PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE VALPARAÍSO Institute of Literature and Language Sciences

Contemporary Latin American Poetry ______NAME OF COURSE Contemporary Latin American Poetry HOURS 60 contact hours CREDITS 03 COURSE CODE LCL 432 ______

Course description

This course offers a vision on of the main developments of Latin American poetry of the end of the 19th century, recognizing the main trends, its aesthetic characteristics and its relation to the cultural and social contexts, through interpretative reading of poems and metapoetic texts that are crucial to this poetic tradition, emphasizing its contributions to the construction of the Latin American cultural identity.

The course is designed especially for foreign students that have an intermediate level in Spanish.

Main objective

Know, contextualize and challenge the function, the questions and the themes (particularly of modernity and identity) proposed by Spanish American poetry of the 20th century, based on critical reading of representative authors and texts of diverse trends and moments, in relation to the aesthetic, cultural, social contexts.

Specific objectives

. Critically read a representative selection of poems of this period. . Examine the influence that popular culture has had, as well as politics, and other artistic expressions in the development of Latin American poetry. . Know the various poetics of the studied poets. . Investigate the relations of intertextuality of the studied poetry to explore the features that form and distinguish it from the tendencies in contemporary times. . Review some of the most representative critical readings about the studied poets. Contents

Unit I Characteristics of modernity in Latin America. Social and cultural contexts. Main characteristics of modern poetry. Hugo Friedrich and Octavio Paz: the ideal void and the tradition of rupture Identity as a theme in Latin American culture.

Unit II Beginnings of modern poetry in Latin America. The moments of modernism: auroreal, zenithal, crepuscular. (postmodernism and mundonovismo) The “Simple verses” of José Martí. Martí and the question of identity. Rubén Darío and the peak of modernism. The poetics of Latin American modernism. The place of the artist in society at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Modernity and urban themes. Melancholic aesthetic. Reading of texts by José Martí, Manuel Gutierrez Nájera, José Asunción Silva, Rubén Darío, Julio Herrera y Reissig, Ramón López Velarde, Leopoldo Lugones, Juan José Tablada, Alfonsina Storni.

Unit III Latin American avant-gardes Review of Latin American avant-garde manifestos Novelty of creationism by Vicente Huidobro Jorge Luis Borges, from ultraism to poetry of thought. Poetic voices: the “plural self” Ramos Sucre and Oquendo de Amat: heterogeneity and margins Oliverio Girondo: ludic experimentation César Vallejo. Poetic trajectory: postmodernism in Los heraldos negros, avant garde in Trilce, human and social poetry in Poemas humanos. Octavio Paz and Latin American surrealism. Illuminated world and awake consciousness: a numinous poetics Emilio Adolfo Westphalen: archetypes in Latin American surrealist poetry Nicolás Guillén: negritude poetry. Social avant-garde José Lezama Lima. “Pure poetry”. Baroque and Neo-Baroque

Unit IV Post avant-garde poetry: various versions and trends of Spanish American poetry after 1950 The “other avant-garde” in Neruda’s tradition. From Canto general to Odas Ernest Cardenal and exteriorism Roque Dalton and political engagement/commitment Juan Gelman: poetry, reality, and violence Language and the metaphysical search Jaime Saenz: the night in the city and poetry. Roberto Juárroz and “vertical poetry” Alejandra Pizarnik: the marginal subject/individual José Emilio Pacheco: symbols and demystification of the poetic subject Nicanor Parra: irony and mass language Antonio Cisneros: the ironic tradition of the antipoem, between the quotidian and the metaphysic

Methodology

Expository lessons by the teacher aimed at informing about the development of culture and poetic writing in Latin America, considering the historic social context.

Critical reading of poetic texts and analysis in class, considering the historic cultural and literary context, trying to unveil the senses of writing based on informed reading.

Dialogic reflection around the reading proposals, reaching conclusion that bring the student closer to a better and broader understanding of Latin American literary and poetic culture.

Evaluation

a) Two tests (35% each) b) Oral presentations in class on suggested readings (30%)

Bibliography

The selection of poetic texts, critical readings, and summaries of the units will be sent opportunely by e-mail to each student.

