ARIZOnA IGHWAYJ:~~-= E.mBER · · · - Narrow and Unsafe Bridges
A Lasting Monument . . . TO A GREATENGINEER
Are Quickly, Economically and Lastingly Replaced With UILDER, executive, soldier, friend - Tom O'Connell has joined that silent host of Billustrious engi neers whose achievements are their end uring monuments. Armco Multi Plate Waterways His death on November 3, 1937, mark ed the end of a career of distinguished service
Full Circles 01· Arches, Singly or in Battery, they care for streams up to his state and country ·that covered a period of almost a quarter of .a century. Time, to several hundred square feet in cross sectional area. Write for Illus immutable yardstick of values, will list his name conspiciously in the roll of those who trated Literature. built America's great Southwest. His works will long live af ter him. Western Metal ManufacturingCompany 1500 South Central Avenue P. 0. Box 1585 Phoenix, Arizona DECEMBER,1937 ARIZONA HIGHWAYS 3
The courtesy of the open range was are many denominational hospital s and Tucson numbers some of the most pr om th e rule most of th e time, except when sanitoriums, private sanitoriums, rest inent people, and man y of them come the Apaches went on a rampage, slaying, homes and "rest ranches," where privacy just for th e rod eo. Tucs on is also host pillaging and running off all available and specialized supervision are ava ilable. to many persons of international fam e. livestock. A welcome to strangers One of the most outstanding of these Each year it is becoming more and mor e meant offering the best. Today Tucson privat ely operated institutions is the "the place to spend the winter." welcomes strangers in increasing num Desert Sanitarium for the study and Tucson 's cultural lif e is appre ciated bers and as a host city excels in what treatment of dis ease, established in 1926 by strangers and particularly t hose ac it has to offer. as a non -profit project for the utiliza customed to metropolitan influ ences. This Nowh ere else in the world is the sun tion of the climatic advantages of Tuc is large ly due to th e University of Ari shine so constant and the health rays son. The eighteen buildings which hous e zona, whose beautiful campus and edu 0 HE pilgrimage to so invigorating . The altitude is 2,400 its activities are locat ed approximately cational plant valu ed at three and one feet abov e sea level. The atmosphere five mil es northeast of Tucson, in a Tucson started long ago, when half milli on dollars offer the stud ent is excessively light, dry and clear and desert tract of 160 acres. The lat e sec a college education second to none. The wandering natives were invited free from smok e and other impurities. retar y of the treasury, William Woodin, finest artists and outstandin g lect ur ers There is little fog or· dew and very few was one of the many noted persons who are schedul ed on the Music and Art to squal id Indian villages and dust storms. The climate is mild and visit ed the Desert Sanito rium fol· treat courses open to the public. The student extremely low humidity and has proven ment. the village became the cross lif e with all its ramifications of sports, a great boon in the recuperation from Th e ideal winter climate results in celebrations and collegiate fun is a leav roads of the Southwest. First tuberculosis, sinusiti s, asthma, arthritis, the annual La Fiesta de los Vaqueros, ening and refreshing influence on the rheumatism, nervous disorders or for the Conquistadores, the padres, ("the feast of the cowboys,") which is community. needed rest and out door recreation. held annually in February and is the As the "dude capital" of th e Southwest, Indian tribes and eventually the Climatological data of the United largest rodeo in the southwest. Tucson offers a welcome that is warm States weather bureau show that Tucson Among its regular winter visitors (Continued on Page 24) catt le man and miner, followed is one of the driest habitable points in the United States; that more than 84 per by sett lers bringing housegoods An e?1ening rid_e through the dese rt, climaxed by a pause for refreshm ents befor e a cent of the days are clear with an aver hurried campfire, adds to the pleasure of a vacation on one of south ern Arizona's and founding homes. age of 306 days of golden sunshine. When dude ranches. ever there is rainfall, it is slight; only four and nine -tenths inches from October to May and six inches from May to Octo ber, as an average. Due to low humid ity during the months of high tempera tures the physical effect here from heat is not so great as that of those sections with summer temperatures over 80 de grees, where humidity records are high. So important as a health center was Tucson, that the U. S. government through the Veterans' Adm inistration, has invested since 1920, when the Veter ans hospital was founded, a total of .$2,022,367.00. The hospital has a ca To visitors arriving by airplane, Tucson landmark. ~ are the Pioneer hot el in th e center pacity of 301 beds for the treatment of and th e Valley Bank building , in lower right . Warehouses pnra,llel the 1·ailro nd tracks tuberculosis, and 57 beds for the treat clirtgonally to the 1·emliinder of the city. ment of other diseases. In step also is the Arizona State Elks Association, with a large hospital main tained exclusively for the treatment of tuberculosis . The hospital is on a 40 << >> acre tract west of Tucson, with an in OLD PUEBLO spiring view of the entire city and sur rounding country. LTHOUGH Tucson (Too-Sahn) An yway, Tuc son has played th e host by word of mouth, the fami ly man, bring Realizing- -the -· value of a concerted is the home of the Un ivers it y to strangers since time immemorial, and ing household goods, women and children . health pr ogram, the Tucson city health of Arizona, capital of the dude to da y, as one of the leading win ter resor ts So today, served by bus and freight department and the Pima county health ranc h country of th e southwest, of the southwest, the city is visited by lines, eight trains daily east and west department have been combined, and are I nucle us of mining and agri many thousands of easterners who an over the main line of the Southern Paci now operated under one head, the health cultural activity in the south ern nually come to Ar izona for the excellent fic, the American Airlines, and strategic director. A recent Works Projects Ad part of the state, ~1-ieOld Pueblo is claim schools, re sorts, dude ranches, sanator ally located on U .S. Highway 80, Tucson ministration building program adds new ed by some historians to be the oldest iums, and "old world" atmosphere found maintains its supremacy as a cross roads structures and equipment which will city in the United States, ( chart er grant only in southern Arizona at Tucson. of commerce . bring the total valuation of the plant to ed by the King of Spain in 1540) and sti ll This pilgrimage to Tuc son sta rt ed long And despite its modesty, Tucson is a more than $100,000. A yearly personnel retains th e quaint simplicity of a modest, ago when wand ering nativ es wer e in vited cosmopol itan city . This too started way and supply budget of $36,000 is contri almost bashful, community. to the squal id Indian villag e at th e foot back, when as a crossroad of trave l it buted to by the City of Tucson, Pima Per hap s this may be attributed to th e of Sen tin el Peak , whe n th e village be necessarily became the headquarters for County School district No. 1, the State wint er climat e, which by it s mildness, came th e crossroads of the Southwest . a complex group of humanity that in of Arizona, and the United States public does not incite th e permanent r esident s From Mexico came the Conquistadores, cluded miners, soldi ers , merchants, cat health service. One of the newest ad t o undue activ ity, (th e last census report Padr e Kino, transient Indian t r ibes, and tl emen, Indians, Mexic ans, all welcome ditions is the therapeutic pool for the shows the Mexican pop ulat ion as close eventually the catt lemen, miner, and, as to the Old Pueblo, so named beca use of treatment of infantil e paralysis. t◊ 65 per cent) . the country was gra du ally advertised the adobe wa ll around the orig-inal town. Besides the government operated agen cies for the treatment of invalids, there X T IS called a "Shrine" and is that, but not in the sense that it was ever dedi cated to a Saint, ·but rather, if it were dedicated, would be come the monument of a de cidedly hardened sinner .
Nearly all unite in declaring that the spot came into promin ence on an evening over sixty years ago when a gambler, who had become enamored of the white wif e of another man, was shot, and, stag .g·ering away from the scene of the shooting, finally fell and died on the spot that is now "The Wishing Shrine."
