Researched by John M. Dale

Other assistance provided by: Jason P. Braddy, Phil Gerkin, Cheryl Dalton, Kristin Wehri and Sue Clark

May 2012

The History of the Aurora Public Schools District - Adams/Arapahoe 28J Table of Contents

Aurora History ...... 1 History of William Smith High School ...... 3 Superintendents, 1922-1949 ...... 4 1922 – 1936 Jack McCullough 1935 – 1939 Carl Hansen, became a minister 1939 – 1942 John McConnell, served in the army in WWII; taught junior high social studies while superintendent 1942 – 1947 John A. Simpson 1947 – 1949 Myron Ray Moorehead, Moorhead Park at 25th Avenue and Havana Street was named for him William C . Hinkley, 1949 – 1968 ...... 4 Thomas Pickens – interim, 1968 ...... 7 Roland Ingraham, 1968 – 1970 ...... 7 Dr . J . D . Leavitt, 1970 – 1972 ...... 7 Thomas Pickens, interim, 1972 – 1974 ...... 8 John Goodspeed Stuart, 1974 – 1988 ...... 8 Victor Ross, 1988 – 1992 ...... 10 David Hartenbach, Ed .D ., 1992 – 2002 ...... 11 Robert Adams, Ph .D ., 2002 – 2006 ...... 12 John Barry, 2006 – Present ...... 13

Appendices I. Consolidation of Schools ...... 16 II. List of Schools ...... 17 III. Chronological List of APS Superintendents 18 IV. School Board Members ...... 19 V. APS State Champions ...... 20 VI. Prominent APS Graduates 21-29 VII. Sources 30 Aurora History In the mid-1800s, the community that is now known 25th Avenue; eight of the seventeen original houses are as Aurora sprung up along a few blocks of East Colfax still in use. The town was named Fletcher in honor of Avenue and Yosemite Street, and included many the developer, and people moved to this area to take surrounding farms. One of the early settlers was William advantage of low-cost housing. A house on Galena Smith who came to Colorado from Scotland in 1878. Street would have cost about $3500 in 1891. His farm was on land that had access to the Highline Canal which carried water from the mountains to the Just as providing water is a monumental challenge eastern farms. In 1885 Mr. Smith became a driving today, so it was as settlers moved to Colorado. Water force in establishing a school district for this area. The disputes were common. Ralph Moody documents his school district stretched from Colorado Boulevard on family’s struggles in Littleton during the same period. the west, to the Elbert and Lincoln County lines on the Thus, as Fletcher was growing, a dispute over water east. The area was described as having more prairie dogs caused conflict in the community and Fletcher left than students. By 1915 the geographical boundaries of town. The citizens wanted to be rid of his memory, so the school district changed when Bennett opened its in 1907 the town name was changed to Aurora, taking first school as part of its own district. From 1885 to the name of the mythological goddess of the dawn. 1935 Mr. Smith served as the Treasurer of the Board The early years were, if not uneventful, at least stable. of Education. Because the school district straddles two Because of the serious water issues, the town grew slowly counties its official name became Adams-Arapahoe in the early 1900s. The slow but steady development School District 28-J. signaled the need for a new school nearby.

Crawford, pre-1919 Today a plaque located at 16th Avenue and Florence Old Faithful Street commemorates Central Grade School which served first through eighth grades. The school was The first school was a one-room building located in destroyed by a fire in 1919 and was replaced by a two- what is today Del Mar Park, a few short blocks from story brick building on the south side of the lot. In the Smith family home at 412 Oswego Street. Other 1958 the name was changed to Crawford Elementary early settlers homesteaded in the general vicinity of School in honor of Martha B. Crawford, a dedicated today’s Chambers Road. Since 1870 the Gulley and first-grade teacher who taught there for many years. Delaney families had farmed and ranched there. The This structure remained in use until 1972 when it was Delaney Farm, now a historic site, was also established replaced by the one-story brick structure which is the on Chambers Road along the Highline Canal and core of the current building. Tollgate Creek.

The school close to the William Smith house served the local farmers’ children. A second school, Toll Gate, was later built just south of what is now the intersection of Chambers Road and Mississippi Avenue.

In 1891 the big news was the development of what could be called the community’s first subdivision. In 1891 a developer named Donald C. Fletcher began building two-story homes along Hathaway Street (now Galena Street). This development ran from 16th Avenue to Crawford 1 Aurora History

World War I brought the establishment of Army was 11,000. A major issue for the school board became Hospital 21 on land that had been the Guthiel what to do with the influx of the post-war baby boomers Nursery. In 1920 Army Hospital 21 was renamed that were moving out of the large cities. for Lt. William T. Fitzsimons, the first soldier killed in World War I. The area was originally covered with In the 1950s and 1960s, Aurora was still a small town temporary buildings even though some remained in use with a family-like connection between the school board in 1994. These were treatment centers to provide care and the staff. The board president Hazel Sterling for soldiers who had been injured by poison gas during would begin every school year with a rally and lead a the war. The treatment then was much the same as for cheer to the Aurora staff: “28-Jers, go forth and teach!” the recovery of tubercular patients, lots of sunshine and In 1963 Mrs. Sterling was presented with an award clear mountain air. The influx of patients did not have from the Colorado Association of School Boards a major impact on the school district since most of the for the seventeen years she served on the Board of patients did not have children. Education. An often-told story is that Ruth Dalton, the director of instruction, formed a kitchen cabinet A very stable environment existed in the school system known as the “Canasta Club.” One member from each until the end of World War II. The town itself grew school gathered to play cards at her home. What was into a population of 3,494 in 1939 with most of the purportedly a social gathering undoubtedly provided a growth south of Colfax Avenue in Arapahoe County. basis of communication that kept the district moving forward and gave Dalton her uncanny ability to know In 1968, the district chose to be known popularly as what was happening everywhere in the district. the Aurora Public Schools (APS) (although the state designation remained Adams-Arapahoe 28-J). In the East and north of the intersection of Chambers 1950s several districts south and east of APS were Road and Colfax Avenue, rural school districts were consolidated into Arapahoe County District 5 / Cherry functioning independently before the 1957 launching Creek Schools. The result is that the city of Aurora has of the Russian satellite Sputnik. This event created two school districts – APS and Cherry Creek. a strong desire in the American public for science education at the elementary level. One-room or small Teaching before 1950 was very different from the latter rural schools, where more than one grade was taught half of the 20th century. Salaries were low before the by a single teacher, did not lend themselves to science onset of state support for local districts, sometimes education which included experiments. To improve as low as $1600 a year. Many teachers started with this aspect of education in the1950s, the rural districts a two-year certificate but would go to school every were consolidated resulting in reducing Colorado summer to earn a Life Teacher Certificate along with school districts from more than 300 to 160. their Bachelor’s Degree. There were no contracts and teachers covered all areas including before- and With the establishment of Fitzsimons Medical Center, after-school supervision, lunchroom and playground the moving of Lowry Air Force Base to the edge of duty, and the nurse’s office. Not until the 1970s did Aurora in 1937, and the evolution of Buckley Field art teachers become a part of the instructional plan. to Buckley Air Station, then to Buckley United States Each employee talked over his compensation with the Air Force Base, the military and their families have school board, and a common practice for teachers been integral to the history of Aurora and its schools. was to move to another district every three years. In a Buckley gave the school district a large tract of land that 1950s college class discussing housing options, many is currently the site of William Smith High School, the rural teachers were surprised by the idea that a teacher new Summit Academy for gifted and talented students might actually purchase a house. and many other district buildings. While both Lowry and Fitzsimons have closed, Buckley continues to grow Aurora in the 1940s was typical of small towns and bring more families to Aurora. Ironically, in the throughout the West. The whole town turned out for wake of the military’s withdrawal from both Lowry Friday night football. At the prom, chairs were set up and Fitzsimons, a revitalization of those properties so that parents and local citizens could observe dancing has occurred and once again, Aurora has the military in the high school gym. In 1950 Aurora’s population to thank for growth in those areas. 2 History of William Smith High School

The historic William Smith building is significantly different from the other sites in Aurora. It was built in 1931, but was locally financed and not a Works Progress Administration (WPA) project which was more common at the time. Until 1931 high school students from Aurora attended East High School in Denver and used Denver Tramway cars to make the trip. Within a short time the tramway service to Aurora was cut back which increased the pressure for the school district to have its own high school. For its first few years, William Smith functioned as a traditional high school. After World War II everything changed. Early William Smith graduates.

