The Greek City-State Greek the the Greece

Home , 300s BC (decade), 400 BC, 500s BC (decade), Ionian Sea

2018 Font Conversions: December 8, 2015 2015 8, December Conversions: Font 2018 Proof -First 2011 25, Jan Date/Proof: x20p0 25p6 Size: Map C04-01A-NGS-824133_A_RESG.ai Name: File Greece Ancient Title: Map 7 Chapter RESG -World) Past our (Discovering DOPW

Where in the world? people live?people way the influence geography How does QUESTION ESSENTIAL NAME______Ionian on Crete on civilization flourishes 2500 2500 b.c. 2500 Sea Mediterranean History in Here You Are Mt. Olympus Mt. b.c. b.c. Sea PELOPONNESUS GREECE Minoan MACEDONIA Rise of Greek Civilization Sparta mainland Greece in settle Mycenaeans 2000 2000 b.c. Athens Sea of Crete of Sea Aegean b.c. b.c. Sea Crete

Knossos Troy 0 0 Equal-Area projection Lambert Azimuthal collapses civilization Minoan 1450 1450 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. QUESTIONSGUIDING 1500 b.c. 1500 ASIA MINOR ASIA 100 km 100 DATE ______b.c. b.c.

Ancient Greece citizenship? of idea the create city-states Greek did How culture? their spread Greeks early did How Mediterranean? the in power gain Mycenaeans the did How develop? Minoans the of civilization the did How early Greeks? the of lives the influence geography physical did How 100 miles 100 KEY

W Age begins Minoan Dark 1100

S coins begin metal minting 700s

E b.c. b.c. b.c. b.c. close together in rows together close arranged Greece ancient in soldiers phalanx marketplace in ancient Greece agora polis itself their homeland; the new territory to ties close with territory a new colony deeds their and heroes about stories or poems epic performs bard surrounded by water peninsula Terms to Know Greeks Greeks 1000 b.c. CLASS ______

someone who writes or

a Greek city-state

a gathering place or a group of people living in in living people of a group

Dark Age the from emerges Greece 750 a group of armed foot foot armed of a group

a piece of land nearly nearly land of a piece b.c. b.c. colonies colonies establish states 700 b.c. b.c. Greek city- city-state as thrives Athens 500 500 b.c. 500 b.c. b.c. 73 Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education.

Check the Text Check Circle the word that means “the system in a country that includes making, buying and goods.” selling What did the discovery at Knossos reveal about the Minoans? Why the were palaces Mycenaean important places? How did seas influence the way many ancient Greeks lived? Reading Reading CLASS ______CLASS

Marking 2. Reading 3. Explaining 4. 1.

to 1100 to b.c.

DATE ______DATE Continued the Minoan civilization ended. This means that it is surrounded water by Rise of Greek Civilization, Civilization, Greek of Rise He dug up remains of an amazing palace. The palace had many rooms that stored food. Other rooms were workshops where people made jewelry and vases. peopleAn ancient called the Minoans built the palace.

Little was known about the Mycenaeans until the late 1800s. In the Mycenaean civilization, each king lived in a palace built Trade was an important an was activity economic Trade the Minoans. for The place he discovered on Crete is called Knossos. ● ● ● ● That was when a German when was a archaeologistThat Heinrich named on was palace The palace. a of theremains found Schliemann called Mycenae. place a the in Greek mainland Nobles hill. a on outside lived farms the large called on walls estates. Enslaved people and other workers lived in villages on the estates. The palaces centers were government. of Workshops housedwere there People too. made clothes and jars for wine and olive oil. Other workers mademetal swords and leather shields. A Mainland Civilization theAnother Mycenaean was the early area in civilization civilization. They lived in Greece from about 2000 b.c. An IslandCivilization Another civilization developed on one the of islands off the coast southernof Greece. That island About is Crete. 1900 a British Arthur thisarchaeologist named from items found Evans civilization. Mountains and Seas Greece is a peninsula. on three sides. There also are many islands that part are of Greece. Ancient people traded among the islands and along the coastline. Many fished for a living. The land on the Greek mountains. On many thepeninsula has plains between the mountains, farmers raised crops and sheep and goats. The sea and mountains greatly influenced how ancient Greek culture developed. ______NAME Historians donot know why. They traded pottery and vases for ivory and metals in Egypt and Syria. Sometime around b.c. 1450 74 Lesson 1 Lesson The AncientThe Greeks Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education. The Ancient Greeks The Ancient

