HANDBOOK: MED-Amin data
This handbook aims at clarifying the data collection perimeter used within MED-Amin network regarding in particular the questionnaire n°2 (Excel form). The second MED-Amin meeting (Nov. 6-7th, 2014, Izmir) revealed the need for more detailed information on the data requirements, more precise statistical codes as well as clearer definitions of the data perimeter needed to permit an harmonization. The following pages thus explain data line per data line, what is expected from focal points when filling out the forms on soft wheat, durum wheat, maize, rice, and barley.
CIHEAM, December 2014
CONTENTS
1) Concepts and general perimeter ...... 4 1.1 Reference period ...... 4 1.2 Population data ...... 4 1.3 Units ...... 4
2) Definitions regarding the commodities and statistical nomenclatures ...... 4 2.1 MED-Amin Commodities ...... 4 2.1.1 Wheat ...... 4 2.1.2 Maize ...... 4 2.1.3 Rice ...... 4 2.1.4 Barley ...... 5 2.1.5 Extraction rates ...... 5 2.2 Statistical nomenclature ...... 5 2.2.1 NC8 Nomenclature ...... 6 2.2.2 HS Nomenclature ...... 7
3) Using the provided questionnaire...... 8 3.1 Structure of the questionnaire ...... 8 3.2 The data tab ...... 9 3.3 Data control from the Input tab ...... 10 3.4 Precisions on the data that should be reported ...... 10 3.4.1 PRODUCTION/AREAS/YIELDS/PRODUCER PRICES...... 10 3.4.2 IMPORTS/EXPORTS ...... 11 3.4.3 USES ...... 12 3.4.4 LOSSES ...... 12 3.4.5 STOCKS ...... 12
4) Control using the auto completed Balance sheets ...... 13 4.1 Control of the Balance ...... 13 4.1 Building the Balance ...... 14 4.1.2 Integration of first processing stage products within the “grain equivalent” balance sheet ...... 14 4.2 Control of the Food use per capita ratio ...... 14
5) Additional data ...... 15 5.1 Extraction rates...... 15 5.2 Planting and harvest calendars...... 15
1) CONCEPTS AND GENERAL PERIMETER
1.1 REFERENCE PERIOD The annual reference period for MED-Amin Balance Sheets has been defined since the second Izmir meeting (07/11/2014) and corresponds to the National Marketing Year (NMY). This national marketing year extends on twelve consecutive months and usually begins with the first month of harvest for the selected commodity. The NMY can be different from one country to another.
1.2 POPULATION DATA The Food use per capita ratio requires population as reported within official statistics. The reference date is December 31st for calendars based on the National Marketing Year.
These statistics refer to the residing population of the selected country. People usually residing in the country, but temporarily absent during the year are included within the total population data, while foreigners residing for a short-term within the country are excluded from these statistics.
1.3 UNITS The data provided to MED-Amin should be expressed in thousand tons and thousand hectares (cf. Izmir meeting conclusions). The values expressed in currencies should be provided according to the currency that is most convenient to the country (the choice is left to each country).
2) DEFINITIONS REGARDING THE COMMODITIES AND STATISTICAL NOMENCLATURES
2.1 MED-AMIN COMMODITIES
2.1.1 WHEAT Both soft and durum wheat are part of the MED-Amin data collection. Since the data collection aims at realizing “Grains equivalent” Balance sheets, Soft Wheat Flour (or Bread wheat flour) is reintegrated within the Soft Wheat sheet, while Durum semolina is reintegrated within the Durum Wheat sheet, both using extraction rates calculated at the national level.
If MED-Amin countries consider that the other processed products (starch, glucose, durum wheat flour) correspond to a large part of the industry within their country, they should also communicate specific elements for these data lines.
2.1.2 MAIZE MED-Amin collects data on Grain Maize (that is excluding forage maize). At this stage, the reintegration of maize processed products (groats, meals, semolina, starch, etc.) will not be implemented. Such reintegration may be organized in the future, if countries consider that such processed products correspond to a large part of their maize industry.
2.1.3 RICE Paddy, husked (also called cargo/brown), milled and broken rice are integrated in the Rice category, which is established in Milled equivalent. Paddy and cargo rice need to be multiplied by an extraction rate that should be established by each country [cf. section 2.1.5]. In case you cannot access precise data regarding production and uses regarding all type of rice, please fill in only the Milled category. 2.1.4 BARLEY Both forage and malting barley are integrated in the MED-Amin data collection. Malt should also be reintegrated using an extraction rate calculated at the national level.