The building continued to play an important role in Aurora. Until 2000, the gym was used for square dances and graduates from this building held a reunion every year until 2007. Even though the gym was demolished in 2006, the main building was retained; its front façade left in place and incorporated into West Middle School as part of the office complex. Original William Smith Since the gym no longer existed, in 2007 the reunion was combined with the Aurora History Makers Award In 1950 a new building now known as West Middle ceremony held at the Aurora History Museum. School opened as Aurora High School. The former high school became a junior high school for seventh, In 2006, Aurora Public Schools produced a documentary eighth, and ninth grades. During the first year, all to commemorate the history of Historic William Smith sixth grade students from throughout the district were and West Middle School. The project presented an also housed at William Smith. From 1960 to 1976, opportunity for West students to learn firsthand about William Smith operated as a grade school. In 1976, the the history of their school. Students interviewed former Aurora Street Academy, moved into the site and served students and staff members, including graduates from the students who did not function well in a traditional high 1930s. The documentary video, which earned a History school. The alternative high school adopted the name Makers Award from the Aurora History Museum, can William Smith High School and became the first totally be viewed on the APS website at aurorak12.org/history accredited alternative high school in Colorado. In1992 under the link for William Smith. the school moved one mile south east into what had been Peoria Elementary (located at the intersection of The publication Aurora: Gateway to the Rockies sums Peoria and Del Mar Circle). From 1977 to 1992 Peoria up the district best: Elementary was used as an annex to Central High “The Aurora Public Schools population represents a typically School to relieve overcrowding at the main building. diverse cross section of the United States. Students in APS speak When William Smith moved to its present location on more than ninety different languages, and all socio-economic Airport Blvd., it retained the name William Smith at classes of people live here. East of Tower Road an area of the request of its students. potential development stretches Watkins. Just as the original boundaries in 1885 of a district stretching from Colorado The William Smith historic art deco building on the Boulevard to the eastern boundary of Lincoln County was said original site became a part of West Middle School to have more prairie dogs than people, the same might be said for having been saved from demolition by being designated the area east from Tower Road to the town of Watkins, which an Aurora Historic Landmark in 1986. The address is an area of great potential growth, especially resulting from the was originally Del Mar Parkway but is now 10100 East opening of Denver International Airport and the proliferation of 13th Avenue. concomitant businesses and housing.” 3 History of William Smith Superintendents, High School 1922-1949

As APS has changed/developed, a number of themes Information on superintendents is difficult to find have become clear: before 1949 when William C. Hinkley was hired. In a • Growth is an ever-present issue. 2006 conference with long-time resident Juanita Sparks, • APS always brought in employees from outside a 1940 graduate of Aurora High School, she recalled Colorado. former superintendents and their terms of service. • The leadership team must have both long-range planning skills and the ability to overcome crises. 1922-1936 Jack McCollough • APS is affected by all the events that take place 1935-1939 Carl Hansen throughout the world. 1939-1942 John McConnell • This school system will respond to whatever trends 1942-1947 John A. Simpson in education are current: fundamental schools, K-8 1947-1949 Myron Ray Moorhead schools, gifted and talented programs, advanced placement, de-centralization, and any others. Mr. McCullough served in the United States Army during World War II and taught junior high school The picture painted here is of a hard-working social studies while superintendent. Mr. Hansen community where people treasure education and see became a minister. it as a means to success. They value skills and often send their children to college. Up until the closing Moorehead Park at 25th Avenue and Havana Street of the installations a Fitzsimons Army Hospital and was named in honor of Mr. Moorhead. Lowry Air Force Base, the military played a strong role in the community, and today retired military During John McConnell’s term as superintendent, personnel are a factor and continue to play an active Ruth E. Dalton was hired as a physical education part in the educational community. It is in many teacher at Central Grade School in 1940. By 1949 respects a working class community, with a strong when Mr. Hinkley became superintendent, she was desire for upward mobility. the principal at Aurora Central Grade School.

William C . Hinkley, 1949-1968 The year 1949 marked the beginning of a response to the changes experienced by the city of Aurora and led to changes in the Aurora school system. Mr. William C. Hinkley (Bill) became superintendent. Besides being a gifted lobbyist and advocate for the children of Aurora, Hinkley had a varied career as a teacher, state legislator, and a pilot.

In 1949, 1100 students were housed at the Crawford and William Smith sites. Over the next few years, his administration used a variety of strategies to deal with the growth and overcrowding brought on by the baby boomers.

Overcrowding led to creative solutions, and many William Smith of the decisions made in those days of burgeoning populations are similar to policies still enacted today. 4 Through the years Hinkley and his staff devised membership was the same as the Board of Education. a number of solutions to overcrowding including The school authority went to the Aurora National double shifts at school, overlapping schedules and Bank and borrowed money to build Kenton and early and late starts. In addition, the district built Montview Elementary schools. Each year the Aurora facilities with small libraries and housed major Board of Education would re-form itself into the ASA book collections in individual classrooms in order and use general fund tax money to make a payment to to provide more classroom space. The district also the bank. The loan was paid off in the 1970s. rented nearby space to house kindergarten classes. However, all new elementary schools included a room Perhaps the most important accomplishment of slightly larger than a standard classroom designated as Superintendent Hinkley was his ability to secure federal a kindergarten room. The kindergarten schedule was funding for public schools through a system called modified by shortening the day, so that it could run impacted areas funding. Congress funded an extra three shifts per day. As a result, kindergarten teachers amount of money to any school district in the United often had to move from one building to another. States which had a high number of children of federal Extremely large classes were another consequence employees, including children of people serving in the of strained resources. At different armed forces. This money was a times classes of up to 44 students positive force for Adams-Arapahoe were maintained. Using buildings 28-J since a new school was opened on Fitzsimons Army Post helped almost every year during the 1950s solve the overcrowding. and 1960s: Kenton and Montview in 1950; Vaughn in 1951; Peoria Because of military restrictions in 1952; Sixth Avenue in 1955; regarding unregistered civilian cars Boston, Jamaica, and Paris in on base, seventh and eighth grade 1956; Lansing in 1959; Elkhart in students were dropped off by their 1963; Lyn Knoll, Virginia Court, parents at a parking lot at the corner and Altura in 1964; Wheeling in of Peoria Street and Colfax Avenue, 1965; and Laredo in 1968. and they were bused to the northeast corner of the post to seven buildings/ Between 1950 and 1960, the barracks that had been converted population of Aurora tripled into classrooms. With the opening to 10,000. With this increase of Park Lane Elementary in 1959 and in population and Aurora’s North Middle School in 1961, classes annexation of Hoffman Heights at Fitzsimons were discontinued. in 1955, the decision was made to Elementary-aged children of enlisted William Hinkley name new schools with the name men were assigned to Park Lane of the street they faced. Naming Elementary and the officer’s children were assigned to the buildings after streets encouraged new residents Montview Elementary. All junior high students went to back funding for these schools. It worked well in to North Junior High School. the limited geographical area bounded by 25th and 1st Avenues, Yosemite Street and Sable Boulevard and These strategies came from the 1949 leadership team helped build a sense of community. that included Ruth E. Dalton and William C. Hinkley. Because administrative space was limited, their offices The year 1960 marked another important leadership were located n a high school building, and later moved challenge for public education. The October 1957 into two small rooms at the north end of Kenton launching of Sputnik by the Soviet Union caused Elementary School when it was completed in 1951. the country to be concerned for the need for science education The publication Aurora: Gateway to the Passing a bond election in 1950 and a later one for three Rockies, states: million dollars to fund the building of William Smith High School at 13th Avenue and Del Mar Parkway But if Sputnik shocked the nation, it also reinvigorated were major accomplishments. In 1951, a bond issue support for education--for the schools to produce the failed. The failure brought about an innovative idea scientists and engineers who might stem the supposed known as the Aurora School Authority (ASA) whose American decline, and perhaps even reverse it. The 5 people in Aurora shared the fundamental American In 1963 the school district began responding to growth belief that good neighborhood schools would provide east of Sand Creek by opening William C. Hinkley the bedrock for these achievements. Aurorans wanted High School on Chambers Road just south of Colfax quality schools, as shown by the overwhelming support Avenue, and several elementary schools including a they gave to almost annual increases in the public much larger Sable facility. In 1966, the first building school debt, as William Hinkley and his associates south of Alameda opened on Virginia Court, followed tried to keep pace with the ever expanding city. in 1967 by Wheeling Elementary.

With Sputnik came the realization that small rural Another factor that was an impetus for change began schools with one teacher for eight grades could not in 1966 with the federally funded program, Title I. provide comprehensive science education for their This mandated additional interventions in reading students. Colorado, among other states that had a and/or math for low-income students and involved significant number of rural school districts, became Aurora Central High School, West Junior High aggressive about encouraging consolidation. The districts School, and several elementary schools including the that impacted 28-J were Sable (including Clyde Miller private Catholic schools of St. Therese and St. Pius School), First Creek in Adams county, and Altura and parishes. Besides being a precursor of a variety of Toll Gate in Arapahoe county. The 1959 consolidation federal interventions, it marks one of the first times of Altura and Toll Gate was a fairly easy task although that low-income issues became a factor in decision- the Altura District increased the geographic size of the making for the Aurora school district. district from 13 to 31 square miles. The march of change continued and in the early 1960s In 1960, plans were afoot to expand the existing as minority students began to register, efforts to recruit Sable Elementary two-story, eight-room building. A minority teachers began. It was not until 1974 that any restraining order was issued to stop the new construction school had more than one non-Anglo on staff. In 1967 because of the impending district consolidation. The the first African-American teacher, Artimese Cowan, top floor was removed because of the deafening noise was hired to teach first grade at Crawford. Mrs. Cowan of air traffic from Stapleton Airport. Only two rooms retired in 1987 after 20 years of teaching, became the from the original building were incorporated into second African-American to serve on the Board of the current structure which has been remodeled and Education, and then became the Executive Director of enlarged numerous times. The original Clyde Miller the Colorado Retired School Employees Association. School building is now a church, the Altura building is used for an alternative education program, historic The Aurora of 1968 was remarkably different from Toll Gate was demolished, and the First Creek facility the community of 1949. In nineteen years the town has been remodeled into a duplex. had grown south and east with an enrollment that now exceeded 20,000 students. Over these years In 1955 the Administration Building was constructed Hinkley High School had been built “way out east” at 1085 Peoria Street which at that time was on the on Chambers Road, and a new development known eastern edge of the district. One of the benefits of as Aurora Hills had welcomed two elementary schools the superintendent’s job was that it provided a rent- and would soon be the site of Aurora Hills Middle free house just south and west of the William Smith School. That year brought the end of the leadership building. This house had been built as a project of of William Hinkley when he retired to become a full- the high school shop class under the direction of Mr. time lobbyist for all the school districts in Colorado “Slim” Place who later was appointed supervisor of APS spent the next few months under the leadership the building and grounds. The Hinkley’s continued of Thomas Pickens while the Board of Education to live in this house until his retirement in 1968. searched for a new superintendent.