Lesson 1 NAME______7. Reading 6. Listing 5. Identifying

Greek culture?Greek invasion help spread Dorian the did How for each. question the answer to phrases short and words to list Foldable of the sides both Use and Civilization Mainland tabs— two the anchorthe tab. Label excavations reveal? question Minoans Adopted from Mycenaeans What titled chart flow the to cover line dotted the along Foldable atwo-tab Place from Minoans. the Mycenaeans learned the things two Name Check Civilization. Island Rise of Greek Civilization, . Write the . Write the What do do What

on on stories. Until then, the stories had been told out loud. out told been had stories the then, Until stories. bards, Soon Greeks. Phoenicians. the from alphabet an used or adopted They trade. their to record of writing asystem needed Greeks the so increased, Greeks. themselves communities called of these people The by kings. ruled and independent were They mainland. Greek the on formed communities them. with culture Greek took They areas. to other fled people Greece, into to push continued Dorians the As families. their for only food grew enough Farmers to sell. fewer things made People down. Age. Trade aDark years 300 slowed following the call Historians civilization had crumbled. another. b.c. destroyed palaces. 1100 their Earthquakes By one fought kings Mycenaean many the Later region. Sea Agean Mycenaeans conquered and entire controlled Minoans the the Trojan the in fought and War.The military astrong built wine, olive oil, and pottery to the colonies. to the pottery and oil, olive wine, shipped cities the return, In Greece. in cities to "parent" people Sea. Black the and Sea Mediterranean of the coasts the along colonies started people Greek homeland. to its ties close with territory anew in asettlement is Acolony colonies. toarea form the outside people to send started communities Greek people. 700 b.c. By ended. Age Dark the when Greece in increased population The Colonies Trade and By the mid-1400s b.c. mid-1400s the By The Greek alphabet made reading and writing easier for the the for easier writing and reading made alphabet Greek The Trade use. could they than food grew more farmers Greek Finally, by b.c. 750 A group mainland. Dorians invaded Greek the the called The colonies shipped grains, metals, timber, and enslaved timber, enslaved and metals, grains, shipped colonies The • • • Minoans from Adopted Mycenaeans What • Continued farmers could not grow enough food for all of the of the all for food enough grow not could farmers Worked with bronze Worked with seas to navigate stars and sun Used ships Built Worshiped Earth Mother as chief god chief as Mother Earth Worshiped DATE ______

or storytellers, were writing down old old down were writing storytellers, or , the difficult time started to end. Small Small to end. started time difficult , the , the Mycenaeans grew wealthy. They Mycenaeans , the Glue Foldablehere CLASS ______the the 75 Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education.

City-State on the Check Check Why coins were invented? Cover the Check for Understanding with a one-tab Foldable. Write On the tab. anchor front, draw and label a diagram a typical of city-state. On the reverse side, describe a city-state. How did the colonies affect trade and industry in the Greek world? What the were rights of responsibilities and citizens? Greek

Reading Reading CLASS ______CLASS 9. Reading 10. 11. 8. Explaining

DATE ______DATE Continued . This space was used as a Glue Foldable here , the Greeks startedcoins from make metals to Rise of Greek Civilization, Civilization, Greek of Rise or city-state, was the basic political unit in early polis, How did loyalty to the city-states divide Greece? List three Greek ways city-states created the idea of

Each polis was governed its by own citizens. The Greeks Citizens fought defend to their city-state. These soldiers citizen The polis Greek gave a sense citizens belonging. of However, In the 700s b.c. 3. 2. Check for Understanding Check 4. 1. citizenship. The Greek City-State Greek The The Greece. the At center each of polis was a fort built on a hilltop. This fort was called an acropolis. The open area outside the calledacropolis was the agora. developed the modern idea citizenship. of In early Greece, only males who had been born in the polis and owned land were citizens. They had the right hold vote, public to office, and defend themselves court. in responsibilities Their included serving in and fighting and polis. their Women defend government to political no had rights. however, children, calledwere hoplites. They fought on foot. Each was armed with a round shield, a short sword, When and fighting, a spear. the battle. shoulder into shoulder This to march hoplites would formation was called a phalanx marketplace. People gathered in the agora and debatedissues, passed laws, and chose officials. strong loyalty their to individual city-states also divided Greece. This lack unityof weakened Greece and made it easier for outsiders conquerto Greece. ______NAME to make trading A coin make isto small and easier. can be traded for many different typesgoods. of This it makes convenient carry to increased and madeand the use. Trade Greek colonies wealthier. 76 Lesson 1 Lesson The AncientThe Greeks 2018 Font Conversions: December 8, 2015 2015 8, December Conversions: Font 2018 Proof -First 2011 25, Jan Date/Proof: x 20p0 25p6 Size: Map C04-01A-NGS-824133_A_RESG.ai Name: File Greece Ancient Title: Map 7 Chapter RESG -World) Past our (Discovering DOPW

