  Bedrock: The number of holes and karst depends on long-term weathering of springs, water line leaks and cracks in the bedrock may be greater in the area and the make up of bedrock. The sanitary sewer line leaks; some locations, allowing water to karst under Killeen is made up of mostly limestone bedrock. The long-term weather  Inform residents of how they can percolate or rise to the surface. conditions and bedrock in Killeen have help the city record seep and  Water Table: Rainfall increases created karst with lots of tiny holes spring locations; and groundwater levels. A high water table forming seeps. causes an increase in the flow and  Educate residents on the naturally occurring conditions that form number of seeps observed at the seeps and springs. ground surface.  Artificial Discharge: Leaks in water lines and sanitary sewer lines create WHAT ARE SEEPS AND SPRINGS? seeps. Seeps and springs originate from areas with naturally occurring groundwater that rises from the bedrock or soil to become WHAT DO SEEPS, WATER AND surface water. There is little difference SEWER LINE LEAKS LOOK LIKE? between a seep and a spring. Generally, if  Groundwater Seeps consist of water the rate of flow is rapid and continuous, it that has tiny air bubbles and green Example of karst bedrock above ground is called a spring. If the flow is slow and algae near the seep and may exhibit an intermittent, it is called it a seep. odor HOW DOES KARST FORM?  Water Lines Leaks consist of water Limestone is chemically erosive when it that is clear and contains chlorine comes in contact with carbonic acid.  Sanitary Sewer Lines Leaks consist of Carbonic acid is a mild acid made up of cloudy to clear water with a foul odor water and carbon dioxide. Carbonic acid is found in all carbonated beverages. If a coin is placed in soda pop, it will begin to WHERE DO I REPORT A SEEP? dissolve. The same process that occurs to a coin in soda pop occurs to limestone Drainage Utility - (254) 501-7629 bedrock exposed to carbonic acid. Water and Sewer Utilities- (254) 634-0588 However, chemical erosion of limestone Streets Division- (254) 634-3710 takes thousands to hundreds of thousands Groundwater seep flowing over sidewalk of years to occur.