2.1.5 EXTRACTION RATES Definition:
Extraction rate / Conversion rate / Transformation coefficient: The concept of "conversion rates" relates to the building of statistical aggregates expressed in "grain equivalent". This coefficient is used to pass from the volume of the 1st processing products (e.g. flour) to the volume of grains that was necessary to produce this volume of product. For example, an estimate of the Wheat/Flour conversion rate of 0.75 means that 1 ton of wheat was necessary to produce 750kg of flour.
Extraction rates must be established and updated for each commodity and each country. An estimated extraction rate can be obtained at the industrial level by calculating the ratio of the weight of products provided to the industries (grains) over the weight of transformed products obtained via the national industries (i.e. Flour).
In cases where two or more rates are obtained (one for subsidized flour and one for white flour, for example), it is necessary to calculate a weighted average corresponding to the ratio of the use of both type of flours.
It is normally necessary to calculate these estimates at the national level. Should difficulties be met by focal points, MED-Amin may provide them on-demand with order of magnitudes to be used as estimates.
2.2 STATISTICAL NOMENCLATURE Two statistical nomenclatures are provided as international trade reference to focal points.
The NC8 nomenclature, when in use inside your country, must be selected because it is more precise. If it is not the case, you may refer to the HS 6 numbers nomenclature presented lower in the document. Otherwise, please indicate the statistical codes that are used inside your country.
For each commodity, “Grains” product codes are indicated, as well as, in the following lines, processed products codes that should be reintegrated to the “Grain equivalent” balance sheets using the extraction rates that should also be inputted in the Excel file used to input the data.
The statistical codes used by both nomenclature are reproduced in the last tab of each commodity Excel file.
2.2.1 NC8 NOMENCLATURE The CN is a method for designating goods and merchandise which was established to meet, at one and the same time, the requirements both of the Common Customs Tariff and of the external trade statistics of the European Community. The CN is also used in intra-Community trade statistics.
Durum wheat
Code Label Validity Start Validity End** 10011000 [2011]* Durum wheat 1993 2011 Durum Wheat (inc. Seeds) 10011100 Durum wheat seed 2012 - 10011900 Durum wheat other 2012 - 11010011 Durum wheat flour 1995 - Groats, meal and wheat semolina 11031110 Durum wheat groats meals and pellets 1994 -
* [2011] means that the code was valid until 2011
** When this column is empty, the code is still valid today.
Soft wheat
Code Label Validity Start Validity End** 10019010 [2011]* Spelt for sowin 1993 2011 10019091 [2011]* Common wheat and meslin seed . 1993 2011 10019099 [2011]* Other Wheat and meslin (exc. seeds) 1993 2011 Soft Wheat (inc. Seeds) 10019110 Spelt 2012 - 10019120 Common wheat and meslin 2012 - 10019190 Other 2012 - 10019900 Other 2012 - Soft Wheat Flour 11010015 Wheat and spelt flour 1995 -
Barley
Code Label Validity Start Validity End** 10030010 [2011]* Barley Seed 1993 2011 10030090 [2011]* Barley Other 1994 2011 Barley 10031000 Barley seed 2012 - 10039000 Barley other 2012 - 11071099 Malt non roasted 1993 - Barley Malt 11072000 Malt, roasted 1993 -
Maize
Code Label Validity Start Validity End** 10059000 Maize (Other) 1993 - 10051011 [2011]* Maize seed - Double hybrids and top cross hybrids 1993 2011 10051013 Maize seed - Three-cross hybrids 1993 - Maize (including seeds) 10051015 Maize seed - Simple hybrids 1993 - 10051018 Maize seed - Hybrids - Other 2012 - 10051019 [2011]* Maize seed - Hybrids - Other 1993 2011 10051090 Maize seed - other than hybrids 1993 -
Rice
Code Label Validity Start Validity End** 100610 Rice in the husk (paddy or rough) 2007 -- 100620 Husked (brown) rice 2007 -- Rice 100630 Semi-milled or wholly milled rice, whether or not polished or glazed 2007 -- 100640 Broken rice 2007 --
2.2.2 HS NOMENCLATURE
The Nomenclature governed by the Convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, commonly known as "HS Nomenclature", is an international multipurpose nomenclature which was elaborated under the auspices of the World Customs Organization (WCO). It is used mainly for the creation of national customs nomenclatures and for the collection of international trade statistics. The HS code is defined on 6 digits.