The district at different times owned two houses used for temporary housing of new teachers. One was located at the corner of 16th Avenue and Fulton Street on the Central Grade School (Crawford) site, and the other, after 1955, on the site of Sixth Avenue Elementary. This house was later used as a preschool for many years until it was demolished after 1990. 6 Thomas Pickens, J . D . Leavitt, interim for six months 1970 - 1972 When William Hinkley retired, Thomas H. Pickens was In 1970 Aurora Public Schools came under the appointed acting superintendent. In 1960 Thomas H. supervision of Dr. J. D. Leavitt, a former superintendent Pickens had joined the Central Office staff as Assistant from Long Island, New York. At the time, the district’s Superintendent for Facilities. Mr. Pickens’ time was financial situation was questionable if not dire. One short, but he was instrumental in providing a smooth of the first of Dr. Leavitt’s tasks was to avert a teachers’ transition. His mission, as he saw it, was to see that strike at the eleventh hour by promising a millage everybody stayed within the budget, so that when a new increase which would be voted on in November 1970 superintendent was appointed, that superintendent to raise teacher salaries. Unfortunately, the tax increase would come to a district without a budget deficit. failed resulting in a difficult time for all employees. To save money classrooms were consolidated and student teacher-ratios increased in order to cut down on the number of staff. Veteran administrators were Roland Ingraham, reassigned to lesser positions. Often Dr. Leavitt would take on the supervision responsibilities himself 1968 - 1970 in order to cut administrative costs.

At this time the Board of Education wanted a visionary In response to budget shortfalls, Dr. Leavitt created leader and Roland Ingraham came to Aurora from the Building Manager team which was made up of two California with many new ideas. Just two years later, he people who each administered two sites. One was an would accept the position of Assistant Superintendent expert in instruction and the other an accountant- type of Schools in Tempe, Arizona. person with the responsibility of running two schools simultaneously. The principal took the leadership During his two years at the helm, Dr. Ingraham of focusing on working with teachers to improve began some major changes with his initial project of their instructional techniques. The accounting and transforming junior highs into middle school. He maintenance supervision areas were assigned to the began by educating district leaders on how this change building manager. Discipline fell to whoever of the might be accomplished. Unfortunately, he did not stay two was readily available. Acceptance and support in Aurora long enough to see the plan implemented. from the staff and parents was lacking because they believed no untrained person should manage the He moved the superintendent’s house to Strasburg into behavior of students. After nearly a year and a half a structure built by students. The Ingrahams lived in of struggle, a traditional format was reinstated in the Park East, at that time Aurora’s upscale neighborhood. two buildings where it had been piloted. At one point Among other changes that occurred during his brief the stress of declining resources led to a petition drive tenure was the retirement of Ruth E. Dalton to be a which gained several thousand signatures to push Dr. part-time supervisor of student teachers at Metropolitan Leavitt’s dismissal. The BOE did not dismiss him, but State College, the adoption of Aurora Public Schools did agree to a public forum to explain some of his ideas as the popular name of the school district (while for education which were radical for the time. One of retaining the official designation of Adams-Arapahoe which was his vision of connecting student placement Joint School District 28-J), and initiating an annual to skill mastery instead of grade level assignments. Dr. retirement dinner in 1968 for district employees. Leavitt left the district to go to Somerville, Massachusetts before his vision could be fully realized.

7 of new schools that included Jewell and Yale in 1977; Thomas H . Pickens, Dalton, Arkansas, and Vassar in 1979; Tollgate, Iowa, and a new Clyde Miller in 1981; Century in 1985; interim 1972 - 1974 and Side Creek in 1989. By this time, APS had begun to move away from naming a school for the street it A result of the departure in 1974 of Dr. Leavitt, Thomas faced. Century was named to celebrate the 100th H Pickens was reinstated as acting Superintendent. Mr. anniversary of the first school in Aurora established Pickens did not attempt to change things, but worked by William Smith, and Side Creek was named by a at restoring the operation. One issue that faced the committee of parents. Mrachek Middle School was superintendent’s office was a dress code for female named for Colonel Harry Mrachek, who had been employees. A group of women administrators asked to very involved in the establishment of the vocational wear a style called the “pant suit.” The group studying technical school at Sixth Avenue and Buckley Road. the suggestion failed to make a definitive decision and admitted to “skirting the issue.” The question soon The colonel’s wife, Ellen, was also influential in the became moot as times changed across the nation. district as a long-time member of the BOE, so the dedication was expanded to include the entire Mrachek With the hiring of a new superintendent, Mr. Pickens family. Schools named for people would eventually retired and served on the Board of Education. In include Martha B. Crawford Elementary, Ruth E. recognition of his dedication to the Aurora schools, Dalton Elementary, and William Smith High School. the vocational school was named Pickens Technical A process was clearly defined for opening new schools. School. At the ceremony, in reference to the school board policy of naming schools “in recognition of the The rapid growth of the district made moving contribution to education….or an outstanding citizen administrators from site to site necessary. A practice who is deceased or retired….for at least five years,” Mr. of this administration was to transfer elementary Pickens said, “”Thank you, but I feel fine.” administrators every five years. In 1980, it was necessary to hire five new elementary principals only one of whom was a current employee. This hiring, along with the opening of eight new elementary schools by 1981, John G . Stuart, brought about the change of leadership in all buildings. 1974 – 1988 Another change was to move consultants working out of 1085 Peoria from subject matter to a new role of After a few months, the BOE hired Dr. John curriculum coordinators in all subject areas, for several Goodspeed Stuart as Superintendent. He had come to buildings, on rotating schedules. At the middle school Denver from a position with the Secondary Principals level, administrators tended to be reassigned to different Association in Washington, D.C. Previously, he had locations as new buildings opened. worked in districts in Adams County School District #1 and in Gunnison schools before coming to In many ways, the organization was very fortunate to Aurora. He soon filled many positions with a trusted be in a continuing growth pattern throughout these cadre of appointees. Among those on his leadership years. At least growth was easier to accommodate team were doctors Gene Albo, Edward Brainard, Hal than cutbacks. At an earlier point cutbacks had been Sorweid and Victor Ross. A bond issue passed in 1974, necessary, and the process was difficult for all involved which funded the building of Dartmouth Elementary parties—students, staff, and parents. A number of located just north of Meadowood Park at the corner public meetings on school finances were held with of Dartmouth Avenue and Laredo Street. parents in attendance that after the first round of budget cutting, placed the blame for the budget A reorganization of the Division of instruction problems on the BOE. To avoid future personal took place in 1975. By this time, the middle school attacks, a process was developed that gathered input, structure was implemented, so the other three levels made recommendations by the committee, and issued of elementary school, high school, and vocational a formal report to the BOE, which reduced some of education were established. During this time of rapid the conflict from the budget process. growth, Dr. Stuart and his team developed a plan for funding new schools which earmarked funds for Another strategy for keeping the budget in line was material and furniture to ensure the smooth opening offering early retirement bonuses for employees who 8 retired after age 55 and before age 65. The bonus Dr. Stuart created a very stable environment for depended on a person’s age with more substantial APS during a period of great growth and change. amounts going to the younger retirees and brought He was instrumental in providing structure and about the retirement of several people who were at the organization to the rapidly growing school district. top of the salary schedule, who could be replaced with The establishment of written board policies and employees at a lower salary. administrative procedures based on input from those affected supported and coordinated change within Other milestones in the history of the district were the the school district as it moved from rural to suburban building of Gateway High School in 1972 and Rangeview as student enrollment burgeoned to 25,000. In the High School in 1983. In 1985, under the weight of a northern part, the district could be described as inter- heavy spring snow storm, the roof at Gateway collapsed city with high mobility of students between Denver during spring break. Gateway students and staff had and Aurora and the impacts of low-socioeconomics. to attend Rangeview for a year on a split schedule. Rangeview students attended in the morning, and He served as Superintendent longer than anyone Gateway students attended in the afternoon. except Mr. Hinkley. Under his guidance, the district created a system for adoption of text books and In 1978 the district had begun studying the other instructional materials. Standing and ad hoc implementation of a special program for advanced committees of parents, teachers, and others were students know as Aurora Gifted and Talented established to review and revise curriculum in each Education (AGATE). Originally, a separate room in subject area for recommendation for adoption by each of four elementary schools was set aside for these the Board of Education. Texts and other teaching students. Once a week for half a day, students came materials were purchased with a five-year replacement from their home schools to these centers. Over time, cycle. Teachers were expected to follow the adopted this concept spread. In 1999, an eight-room temporary curriculum with high expectations for the students. In building was opened on Mississippi Avenue. Summit addition, Dr. Stuart ensured: Academy, for grades 1-8, opened in August 2008 near the Pickens Technical College at Sixth Avenue and • Equity in employee salaries Airport Boulevard. • Equity in the distribution of available funds for schools and grade levels In the late 1970s, the northwest area began to • Avoidance of employment strikes experience a drop in enrollment. Public meetings were • Success in passing most of the bond and mill levy held to explain to the families that Paris Elementary issues students would be transferred to Montview and Park • Organizing an effective administrative team and Lane for the next school year. . Because of some recruiting qualified and capable people conservative parents’ concerns about the modern • Establishing in-service education opportunities trends in education, the Paris Elementary School • Canvassing employees and others to determine building was allowed to become a school of choice the needs and then trying to satisfy them and become Paris Fundamental Elementary School. • Attention to energy conservation by installing Parents from any Aurora school could apply for solar energy in many new schools admission for their student to take advantage of what was defined as a fundamental education. The school He and his team of administrators provided strong closed as a fundamental school in 1987 and reopened leadership to the Aurora Public Schools and upon as a neighborhood school the following year. his retirement, Dr. Stuart was named Superintendent Emeritus by the Aurora Board of Education. In 1976 Peoria Elementary School at Peoria Street and Del Mar Circle was closed as an elementary school and became a temporary annex for the over- crowded Aurora Central High School. Later the Peoria site housed William Smith High School When William Smith moved to its new location on Airport Boulevard, the school was remodeled and opened as the new Paris Elementary School.