All college is not confin ed to classroom s, as evid enced by thi s g1·oup of colleg e students and winter vi sitor s singing around a campfir e.
a year, thousands of candles. It is a of The Wishing Shrine, accounting for wood trees, and as the renegade and his Wishing Shrine, a Shrine of Thanks its location with the following story: companion rode up the young man ac giving - a wish, a prayer with each "About one hundred years ago, a Mexi costed him, accused him of his crime and Brown stone gateway invites th e visita 1· to enter the University of A1·izona grounds for a stroll among beautiful pcilms, green candle. can border ruffian was killed at that challenged him to do mortal combat. He law ns, and evergreen shrubbery. refused and tried to parley, but was un The people who burn their offerings place by a young Mexican of the Old successful, and his companions passed of candles d.o so with some fixed purpose Wailed City. This ruffian had betrayed the sister of the young man and when slurring remarks to the brother of the in mind, coming to light their candles, she died the young man and two compan girl. The young man became more en repeating a little prayer of supplication ions started to look for him in a small raged and drew his long knife or dag or thanksgiving, and then departing se settlement south of the Old Pueblo, where ger. He rushed at the ruffian, who ran rene and satisfied in the faith of their the rough element from Mexico camped. a few steps, then stopped and turned . The Wishing Shrine simple souls . He had also drawn his knife and they "Upon inquiry they were told that th e clashed on the spot where the Shrine is In conversation with Bishop Salspointe ruffian had gone to Tubae or Tuma located. It was a bloody fight. Both one day, and, while talking about the old cacori on a rustling trip, but would re OWN ON th e corner . of Simpson men fell and died on th e spot. mission San Jose del Tuc son, and Old S. and Main streets, (in Tucson), tu r n that day. When he return ed in th e "The young man 's fri ends r eturned to By A. REYNOLDS in a vacant lot, is one of the Tucson, he related what he had heard evening th ey met him under th e cotton - the Old Pueblo and reported the affair most interesting plac es within and the soldiers rushed to the scene, but I the City of Tuc son. It is located The courtyard of Mi ssion Sein Xavie1· del Bae, nin e mil es south of Tucson. Th e un the companions of th e ruffian had fled . Agr icultural activi ty in southern .4ri zona is f ound cilo'Ylg_ the verdant valley ~ of th e in a spot that is drab and un finished tow er in th e upper left is common among th e Kino chain , as it has been said The soldiers car ried the young man to Santa C1·uz th e Su lphur S prin gs, and the San Pedro river i,alleys . A waist high as long as th e building wa s unfini shed, th e fath ers did not have to pay ta xes . ' ·gr owth of alf nlf a is being ha1·veslcd near Tucs on. pre possessing as one could imagin e, yet the Old Pueblo and buri ed him from the for hundreds of people it has that touch old church of San Augustin, within the which makes life for th em a littl e bett er walls of the Old City, by the side of his and more hopeful. sister near the old chu r chyard wall. For It is called a "shrine" and is that, but years his mothe r would visit the spot not in the sense that it was ever dedi where he was killed, burn candles and cated to a saint, but rather, if it were kneel and pray for her departed ones." dedicated, would become the monument Another interesting account was given to a decidedly hardened sinner. by Mr. Leander Spofford, one night in Various stories ar e told about the rea a bunk car at Aztec, Arizona, after we son for the spot being, to a certain ex had finished clearing up a wreck on the tent, hallowed, and it is rather hard to railroad . Spofford volunteered of the. pick any one that bears the greatest de Wishing Shrine. "It is a sacr ed Shrine gree of interest, as all stories are similar. of mothers who have fall en daughters. Nearly all unite in declaring that the They go th ere, light their candles and spot came into prominence on an evening pray to the Virgin of Guadalupe for the over sixty years ago when a gambler, forgiveness of th e sins of their daught ers. who had become enamored of the wife of "I know of several old ladies who go another man, was shot, and, stagge r ing there two or thre e times a month. The away from the scene of the shooting, early history 0f the Shrine dates back finally fell and died on the spot that is for a hundred years or more. I have now called "The Wishing Shrine." Today the shrine is visited constantly heard it spoken of many times and in by multitudes of Indian and Mexican many places in Mexico as well as in Tuc people of Tucson, and tou r ists, guided son. The story is that an unpardonable ther e by tour information booths. There sin had been committed by a ruffian, A. ai-e burned at this spot in th e course of ( Continued on Page 27) C5uc.soNwas slogan conscious then and th e Old Pueblo is still slogan con scious. Strangely enough, the slogans of pioneer days are good today. How about these, for the good old ring of famil ilarity: "Treasure L a n -d ; " "Treasures of Health and Wealth;" "Farmer's Paradise;" "Sunset Route;" "A Good Place to Live In;" and "Life is Pleas- ant in Tucson."
the time that the date of the erection of the Zeckendorf building, at Main and Pearl streets, recently destroyed by fire, was placed within a month. Law and order, as practiced in the gay 90's, comes in for several pages, and the Back to the covei·ed wagon. The automobile has not entirely sup erseded the covered following paragraphs, entitled "The First wagon in the old west, for here is an Ariz ona trapp er who st ill uses the old sty le Chain Gang" serve best to indicate con vehicle, drawn by a pair of K entucky "Jacks." The driver is D. H. Mattox and his daughter Loren e, aged 3. Before returning to ditions as reported by Hilzinger: the mountains to trap, he drives about the stat e and picks up odd jobs here and there "Judge Charles M. Meyer and Jimmy during the slack season. The goat in the rear of the wagon furnishes the milk Douglas, who prided himself on carry supply for Lorene. ing six bullets in his revolver and one in his leg, a relic of Gettysburg, were that was caught. Jimmy did most of the tested the chain gang. His process was responsible for the first chain gang in catching, and the judge 'sent them up.' summary as the result was gratifying, the territory . The shyster lawyers who had been run and in a short time all the wild, rough "Twenty years ago no place was wors e ning the machinery of justice to suit characters who had ruled Tucson's under governed than Tucson, and Judge Meyer themselves, tried to overthrow the chain world were exerting their energies rub and Jimmy were appointed a committee gang with the constitution of the United bing down its streets. of two to effect a change. The first States, but their efforts availed nothing, Tucson's first swing-band bore the In the Catalina Foothills east of Tucson the giant Saguaro cactus is found in large forests. One of these areas has been desig thing they did was establish a chain gang as the judge did not propose to fool with then more appropriate title of "Tucson nated the Sa,guaro National monument. and enlist in its ranks every offend er the constitution until he had thoroughly Philharmonic Band" and boasted Fred TREASURESOF HEALTH AND ,WEALTH
GOOD_ bicyc~e t~wn . Farmer 's These slogans, all of which will str ike Tucs on as it existed in th ose early days, Parad ise. Life is pleasant m a familia r not e with th e old timers, and naming and depictin g many a now fam Tucson. Tr easu res of health at the same time remind those familiar ous name. Hilzinger is probably the first Ronstadt as lead er , of which Hilzinger and wea lth. with present day Tucson that the Sun debunker of the myriad of Arizona rat has to say: I Such were the popular slo shine Club and the Chamber of Commerce tlesnake legends, statin g : "Speaking "We have elsewhere referred to our gans in the Tucson of forty are still "fighting" fo r the Old Pueblo. soberly, a man may live in Arizona a year band boys and th eir leader, but purposely years ago . The cost of living ma y have No telling how old the slogans are, but or more and see nothing more venomous omitted to inform the reader of a cir increased since the good old days of all ar e taken from "Treasure Land-A than a cockroach or cr icket, unless he cumstance that will astonish him. Th e 1897, when pr ime beef sold for ten cents Story" printed in Tucson in 1897 and invades the saloons. " talented leader, Mr. Fred Ronstadt, th e a pound and housewives fumed over th e wr itt en by th e late J. George Hilzing er, The author runs the gamut of Tucson's self-made musician, of whom we are boost in bear steaks and venison steaks one-time editor of the Arizona Daily background, legendar y and historical, justly proud, has