Recommended references

ANDERSON IMBERT, Enrique. La originalidad de Rubén Darío. Buenos Aires, Centro Editor de la América Latina, 1967. ANDERSON IMBERT, Enrique. Historia de la literatura hispanoamericana. 7th edition. México, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 198O. BACIU, Stefan (comp.) Antología de la poesía surrealista latinoamericana. México, Joaquín Mortiz, 1974. BACIU, Stefan. Surrealismo latinoamericano. Preguntas y respuestas. Valparaíso: Ediciones Universitarias de Valparaíso, 1979. BARILI, Amelia. Jorge Luis Borges y Alfonso Reyes: la cuestión de la identidad del escritor latinoamericano. México, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2000. BELLINI, Giuseppe. Historia de la literatura hispanoamericana. Madrid, Ed. Castalia, 1985. CARILLA, Emilio. Una etapa decisiva de Darío. (Rubén Darío en la Argentina). Madrid, Gredos, 1967. COBO BORDA, Juan Gustavo (comp.) Antología de la poesía hispanoamericana. México, FCE, 1985. COSTA, René (comp.) Vicente Huidobro y el creacionismo. Madrid, Taurus, 1975. ESCOBAR, Alberto. Cómo leer a Vallejo. Lima, P.L. Villanueva Editor, 1973. FERNANDEZ COZMAN, Camilo. Las ínsulas extrañas de Emilio Adolfo Westphalen. 2nd edition. Lima, Fondo Editorial de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2003. FERNANDEZ, Teodosio. La poesía hispanoamericana en el siglo XX. Madrid, Taurus, 1987. FRANCO, Jean. César Vallejo. La dialéctica de la poesía y el silencio. Buenos Aires, Ed. Sudamericana, 1984. FRANCO, Jean. Historia de la literatura hispanoamericana a partir de la independencia. 3rd edition. Barcelona, Ariel, 198O. GIMFERRER, Pere. Lecturas de Octavio Paz. Barcelona, Anagrama, 198O. GIMFERRER, Pere (comp.) Octavio Paz. Madrid, Taurus, 1982. GUTIÉRREZ GIRARDOT, Rafael. Jorge Luis Borges: el gusto de ser modesto. Santafé de Bogotá, Ed. Panamericana, 1998. JADRE, Cathy L. Rubén Darío y la búsqueda romántica de la unidad. El recurso modernista a la tradición esotérica. México, FCE, 1986. JIMÉNEZ, José Olivio (comp.) Antología de la poesía hispanoamericana contemporánea: 1914- 197O. Madrid, Alianza Editorial, 1971. JULIAN PÉREZ, Alberto. La poética de Rubén Darío. Madrid, Ed. Orígenes, 1992. (treatises on literary criticism) LASTRA, Pedro. Relecturas Hispanoamericanas. Santiago: Editorial Universitaria, 1986. LAUER, Mirko. "La poesía vanguardista en el Perú". In: Revista de crítica literaria latinoamericana, N. 15. Lima, 1st semester, 1982. MARINO JIMÉNEZ, Mauro. La intertextualidad en la poesía de Emilio Adolfo Westphalen. Lima, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, 2010. MATEOS, Zulma. La filosofía en la obra de Jorge Luis Borges. Buenos Aires, Ed. Biblos, 1998. MONGUIÓ, Luis. La poesía postmodernista peruana. México, FCE, 1954. NUÑO, Juan. La filosofía de Borges. México, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1986. ORTEGA, Julio (comp.) César Vallejo. Madrid, Taurus, 1974. ORTEGA, Julio (comp.) Antología de la poesía hispanoamericana actual. México, Siglo Veintiuno Editores, 1987. PACHECO, José Emilio. Tarde o temprano. México, FCE, 1980. PAOLI, Roberto. Mapas anatómicos de César Vallejo. Florencia, D'Anna, 1981. RAMA, Angel. Rubén Darío y el modernismo: circunstancia socio-económica de un arte americano. Caracas, Universidad Central de Venezuela, 197O. RODRIGUEZ MONEGAL, Emir. El viajero inmóvil. Introducción a ROGGIANO, Alfredo (comp). Octavio Paz. Madrid, Ed. Fundamentos, 1979. SCHWARTZ, Jorge.(comp.)Las vanguardias latinoamericanas. Textos programáticos y críticos. Madrid, Cátedra, 1991. SUCRE, Guillermo. La máscara, la transparencia. Caracas, Monte Avila, 1975. VEGA JÁCOME, Selenco. Espejos de la modernidad: vanguardia, experiencia y cine en 5 metros de poemas. Lima, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, 2010. VERANI, Hugo (comp.) Las vanguardias literarias en Hispanoa- mérica. Manifiestos, proclamas y otros escritos). Roma, Bulzoni Editore, 1986. VERANI, Hugo. Octavio Paz: bibliografía crítica. México, UNAM,1982 XIRAU, Ramón. Octavio Paz: el sentido de la palabra. México, Joaquín Mortiz, 197O. YURKIEVICH,Saúl. Fundadores de la nueva poesía latinoamericana. Barcelona, Ariel, 1984.