9 Highly regarded for his writing skills, Dr. Ross was a Victor Ross, frequent contributor to national educational journals and magazines. He was the author of The Forbidden 1988 – 1992 Apple – Sex in the Schools which took on the issue of educators who crossed the line with students. In Three years before the retirement of Dr. Stuart, Dr. addition, he was selected by the Executive Educator Victor Ross had become Associate Superintendent Magazine for recognition as one of the Top 100 for Instructional Services. The board immediately Executive Educators in North America. appointed him superintendent and the transition was accomplished without an interim appointment. In 1987 and 1988, the district faced crippling defeats A significant factor in his selection was his belief in when a bond election and then a crucial mill-levy emphasizing test scores as a measure of educational override also did not pass. With the oil industry in success. For the first time, test scores were seriously shambles statewide, Aurora was facing great economic considered as a factor in long-range planning. Key challenges. When the override failed, the district was members of his leadership team were David Zeckser, forced to make cuts in art, music, physical education, David Hartenbach, Gene Albo, Edward Brainard, reduce gifted and talented programs, increase class Ken Vedra, Brian Donovan and Sue Clark. size and overhaul all spending in the district. After years of successful elections, growing enrollments and Dr. Ross believed in strong connections and prosperity, Aurora was faced with a time of scarcity open communications with staff, parents and the and turmoil. Although the district refocused and was community. He aggressively pursued strategies for able to rebound, these were challenging times for staff building relationships within the school district. He and parents. In 1990 the district passed a mill-levy held regular breakfasts with teachers before school override that provided better financial stability for the so they could have the opportunity to meet with the school district. superintendent and share their ideas for improving the school district. He also met with small groups In the early l990s, some district offices moved to the east of administrators for breakfast or lunch. He had the side of the district. The business and transportation district offer regular “See for Yourself Tours” that were offices moved to an area just east of Buckley Road open to parents and community members so they and south of Pickens Technical Center. The special could see all the positive things happening in their education office relocated to a building on 1st Avenue school district. In an effort to bring back the small and also housed Nutrition Services. In 1992, the school district attitude, he began one school year with Division of Instruction was moved to a building called an all staff meeting at Hinkley High School’s football Highline B near 1st Avenue and Chambers Road and field. The logistics were formidable and the activity held district in-services and meetings at that site. This was not repeated but staff praised the event which area is now actually much closer to the geographic served as a mini-reunion for everyone to get together center of the district than 1080 Peoria. and reconnect with colleagues who were now scattered across the large school district. Dr. Ross brought a In 1991, Dr. Ross authorized a significant move new focus on individual employees when he decided toward bringing the senior population into the fold as recognition awards should be presented to deserving school district advocates. He implemented a program staff members. In addition, a program was developed called the Senior Tax Exchange Program (STEP). This for employees to receive service pins reflecting their put the district in the role of recruiting homeowners years with the school district. over the age of 60 to work as volunteers in schools. They received a tax rebate figured at the rate of the Under Dr. Ross’ leadership, the Aurora Education minimum wage not to exceed the amount paid in taxes Foundation (AEF) was founded. In the mid-1980s to the school district. This program was instrumental this was a brand new idea for education to create a in building a strong group of advocates for the Aurora separate entity to support and help public education. Public Schools in the northeast section of the school Early in its operation, Mrs. Debbie Lynch was chosen district and in the Heather Gardens retirement as the executive director and created a very successful community. The intention was to ensure that bond program that formed a bridge between the school issues would have the support in these areas which did district, parents and the community. not have many school-age children. Aurora was not the first district in Colorado to implement this concept. 10 John Dale headed the local program and helped start defacto deputy superintendent. This person was to this program in other Front Range communities as handle whatever needed to be done to ensure the well as in Kansas, and one in Wisconsin which receive goals of the board and superintendent were fulfilled, national recognition from the School Public Relations whether it was establishing year-round schools, the Professional Association. implementation of intercession classes during fall and spring break, or coordinating projects that crossed After five years, Dr. Ross retired to write and work over different departments and divisions. in the private sector. The BOE almost immediately appointed David Hartenbach as Superintendent. Another of Dr. Hartenbach’s strengths was his talent as a public speaker, a carry-over from his Jesuit education. He was always available and eager to speak to groups seven days a week on issues surrounding public David L . Hartenbach, education. It was also important to Dr. Hartenbach to be connected and involved regularly scheduled visits 1992 - 2002 at least annually to every school and site and spent time in classrooms interacting with students and work Dr. Dave Hartenbach had a long and productive sites connecting with employees. During this era, career in the district starting with his position of the Colorado Student Assessment Program (CSAP) principal at Hinkley High School and culminating in became a factor in assessing the effectiveness of public the superintendent position. In between he had done schools. The major impact of this would not be fully yeoman’s service as Director of High Schools, Assistant realized until the next superintendent’s tenure, but Superintendent for Facilities, the issue of testing and and Assistant Superintendent the use of test scores to for Instruction. Under his judge the effectiveness of leadership, the next ten years schools became a factor brought orderly and calm in the late 1990s. problem solving. Members of his leadership team included A major challenge for the David Zeckser, Sandra Shreve, school district was the Bob Adams, Rod Weeks, influx of Spanish speakers Joanie Ott, Sue Clark, Debbie into the northwest area Lynch and Brian Donovan. and a dramatic increase in the need to help students With the involvement of staff, become proficient in parents and the community, English. In a short span Dr. Hartenbach led the of a few years, the district district in the development of David Hartenback meets with a group of students. saw its Latino population a mission and plan based on increase dramatically. performance outcomes to ensure greater success for A director for English Language Acquisition to help students. His restructuring efforts were four-pronged the district respond to the needs of so many students and focused on strategic planning, shared decision whose first language was not English. During this making, performance-based education and performance- time, increasing enrollment led to the Federal Aviation based graduation requirements. Dr. Hartenbach’s Administration Building at 15th Avenue and Hanover philosophy was that better decisions can be made when Street being remodeled into a kindergarten though stakeholders are given the opportunity to be part of fifth grade school (K-5) that opened in August, 2000, as those decisions. Performance standards were based on Fletcher Elementary School. content proficiencies and were supported by five learner outcomes: self-directed learners, collaborative workers, One strategy to help students reach proficiency was complex thinkers, community contributors and quality a special intersession offered at no charge to parents producers. during fall and spring breaks to allow additional instructional time.. Unfortunately, despite the need, One of his early decisions was to create a new position attendance was poor as parents and students chose of Executive Director of Organizational Support, a vacation time rather than academic time. Later, 11 schools were awarded grants for after-school reading The Superintendent increased his involvement in and math instruction blocks. supervision by visiting sites with a team of instructional improvement specialists who helped building In 1995 Dr. Hartenbach was named the Colorado principals develop school improvement plans. At his Superintendent of the year and has been recognized by direction a variety of new strategies were implemented. the Aurora Chamber of Commerce as the Humanitarian The expansion of instructional improvement caused of the year and the University of Northern Colorado the district to cancel both the comprehensive city- as an Outstanding Leader in Education. After wide summer school and the evening adult education leaving the school district, he directed the Teacher in program. This high level of focus on instruction took Residence Program at Metropolitan state College in away from some of the superintendent’s involvement Denver and then became one of the driving forces in in traditional roles such as rallying volunteers in a creating School Leaders for Colorado, a non-profit bond election campaign and speaking at service clubs, educational leadership program connected with the and put him in the classroom working directly with University of Colorado that offers an alternative students and teachers. licensing program for school administrators.

Dr. Hartenbach believes that the continued work of the employees of Aurora Public Schools to educate all students shows that his contributions continue to be valued. “Dr. H,” as he was often called, admired the work of former Superintendent John Stuart and got his greatest reward from watching employees grow in their roles. He hopes that future leaders will develop a vision and draw on the learning community to develop a district-wide plan for widely-recognized excellence. Hopefully, these thoughts will help future Aurora Public School leaders understand why Dr. David Hartenbach’s years as superintendent of Aurora Public Schools were so highly productive and he was so highly regarded. Bob Adams working with a student.