Where in the world? 3. 2. 1. QUESTIONSGUIDING governments?Why form people do QUESTION ESSENTIAL NAME______650 b.c. 650 Ionian Sea 650s 650s masters against Spartan Mediterranean History You in Here Are other city-states? Greek from differ Athens in culture the did How skills? military on focus Spartans the did Why have?city-states Greek the did government of types Which Mt. Olympus Mt. b.c. b.c. Sea PELOPONNESUS GREECE MACEDONIA Helots rebelHelots Sparta and Athens: City-State Rivals Athens: and City-State Sparta Sparta power in city-states 600s 600s Athens Sea of Crete of Sea b.c. b.c. Aegean in Athens Solon leads the government 594 Sea Crete 600 b.c. 600 Nobles lose Knossos b.c. b.c. Fair-ruling tyrant Troy 0 0 Equal-Area projection Lambert Azimuthal ASIA MINOR ASIA 100 km 100 DATE ______

Ancient Greece 100 miles 100 KEY in Sparta who was elected by who was elected the councilin Sparta of elders ephor helots democracy has control oligarchy tyrant Terms to Know

government Athenian the leads 560 560

N official government a high-ranking an by law absolute ruler unrestrained enslaved in people ancient Sparta

550 b.c. 550 a government in which a small group group asmall which in a government E b.c. b.c.

a government by the people the by a government Peisistratus CLASS ______government Athenian the leads 508 b.c. b.c. Cleisthenes Cleisthenes 500 b.c. 500 77 Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education.

democracy Check the Text Underline the definitions oligarchy of and Why tyrants were able holdto power in various Greek city- states? What is a tyrant? List two groups of people who lived in Greek city-states that the want not did rule. to nobles Defining CLASS ______CLASS

Marking 3. Reading 4. 1. Listing 2. Continued Then A tyrant or a its current

DATE ______DATE more in say government. tyrants with oroligarchies democracies Greeks wanted • • Replaced most people supported tyrants. fairly. ruled Common Most tyrants • • merchants artisans and They change. wanted also Political Changes in Ancient in Changes Political Greece Sparta City-Stateand Athens: Rivals, In an oligarchy, a few wealthy a few In an people oligarchy, hold power control from from control kings. merchants, artisansand wanted changes.

By b.c. 650 The growing political unrest led the to rise tyrants. of The common people and the hoplites, soldiers, or citizen ruledTyrants many Greek city-states until about500 b.c. Sparta and Athens, two important Greek city-states, had Nobles took Farmers, • • Political Changes As the Greek city-states there politicalwere grew, changes. The wealthy nobles power from had seized the kings. Owners small of farms did the not like nobles Many them of ruling, had however. borrowed money from the nobles. When the farmers could not their their loans, the farms. nobles took repay notwere because citizens they did not own land. That meant they did in a say not ruling have the polis. is someonepower who and rules seizes with total authority. Most theof tyrants who controlled city-states ruled It fairly. was the harshness tyrants a few of that the gave word tyranny ______NAME supported the tyrants overthrowing the nobles. became Tyrants temples, and marketplaces, building popular new more by fortresses. Most people in the Greek city-states objected rule to oneby They wanted person, a government in which however. all hadcitizens a say. different very had types also different They government. of societies. meaning; rule a cruel by and unjust person. democracy. theover larger group citizens. of In a democracy, all have citizens ina say the government. Each polis chose its own type of government. most Greek city-states changed either to an oligarchy 78 Lesson 2 Lesson The AncientThe Greeks Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education. The Ancient Greeks The Ancient