found time to perfect to twelve and one-half cents a pound. St ar and father of George 0. Hilzing er, business, ag r icultural , cultural, social and himself in musical science and instruc t Tucson was slogan -consc ious th en and veteran Tucson atto r ney . mining. The fauna, the flora, the crops, ( Continued on Pag e 26) the Old Pueb lo is still sloga n-consciou s. Th e Hilzinge r comp endium of 160 pages and, always the weather. As in 1937, St ran gely enough, the sloga.ns of th e ante dat es all modern booster organization so in 1897, Tucson was definit ely weather pioneer days are good today. tec hniqu e; but the germ of th ese activities conscious. Ind ians honor saint in colorful Ho w about these , for the good old ring must have been more t han dormant in th e The re is even a chapter headed "The ceremony. Blending pagan and of familiarity : "Treasure Land;" "Trea Old Pueblo in those days, for the book Rodeo" ju st to give added proof that Christian ceremonies Papago In sures of Health and Wea lth; " "Farme1· 's was published by the Arizona Advanc e ther e is nothing new under the sun of dians honor the m emory of Saint Paradise;" "Sunset Rout e;" "A Good ment company. Certainly th e Hilzing er Tucson. However, in all truth, it must San Xavi er, at San Xavier Mis sion Place to Live In;" and "Life is Pleasant opus could serve, if it has not served, as be admitted that "The Rodeo," as describ near Tuc son, Ariz., with a proces in Tu cson." a guid e book t o all lat er day and curre nt ed in the book mus t be some sort of firm sion, feast and dancing. . . . The efforts to "se ll Tucson." celebration of their patron saint 's Slogans about the weather, the tem engag ed in th e cattle business, and mad e day is the greatest event of the perature, and slogans about "no muggy In one breath the author praises the up of the late Col. J. D. Breathitt, F. B. year for the peaceful, pastoral weather" and "no sun-s t rokes" and "a virtues of Tucson in th e ebulli ent style of Proctor and E . J . Trip pel!. tribesm en and dates back to the good bicyde town." the gay 90's; in the next he pictures The book is so complete in its data of Mission' s founding in 1692. DECEMBER,1937 ARIZONA HIGHWAYS 9
The mountains have augmented the was forgotten with the coming of the first CCC camp is at Noon Creek, at an pages of history with their own chapter railroad and the through highway, for elevation of 6,000 feet, from whence a of the struggle between the white men if was cheaper to purchase lumber sup road leads to Pinecrest (mountain hamlet and the Indians who roamed this pri plies than to pack them off the mountain of nearly a hundred summer homes,) meval forest for countless centuries. on burros. at an elevation of 7,300 feet. The road The range was named for Colonel Not until the veteran forest supervisor, next winds across Ladybug Saddle, from James Duncan Graham of the Topograph T. T. Swift, in charge of the Crook which point there is an unequalled view ical Corps, United States Army, in early National Forest, saw the advisability of mountains, crags, and desert, extend territorial days, when heliograph stations and need of a road to this area, was at ing into the distant haze of Mexico . were established on the mountain and tention again focused on Mount Graham. Farther on, at Treasure Park and flashed messages of the War Department, At the cost of nearly half a million dol Camp Columbine, are located the Graham giving information of the struggle to lars a road was built in easy grades to County Boy Scout Camp and two more subdue and restrain the warring Apaches. the top of the mountain, 36 miles from CCC camps, with a third located in Trip An army post was establ ished in the Safford and U. S. Highway 70, and Canyon, on the west side . The last few early 1860's at the present site of Fort called the Swift Trail. People of East miles of the Swift Trail lead through Grant, on the southern slope of the moun ern Arizona readily availed themselves aisles of spruce and aspen, with an occas tain. Soldiers built a road up the moun of this vacation land. In an hour's ional glimpse into the ever -deep ening tainside, over which they hauled logs to drive over this mountain road you leave abyss which encircles the mountain on the fort, there to be sawed into lumbe r the desert cactus for Alpine spruce and all sides. From Heliograph Peak, where the only source of supplies in those days. aspens, with flowers and ferns in wildest the forest service has established a fire Later, a summer hospital was established profusion, while the clear, sparkling lookout tower, is a view of surpassing on one of tl).e pine -covered ridges, now streams abound with trout, luring the beauty. known as Hospital Flat . On the north, fisherman. The mountain is a game Recreational Areas the slope beside the Gila Valley, early preserve, and occasionally a deer bounds settlers established saw-mills to supply across the smooth highway, or a bear As Graham Mountains serve the needs of a fast developing pioneer com lumbers hurriedly through the forest. Upper Gila Valley as a recreational munity. Great improvement in the area, to both area and the site of summer cabins, the After a prominent beginning in the roads and camping sites, has been made Globe-Miami area is a 40-ininute drive state's early development, the mountain by the Civilian Conservation Corps. The ( Continued on Page 28)
Sunset on Graham mountains, viewed from Safford.
"Mount Graham is a monarch of mountains, we crowned him long ago, On a throne of rock, with robe of cloud, and a diadem of snow." -(From "Lines to Mont Blanc.")
Graham Mountains ■ ■ ARKER blue even than the deep cool and pleasant, from the heart of have brought little money to the tribes cobalt Arizona sky are the Apacheland. men. mountains that rise abruptly Within a few hundred yards of the Long ago, the Indians made a hav en of out of the desert south of U. highway, stretching along the Gila river, the lofty mountains, and in their hogans S. Highway 70, in eastern are the willow-covered hogans of the papooses still hear legends of the great Arizona-the mystic, romantic, Apache, once fierce warriors and raiders mountain "where eagles fly," and where andI little explored Graham mountai,1s. of Arizona. The great San Carlos reser their forefathers not so long ago has Between the tall, black funnels of voir, near the Graham Mountains, covers tended to escape the blue-clothed United Globe's silent smelters and the green the old village of San Carlos, where the States cavalry, after depredations upon potato patches on Arizona 's eastern renegade chief, Geronimo, was once im the settlements of the Gila Valley. frin ge at Duncan, there is no natural prisoned. Beside the highway, just a They sought haven up the forested sight so alluring as the high Graham cluster of hogans and a service stat ion, slopes of Mount Graham, loftiest pin range, a vista of silent grandeur, that is the village of Geronimo, namesake of nacle of the range. Mount Graham few suspected of holding such romantic the tireless chief. pokes its cool head above a cluster of and interesting sites as have been re Here, within the sound of humming companion peaks that all rise majestically vealed by the Swift Trail, which wind s automobile tires, live Apache Indians from the floor of the Gila Valley. Some have called the mountains gloomy, as 36 miles from Safford, near the summit, who often spend part of each year in the they tower solitarily above the green, 10,516 feet above the level of the sea. Graham Mountains, reposing in cool rolling valleys of Eastern Arizona . But The Graham Mountains are only a shade, fishing for flashy trout in cold the more romantic say they are proud day's ride by wiry Indian pony, scram mountain streams, and in the fall months in their grandeur, defiantly scorning the bling up canyons and ravines out of the gathering the fruit of the pinon pines, insignificance of the valley, the rolling mesquite, through scrub oak and cedar, tiny, rich nuts that are munched as tid hills, and the winding river at their foot, into the pine, and higher into spruce and bits in prosperous years and become a preferring to harbor the fleecy, white aspen, where the atmosphere is always staple when crops and the sale of calves clouds that often surround their summit. easily burned. Temperature was soaring above 100 degrees daily, humidity was very low, and winds were strong. The rough mountains had very few trails and were covered with dense brush 4 to 7 feet high which was almost impenetrable. Horses or pack animals were not avail able, hence food and water had to be packed to the fire line by men on foot. Brush and timber were so inflammable that the flames became a crown fire at times as high as 100 feet, jumping over control lines and endangering the lives of the fire fighters. Smoke from the fire was visible at Phoenix and other valley towns miles away. Against all these odds, the men by working day and night had the fire under control 