Due to an emphasis on improving student achievement, test scores remained stable during a time of rapidly Robert Adams, changing demographics. The impact of mobility and non-English speaking students on test scores 2002 - 2006 continued to be a major challenge. Another major change in the school district was the building of two When Dr. Hartenbach retired, his replacement, Dr. new schools east of the core city. Murphy Creek and Robert Adams, was a familiar face to the organization. Aurora Frontier were opened in 2005 and 2006 as K-8 He came to Aurora from Eagle County as a high schools. school principal when he was hired as the Director of Employee Relations and later became Assistant Dr. Adams practiced a hands-on administration. Superintendent for Human Resources. By this time His stated goal was to improve student learning and the Colorado Student Achievement Program was in achievement. He understood that the world of the full force, and it became Dr. Adams’ role to oversee Aurora Public Schools had changed and that traditional strategies to improve test scores. Superintendent methods had to be rethought. He developed a cadre Adams and the staff were charged with improving of professional teacher coaches to assist teachers in test scores and could not rest on the district’s past improving their practice. Teachers evaluated on-going successes, but were faced with implementing strategies assessments to plan differentiated instruction to meet that would work. Members of his leadership team the individual needs of their learners. Dr. Adams included Debbie Backus, Tony Van Gytenbeek, believed that the superintendent was the catalyst for Anthony Sturges, Georgia Durán, Rod Weeks and change and improvement. He worked very hard on Brian Donovan. this goal by serving as a part of the team that visited 12 schools. His philosophy was “the district only exists the district. His appointment brought about many because of children no matter whom they are or changes in the operation of the district; both physical where they come from.” He enjoyed working directly and instructional. with students and staff to improve student learning. This direct approach brought about remarkable Mr. Barry’s broad range of experiences in the military changes in the way schools functioned. When Dr. prepared him well to take on the leadership of Aurora Adams became superintendent, seven schools were Public Schools, which had over 33,000 students and performing at an unsatisfactory level according to nearly 5,000 employees by 2006. The population CSAP scores. By 2007, this number was reduced to was 72% students of color, 39% of whom did not one, which is a remarkable achievement in light of have English as their first language, 69% on free or Aurora’s demographic changes. reduced lunch, and a 40% mobility rate. Test scores were among the lowest in the state, and the need for Dr. Adams considers State Superintendent of Schools change was immediate. Cal Frazier, former Superintendent David Hartenbach, Assistant Superintendent for Instruction Deborah Backus, Aurora Education Association President Gary Hoy, Levant Caszatt, and Chuck Schwahn as major influences on his development as a leader.

In 2002 the largest bond authorization in the history of the district passed. The voters authorized $225 million and, through sound management within the district, another $25 million was available. Revenue from the 2002 bond authorization has resulted in all schools being air-conditioned. Older buildings received much-need upgrading, new schools were built and the use of technology was expanded To John Barry with rebound graduates. meet the demands of a modern society. In 2002 the largest bond authorization in the history of the district passed. Boston Elementary has been remodeled with In 2004, Mr. Barry was a fellow at the Broad Academy a planned opening for September 2008. for School Superintendents, where he spent 10 months visiting nine major urban areas and studying the state The emphasis on instructional improvement has laid of urban school districts. The foundation’s mission is the groundwork for future gains, and many schools to dramatically improve K-12 urban education through have improved scores. Future plans include building better governance, management, labor relations, and a new high school on the east side of the district. competition. He also attended Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government in 1993 and 1994 In the spring of 2006, Dr. Adams retired and moved and was a White House Fellow in 1995 and 1996. to Arizona. He will be remembered for his integrity and willingness to face tough issues. One of the first things Barry did upon assuming the superintendency was to undertake a listening tour to learn from staff, students, parents and the community what was needed to make Aurora Public John Barry, Schools a world class district. The result was the strategic plan, VISTA 2010. VISTA 2010 contains 2006 – Present a vision and mission and clearly outlines goals with specific measureable objectives, actions and timelines The search for a new superintendent was extensive for realizing that vision. The primary focus of the and involved significant input from the community. strategic plan is student achievement, which serves In July 2006, the appointment of retired Two-Star as the district’s constant compass. The plan is the Major General John L. Barry was announced. The compelling guide that sets direction and provides a Board of Education chose Mr. Barry because they common mission that supports a common purpose. wanted someone who would be a change agent for 13 VISTA 2010 clearly states that the organization’s Technical Center was renamed Pickens Technical vision is to: “Graduate every student with the choice College. This facility serves APS and other school to attend college without remediation.” It outlines districts, including Cherry Creek, Bennett, Strasburg core values such as respect, integrity, compassion, and Byers. As the student population shifts toward diversity, and excellence, clearly articulates how these the east, the population center of the school district values fit in the long-range plans, and sets goals in the may shift again. As the size of the district continues broad areas of people, achievement, community, and to expand, especially to the east and south, school environment. buses have become more common for transporting students. On an average day in 2007, district school The appointment of a deputy superintendent to handle buses logged 6,000 miles on their appointed rounds day-to-day operations allows the superintendent time from the bus barn on Airport Boulevard. for greater involvement within the community. A gifted speaker, he is always available to present the Mr. Barry clearly wants to accelerate student vision of the district to community organizations and achievement and sees that as the measure of success. business leaders. He works long hours to be a visible He genuinely enjoys being with students. He admires force in Aurora. David Hartenbach for his down-to-earth approach to understanding the need for realistic solutions that Another significant change was moving the district guarantee the success of public schooling. The people headquarters to the physical center of the district, who he counts as his greatest helpers are members of close to First Avenue and Chambers Road. In 2006 the APS Board of Education and Leadership Team this became the district’s central office area, with three and key education leaders in the community such as buildings designated Educational Services Center Linda Bowman, President of the Community College 1, 2 and 3. The building at 1085 Peoria became of Aurora. John Barry views VISTA 2010 as the most known as Educational Services Center 4. Offices important accomplishment of his first two years at the such as Construction Management, Maintenance helm of APS. This comprehensive strategic plan covers and Operations and Environmental Compliance all operations of the district and focuses instructional are housed on Airport Boulevard. In 2007 Pickens improvement based on the collection and use of data.

History Update: Jan . 2008 – April 2012 Building on the strong foundation of VISTA 2010, APS adopted a new strategic plan, VISTA 2015, in August 2010. VISTA 2015 reflects the district’s dedication, determination and collaboration to prepare students for success in the 21st century. The APS mission to teach every student, within a safe environment, the knowledge, skills and values to enter college or a career and become a contributing member of society who flourishes in a diverse, dynamic world is inspired by the APS vision and shaped by its values.

Through the VISTA 2010 and VISTA 2015 strategic plans, APS has made several notable accomplishments: • Academic and Career Pathways—APS students at eighteen schools now have the opportunity to explore careers and fields of study based on their own interests and motivations. By 2015, every school will offer one or more of the four academic and career pathways: Arts and Communication; Business; Health Sciences; and Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM). • Community Workforce Planning Team—APS has partnered with local organizations, including workforce development, industry, economic development and higher education, to create the Community Workforce Planning Team. The CWPT has worked with APS to develop a five-year plan that will be the cornerstone for the development of academic and career pathways. • Equity and Family Engagement—At the start of the 2008-09 school year, APS created a new division, Equity and Family Engagement. The Chief Equity and Engagement Officer now serves on the Superintendent’s Leadership Team and oversees programs including the APS equity initiative, truancy reduction and Positive Behavior Intervention and Support (PBiS). • Truancy reduction—During the past five years, the percentage of APS students who were habitually truant has decreased from 15.2% to 10%.

14 • Drop-out rates—Drop rates in APS have decreased for five straight years—dropping from 10% in 2005-06 to 6% in 2010-11. • Graduation rate increases—The four year on-time graduation rate for 2010-11 was 48.5%, an increase of 3% over the 2009-10 school year (54.5% excluding alternative schools). The five year graduation rate for APS students was 56.1%, an increase of 3.7% over the 2009-10 school year (63.4% excluding alternative schools). • CSAP achievement gains—From 2006 to 2011, Aurora Public Schools CSAP proficiency scores have increased 3.9 percent while the state scores increased 1.9 percent.

Another significant achievement was the passage of a $215 million bond measure and a $14.7 million mill levy override in November 2008. Aurora Public Schools employed grassroots efforts to educate voters about the election measures and gain voter support. In partnership with a citizens’ campaign committee, Superintendent Barry and the Board of Education reached out to the community through a speakers bureau, door-to-door campaigning, and numerous community events. Aurora Public Schools passed both measures despite the fact that 52 percent of such measures failed in other Colorado school districts.

In 2011, the APS Leadership Team experienced significant changes due to the retirement or departure of several LT members, including the Deputy Superintendent, Chief Academic Officer, Chief Personnel Officer, Chief Equity and Engagement Officer and Chief Financial Officer. The current Leadership Team includes Former Chief Academic Officer William Stuart, who serves as Deputy Superintendent. The Leadership Team continues to focus on the VISTA 2015 commitment of preparing every APS student for college, careers and overall success in life.

15 Appendix I: Consolidation of school districts that became part of Adams-Arapahoe Joint School District 28-J

First Creek: now used as a private residence

Clyde Miller: established as a one-room building called Duffy School at Colfax Avenue and Tower Road; moved to a five-room building on 26th Avenue east of Tower Road in 1955; in 1981 this building was sold to a church and a new school was built at 1701 Espana Street.