Lesson 2 NAME______Reading 8. 7. Outlining 6. Describing 5. Marking Marking

boys and men. men. and boys of Spartan lives the in events to outline tab of the sides both Use areas? many in city-states Greek other behind fall Sparta did Why write anchor the tab,On right. to the line dotted the along Foldable Place a one-tab as adults? to do expected women were Spartan What and war.”soldiers means “relating to that word the Circle the Text the Check Military Society Military Sparta and Athens: City-State Rivals, Rivals, Athens: and City-State Sparta

Glue Foldable here Sparta became isolated.Sparta T purposes. military for only leave Sparta could People welcome. were not visitors Foreign arts. the and literature studying from people discouraged government the reason, this taxes. collected and laws enforced ephors ephors. to year be each people five elected assembly The peace. and war about decisions made assembly the and judges as acted power. of elders council The little had together, but military. the for sons to raise was of women role main The wrestling. as such sports in were trained Girls home. away from were often men the because city-states helots. helots. people enslaved these called Spartans The there. lived who people the enslaved and city-states nearby invaded Sparta Greece. was located PeloponnesusPeninsula on the in southern Sparta Society Sparta: AMilitary people of Sparta. the than society and government about ideas different had descended from the Mycenaean people were Athens in lived who people The of Sparta. northeast located was It city-state. Greek important another was Athens Athens: AYoung Democracy survive the pain of battle. of battle. pain the survive could who adults into make boys would treatment harsh believed leaders Spartan weapons. to use and write, to read, learned they where camps military harsh in lived They seven. age at home obedient. and make loyal citizens more would this thought leaders The society. amilitary to make Sparta decided leaders The uprising. Sparta's leaders believed education could lead to unrest. For For to unrest. lead could education believed leaders Sparta's Sparta’s government was an oligarchy. Two kingsruled other in women than freedom more enjoyed women Spartan In about 650 b.c. about In All boys and men were prepared for a life of war. Boys left of war. alife for left were prepared Boys men and boys All Age 60: Finally left military service military left Finally 60: Age military the in serving while home at live Could 30: Age Age 20: regular the Joined army camps military for home 7:Age Left DATE ______

the helots rebelled. The Spartans crushed the the crushed The rebelled. Spartans helots the Life for Men in Sparta in Men Life for Continued CLASS ______The Athenian people people Athenian . The rade was limited. The The 79 Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education.

on the Check Check Why was Solon chosen beto leader of Athens? one-tab a Place Foldable the cover to Check for Understanding. Write Cleisthenes both Use tab. anchor sides list to what you about remember Cleisthenes. your Use completenotes to the lists the tab. under What did Solon do to farmers? help What was the benefit usingof the lottery system?

Reading Reading CLASS ______CLASS 10. Reading 11. 12. 9. Explaining Continued

DATE ______DATE Glue Foldable here most Athenian farmers owed money the to Sparta City-Stateand Athens: Rivals, another tyrant took the over government. His name They learned spinning, weaving, and other household duties. In some wealthy families they learned read, to write, and play music. Women were expected marry to and raise children. List the three groups who were not helped his by Name Cleisthenes one way made the Athenian

In 560 b.c. After Peisistratus died, Cleisthenes He the gave took over. more Cleisthenes' government the made Athenian changes About 600 b.c. ● ● ● In Athens, boys studied arithmetic, geometry, drawing, music, Girls in Athens educated were at home. 4. 3. Check for Understanding Check 2. 1. changes. government moregovernment democratic. ______NAME assembly greater even powers. Cleisthenes also created new a council 500 of help to citizens the assembly manage government business. Each year a lottery was held choose to the council members. Using lottery a meant that every had citizen a chance be to a council member. democratic. people who However, not were still citizens could not participate foreign- the women, government. included in all This people. enslaved and born men, nobles. To avoid an avoid uprising,nobles. the nobles To turned a respected to debts Solon. the farmers’ Solon ended named and merchant freed those who had been enslaved. was Peisistratus. He citizenship people gave to who did not own land. He hired the poor build to temples. and public speaking. They also practiced also publicand speaking. They sports. finished Boys school at age 18. that At age, they expected were be to active in publicaffairs. 80 Lesson 2 Lesson The AncientThe Greeks 2018 Font Conversions: December 8, 2015 2015 8, December Conversions: Font 2018 Proof -First 2011 25, Jan Date/Proof: x20p0 39p6 Size: map C04-16A-NGS-824133_A_RESG.ai Name: File B.C. 500 Empire, Persian The Title: Map Chapter 7 RESG -World) Past Our (Discovering DOPW