2½ days after it was discovered. Cost of extinguishing this la rge fire, in cluding labor, supplies, and transporta tion, totaled more than $5,000. Compared with the far-reaching effects Showing destruction by fire of a pin e. for est. of the fire, the actual costs of putting out the Saddle Mountain fire was small. ginally of brush or chaparral of scrub U. S. Forest Service in 1931 to conduct This fire destroyed all trees, shrubs, live oaks, manzanitas, mountain-mahog erosion and streamflow investigation on grasses, and weeds in its path and left anies, sugar sumacs, huckthorns, silk the Salt River watershed From the only a mass of ashes and blackened skel tassels, and other evergreen shrubs. examinations made to date it is estimat etons of charred trees and shrubs . Three Brush area of this type furnishes forage ed that it will be many years before the hundred acres of mature timber, mostly for cattle and sheep and serves to control vegetation completely recovers from the Arizona cypresses and ponderosa pines eros ion and regulate the flow of streams. damage of this fire . with some pinon and junipers, were The burned area is being observed by Most of the brush, although killed to burned. the Parker Creek Branch of the South the ground, survived through deep roots. Vegetation on the remaining area, western Forest and Range Experiment When the delayed summer ra ins of 1934 McNnry lumber mill, one of the lnrgest and nwst modern mills in the Sou thwest, located at McNary in the White Mountains. about seven square miles, consisted ori- Station, which was established by the finally started the last of July, these roots sent up numerous sprouts. By the fall of 1934 these sprouts averaged one foot in height and in 1935 they grew another foot. In the spring of 1937 they averaged 3 to 4 feet high. The ■ ■ burned area is still easily recognizable Fires Damage Arizona Watersheds by the smaller sprouts and older dead limbs. S crub live oa,ks, killed to the ground By ELBERT L. LITTLE, JR. 1937, after three years. This fire, the Gregg hornbushes, which are important by fir e, are sending out shoots from one on Saddle Mountain, occured on the browse plants, and manzanitas are unabl e their roots. After two growing sea Tonto National Forest about 50 miles Arizona Lumber & Timber Co. mill at Flag staff. to produce sprouts, and hence were en sons th ese sprouts nrc only two feet northeast of Phoenix in an inaccessible, tirely destroyed by the fire. Grasses, high. EDITOR'S NOTE-The author of this article, Elbert L. Little, Jr., is rugged portion <>f Mazatzal Mountains which are more valuable than shrubs as a member of the research staff of 4,500 to 6,500 feet above sea level. A forage and in preventing soil erosion, the Southwestern Forest and Rang e total of 7½ square miles of mountainous were killed . Because of the difficulty Experiment Station; maintained at watershed at the head of Sycamore of reseeding after the topsoil is washed Tucson, Ariz., in co-operation with the University of Arizona, and cov Creek, a tributary of the Verde River, away, grasses recover from fire slowly. ering the states of Arizona , New was devastated. Thus both forage and protective water Mexico and the west half of Texas . As this remote area was not then cov shed cover are reduced by fires. ered by lookout towers and as visibility In places the heat from the flames was was obscured by smoke from other fires , so intense that rocks were charred and this fire, probably set by lightning, was IRES on the brush-covered shattered, and duff and roots of herba not discovered unti l it had ga'ned con mountains o_f c~ntral Arizona ceous vegetation were completely consum siderable headway. Facilities for the are destructive m many ways, ed. However, where the brush cover detection of fires in the Mazatzal Moun according to studies being made was not so thick and the fire not so tains have been improved this year by I by the U. S. Forest Service. In severe, grasses survived. A few annual the construction of a new lookout tower addition to burning of timber, weeds of slight value for forage and on Mount Ord . forage, and other plant cover, fires have cover, called firewood because they fol more serious and lasting effects in the When the Saddle Mountain fire was low burns, were also present after the removal of soil and in the damage caused detected, availabl e men of this sparsely fire. by the floods which follow. On the val settled area were away fighting other Chaparral, or brush vegetat ion , has uable watersheds of Arizona above large fires. However , 150 men, including Civ high value for watershed protection in reservoirs, increased soil erosion by fire ilian Conservation Corps enrollees from controlling soil erosion and floods. In Tonto National Forest camps, were re and other causes results in greater de southern California, where similar hill cr uited from points 25 to 50 miles distant. posits of silt in these reservoirs. sides are covered by chaparral vegetation, The fire fighters found nature against high losses in property and even lives are Investigation of one large area burned them. The summer of 1934 was one of caused by floods on burned watersheds. in July, 1934, shows that damaging influ the driest on record, and lack of rain (Continued on Page 26) ences of the fire are still being felt in caused the vegetation to be parched and DECEMBER, 1937 ARIZONA HIGHWAYS 13
mbcC!tommi!ision's jf aretudl to m. ~. ®'C!tonnell
~bereas: THOMAS SARSFIELD O'CONNELL. State Highway Engineer, has handed in his resignation and laid aside his work as a builder of highways in our state, and has gone from us to become a master builder of higher ways in realms beyond the ken of men, and we, the Arizona State Highway Department, must now, bowing to the will of God, accept his r.esignation and take up our tasks anew without his guidance and without his help: . : Therefore it is fitting that this department should inscribe upon its records, and publish and declare to all the people of the state, and to the bereaved to whom he was so dear in life, our testimonial of his splendid character and worth. In his many years of service in this department, from rodman to chief executive and adminis trative officer of the department, he has ·gained and kept, and now has the universal love and ·.esteem of the thousands of workmen with whom he labored, from the lowliest toiler to the most skilled artisan. He at all times wis uniformly fair, courteous, dignified, kind and just to those with whom he was called to work, and rendered to the laborer with the pick the same courteous and considerate treatment given to the highest officer in the department; He toiled with an unfaltering zeal for the welfare of his state; through his untiring efforts and un equalled ability he placed our state upon one of the highest pedestals among the states of the nation, as builders of lanes of traffic throughout the land; He gained for himself and for the state the esteem, cooperation and respect of the administrative officers of other states and of the United States; he has been brought into high places in the councils rich ~heir place- oF po.r.rin:i, of highway organizations and engineers of the nation, and become a leader among the builders of roads; He brought into harmony with the department the other officers of the state and the munici od how ✓ We-ef- mu.rr be their fleep palities of the state, and builded a monument in his behalf and theirs in glistening lines of concr ,ete binding here de/er~ monk ✓ are ma ✓✓ 1n9 together cities, counties, and hamlets from boundary to boundary, carrying golden cargos from people to people, and bringing into unity the inhabitants of the scattered habitations of the state. And ore-. marchin5 twent~ deep. He is gone; we will see him no more in office or shop or on highway. But he will long live in the love and memory of the thousands with whom he has toiled, and of the people of this state whom he has served so well; He will live in broad, smooth highways climbing among the pines of the mountains, over the glistening sands of the deserts, along farms and fields, and skirting canyon rims and silvery lakes; He will live in the stately arches of bridges he has built and the rushing torrents they span; in winding curves; .in conquer ,ed grades, in culverts, dips and curbs; in the perfect highway he has taught us to build. Therefore, be it resolved that we, The Highway Department of Arizona, acting through the State Highway Commission, do most grievously deplore his untimely departure; that we ,extend to the people of the state our sympathy for the great loss they have suffered in his going; and do we especially offer to those · who were ·nearest ' and dearest to him our undivided love, condolence and hope for them in this their greatest bereavement: .. · A~d. · be it further resolved that this · re.solution be spread ~pon the permanent minutes of the Highway Commission _,· and as recorded and signed to the relatives of the departed.
