Alanen/USFWS

Photo courtesy courtesy Photo of Marit

Mount Graham Red Squirrel A study in extinction prevention

Marit Alanen, Fish and Wildlife Biologist, USFWS Arizona Ecological Services Office, Tucson, AZ ALPINE TUNDRAS AZ UPLAND SUBDIVISION - SONORAN DESERTSCRUB CALIFORNIAN CHAPPARAL CHIHUAHUAN DESERTSCRUB GREAT BASIN CONIFER WOODLAND GREAT BASIN DESERTSCUB INTERIOR CHAPPARAL LAKE OR RESERVOIR LOWER COLORADO RIVER SUBDIVISION - SONORAN DESERTSCRUB MADREAN EVERGREEN WOODLAND MOHAVE DESERTSCRUB PETRAN MONTANE CONIFER FOREST PETRAN SUBALPINE CONIFER FOREST PLAINS AND GREAT BASIN GRASSLAND PLAYA RIVER SEMIDESERT GRASSLAND Source: databasin.org Brown and Lowe’s Biotic SUBALPINE GRASSLAND Communities of the Southwest ALPINE TUNDRAS AZ UPLAND SUBDIVISION - SONORAN DESERTSCRUB CALIFORNIAN CHAPPARAL CHIHUAHUAN DESERTSCRUB GREAT BASIN CONIFER WOODLAND GREAT BASIN DESERTSCUB INTERIOR CHAPPARAL LAKE OR RESERVOIR LOWER COLORADO RIVER SUBDIVISION - SONORAN DESERTSCRUB MADREAN EVERGREEN WOODLAND MOHAVE DESERTSCRUB PETRAN MONTANE CONIFER FOREST PETRAN SUBALPINE CONIFER FOREST PLAINS AND GREAT BASIN GRASSLAND PLAYA RIVER SEMIDESERT GRASSLAND SUBALPINE GRASSLAND

Image courtesy of the Red Squirrel Monitoring Project; Recreated from: Hall, E.R. 1981. The Mammals of North America. (2nd Edition) J. Wiley & Sons, New York p. 444, Vol. 1.

Photo courtesy of Marit Alanen/USFWS Dry mixed conifer fire High frequency (5-10 years) Generally small (<500 ac) Low severity

Image courtesy of the U.S. Forest Service Dry mixed conifer fire High frequency (5-10 years) Generally small (<500 ac) Low severity Mesic mixed conifer fire Not as frequent(3-21 years) Smaller than dry mixed conifer Low severity

Image courtesy of the U.S. Forest Service Dry mixed conifer fire High frequency (5-10 years) Generally small (<500 ac) Low severity Mesic mixed conifer fire Not as frequent(3-21 years) Smaller than dry mixed conifer Low severity Spruce-fir fire Low frequency (last fire in 1685) Stand replacing High severity

Image courtesy of the U.S. Forest Service Photos courtesy of the Coronado National Forest Photos courtesy of the Coronado National Forest Photos courtesy of the Coronado National Forest Photo courtesy of Marit Alanen/USFWS

Photo courtesy of Marit Alanen/USFWS

Photos courtesy of the Coronado National Forest Photos courtesy of Marit Alanen/USFWS Photos courtesy of Marit Alanen/USFWS Photos courtesy of Marit Alanen/USFWS Photos courtesy of Marit Alanen/USFWS Photo courtesy of Marit Alanen/USFWS Photos courtesy of Marit Alanen/USFWS Photos courtesy of Marit Alanen/USFWS Photos courtesy of Marit Alanen/USFWS New Arizona Mexico

Photo courtesy of University of Arizona Conservation Research Laboratory West Peak ~971 acres Currently unoccupied Occupied potential range Last MGRS sighting ~18,644 acres in 1960s

New Arizona Mexico Photos courtesy of University of Arizona Conservation Research Laboratory Photo courtesy of Marit Alanen/USFWS

Photo courtesy of Paul Schulz and the Mt. Graham International Observatory

West Peak ~971 acres Currently unoccupied Occupied potential range Last MGRS sighting ~18,644 acres in 1960s

New Arizona Mexico

Photo courtesy of University of Arizona Conservation Research Laboratory Clark Peak Fire 1996 6,300 ac

Photo courtesy of the Mt. Graham International Observatory

New Arizona Mexico Nuttall Complex Fire 2004 29,200 ac

Photo courtesy of the Mt. Graham International Observatory

Clark Peak Fire 1996 6,300 ac

New Arizona Mexico Nuttall Complex Fire Frye Fire 2004 29,200 ac 2017 48,443 ac

Photo courtesy of the Coronado National Forest

Clark Peak Fire 1996 6,300 ac

New Arizona Mexico Webb Peak

New Arizona Mexico

Grant Hill Photos courtesy of Marit Alanen/USFWS Burn Severity in MGRS habitat • High = 3,995 ac • Medium = 5,864 ac • Low = 5,903 ac

• ~ 85% of potential range

New Arizona Mexico Image courtesy of University of Arizona Conservation Research Laboratory Photos courtesy of Marit Alanen/USFWS Photos courtesy of Marit Alanen/USFWS Photos courtesy of Marit Alanen/USFWS Photos courtesy of Marit Alanen/USFWS Photo courtesy of Coronado National Forest Photos courtesy of ACNC-Phoenix Zoo Photos courtesy of ACNC-Phoenix Zoo Pinaleño Ecosystem Restoration Project (2012) • 5,752 ac • Initiate forest restoration • Long-term protection to MGRS and habitat

Webb Peak

Grant Hill Proposed Reforestation Project • 2,700 ac • 2,000 lbs seed needed • Current local stock available = 110 ac

Webb Peak

New Arizona Mexico Grant Hill ALPINE TUNDRAS AZ UPLAND SUBDIVISION - SONORAN DESERTSCRUB CALIFORNIAN CHAPPARAL CHIHUAHUAN DESERTSCRUB GREAT BASIN CONIFER WOODLAND GREAT BASIN DESERTSCUB INTERIOR CHAPPARAL LAKE OR RESERVOIR LOWER COLORADO RIVER SUBDIVISION - SONORAN DESERTSCRUB MADREAN EVERGREEN WOODLAND MOHAVE DESERTSCRUB PETRAN MONTANE CONIFER FOREST PETRAN SUBALPINE CONIFER FOREST PLAINS AND GREAT BASIN GRASSLAND PLAYA RIVER SEMIDESERT GRASSLAND Source: databasin.org Brown and Lowe’s Biotic SUBALPINE GRASSLAND Communities of the Southwest Santa Catalina Mountains

Santa Rita Mountains

Chiricahua Mountains

Photos courtesy of the Coronado National Forest Thanks!

Photo courtesy of Marit Alanen/USFWS