Lesson 3 Greeks The Ancient happen? it did When Where in the world? 2. 1. QUESTIONSGUIDING develop?Why conflict does QUESTION ESSENTIAL NAME______

Equal-Area projection Lambert Azimuthal M

there is one god one is there preaches Persia, religious teacher in a Zoroaster, 600s 600 b.c. 600 0 0 e

GREECE d

How did the Greeks defeat the Persians? the defeat Greeks the did How empire? avast rule Persians the did How i

b.c. b.c. e

r r

400 km 400 a

e Crete a

Greece and Persia

400 miles 400 n

EGYPT

S e

PHOENICIA Sardis a 500s 500s Cyprus You Are Here in History You in Here Are Jerusalem b.c. b.c. MINOR Black Sea Black ASIA

empire alarge builds Great the 540 540

Government changing in Athens

b.c. b.c. S

550 b.c. 550 e Tyre

Persian Cyrus Cyrus Persian M

522 522 E rules Persia Persia rules

O P

b.c. b.c.

Babylon

Royal Road Royal Persian Empire Darius I Darius M

KEY I A Nineveh

S DATE ______

teacher Zoroaster religious the by founded and god one in belief Zoroastrianism ancient Persia satrap satrapy Terms to Know

Susa s

Athens conquer to fleet sends 490

e a s

i in aprovince of governor the b.c. b.c.

a province in ancient Persia Persia ancient in a province n

500 b.c. 500

Darius I Darius

a Persian religion based on the the on based religion a Persian PERSIA Persians at Plataea 479 CLASS ______b.c. b.c. expand into Europe into expand 400s 400s United Greeks defeat defeat Greeks United Greece King Xerxes invades 480 b.c. b.c. b.c. b.c. Persians begin to to begin Persians Persian Persian 450 b.c. 450 81 Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education.

. the Text Conclusions the Text Define the word satrap Circle the name the of Zoroastrianism. of god Underline the names theof lands that Persia conquered and controlled. Why was it important that Cyrus the Great people conquered let theirkeep own religions, languages, laws? and Marking CLASS ______CLASS Defining 3. Marking 4. 1. Drawing 2.

DATE ______DATE Continued by a religiousby teacher Zoroastrianism . He divided the empire into provinces to ., a Persian., king named Cyrus the Great built a Greece and Persia, Persia, and Greece Founded in the 600s b.c. Zoroaster named Believed in one god named Ahura Mazda Believed people could choose good or evil prayers, andTeachings, sacred songs written down in a holy book . to 486. to b.c • • • • b.c

., a religious teacher named Zoroaster started Zoroaster named new a teacher preaching religious a ., Cyrus ruled He fairly. allowed the people he conquered to The Persians improved the network roads of that had been The Persian Empire expanding. kept Darius I ruled Persia from In the 500s b.c At firstAt worshiped the the gods. Persians 600s in Then many Zoroaster taught that there was one god,named Ahura Mazda. keep theirkeep own languages, religions, and laws. After Cyrus, new rulers continued expand to the empire. Persia controlled Egypt, western India, and lands northeast Greece. of built the by Assyrians. They built an important road called the Road.Royal On this road, travelers and could get food, water, fresh horses at roadside stations. Before the road was built, it would a messenger take about three months travel to from Persia Anatolia. to Using the road, the time was cut just to days. seven 522 powerful Cyrus army. conquered Mesopotamia, Syria, and Judah. He also conquered Greek city-states that in were the area of The Persian empire AnatoliaAnatolia. is called Turkey. Today became the largest world. the ancient in it easiermake manage. to He called the provinces satrapies. Each satrapy was ruled a governor by who was called a satrap. The governor collected taxes and recruited soldiers for the Persian army. Persia’s Empire Persia’s While Greek city-states going were through changesin their in empire large a building were governments,the Persians southwest Asia. Persia was located in what is today called Iran. ______NAME b.c religion. It was called Zoroastrianism. He was the creator all of things and the leader the of of forces good. Zoroaster believed people free were choose to between good and evil, but at the end time, of goodness would win. Most Persians accepted Zoroastrianism. They also began view to the 82 Lesson 3 Lesson The AncientThe Greeks Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education. The Ancient Greeks The Ancient