ARIZONA STATE HIGHWAY COMMISSION
CHAIRMAN .
·-~ . . . VICE CHAIRMAN. ·.
. MEMBER . . c.t. ~ MEMBER. '//?~~~ 1 ?t,,#' ~ MEMBER. DECEMBER.1937 ARIZONA HIGHWAYS 15
EDUCATEDMULES ■ ■ ■
out and Shorty gets down to serious take such liberties without first speak a stall where a mule was dozing, and business. An assistant instructor is ing to the mule and making sure he things happened-fast. That stall had brought in. While a green mule may not hears him. Without this precaution, enough mule in it to fill a barn-any know all the fancy steps of his cousin, there'd probably be a new wx·angler with how that's how it seemed to the guide. the "Bronc," he has some special tricks a halo and a pair of wings. While there have been no fatalities from tucked under his skin that are likely to Most of the new guides that come to such fracases, guides have been scared make even the good riders "pull leather" the Canyon are cow hands accustomed out of the barn for a week after mixing or collect sand burs in vital parts of to working with horses. One of first with a startled mule. Mules don't doze aboard their anatomies. In this more advanced lessons they learn, and one they seldom on the trails, however, so no need to worry class, an occasional pupil may flunk his about waking them there. something special-a graduate forget, is never to go into a mule's stall grades, and then over the hill he goes without first making sure the mule Mules were selected for the trails be• who earned his "D. D." (Doctor to drag a plow through the cotton fields knows they're there. Some guides, un cause they exercise good judgment in a11 of the Salt River Valley. familiar with mules, have had lively ex emergency, and their personal habits are of Dudes) degree in a college Trail stock replacements are generally periences by overlooking this detail. circumspect. Unless they're hungry, for mules. He's trained by recruited in the fall, and preliminary Without thinking, they've walked into (Continued on Page 20) training is given during the winter and "Shorty," an old cow hand spring. In early spring, the new string "Old Grads" taking a party of du.des over the River Trail that connects Bright Angel from the short-grass plains of is brought to the Canyon from the train and Kaibab trails at the bottom of the Canyon. ing ranch, and they get their finished ed Texas. ucation on the trails. The first few trips down the trails are made without loads. Although the grade of the trail is easy, it is constant, and it's not uncommon to see several ~ new mules calmly sitting on their pos teriors, resting their legs. Most of the braking is applied with the hind legs and with muscles accustomed to moving on ground more or less level. So when cries of a spectacular experience. The the student mule feels he's had enough, trails are amply wide to satisfy any he sits down and takes a rest. But he body but a neurotic, and not a dude mule soon catches on to the new balance of has toppled off the path. Compare that the trail and is then given a pack to record to a day's motor drive on one of carry. our modern highways! Every conceivable condition is invented Such a record for safety didn't "just to bring out defects that may prove happen." Credit it to mule-temperament dangerous to guests. The mules are and training-training that began with made familiar with anything they're the mule's forefathers. If it is true that likely to meet on the trails that might "the sins of the parents are visited upon give them fright and cause them to bolt. By H. G. FRANSE dudes might ride down the trails with a their children and their children's chil But the mule has a brave heart and is maximum of comfort and safety. dren," then the lives of a trail mule's not easily stampeded. He may be short Some tall tales are told how mules ancestors are of a certainty above re on imagination, but he's 1ong on de hang over sheer cliffs, and only by will proach. Should a candidate for the job termination. HEN YOU RIDE a mule on one power alone were the riders able to of toting lean papas and plump mamas . An airplane flew over the Canyon, and of the ladder-like trails lead on the Canyon trails show evidence that keep from toppling into the Canyon. the pilot, apparently without thinking ing into that great chasm, his ancestors made "\Vhoopee," he doesn't This, of course, is totally fiction. Half of trail parties, swooped down in a Grand Canyon, to a spot about get the job-he doesn't so much as get a dozen strong men and a shot of loco power dive over a string of mules with a I two whoops anq. a holler from out of the pen at the mule barn where weed couldn't induce a trail mule to party of guests on Bright Angel Trail. the well-known locality famous trail stock is bought. The buyer who hop over a cliff. He's just as anxious Had the guests been mounted on horses for its torrid climate, you're not riding selects 1> , ,~ mules has, in various capaci to stick on the trail as his rider is, and it is tragic to imagine what might have just another mule. You're aboard some ties, handled mules on the trails for a lot more apt to do it. During the happened. But not with the mules. Ac thing special-a graduate who earned more than thirty years. Rarely does he third of a century that mules have been cording to the guide, about the only his "D. D." (Doctor of Dudes) degree err in judging one of the animals. making daily trips from the rims to the notice the mules gave the plane was a in a college for mules. He's trained by river at the bottom of the Canyon, When a mule is chosen, he's loaded in flick of their ears to identify the un "Shol'ty," an old cow hand from the there's not a single instance of a trail to a car and shipped to the training familiar sound. short -grass plains of Texas. mule rider being seriously injured on the ranch, where he's enrolled in the kinder . Shorty knows his mules. Walking Shorty has looked at the south .end of trails. A sprained ankle, now and then, garten class. Shorty teaches all the through the ·corral, he cal) call each of many a steer going north, but gave up while ge_tting on or off mules, about grades and starts his pupil off with the 125 animals by name. ·Not only has punching cows when steers lost their sums up the casualties. After polishing simple things like wearing a halter and he ·a ·speaking acquaintance with them, horns and the job got soft. Shorty's saddle-leather on the . 7-1~2-mile trail, leading in a string. These lessons are · but he has their ·confidenee, too. It is topped with a bushy crown of snow some inexperienced riders may tempor easy and generally all the candidates nothing for Shorty to walk up behind a white hai r , in vivid contrast to a brilliant arily feel they're seriously and per qualify. mule and pat him on the legs without the cerise complexion. He got like that manently hurt, but a hot bath and an Then the class is promoted to more slightest attempt , by the mule t~ pat while giving lessons to mules so that hour's rest leave nothing ·but fond meni- advanced work. Saddles are brought · Shorty in return. . But Shorty doesn't tlie hea vy infant in her arms during a long march. _ We can picture her la ying the baby in the shelter of a rock or trees ~hile she wove a rude basket or pouch of willow 's and lined it with grass. Int o this the baby was placed and the basket slung on her shoulder, a band of bark around her forehead bea ring the brunt of the burden. Today the Navajo baby spends the first year of its life in a cradle board not far removed from that prim itive mother's first effo1t. Laced on a smooth board padded with the shredd ed inside of cedar bark, th e litt le fell ow is hung on a limb of the t r ee where hi s mother weaves, or journeys along with her while she herds the sheep. There came a tim e in primitive man's slow journey toward enlightened civili zation when the urge to express hims elf in more lasting manne r than by speech and gesture became imperative. He Pa.pago squaw carrying wood in a hand-wov en basket. wished to leav e a record of hi s achieve ments-his brave deeds of valor - his mt am :rng th e Arizona Indians. A thou place it was essential to carry water hunting exploits, and w;th bits of flint sand years later we newcomers, today, along. Looking about her the prehistoric or petrified wood he inscribed deeply on puzzle our brains over this ancient art. woman found hollow reeds and giant tules the smooth dark stones surrounding his When one buys a beautiful piece of which she cut off below the points and home, the lasting saga of his daily life. Pueblo pottery from the smiling matron cleansed of pith. A rude stopper kept Potte1·y , bas ket and wea ·;,er in a prehistoric home. Thus on nature's blackboard the figures that fashioned it one buys more than a the small amount of water they would of birds, beasts and barter are preman knick -knack. It, more than any other hold from leaking out, but this supply ently chronicled. And so began graphic article of Indian manufacture, is the di was too pitifully small. Wild gourds rect result of evolution. Even in the dark were her next step, and they served the ages of cavelife existence, the woman of purpose much better, but were brittle the house found that some sort of recep and frail. The obvious thing to do Wa~ tacle was . 