Durum wheat
Code Label Validity Start Validity End** 100110 [2011]* Durum wheat 2007 2011 Durum Wheat (inc. Seeds) 100111 Durum wheat seed 2012 -- 100119 Durum wheat other 2012 -- Groats, meal and wheat semolina 110311 Cereal groats, meal and pellets of wheat 2007 --
Soft wheat
Code Label Validity Start Validity End 100190 [2011]* Wheat and meslin - other 2007 2011 Soft Wheat (inc. Seeds) 100191 Wheat (other) seed 2012 -- 100199 Wheat (other) other 2012 -- Soft Wheat Flour 110100 Wheat or meslin flour. 2007 --
Maize
Code Label Validity Start Validity End 100510 Maize (corn) seed 2007 -- Maize (including seeds) 100590 Maize (corn) other 2007 --
Barley
Code Label Validity Start Validity End** 100300 Barley 2007 2011 Barley 100310 Barley seed 2012 -- 100390 Barley other 2012 -- 110710 Malt, not roasted 2007 -- Barley Malt 110720 Malt, roasted 2007 --
Rice
Code Label Validity Start Validity End** 100610 Rice in the husk (paddy or rough) 2007 -- 100620 Husked (brown) rice 2007 -- Rice 100630 Semi-milled or wholly milled rice, whether or not polished or glazed 2007 -- 100640 Broken rice 2007 --
3) USING THE PROVIDED QUESTIONNAIRE
3.1 STRUCTURE OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE
1 2 3 4
The questionnaire consists in an Excel file organized around the four following tabs:
1) The extraction rates and calendars tab (light green frame);
2) The TOTAL tab: through which are inputted the major part of the data (drak green frame);
3) The Balance tab (purple frame), which is an auto-completed tab;
4) The « Statistical codes » tab (yellow frame) the NC8 a HS nomenclatures (yellow frame).
NB: The green tabs are tabs dedicated to data input, the purple tab is auto-completed, while the yellow-framed tab has a purely informational character.
3.2 THE DATA TAB
Blue frame (on the right): The " Data " tabs is constituted of a part (see blue frame) within which focal points need to input the requested data as well as a "Comments" column within which they may add more precision as to the metadata1 (sources of the data, collection methodology, etc.)
Orange frame (at the center): Please respect the units indicated in the related column as they correspond to decisions taken during the Izmir meeting (MED-Amin meeting n°2). Focal points should only modify the selected currency values: only the "CURRENCY" and "CUR" references should be modified and replaced by the selected currency for the data provision. Ex: Euro (EUR), US dollars (USD), Egyptian pounds (EGP), Tunisia dinars (TND), etc.
Red frame (on the left): The left part of the table should not be modified. The repetition of certain values (Countries, commodities, etc.) is necessary for a future potential integration within a database. Please check however that your country is indicated in the relevant column (for example here, the imaginary country "Italisia")
« Calendar » line: please indicate the referential that was used to collect the data (National Marketing Year - NMY) and precise the beginning month of the said NMY.
NB: Data are vertically separated between Grains (on the upper part) and First processing stage products (on the lower blue part). In the above cited example: Durum wheat grains on the upper part and Semolina on the lower part.
WARNING: If data are to be provided for both grains and first processing stage products, only one "grain equivalent" balance sheet will be realized that will integrate both the grain and 1st first processing stage products data.
1 A Meta data is a data used to define or describe another set of data. We may thus include inside this category such information as the origin of the data, its unit, collection methodology, etc. 3.3 DATA CONTROL FROM THE INPUT TAB
We have filled here the table with made-up data.
As illustrated in this example, do not hesitate to highlight missing data as well as data you believe might be erroneous or out-of-range (egg. values that are highly inferior or superior to the average values of the series, etc.). For these extreme or abnormal values, please check their accuracy and try to give an explanation for the possible gaps or anomalies (i.e. no exports due to bad harvests, etc.).
Please also control that the three Production/Area/Yield ratios respect the following relation: Production/Area = Yield with the indicated units.
Finally, please make sure to replace the CUR/CURRENCY values by the currency selected for the provision of data (here for example USD and EUR).
The "Balance sheet" tab, presented in the next section, should help you realize additional controls.
3.4 PRECISIONS ON THE DATA THAT SHOULD BE REPORTED
3.4.1 PRODUCTION/AREAS/YIELDS/PRODUCER PRICES For the cereals data collected by MED-Amin, the Production row should correspond to the total domestic production, whether or not commercial. The units to be used as reference are the thousand tons, the thousand hectares and the ton per hectare respectively for production, harvested areas and the average yield.
Production
The "Production" row corresponds to the harvested production for the selected national marketing year. It is expressed in thousand tons ('000 tons). The data are reported on an "off-farm" basis for grains. Field losses are deducted from the total production to give the harvested production. Please indicate within the "Comments" column the source of the data under consideration, as well as further precisions on the data collection methodology (declarations, estimates, samples, calculated data, remote-sensing data,).