Lesson 3 NAME______8. Marking 7. Contrasting 6. Reading 5. Listing Listing

distance race.distance of along- name the is that word the Circle civilization? Persian from civilization different Greek was How empires? vast their unite rulers Persian did How Persian Empire. of the aspects about organizer, facts list graphic the In the Textthe Check Greece and Persia,

power of Ahura Mazda. of Ahura power by the ruled they believed kings Persian sacred. as monarchy The Persian Wars Persian The In 499 b.c In rulers. own their choose citizens should that believed Greeks Many king. civilization. Thedifferent Persians believed in an all-powerful avery had who Greeks the with clashed soon They Europe. b.c 400s the In interfering. interfering. for Athens at angry Iwas Darius king Persian The revolt. the crushed Persians The rebels. Greek the to support warships supplies. supplies. army’s Persian the off cut would That ships. supply Persian the to attack was plan His navy. Greek the directed of Athens Sparta’s King Leonidas Themistocles soldiers. suppliedmost the ships. supply own force its even had His of warships. thousands and army large b.c run. famous that for named Today, are exhaustion. races from died and fell marathon he Then “Victory.” out cried and Athens reached He news. the with defeat. aterrible suffered Persians The attacked. Athenians the ships, the were on units fighting Persian strongest the When by sea. Athens attack and ships their to board decided then Persians The attacked. they if lose would and outnumbered TheThe Athenians Persians knew at landed Marathon. they were Zoroastrianism satrapy Road Royal Great the Cyrus The Persians already controlled Greek city-states in Anatolia. Anatolia. in city-states Greek controlled already Persians The In 490 b.c 490 In The Greek city-states joined together to fight the Persians. Persians. the to fight together joined city-states Greek The 480 In Athenians. the vowed against revenge Persians The to Athens raced runner ayoung legend, toAccording Greek . a new Persian king named Xerxes invaded Greece with a with Greece invaded Xerxes named king Persian . anew Continued Persian Empire Persian . these city-states revolted. The Athenians sent sent Athenians The revolted. city-states . these . Darius I sent a fleet of 600 ships to invade Greece. Greece. to invade ships of 600 afleet Isent . Darius DATE ______

., Persians the wanted to expand empire their into CLASS ______Facts 83 Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education. . Use

and the . Label the Check the Text the Text Place a two-tab Foldable along the dotted line cover to the Check for Understanding. Title tabthe Soldiers anchor and Sailors top tab Land bottom tab Sea both sides the of tabs outlineto what you about remember important events occurring on land and sea. Underline the names importantof battles in the text. After the losses in Greece, why did the grow Persians withunhappy their government?

Marking CLASS ______CLASS 10. 11. 9. Reading

DATE ______DATE Continued . the last battle was fought. Greece and Persia, Persia, and Greece ., Persia., was invaded a young by and powerful Greek b.c How did the Greeks finally defeat the Persians? List two advantages that helped should have the

The Persian Empire now faced many challenges. Its many faced was now army Empire Persian The Persia weakened and became open outside to attacks. In the For three days Spartan soldiers fought the Persians at Spartans’The fight heroic Themistocles the and gave The Persian army continued attack. to It marched Athens to

2. Check for Understanding Check 3. 1. Persians defeat the Greeks at Marathon in 490 b.c.

______NAME no longer able defend to the whole empire. The people grew unhappy with their government and paying heavy taxes. The rule. should who over family disagreed royal 300s ruler The named Persian Alexander. Empire ended and a new Greek It empire eventually grew. became larger even than the Empire. Persian With improved fighting and better weapons, the Greek forces defeated the Persians at Plataea, northwest Athens. of Thermopylae. The Spartans The Thermopylae. stop the not but could bravely fought Persians. Many troops abandoned the battle. Only 300 Spartan the death. to fought soldiers and remained Athenianstime carry to out the plan. The Athenian fleet lured the Persian fleet into the strait Salamis of near Athens. A strait or channel is a narrow strip water of between two pieces land. of heavy the channel. together in large, The crowded ships Persian easily. more maneuver could and smaller Greek were ships The The Greek navy destroyed most the of Persian fleet. and burned the city. Finally b.c in 479 84 Lesson 3 Lesson here Foldable Glue The AncientThe Greeks 2018 Font Conversions: December 8, 2015 2015 8, December Conversions: Font 2018 Proof -First 2011 25, Jan Date/Proof: x23p0 39p6 Size: Map C04-25A-NGS-824133_A_RESG.ai Name: File B.C. War, 431-404 Peloponnesian The Title: Map Chapter 7 RESG -World) Past our (Discovering DOPW