11ecessary to hold and store protect them with a woven cover of '\v'il~ water in time of siege and drought. low and grasses, and to hold these 111•:i~ ARIZONA'S ANCIEN'T ARTS Moreover, when the tribe made long terials in place wet clay was daubed j ourneys or pilgrimages from place to thickly over the entire outside and allo, v ed to harden. Among the Apaches and H elen McCab e, Navajo teach er at MRS. WHITE MOUNTAIN SMITH and crafts to meet the demands of these A Pi-ma woman wea ves dreams into ci basket. Supais baskets with a narrow thtoat R ed Lak e day school. wh ite visitors for cheap imitations of : were woven and closely covered with ·th e white toys and knick~knacks. This sort , pitch from their native pine trees. Even of thing, , however, is being discouraged by today these vessels are made and used 00 OFTEN when' we think of several organizations interested in pre- . by those two tribes. Indian handiwork we give it se1·ving and teaching appreciation of In But the inquisitive Pueblos kept experi the same significance, or insig dian Art. The more level-headed Indians menting with the baskets and clay. Their nificance, we attach to china themselves are against ~uch practices I roasting baskets were flat, turning up painting, cutwork 01 :ace mak and it will die of its own accord. at the rim only enough to keep the seeds ing indulged in by white women, a sort of The lovely pottery of today, the beauti or corn grains or acorns or pinons from "passing-away-time" amusement. ful graceful baskets we white folk covet,' rolling out. These, too, were thickly the lasting artistic blankets so full of the This is not correct. Handiwork with an daubed with clay and into th em along color and romance of the Southwest, these Indian woman is a serious matter and is with the food to be parched live coals and the dozen other articles commonly born of stern necessity. Not an article were introduced. The basket's content s pro!}uced by the busy brown hands of our made by an Indian man or woman is were kept moving by rapid shaking so the purely for ornament or amusement. Each Indian friends are one and all .the re- : food would not burn. After awhile th e and every article laboriously manufac suit of evolution. Necessity indeed has basketry burned away leaving the fir e tured by them is turned out as the result been the mother of invention. seasoned clay as hard and stable as ever. of seeking some means to make their hard The ancient carrying board of the "If the clay keeps its shape and does not gruelling lives easier. I will temper that prehistoric baby, bits of which we find in statement to this extent-in recent years the old time dwellings, was doubtless the crumble why do we need the willow and some Indian villages regularly visited result of a weary desperate mother's grasses woven into it?" the women aske d by tourists have prostituted their arts despair when she could no longer carry · themselves, and so pottery cooking ves- mals quickly replaced the native cotton and r abbit skins. Here was plenty of material close at hand and it walked around on its living feeding ground read y to be snatched out handfuls at a time as needed. And that is literally what th e Indians did, they pu lled the wool out by hand until not so many years ago whe n the first shearing knives were introduced by the wh it e traders. Today the art of weaving means a million dollars a year to those who traffic in Navajo blank ets. And it is the direct result of one of the oldest prehistoric arts. Thus we have three of the oldest known types of handiwork-pottery, basketry and weav ing. In an article to follow th e modern arts and crafts of our present day Indians will be pictured .
MISTAKES
When a plumber makes a mistake he Great pottery ollas stored water in time of siege. charges for it. When a lawyer makes a mistake, it sels were adopted by those wise women. were harvested and comprised the major means more business. After the cooking vessels came large item of the win ter's larder . Baskets were When a doctor makes a mistake, he qowls to hold the cooked food, and ollas the ideal container for them, air could buries it. were made as water containers. Because pass throu gh the woven material and When a judge makes a mistake, it every Indian has an innate and unquench yet mice and rats could be shut out. becomes a law: ;ble -love of beauty, line and color, the Basketry became one of the outstanding When a preacher makes a mistake, no decorations were placed on these bowls. industries of the Indians, and today there body knows the difference. With ~nfading paints made of herbs and is always a market for a well made bask But when an editor makes a mistake, ores ~~d with a bit of yucca fibre for a et, whether it be the brilliant willow good night !- Bulletin brush, _these vanished women poured out weave of the Third Mesa Hopis or the their inmost dreams on the pottery we striking black and white woven poem of find in sand buried ruins, and following The Navajo baby smiles from his the Apache or Pimas. cradle. Photo by Dr. C. G. Salsbury. in their footsteps the Pueblo women of In the far prehistoric days weaving t~day are artists of the first water when was brought to a very fine art. We find it comes to decorating their native pot burial robes woven of yucca fibre into 165 degree l"t.i.rve at Gold Roads will soon be eliminated : tery. smooth beautiful ropes, and wound with Clay _bowls and cooking utensils were turkey feathers. Sandals, much as the Ori all very well for the women with an es enta ls of today wear, are frequent finds tablished home, but for the gadabout in the excavated homes deserted a thous they were too hea vy and breakable. And and years ago. The most beautiful cloth :so the tra veler stuck to baskets for car fashioned of a native cotton or perhaps rying her surplus food and eventually all flax, with distinct patterns, are carefully tribes wove and cherished great jar-like protected and preserved und er gla ss in baskets for the storing of pinon nuts, our leading Museums. This work was acorns and shelled corn. In the Pima not done for pastime. The sandals protect ii'.nd Papago Reservations mesquite beans UNFINISHED BUSINESS--- the feet of their makers from thorns and cactus, the yucca robes loving ly First graphic art of the S outhwest Indian s. encased the dead when they were bu r ied : WARNINGSIGNS SAVE LIVES, BUT DO NOT The cloth was woven for garments, some REMOVEACCIDENT CAUSES. DRIVERS times ceremon ial, sometimes as bridal NEED SAFETY l3UILT INTO "THE HIGHWAY garme nts, more often to shield their wearer from heat and cold. Bit by bit the weav ing seemed to die out except among a few of the Pueblo villages. But in 1539 the Spanish ad venturers came and brought sheep to Arizona. The fleeces from these ani- DECEMBER, 1937 ARIZONA HIGHWAYS 21