Altura: area from Chambers Road to Laredo Street was called Altura but was not incorporated; in the 1970s the building was used as a satellite Arapahoe County Court House; currently renamed Alternative Center and now used for secondary education; new elementary school building opened in 1964 using the same name

Sable: at one time an eight-room two-story structure; in 1960 the upper story was removed because of intolerable airplane noise from Stapleton Airport; original building incorporated into the current structure

Toll Gate: in the vicinity of Mississippi Avenue and Chambers Road; the building later served as headquarters for Comitis (a center for youth in crisis, later relocated to 17th Avenue and Del Mar Parkway, and currently is in a remodeled building at Fitzsimons); demolished; the building currently called Tollgate is all one word.

16 Appendix II: School Names

Elementary Schools Date Reason for Name Altura 1964 historic area; originally a small settlement Arkansas 1979 facing street Boston 1956 facing street Century 1985 celebrating 100th birthday of Aurora Public Schools Clyde Miler 1981 long-time Adams County Commissioner Crawford 1892 long-time first grade teacher, Martha B. Crawford Dalton 1979 long-time teacher administrator, Ruth Dalton Dartmouth 1975 facing street Elkhart 1963 facing street Fletcher 2000 original name of Aurora Aurora Frontier 2006 selected by student body Fulton 1952 facing street Iowa 1981 facing street Jamaica 1956 facing street Jewell 1977 facing street Kenton 1951 facing street Lansing 1959 facing street Laredo 1967 facing street Lyn Knoll 1964 subdivision area Montview 1951 facing street Murphy Creek 2005 subdivision area Paris 1956/2006 facing street Park Lane 1959 facing street Peoria 1954 facing street Aurora Quest Academy 1999 special function Sable 1885 facing street Side Creek 1987 parent input Sixth Avenue 1955 nearby street Tollgate 1981 historic name Vassar 1979 facing street Vaughn 1951 facing street Virginia Court 1964 facing street Wheeling 1965 facing street Yale 1977 facing street

Middle Schools Year Reason for Name Aurora Hills 1974 subdivision area Columbia 1982 facing street East 1965 general area Mrachek 1975 family North 1958 general area South 1960 general area West 1950 general area

High Schools Date Reason for Name Aurora Central 1960 first high school Gateway 1972 city slogan Hinkley, William C 1963 superintendent from 1949-1968 Rangeview 1983 view of the front range Pickens, Thomas H. 1972 interim superintendent (twice) and BOE member 17 Appendix III: Chronological list of Superintendents

1922 – 1936 Jack McCollough 1934 – 1939 Carl A. Hansen 1939 – 1942 John McConnell 1942 – 1949 Ray Moorehead 1949 – 1968 William C. Hinkley 1968 Thomas H. Pickens, appointed interim 1968 – 1970 Rollio Ingraham 1970 – 1972 Urban Leavitt 1972 – 1974 Thomas H. Pickens, appointed interim 1974 – 1988 John G. Stuart 1988 – 1992 Victor Ross 1992 – 2002 David Hartenbach 2002 – 2006 Robert Adams 2006 – John Barry

18 Appendix IV: School Board Members

E.G. Smith Patricia P. Lord Current Board 2009 William Smith Janice Schauf-Naff Matthew Cook ...... President William Phebus Richard J. Merritt Jeanette Carmany ...... Vice President Jay T. Chapin Robert N. Donaldson Jane Barber Secretary Dr. Jay Bouton Ruth M. Whitmore Peter Cukale ...... Treasurer I.J. Sollenberger Artimese B. Cowan Judith Edberg ...... Director Dr. F.M. Shipman Stephen Hungerford Mary Lewis Director Arnold Targerson Gerald (J.C.) Cummings Amy Prince Director John L. Cleaves John Richards W.C. Hancock Barbara Johnson Bern Hall Madolyn Paroske C.L. Harrison Barbara Yamrick Bush J. Loucks Debbie Barton Mae Kloppel Steve Metzger Carl Peery Willie Jones Delbert Allen Steve Warstler Ethel Kathryns Marc Huebl William Final Smith Susan Tabacheck Foster Putney Matthew Cook Maurice Bauer Jeanette Carmany Anita Bryant Judith Edberg Bert Purse Jane Barber Hazel Sterling Peter Cukale Pauline Lincoln Mary Lewis Orville Schisler Amy Prince Keith Mauck George Garrison Margaret Means Donald Sessions Ellin Mrachek Dr. Robert H. Hughes LeRoy G. Krieger Tracy N. Burt John S. Craig Walter O. Epting Paul W. Schairer William A. Davis Glenna James DeWitte C. Gordon Douglas A. Johnson Doyle K. Seawright Daniel Tauriello T.H. Pickens Dr. Edward L. Lord Douglas A. Johnson Glenna G. James Larry L. Yates Jeanette Ray-Goins Joseph D. Basile Dr. Santos C. Vega 19 Appendix V: State Champions

1960 Boys’ Gymnastics Aurora Central 1961 Boys’ Gymnastics Aurora Central 1963 Boys’ Gymnastics Aurora Central 1963 Baseball Aurora Central 1964 Boys’ Gymnastics Aurora Central 1967 Boys’ Gymnastics Aurora Central 1969 Baseball Aurora Central 1972 Boys’ Gymnastics Aurora Central 1978 Boys’ Gymnastics Aurora Central 1979 Baseball Hinkley 1980 Boys’ Gymnastics Aurora Central 1981 Girls’ Track and Field Aurora Central 1982 Girls’ Track and Field Aurora Central 1983 Boys’ Wrestling Aurora Central 1983 Boys’ Basketball Aurora Central 1985 Boys’ Basketball Rangeview 1986 Boys’ Track and Field Aurora Central 1987 Boys’ Cross Country Rangeview 1987 Girls’ Track and Field Aurora Central 1988 Girls’ Track and Field Aurora Central 1989 Girls’ Track and Field Aurora Central 1990 Girls’ Cross Country Rangeview 1993 Softball Gateway 1994 Boys’ Basketball Hinkley 1994 Girls’ Soccer Rangeview 1997 Football Hinkley 1998 Boys’ Basketball Hinkley

20 Appendix VI: Prominent APS Graduates

Name Description High School Steve Burkholder Mayor of Lakewood Central Terry Campbell Caron Educator Central Michael Coffman Co. State Treasurer Central Dina Cowan Berta Journalist Central Rick Crandall Television News Central Sara Dale Educator Central Charles Gibbens Educator Gateway Dave Gonzales Power lifter Central Robert Hagerdorn State Senator Central Joann Hart Compton Architect Central Rear Admiral Michelle Howard Rear Admiral - US Navy Gateway John Huggins Entrepreneur Central Patrick Johnson Architect Central Edward Lord Medical Doctor Aurora High Patricia Lord Community Activist Aurora High Lane Lyon TV News Anchor Rangeview Pamela McClain Periodontist Central Maribeth Messervey-Hunt Nobel Prize Winner Hinkley William Ritter, Jr. Governor of Colorado Gateway Jean Ritter Colorado First Lady Gateway Clyde Rucker Entrepreneur Gateway Margaret Sandoval Ott Educator Aurora High Steve Seybold Computer Science Central JoAnne Sterling Avery Long time resident of Aurora Aurora High Anthony Sturges Educative Admin. Hinkley John Tipton Law Professor Central Craig Truman Attorney Central David Von Drehle Columnist Gateway

From JoAnne Sterling Avery – long time resident of Aurora I was fortunate to be able to go through the Aurora School System from Grades 1-12. 1. My 1st grade teachers was Mrs. Crawford whose classroom was in the basement. One day I looked out the window and my little dog was looking in. Trixie had followed me to school! Mrs. Crawford showed compassion and understanding by letting me get Trixie and put her under my desk for the rest of the day. 2. The schools were overcrowded when I was in 7th and 8th grades. We had our “own school” in a cinderblock building (may have been the old shop building) just each of William Smith High School. We felt a little like orphans. 3. The new Aurora High School was opened in 1951 and our Class of 1953 felt special as we were the first to graduate having gone all 3 years in the new school.

Aurora High School – 1953

21 Appendix VI: Prominent APS Graduates

From Dina Berta From Terry Campbell Caron Journalist Dina Cowan Berta is a product of the Aurora Terry Campbell Caron is a true Aurora native. Public Schools., having attended Vaughn and Montview She was born at Fitzsimons Army Medical Center. elementary schools, North Middle School and Aurora She attended Crawford Elementary School, West Central High School where she graduated in 1979. Junior High School and Aurora Central High School, graduating in 1975. Born with severe Dina currently is a senior editor for Nation’s Restaurant hearing impairment, Terry had to be taught how News, a weekly national trade publication based in New to use the hearing she has and how to speak. She York that covers the restaurant industry. As Rocky credits the APS Special Education Department Mountain Bureau chief, she reports on foodservice for helping her succeed in school and in life . . . happenings in Colorado and surrounding states. She also writes about human resources issues in the industry. Despite her counselors telling her that because of her hearing impairment that she should not go to Dina received a bachelor’s degree in journalism from the college, but, “just get a job an work”, she went to University of Missouri at Columbia in 1983. She lives in attend Colorado State University and graduated Denver with her husband and teenage son. with a Bachelors degree in Communication Disorders. Her Master degree from Webster “I credit my elementary, junior and high school teachers University is in Management and Human with encouraging me to write. From my second-grade Relations. teacher Mrs. Glenn who praised my colorful adjective- filled sentences to my high school English teacher Mrs. Terry started her 25 year career at the Community Bailey who submitted my work in writing contests, my College of Aurora in 1982. She served in a teachers in APS helped me to believe in myself and realize number of different positions, but the position I had talent for writing. that she held the longest and was the most dear to her heart, was Coordinator of Disability Services, “After a Mizzou graduate visited my journalism class at working with students with disabilities. In this Aurora Central, I decided I would go there and pursue a role she worked closely with professionals in the career in journalism. I remain a writer today, almost 30 Special Education Departments from both Aurora years later”. and Cherry Creek Public Schools to ensure students with disabilities had the opportunity to Aurora Central – 1979 go to college.