Where in the world? 3. 2. 1. QUESTIONSGUIDING How governments do change? QUESTION ESSENTIAL NAME______500 b.c. 500

leadership under Pericles’ Athens of age golden 461 the island of Delos on League Delian the form states 478 Greek city-states?Greek the War affect Peloponnesian the did How rule of Pericles? the under Athenians for like life was What culture in Athens? in culture How did Pericles government influence and Ionian Sea Ionian Athenian victory victory Spartan states Neutral Athens and allies andSparta allies b.c. b.c. b.c. b.c. KEY Beginning of Greek city- Glory, War,Glory, Decline and Mediterranean 425 .. Athens to League Delian of headquarters Athens moves 454 Sea 418 .. 418 .. History in Here You Are b.c. b.c. Sparta Sparta 429 .. 429 .. Thebes Thebes

450 b.c. 450 422 .. 422 .. 424 .. 424 .. Athens Aegean Crete Sea to Athens city-states opposed of alliance an leads 433 Delos b.c. b.c. Sparta and Athens Sparta between out War breaks 431 DATE ______411 .. 411 .. Sparta Sparta

b.c. b.c. 405 ..405 405 ..405 enlightenment philosopher behalf their on to govern officials elect citizens which in democracy representative decision-making process in the all citizens firsthand can participate democracy direct Terms to Know 406 ..406 406 ..406 Peloponnesian 407 .. 407 .. PERSIAN 410410 .. .. EMPIRE Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area projection 0 0 400 b.c. 400 Black Sea Black War ends Peloponnesian 404

a person who searches for wisdom or or wisdom for searches who a person 100 km 100 b.c. b.c. 100 miles 100 a form of democracy in which which in democracy of a form

W CLASS ______Sparta defeats Thebes of city-state The 371 371

S b.c. b.c.

a form of democracy democracy of a form

collapses Thebes 361 350 b.c. 350 b.c. b.c. 85 Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education. ?

Check the Text Circle the words that citizens mean “all participate in decision- government making.” What is a philosopher How was Athens able becometo a direct democracy? What kind of democracy do we in thehave United States? Identifying CLASS ______CLASS

2. Defining 3. Reading 4. 1. Marking also

DATE ______DATE Continued ., Athens., enjoyed a golden age as . to 429 b.c 429 . to Glory, War, and Decline, Decline, and War, Glory, flourished. Philosophers reflect or think about the meaning of life. Athens became a great center of knowledge. led the city-state for more than 30 years abilities their on based people government positions in gave did not care which social class people belonged to government ordinary into brought Athenians it. burned after Athens Persians the rebuilt supported artists, writers, and teachers. Philosophers

Athenian men worked as farmers, as artisans, worked men merchants. and Athenian The women Athens of had different lives. Girls married early, inWomen poor families did farm work or sold goods at the The government Athens of was a direct That democracy. In ancient Athens, direct democracy worked because the of After the Persian Wars, the most important general in Athens ● ● ● ● ● ● Athenian Life itsAt height, about 285,000 people lived in Athens. Not all these people citizens. were Only about 43,000 males had political not people could foreign-bornrights. enslaved and men, Women, be citizens. They had no political rights. They often worked mornings and in exercised the afternoons. In politics discussed men upper-class philosophy and the evenings, dinners.during social often in their mid-teens. Their duties children have to were and the households. of care take marketplace. in Women upper-class homes spun, dyed, or wove cloth. Upper-class women rarely left their homes. When they did, they had be to with a male relative. means that all Athens of citizens met debate to and on vote government matters. In the United States, a have we representative Citizens elect democracy. a smaller group of people represent to the citizens. It laws makes and governs on behalf the of citizens. small number citizens. of the At assembly meetings, citizens made policy on warand foreign affairs, passed laws, and elected officials, known as generals. was Pericles: The Rule of Rule Pericles The When the Persian wars ended, Athens became a powerful city- state. b.c 461 From the economic and cultural center Greece. of ______NAME 86 Lesson 4 Lesson The AncientThe Greeks Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education. The Ancient Greeks The Ancient