IDHATEVER mule Public to Shape Road Program ARIZONA HIGHWAYS you happen to draw, your PUBLISHED IN THE INTEREST OF GOOD ROADS BY THE W HAT is expected of our highways? ARIZONA HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT chances for a safe and inter BERT CAMPBELL, EDITOR Such a simple question would appear to have an easy. almost esting trip are about 100 per CIV ILIZATI ON l<' OLLOWS 'J'HE B1PHOVED HIGHWAY obvious answer. But place this question before ten individuals ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR cent, and you'll have, intact, and it is likely th ere will be ten different answers, Thos . H. Mac PRESCOTT ~ I COURIER Donald, chief of the U. S. Bureau of Public Roads, recently told a sort of made-to-measure an assemblage of state highway officials . VOL. XIII DECEMBER, 1937 No. 12 tour on a mule that's gone to Extend the inquiry further and the answers will continue to vary widely and to be limited only by th e number of groups ap R. C. STANFORD, GOVERNOROF ARIZONA school. ARIZONA STATE HIGHWAY COl\Il\1ISSION proached. Each of these reactions may be different, may be even SHELTON G. DOWELL, E . C. SEALE, antagonistic, and yet be wholly sincere and logical. taken Cha,rm o.n. Douglas Commissio ner, Prescott J. W .. ANGL:i;: , J'OHN M. SCOTT, singly as related to the individual or to one group. V1ce•Cha1rman. T ucson Commission er, Holbrook R. G. LAr:,G~fADE , l\1. L. WHEELER , Not only is this wide variation existing now, but the greatly Com1;11s ,on er , .Pboenlx Sec retary, Pboenix desired highway servic es of the moment are quite different than A. R. LY NCH, Assi stant Attorney General, Spec ial Couns el those of five or ten years ago and much different than we must HOW ARD s. REED, STATE HIGHWAY ENGINEER believe they will be in the future. The United States has been passing through a period of high way transportation development that has no parallel in any • country and that cannot possibly be paralleled here by similar experience in the future. In the year 1923 ther e were in opera TABLEOF CONTENTS tion in this country 15 million motor vehicles. Now , in 1937, IN MEMORIAM ...... l ; \,/, . •• , j· ' only 14 years later, there are in operation more than 28 million .,., .,,,,A~ · - an increase of nearly 100 per cent. OLD PUEBLO ...... : ...... 2 ' ✓ '; In 1960, it is competently estimated, there will be 37 million THE WISHING SHRINE ...... 4 motor vehicles in operation, which would mean a further in By A. S. R eyno lds th e chances are you'll draw "Peanut," a creafe of 32 per cent in 23 years. But in 1923 the number of blue-nosed mule, weighing a thousand motor vehicles was one-half that of today, the normal speed was TREASURES OF HEALTH AND WEALTH...... 6 about one-half to two-thirds the present normal spe~d of pas i pounds, and with a comfortable gait. GRAHAM MOUNTAINS ...... L. 8 But if the tra nsportation man checks you senger cars. Yet it is easily remembered that the public expec tation-rather, its vociferous demand - of the highway builders FIRES DAMAGE ARIZONA WATERSHEDS ...... 10 as a "heavy," then you'll likely be in the in 1923 was not to provide roads that in 14 years would carry By Elbe r t L. Little, Jr. care of "Supai." Anything over 200 two vehicles for each one, and these moving at unforeseen pounds' displacement goes as a "tonner" higher speeds, but to build surfaces with the greatest possible DESERT MONKS ...... 12 The training of trail mule s begins with their ancesto1·s. and "Rhodi e" gets the job. economy to permit stretching the dollars over the maximum RESOLUTIONS BY HIGHWAY COMMISSION mileage of main routes as yet impossible for motor traffic in Whatever mule you happen to draw, ON DEATH OFT . S. O'CONNELL ...... 13 wet weather. No matter how far-visioned, the highway designer your chances for a safe and interesting was dealing not with the future but with pioneer necessities . EDUCATED MULES ...... i4 trip are about 100 per cent, and you'll To criticize what has been done only displays unfamiliarity with By H. G. Franse have, in fact, a. sort of made-!o-measur e the conditions that were controlling. Educated Mules ARIZONA 'S ANCIENT ARTS ...... 16 tour on a mule that's gone to school. The picture is changed now, but there is still too much hazy By Mrs. White Mountain Smith thinking, Mr. MacDonald believes. There has been, he mys, too much of the spirit of controversy and too little hard study and EDITORIAL PAGE ...... 21 (Continued from Page 15) In th e lower grades of their college course, the candidates for a job in the "Dud e String" are first trained as packers on the trails. Th is is how the pump house. at analysis of the transportation services required or desired by they will not eat -n either will they drink the public for the purpose of adjusting these to the best trans TUMACACORI, MONUMENT TO CHRISTENDQM ...... 22 In dian Gardens went into th e Canyon. for the sake of drinking. Apparently portation method or combination of methods. New policies and COMMISSION NOTES ...... 23 nature endowed mul es with a better set new activities that are now under way, he thinks, give assurance I that the future of highway development will more and more ROAD PROJECTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION ...... is of controls than tho se conferred on man rest upon sound research. lkind. Some say that mules are stub And according to another official of the bureau of public OUR COVERPICTURE born, but that is not ent irely tr ue . Th ey roads, the motor vehicle users will be called upon to help guide Early morning on Highway 77, betwe en Pinetop and McNa;y. merely have the courage of their con federal and state officials toward a new national highway de vict ions and are difficult to swerve. velopment program based on such research. . Assigning mules to their r ider s is not "The people themselves are going to have a chanc~ to help ------• develop the country's roads in the future," he said. "In co-op GENE R AL OFl!'ICE a hit -and-miss operation, eith er . When SID Sl\IYTH, J. S. MILLS , eration with 44 sta tes--all but Alabama, Connn ecticut , New D eputy St a te Engin eer Engineer of Estimates ypu step up to the transportation desk VE H NON G DAVIS H. C. HA'l'CHER, York and Rhode Island - we are conducting highway surveys. Vehi cl e Superintendent Statist ica l Engine er of one of the hotels at the Canyon and A great mass of federal material on all phases of highway build R. A. HOFFMAN. WILLIAM F . CLARK, Bridge Eng in eer Chi ef Acco unt ant b,ook a mule trip down th e trails, you ing, costs and usages is being assembled. E. V. MILLER, W. M. MURRAY, may wonder why the clerk gives you an Engine er of P lan s Superintendent of Stores "After the states get all the data and the bureau and state J. W. POWElliS, THOMAS RUMANS , highway officials have analyzed it, we will outline a tentative Engine er of Materials Patrol Superintendent appraising look and th en jots down some A . B. CAMPBELL, .TACK D. SHELEY. figures on th e register sheet. He 's esti program and invite Mr. and Mrs. John Motorists and all their Superintendent of Equipment Right of w ·a y Agent · friends to express their opinion. SW ,AN A. ERICKSON, l\IORGAN G. PRATT mating your weig ht , whic h he turns over Eng in eer of Cert ifi cation Purchasing Agent .T. R. VAN HORN, 'l'r aff ic and Stat e ·Wide P lann in g Engineer- to the trail foreman, who ass igns you "In other words, we're going to draw the picture of highway 'leeds and show the cost of a road building plant to meet these FIELD ENGlNEERS your mule for the trip. If you happen GEORGE B. SHAFFER, Di s t ri ct Engineer D ist ri ct No . 1 t1eeds and then give the taxpayers an opportunity to express I<'. N. GRAN'l'. Distr ict E n gin eer - - - Distr ict No. 2 to be a slip of a girl that clocks th e their ideas on whether they approve the state expenditures R. C. PERK I NS , D istrict Eng in eer - - . Di s trict No. 3 \V . R. HU'£CI-IINS, District Engineer - . Di s trict No . 4 i::cales at less than a hundred pounds, necessary to carry out the program." PER CY JONES , Ch ief Locating E n gin ee r DECEMBER,1937 ARIZONA HIGHWAYS 23 Arizona Highway Commission Notes
OCTOBER 20, 1937 ject to such conditions, as may be made missioner Seale , and unanimou sly car The Arizona State Highway Commis by the Landscape Engineer, F. M. ri ed, that the high bid 0£ J. Paul Mos sion met in reg ula r session in their of Guil'ey. seau of Phoenix, on Lot 4, in the amount fices in the Highway Building at 10 :00 Mr. Albert Stevens of Glendale re of $10 be accepted, providing, t he mat er A. M., October 20, 1937. Those present quested a temporary or permanent per ial is mov ed away, according to th e speci were: Vice-Chairman Angle, Commis mit to lay a three-quarter inch pipe on fications. sioners Langmade, Scott and Seale, al the northeast side of Hadsell A venue in On the r ecommendation of the Sup er so the Secretary and Assistant Attorney the Hadsell Addition, Glendale, for a inten dent of Equipment, it was moved by General Lynch. Commissioner Angle pre distance of approximately 150 feet for Comm issioner Angle, seconded by Com .. sided in the absence of Chairman Dowell, the purpose of carrying water to his missioner Seale, and unanimously car and H. C. Hatcher acted in the absence of stock. It was regularly moved by Com ried, that the high bid of Don Pace, of the State Engineer. missioner Langmade, seconded by Com Safford, on Lot No. 5, in the amount of Upon the recommendation of Mr. missioner Seale, and unanimousl y car $10 and on Lot No. 6, in the amount of Hatcher, who presented a lett er of prior ried, that a temporary permit to expire $45, be accepted, providing the material concurrence from the Bureau of Public May 1, 1938, be granted Mr. Stevens; the is moved away according to the specifi Roads, it was moved by Commissioner pipe line permit laid unde r the super cations . Seale, seconded by Commissioner Scott, vision of the Engineering Div ision . At the request of the Commission, ML and carried, that the contract on the It was regu lar ly moved by Commis Hatcher advised A. E. Parmer, who with Cottonwood-Sedona Highway, F. A. sioner Langmade, seconded by Commis his Department Head had been requested (1938) A. F. E. 7929, be awarded to the sioner Seale, and unanimously carried, to come before the Commiss ion , that since low bidder, W. E. Orr, Contractor, in that resolution pertaining to the estab it had come to the Comm ission' s attention the amount of $102,089. 