In 2007, after Terry’s long and devoted career with From Steve Burkholder – former Mayor of the Community College of Aurora, she retired, Lakewood fulfilling her long time dream of retiring at 50. She Steve Burkholder is the executive director of a Colorado continues to work in the Aurora community to private non-profit. He was the Mayor of Lakewood, 1999- make her hometown a better place for everyone. 2007. He served on boards of directors for both private and public institutions. Aurora Central High School – 1975

Steve Attributes his desire for community involvement and passion for life-long learning to the solid educational opportunities presented to him as a student in the Aurora Public Schools.

Steve and his wife, Anne, have been married 43 years.

Aurora Central High School – 1959 22 Appendix VI: Prominent APS Graduates

From Mike Coffman – Colorado State From Sara R . Dale – Teachers Treasurer Being raised by APS educators, John and Anne Dale, From 1972 – 1994, Mike Coffman served in the U.S. impacted me greatly. During my K-12 schooling in Army, the U.S. Army Reserve, the U.S. Marine Corps, APS, I felt inspired by many, including Sue Hensler and the Marine Corps Reserve. and Connie Anderson at Peoria Elementary, and Pat Thorpe at Central High. Their encouragement to From 1998 – 2006, Mike served as State Representative, think independently guided my education at Colorado State Senator and State Treasurer. Most recently, he College and continues in my own teaching today. is serving as Secretary of State. He took 2 leaves of absence during public service to serve on active duty Aurora Central – 1981 in the Middle East. He retired from military service after 20 years of service. From Charles Gibbens Aurora Central High School After taking several years off after high school, I decided to attend college. It was then that I realized how strong my education was from Aurora Public From Joann Hart Compton – Architect Schools. I did not have to take remedial courses. I I have been fortunate to create a wonderful family and was prepared for college level work. Since then I have challenging construction career while exploring some earned a master’s degree and am currently completing interesting parts of the world. This success is due to a my Doctorate in Educational Leadership. The staff foundation provided by my close knit family, humble and faculty at Gateway High School, through their beginnings in Hoffman Heights at Peoria Elementary dedication, professionalism and caring prepared me School with many dedicated teachers following, a to be the educator I am today. supportive community, a sense of adventure, and the abilities to use money wisely and learn from my Gateway High School – 1982 mistakes.

Aurora Central High School – 1975 From Dave Gonzales – Teacher 1979 – Aurora Central Graduate 1984 – BS Degree Physical Education University of From Rick Crandall – KESW Northern Colorado In May of 1974, as a senior at Aurora Central High 1994 – Master of Science Degree Exercise Science School, a drama teacher named Richard Moosmann Chapman University, CA saw something in me that I didn’t, and cast me in the 1984 – Present – Teaching and and coaching in Denver lead role of the Sound of Music. I’ve been in front of Public School and Aurora Public School systems. a microphone ever since. Dave has been married 17 years to wife Cyndie - also Aurora Central High School – 1974 an APS graduate of Gateway / class of 1985. Two children: son Max 8 and daughter Rikki 13 - both attend Frontier (APS).

Hobbies: World and National champion drug-free power lifter competing in USAPL federation.

Aurora Central High School – 1979

23 Appendix VI: Prominent APS Graduates

From Patrick Johnson – Architect From Rear Admiral Michelle Howard Patrick Johnson attended 6th Avenue, South and Rear Admiral Michelle Howard is a 1978 graduate Central APS schools. After graduation from CU, of Gateway High School in Aurora, Colorado. She became an architect and has worked on many graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1982 community based buildings in the area. Patrick and from the Army’s Command and General Staff married his high school sweetheart, Taya, and resided College in 1998, with a Masters in Military Arts and in Littleton with their three children. Patrick is a Schiences. Principal at H&L Architecture. Rear Adm. Howard’s initial sear tours were in USS Aurora Cental High School – 1985 Hunley (AS 31) and USS Lexington (AVT 16). While serving onboard Lexington, she received the Secretary of the Navy/Navy League Captain Winifred Collins From Bob Hagerdorn – Colorado State award in May 1987. Legislator State Senator Bob Hagerdorn (D-Aurora), Chair, She took command of USS Rushmore (LSD 47) on Senate Health and Human Services Committee – 12 March 1999, becoming the first African American 1970 Graduate of Aurora Central High School. woman to command a ship in the U.S. Navy.

From his involvement in the school yearbook and Her shore assignments include, Course Coordinator/ newspaper, Bob Hagerdorn pursued a bachelor’s Instructor for the Steam Engineering Office of the degree in journalism from the University of Colorado, Watch course, Actional Officer and Navy’s liaison to School of Journalism (BS, ’74). As a working journalist, the Defencse Advisory Committee on Women in the he covered, among other areas, local government. In Military Services in the Beureau of Personnel; Action 1979, Hagerdorn received a masters degree in urban Office J-3, Global Operations, Readiness on the Joint affairs, and did doctoral work in public policy, all at Staff from 2001-2003; Executive Assistant to the Joint CU-Denver, Graduate School of Public Affairs. He Staff Director of Operations from February 2003 was elected to the Colorado House of Representative to February 2004; and Deputy Director N3 on the in 1992, and then to the Colorado State Senate, where OPNAV staff from December 2005 to July 2006. he is chair of the Senate Health and Human Services and is recognized as one of the most knowledgeable She was the Deputy Director, Expeditionary Warfare legislators on healthcare policy, insurance and reform, Division, OPNAV staff from July 2006 to December in addition, he’s a nationally-ecognized legislative 2006, and currently serves as the Senior Military leader in the ara of health information technology. Assistant to the Secretary of the Navy.

Aurora Central High School – 1970 Quoted from the United States Navy Bio

Aurora Gateway High School – 1978

24 Appendix VI: Prominent APS Graduates

From John J . Huggins – Entrepreneur From Dr . Edward (Ed) Lord – Gynecologist I grew up in Aurora, attending Peoria Elementary, One of my greatest accomplishments has been sharing South Junior and Aurora Central High Schools, the trust, respect and love for thousands of patients graduating from Central in 1976. I then attended for 38 years. A great family has given me support, the University of Chicago and the Kennedy School education has provided tools, and a wonderful of government at Harvard. I have worked in both community has shared their lives with me. Giving the public and private sectors, for local government back to the community has been my way of giving in community and economic development and as an thanks to all those families. entrepreneur. I co-founded an internet company that developed what is today known as streaming media. Aurora High School – 1956

I had many great teachers in Aurora. Two stand out in particular: Connie Anderson, for sixth grade, who From Patricia Lord – Community Activist taught me to be aware and interested in the world of Education and had work have enabled me throughout politics and government, and Betty Lee Jacobs, for my life to enjoy activities which interest me and to help high school English, who introduced me to the world my community. The criteria for achievement include of arts and ideas beyond Aurora. These teachers gave family support, success in school and a multitude of me a wonderful sense of self determination, curiosity, friends. Always do your best, keep your word and get and confidence that have been key ingredients in my involved in your community, state and country. work. Aurora High School – 1956 Aurora Central High School – 1976

From Lane Lyon – TV news anchor From Meribeth Hunt – Scientist Lane Lyon attended Dalton Elementary, Columbia Hunt graduated from Hinkley High School in 1968. Middle and Rangeview High School. A 6th grader She earned bachelor’s degrees in political science when he discovered his love of journalism and video from Nebraska Wesleyan University and in chemistry technology, Lane graduated from Colorado State in from the University of Colorado. Hunt works for 1994. Lane’s broadcast career took him to Minnesota, the United Nations International Atomic Agency in Idaho, and Utah before returning home to Colorado Vienna, Austria. In 2005, Hunt and the IAEA earned and KMGH-TV in 2004. the Nobel Prize for Peace for their efforts to ensure that nuclear energy is used safely and for peaceful Rangeview High School – 1988 purposes. Hunt’s father, John Messervey, is a former Aurora Central High School principal.

Aurora Hinkley High School – 1968

25 Appendix VI: Prominent APS Graduates

From Pamela Kay McClain, D .D .S – From Margaret (Peggy) Sandoval Ott Periodontist Margaret is a true product of the Aurora Public Schools. Pamela Kay Schallhorn, the fourth of six children to She started first grade in 1935 and graduated in 1947 Dr. Robert and Mrs. JoAnn Schallhorn, moved to from William Smith High School. As a student, she Aurora, Colorado in 1965. After attending Lansing had the opportunities for many rolls from plays to Elementary, South Junior High and graduating from president of clubs, and editor of the annual. School Aurora Central High School in 1976, I completed was her foundation because she grew up in foster my undergraduate degree in Dental Hygiene at the homes. She married her High School sweetheart in University of Colorado Health Sciences Center. I was 1947. She received her BA and MA from the University always passionate about learning and was fortunate to of Colorado and her doctorate from the University of have many role models at home and in the classroom. Northern Colorado. She worked as a school secretary Numerous APS teachers made a difference in my life. for Aurora before she received her BA and MA from They all had different teaching styles but they loved the University of Colorado and her doctorate from what they were doing, had high expectations, and the University of Northern Colorado. She then began knew how to motivate their students. teaching 4th grade at Peoria School in 1960 and later became a guidance counselor. She went into I married my high school sweetheart, Michael John administration and served as a teaching consultant, McClain. My desire for more education pushed me to was on the first team to open a Middle School; She consider a career in teaching. Taking my father’s advice, received an appointment to the American Association I completed my dental career Magna Cum Laude at of School Administration as executive Assistant in the top of my class including earning a certificate in 1976-77. She opened a new school, Vassar, in 1980 Periodontics. After completing my graduate program I served as Assistant Superintendent. She retired as a joined my father’s practice in Aurora in 1987. I lecture Principal after 30 years at Aurora Public Schools. She on a variety of topics throughout the world, have been taught at Metro State College for a time. Margaret president of my regional professional organization is now fully retired, living in Virginia with her artist and sit on the Board of Trustees for my national husband Charles Ott of 62 years, near her musician organization. Being married to my best friend, raising son Daryl, 5 grand children and one great grandchild. three beautiful children and loving a profession is The foundation and constant care of the staff of the more rewarding than I could ever imagine. Aurora Schools gave Margaret her life and career.