Lesson 4 NAME______8. Making 7. Explaining 6. Reading 5. Analyzing

Anatolia? of out Persians the to drive able League Delian the was Why League created? Delian the was Why women differ? Athenian men and of roles the did How in Athens?important slavery was Why Inferences Check Glory, War, and Decline,

thriving economy.thriving a develop Athens helped to Slavery place. place from different upper-class children. The treatment of enslaved was people to were teachers they Sometimes homes. wealthy in servants and were cooks labor. hard women worked at Enslaved Some non-Greeks. and Greeks both included They of battles. were prisoners people households had one at enslaved least Many enslaved person. by her.influenced ideas Her speaking. were among popular Athenians. Pericles was was for known her intelligence public and charm. She taught She however. Aspasia. was women, woman such Athenian One of males. care the under were always women Greek property. own or politics in were not considered equal to men. Women could not participate Athens in women Educated music. to play to and read learned remained a threat. ondepended cooperation. Even Persian the Wars, after Persia survival their that over time learned city-states Greek The War Athens Between and Sparta Greece became richer. and increased trade aresult, As Anatolia. in territories Greek of out Persians drove the league The of Delos. island the on did not join league. this Persians. Sparta the defensive purpose was league. to against members defend Its its Enslaved men worked on farms and in the shops of artisans. of artisans. shops the in and farms on worked men Enslaved Athenian Most civilizations. ancient in common was Slavery way as same the treated were not women Foreign-born Many, however, school. attend not could women Athenian In 478In b.c It was called the Delian League because its headquarters was was headquarters its because League Delian the called was It Continued Citizens born men born native- Free . the Greek city-states joined together to form a to form together joined city-states Greek . the DATE ______

Athenian Citizenship Athenian CLASS ______enslaved people born men, Women, foreign- Non-Citizens 87 Copyright by McGraw-Hill Education. , on the

Men and Enslaved . Use both sides Check Cause and and Cause Effect Women People theof Foldable list to remember you what about the life each of Athens. in group Why was Sparta's deal with Persia so important in againstthe war Athens? three-tab a Place Foldable along the dotted line cover to the Check for Understanding. Write Life Athenian Label the tab. anchor tabs—three Name two things that helped cause the War. Peloponnesian

Determining CLASS ______CLASS 10. 11. 9. Reading

DATE ______DATE . Athens . Sparta’s new navy Continued Glory, War, and Decline, Decline, and War, Glory, Sparta’s allied city-states angry grew at the harsh treatment. The Peloponnesian War brought disaster to the Greek city-Greek the to disaster brought War Peloponnesian The states. Governments were left weak and divided. Many people had died in battle and from disease. After the war ended, Sparta ruled its new empire much like Athens had ruled. List three changes made Pericles to life in Athens.

While the city-states fought a kingdom each other, the to grew ● ● ● ● ● At a funeral ceremony for soldiers and sailors killed in battle, sailors soldiers in killed and for ceremony funeral a At After about two years, a deadly disease out broke in Athens. Sparta with deal Finally, a made Spartans the The Persians. Over time, however, the DelianOver League time,failed. however, Athens began to 3. 2. Check for Understanding Check 1.

______NAME north. The kingdom was Macedonia. Eventually the strength of Macedonia cost the Greek city-states their independence. Pericles made a famous speech calledthe Funeral Oration. In the speech, Pericles reasons gave why democracy is worth fighting for. One-third the of people died, including Pericles. During the next years,25 each side won some victories. Neither side was able to defeat its opponent. agreed give to Persia some territory in Anatolia. In return,Persia Spartagave money build to a navy. In 405 b.c interfered with some Sparta’s of allies. These allies pressured Sparta attack to conflict Athens. The called is the Peloponnesian becauseWar Sparta was located in the Peloponnesus region of Greece. destroyed the Athenian fleet. Athens surrendered a year later. control the other member city-states. In 433 b.c 88 Lesson 4 Lesson The AncientThe Greeks Glue Foldable here Foldable Glue