Harvested areas
The "Area harvested" row corresponds to the area that was actually harvested during the selected national marketing year. Fields losses are deducted from the total area planted to give the area harvested. It is expressed in thousand hectares ('000 ha). Please indicate within the "Comments" column the source of the data under consideration, as well as further precisions on the data collection methodology (declarations, estimates, samples, calculated data, remote-sensing data ...).
Yields
The "Yield" row corresponds to the yield for the production that was actually harvested during the selected national marketing year. The yield should be equal to the ratio of the harvested production over the harvested areas and should be expressed in tons per hectare. Please indicate within the "Comments" column the source of the data under consideration, as well as further precisions on the data collection methodology (declarations, estimates, samples, computed data, remote-sensing data...).
Producers’ prices
The "Producer prices" row corresponds to the prices paid to producers; they may correspond to market prices or to support prices established by the government of the country. Please indicate within the "Comments" the formula (when possible), the quality/reference grain/type of use that this price is attached to, as well as any other requirements that may help define this local price. This price should be provided on an "off-farm" basis (without transportation or collection costs).
You may also indicate in the “Comments” part the name of any reference quotations places for your country (i.e. Rouen).
When compiling producers’ prices for processed products, industrial output prices may be used as reported within PRODCOM nomenclature. The following list of codes is given as an indication.
Codes Denomination 10.61.21.00.02 Wheet flour from wheat(soft) 10.61.31.33.02 Semolina from durum wheat Groats 10.61.11.00.00 Brown rice, hulled 10.61.12.30.00 Rice, partially or fully bleached (including Kamoli of rice) 10.61.12.50.00 Rice, broken (enriched rice, parboiled rice) 11.06.10.50.00 Malt, roasted
3.4.2 IMPORTS/EXPORTS The Imports/Exports data provided to MED-Amin should normally include commercial trade, as well as food aid and food donations, as well as an estimate of the unrecorded trade. The reference unit is the thousand tons. In the "Comments" row, please indicate whether these data have been provided by the national Customs Office or by another source. Please also indicate whenever these data have been collected using other statistical codes than those selected by MED-Amin.
3.4.3 USES The MED-Amin data have been organized around a simplified methodology that considers three main types of utilization:
- Food Uses - Feed Uses - Seed Uses - Other Uses: they include Industrial uses except direct food and feed production as well as any other uses, etc.
WARNING: 1) If you cannot access precise data regarding Seed uses, those may be integrated within the Other uses category.
2) For Wheat (grains), the industrial uses should not include the industrial uses dedicated to the production of flour or semolina, since the balance sheets are realized on a "grain equivalent" basis.
Consumer prices
"Consumer prices" corresponds to the price paid by consumers, whether it is at a "market price" or at a “support price” defined by the government. Please indicate within the "Comments" the reference product that is usually used to follow consumer prices for the commodity under consideration, the formula (when possible), the quality or the reference grains that it is applied to, as well as any other requirements that may help define this local price.
3.4.4 LOSSES Since the "Production" is reported on an "off-farm" basis, "Losses" correspond to the differences in volume between the farms and households and/or ports, i.e. losses during transportation and stocks, (excluding on- field losses).
The technical losses (losses during processing) are integrated within processing factors that allow for the calculation of the "grain equivalent" value.
Please also indicate in the “Comments” part, if the indicated amounts correspond to a calculated remaining balance or if they have been estimated, and in what way.
3.4.5 STOCKS Stocks are reported at the beginning/end of the national marketing year, according to both the "Opening" and the "Closing" stocks modalities (i.e. respectively the levels at the beginning and at the end of the National Marketing year). The stocks row should contain any kind of stocks (public, private, industrial, on-farms, etc.).
Please also indicate in the “Comments” part, if the indicated amounts correspond to a calculated remaining balance or if they have been estimated, calculated via surveys, whether or not in an exhaustive manner.
These stocks should correspond to the “before harvest” level that is to their lowest level. In the “Comments” part, you may also provide us with additional data as to whether these stocks integrate strategic or buffer stocks, but also working stocks used by the milling or the trading industry.
4) CONTROL USING THE AUTO COMPLETED BALANCE SHEETS
Definitions
Within the perimeter of this handbook, we would like to clarify the difference between the "Balance" and "Balance sheets" terminology.