Aurora High School – 1947

26 Appendix VI: Prominent APS Graduates

From Bill Ritter – Governor of Colorado From Jeannie Lewis Ritter Bill Ritter Jr. was elected as Colorado’s 41st governor Jeannie Lewis Ritter was born on May 23, 1956 in in 2006 – the first Colorado-born governor in more Portsmouth, Virginia. The family lived in Texas, than 35 years. Georgia, California, Washington, Rhode Island, and North Carolina, before settling in Colorado in 1972. Governor Ritter has quickly established Colorado as a national leader in renewable energy by creating a New Jeannie met Bill Ritter during their junior year at Energy Economy and doubling the state’s renewable Gateway High School in Aurora, and the two began energy portfolio. dating as seniors. The first member of her immediate family she graduated the University of Northern He is reforming national resource issues, bringing Colorado in Greeley, in 1978 with a degree in special great balance, requiring responsible development and education. ensuring the protection of our air, land, water, wildlife and communities. In 1990 Jeannie, Bill, and their two young children returned to Colorado where their third son, Sam, and The sixth of 12 children, Governor Ritter was raised on daughter Tally were born. In 1996, while she and Bill a small farm in Arapahoe County. He was a member were juggling four children and Bill’s young career as of the first graduating class of Gateway High School Denver’s District Attorney, Jeannie began working (1974), and he earned his bachelor’s degree in political as a substitute teacher for Denver Public Schools, science from Colorado State University (1978) and his specializing in classrooms for emotionally disturbed law degree from the University of Colorado (1981). children.

His first job out of law school was as deputy district Today, Jeannie sits on the board for Project PAVE attorney in Denver. In 1987 Governor Ritter and (Promoting Alternatives to Violence through his wife, First Lady Jeannie Ritter, left Denver to run Education) which works to end the cycles of a food distribution and nutrition center in Zambia, relationships violence, focusing on domestic violence, Africa. They returned home in 1990, and three years child abuse, teen dating violence, and bullying. Jeannie later Ritter was appointed as Denver’s top prosecutor, also sits on the board of Ralston House (formerly a position he held until January 2005. He earned the Arvada Child Advocacy Center) which cares for a national reputation as one of the countries most children who have suffered abuse. effective and innovative prosecutors, and several of his programs continue to serve as state and national Additionally, Jeannie sits on the steering committee models. for Mental Health America of Colorado’s Triage/ Crisis-Intervention Project. In early 2008, Jeannie The governor and first lady have four children: August, jointed the Advisory Board of the Kempe Foundation Abe, Sam and Tally. for the Prevention and Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect and the Steering Committee for the Colorado Gateway High School – 1974 Chapter of the Partnership to Fight Chronic Disease.

27 Appendix VI: Prominent APS Graduates

From Clyde Rucker – Executive Vice From Anthony Sturges – Chief Operating President of Quiznos Officer Clyde Rucker is currently Executive Vice President I attended the following APS schools: Park Lane and Chief Administrative Officer for Quiznos. Over Elementary, North Middle School, Hinkley High the past 20 years, Rucker has built his reputation in School, 1981. Whatever success I have enjoyed in my leadership positions throughout major food companies life and professional career is due in large part to the including: Burger King, Arby’s and PepsiCo/Kentucky caring and nurturing community in Aurora and APS Fried Chicken. Rucker’s career began early on with his during my school career. Every adult in my school superior education at Aurora Public Schools’ Gateway career took an active interest in me and my education. High School. I have especially fond memories of the many fine coaches that I played for. These men instilled in me Aurora Gateway High School – 1981 the important values of hard work, playing together and getting back on your feet when you’ve been knocked down. These traits will be part of who I am From Steve Seybold – Computer for as long as I live. Programmer Thank you for including me in your book and Aurora Hinkley High School – 1981 considering me an outstanding graduate.

I’m happy to have the opportunity to contribute to From John Tipton this project as I have lots of fond memories of my As a member of Colorado Governor Roy Romer’s school days and I’m grateful for the care and guidance Cabinet, Mr. Tipton served as Executive Director of provided by the staff and several key teachers in the Colorado Department of Revenue. Mr. Tipton particular. currently serves as an adjunct professor of law for the University of Denver College of Law. Mr. Tipton has I have had many teachers, and at all grade levels, with a broad background in Far East cultures. He lived for both a gift for teaching and a genuine concern for several years in Japan and Korea and travels extensively the students well being. That environment instilled in the Far East and other parts of the world. He has within me a drive to continue to learn and succeed provided legal and business advice to individuals and professionally. companies from many countries. His understanding of the culture and language of the Chinese and Japanese T.J. Henderson at ACHS was very inspiriting and was facilitates his abilities in the Pacific Rim. 7/68 -6/72 gifted with developing confidence. Gerry Gussy made Chinese Linguist, United States Air Force, Vietnam learning fun and interesting, and helped develop the Era Veteran, Honorable Discharge. curiosity to continue. Those are just a few and there are a lot of others but it’s getting late and I’m surely Aurora Central High School – 1964 exceeding 50 words.

28 Appendix VI: Prominent APS Graduates

From Craig Truman – Criminal Defense From David Von Drehle – Columnist Attorney for Newsweek Craig Truman is a criminal defense attorney in Denver. I’m honored to be included in your list of distinguished He attended Crawford Elementary, West Junior High, graduates of the Aurora Public Schools. I started and Aurora Central High. Martha Crawford was his kindergarten at Lyn Knoll in 1966 and graduated from principal at Crawford. Craig thanks his dedicated Gateway in 1979 – and many fine teachers, coaches teachers, and deeply appreciates the education and and principals along the way encouraged me to believe lifelong friendships he made during 12 years in the that I could achieve my goals through hard work and Aurora Public Schools. teamwork. I shall always be grateful for that.

Aurora Central High School Author and journalist David Von Drehle is editor-at- large for Time magazine, having spent many years as a senior writer and editor at The Washington Post. In an award winning career he has covered presidents, popes, princes and prisoners. He is married to journalist Karen Ball; they have four children.

Gateway High School – 1979

29 Appendix VII: Sources and Acknowledgements

Dorward, Becky, Aurora: First Sun of Colorado. Carlsbad, California: Heritage Media Corporation, 2001

Mehls, Steven F., Carol J. Drake, and James E. Fell, Jr. Aurora: Gateway to the Rockies. Aurora, Colorado: Cordillera Press, Inc., 1985.

Interviews: Dr. Robert Adams Mary Fox Janelle Thomas Superintendent Teacher Assistant Principal

Dr. Eugene Albo Millie Hafer Dorothy Von Drehle Assistant Superintendent of Secretary Citizen Human Resources Dr. David L. Hartenbach Mike Vermillion Dr. S. J. Alioto Superintendent Director of Business Services Assistant Superintendent for Instruction Josh Hensley Janet White District Planner Teacher Connie Anderson Teacher John W. Hinkley Kristin Wehri Architect Secretary Tony Antolini Director of Athletics Ralph Jordan Assistant Principal Gayle Baker Social Studies Consultant Charla Knox Secretary Bennet Public Schools Bennett, Colorado Chris Jordan Transportation Jo and Robert Caviness Teachers Janyce Martin Secretary Cathy Confer Secretary John Messervey Principal Cheryl Dalton Assistant to the Superintendent Jane and Bill Murray District AV Department Gordon Davis Aurora History Museum Jose Paz District Translator Don Drollinger Teacher Jewel and Rolla Rissler Teacher and Principal Alice De Boer Director of High Schools Juanita Sparks Teacher Harold Dunning Director of Vocational Education JoAnne Sterling Avery 1953 APS graduate, daughter Charlotte Fowler of long-time BOE member Instruction Hazel Sterling 30 Aurora Public Schools Superintendents

John L. Barry July 2006 to Present

Robert D. Adams, Ph.D. June 2001 to July 2006

David L. Hartenbach, Ed.D. January 1992 to June 2001

Victor J. Ross, Ed.D. July 1988 to January 1992

John G. Stuart, Ed.D. July 1974 to June 1988

Mr. T. H. Pickens 1972 to 1974

Urban J. D. Leavitt 1970 to 1972

Roland Ingraham 1968-1970

T. H. Pickens Acting Superintendent 1968

William Hinkley 1949 to 1968

Myron Moorehead 1947 to 1949

John A. Simpson 1942 to 1947

John McConnell 1939 to 1942

Carl Hansen 1935 to 1939

Jack McCullough 1922 to 1935