Balance sheet: The terms "Balance sheet" correspond to the whole table located in the second "auto completed" tab as displayed below. This Balance sheet was realized in order to check the equilibrium of the annual Balance. The MED-Amin Balance sheets are built on a grain equivalent basis : they integrate both gross (grains) values and values related to the first processing stage products of the commodity under consideration for a number of lines of the Balance sheet (Imports/Exports, Stocks, Uses, Losses) using a conversion rate determined when possible by national experts. (Balance sheet is translated under the term "Bilan" in French, according to this definition). Balance: The term "Balance" corresponds here to the first line of the Balance sheet, that is to the relation : BALANCE = TOTAL SUPPLY – TOTAL UTILIZATION. (Balance is translated under the term "Balance" in French, according to this definition).
4.1 CONTROL OF THE BALANCE
The Balance sheet Tab (in second position: here called AUTO_BALANCE_SOFT) is auto completed from the first tab in order to calculate a balance. You are not supposed to modify it. It was created to help you check up the correctness of the balance.
The first line (Balance) should normally be close or equal to 0. For example here, we notice that there is some data error in 2010; it is in fact a consequence of the input error within the Closing stocks series as entered in the input tab.
4.1 BUILDING THE BALANCE The balance is calculated according to the following relation: BALANCE = TOTAL SUPPLY – TOTAL UTILIZATION.
These two notions can also be declined using the following relations:
푻푶푻푨푳 푺푼푷푷푳풀 = 퐷표푚푒푠푡𝑖푐 퐴푣푎𝑖푙푎푏𝑖푙𝑖푡푦 + 퐼푚푝표푟푡푠
푫풐풎풆풔풕풊풄 푨풗풂풊풍풂풃풊풍풊풕풚 = 푂푝푒푛𝑖푛𝑔 푠푡표푐푘푠 + 푃푟표푑푢푐푡𝑖표푛
푻푶푻푨푳 푼푻푰푳푰풁푨푻푰푶푵 = 퐷표푚푒푠푡𝑖푐 푈푡𝑖푙𝑖푧푎푡𝑖표푛 + 퐸푥푝표푟푡푠 + 퐶푙표푠𝑖푛𝑔 푆푡표푐푘푠
푫풐풎풆풔풕풊풄 푼풕풊풍풊풛풂풕풊풐풏 = 퐹표표푑 푈푠푒 + 퐹푒푒푑 푢푠푒 + 푂푡ℎ푒푟 푢푠푒푠 + 퐿표푠푠푒푠
That is: 푩푨푳푨푵푪푬 = (푂푝푒푛𝑖푛𝑔 푠푡표푐푘푠 + 푃푟표푑푢푐푡𝑖표푛 + 퐼푚푝표푟푡푠) − ( 퐹표표푑 푈푠푒 + 퐹푒푒푑 푢푠푒 + 푂푡ℎ푒푟 푢푠푒푠 + 퐿표푠푠푒푠 + 퐸푥푝표푟푡푠 + 퐶푙표푠𝑖푛𝑔 푠푡표푐푘푠)
NB: Obviously, the Balance sheet tab can only be used to check the data when all the fields (Imports/Exports, Stocks, Production, Uses, etc.) have been filled in.
4.1.2 INTEGRATION OF FIRST PROCESSING STAGE PRODUCTS WITHIN THE “GRAIN EQUIVALENT” BALANCE SHEET As explained previously, we are building only one "grain equivalent" balance sheets using two series of values (grains + 1st processing stage).
Some balance sheet lines are first treated automatically (Imports/Exports, Stocks, Uses, and Losses) in order to represent a "grain equivalent" using the following formula:
(1푠푡 푃푟표푐푒푠푠𝑖푛𝑔 푠푡푎𝑔푒 푃푟표푑푢푐푡푠) 푽풐풍풖풎풆 풊풏 퐆퐫퐚퐢퐧 퐄퐪퐮퐢퐯퐚퐥퐞퐧퐭 = 푉표푙푢푚푒 (퐺푟푎𝑖푛푠) + 퐶표푛푣푒푟푠𝑖표푛 푟푎푡푒
4.2 CONTROL OF THE FOOD USE PER CAPITA RATIO The Food use per capita is also calculated automatically once the food uses and population data series have been imputed within the first tab.
The annual consumption per capita for wheat (Soft+ Durum) should be located within the 100 - 280 kg/per capita and per year range.
5) ADDITIONAL DATA The first tab of the questionnaire should allow you to communicate additional data such extraction rates as well as planting/harvesting calendars.
5.1 EXTRACTION RATES In order to integrate grains as well as processed products within the balance sheets, you will be required to input extraction rates in the first tab (cf. 2.1.5).
5.2 PLANTING AND HARVESTING CALENDARS We would also be grateful if you could indicate the main months of harvesting and planting for each MED-Amin commodity.