58, subject to the lishment, location and re location and tickets for a proposed dance are bein g rules and regulations of th e Bureau of specific designation of the Benson sold in whol esa le lots to diff erent busi Public Roads. Steins Pass Highway, Project No. 130, ness people doing business with the Hig·h Upon the reading of a letter of rec Section A, be adopted. way Department, many of whom hav e ommendation from District Engineer W. It was reg ularly moved by Commis protested the sale of tickets in this way, An excellent study of old Tum.acac01-iMission. R. Hutchins, it was moved by Comm is sioner Langmade, seconded by Commis the Commission had gone on record that sioner Seale, seconded by Commissioner sioner Sea le, and carried, that the Com this cease at once; also, that tickets Langmade, and unanimousl y carried, that mission adjourn at 4 :40 P. M., October shall not be sold during office hour s, the contract be awarded on the Tucson 20, 1937, to reconve ne again at 10 :00 A. nor shall highway equ ipment be used fo r MONUMENTTO » Streets, WPA 80-4-7, to the low bidder, M., Tuesda y, October 26, 1937. their distrib ution. White and Miller, on Alternate No. 1, in OCTOBER 26, 1937 A written request from Arno B. Cam the amount of $8,463.00. The Arizona State Highway Commis merer, Director of Tourist Bureau, Nat CHRISTENDOM Upon the reading of a letter of rec sion met in regular session in their of ional Park Service, Department of the Tumacacori-- · omme ndation from the Building Engi fices in the Highway Building at 10 :00 Interior, that the De-partment prepare neer, R. A. Hoffman, it was moved by A. M., October 26, 1937. Those present an address covering the outstanding hi s Commissioner Langmade, seconded by torical and scenic attraction of the State HE RUINS of old Tumacacori those of another race, it is said. There were: Chairman Dowe ll, Vice -Chairman By JOSEPH MILLER Commissioner Sea le, and unanimously Ang le, Commissioners Langmade, Scott for representation over an international stand today as mute evidenc e (Illustrations by Author) fore, the Mexican people and others carried, that the contract for an addition and Seale, also the Secretary and Assist hook-up during a series of 15-minute of a resolute struggle toward would scrawl an inscription on the inner to the General Office Building-A.F.E. ant Attorney General Lynch. Mr . H. C. radio broadca sts, which will exte nd over Christendom-a memorial to walls of the enclosure and leave the 330-2, be awarded to the low bidde r, H. Hatcher, Stati st ical En gineer, acted in a period of a year in weekly broadcasts, R. Meadows, in the amount of $30, 654.00. was presented. It was regularly moved I courageous padres whose ef by the local population, and several bur graves unidentified. th e absence of State Engineer T. E. O' On the recommendation of the Purchas by Commissioner Seale, seco nd ed by Com forts in converting the peace Connell. ials have been made there the last few The old mission today is practically as ing Agent, M. C. Pratt, it was moved by It was moved by Commissioner Scott, missioner Angle, and unanimou sly car ful Indians, despite repulsions by ma generations. it was when abandoned, except for neces Comm issioner Scott, seconded by Com seconded by Commissioner Seale, and car - ried, that the Secretary with the assis ra uding hostiles, were unprecedented. In the early days the Indians would sary restorative measures carried out mission er Seale, and unanimously car ried , Commissioner Dowell not voting, tanc e of any officials needed, secure and The mission twice destroyed, twice re ( Continued on Page 28) ried, that the bid on 65,476 feet of lum stating he was not very familiar with compile the data necessary for such a plunder the graves known to belong· to ber to be used for a WP A Project for broadcast . stored, was abandoned after a third raid th e facts in the case, that the recommen widening of bridges between Picacho and dation of the Locating Engineer with Mr. Hatcher presented a letter from a nd conflagration; the padres and many Burial plot of the old mission. Casa Grande be awarded to the low bid referencs to the change of alignment of Charles Upham, Secretary of the Ameri of their followers, journeying northward, der, the O'Malley Lumber Company, in the highway through Cactus Gardens be can Road Builders Association, request sought more peaceful env irons. the amount of $2,604.63. accepted. ing the Department to furnish competent It was re gularly moved by Commis 1t was moved by Commissioner Seale, speakers to make addresses prepared by San Jose de Tumacacori was one of a sioner Langmade, seconded hy Commis seconded by Commissioner Scott, and car th e Association at certain times over chain of missions extending from the sioner Seale, and unanimously carried, ried, Commissioner Dowell not voting, certain broa dcastin g stations in the Republic of Mexico. Five were in Ari that the application of the Cortaro Farms that a resolution pertaining to the es• State, the first address being scheduled zona, the northernmost being San Xavier Company for a permit to cross the Casa tablishment, location and relocation and for November _5th from Jerome . It was Grande Highway in the vicinity of Ma moved, seconded and carried, that the re about the plaza, pausing at the station months, the Papago tribesmen, who for Old Pueblo and also at the sma ller ramada where the the most part are cattlemen and ranchers, (Continued from Page 24) crucifix was placed the day before . gather in info rmal rodeos in prepara the final day's ceremonies. Picture s are Green leaves and flowers again are tion for an elimination of contestants for , not permitted to be taken during th e showered on the statue and its bearers, the Indian Day contests of La Fiesta de ceremonies. more cohetes are fired and the men shout los Vaqueros. Indian Day at the mid "On Easter Sunday the drum sounds and dance even more madly than on winter 1·odeo is fast becoming one of the before sunrise and the Indians gather Saturday morning. The harp and the most colorful events in the South west . for the recitation of the Litany of _ the violin , the gu it ar and the flute add their First of the all-Indian rodeos was held Saints in the ramada and in the plaza, noise to those of the drum and the rattle in October. Others will be held monthly When You Have Finished but aside from the occasional dances of then the little statue is borne to the ra until February, when the Indians con the Pascoleros, (masked dancers, stripped .ioicing that fills the air. Three times verge on Tucson for the show. to the waist, shell and gourd ornaments the procession winds about the plaza and It has been said that the Indian, th e fastened to their legs) it is quiet in the then the little statue is borne to the re Mexican, and the cattleman and cowboy Reading This Magazine plaza until about ten o'clock. mada for the last time where it is placed a1·e the most romantic figures in south After the faithful assemble in the ra on the flower decorated table beside the western history. Even today, as in his mada the women who have acted as lighted candles. tory, these people are predominant in the bearers in the Via Crucis procession After the sermon which ends the ser active life of Tucson and the "bi · little again appear wearing the white veils and vices the people gather about the dancers community" of the Old Pueblo. gi lt crowns. They lift the platform who now vie with one another in the in with its statue to their shou lders and, tricacy an d the daring of their steps, in preceded by two of the girls dressed abandon of thefr gestures but always Graham Mountain as virgins, they will run from the ramada moving 1·ythmically as if swayed by some (Continued from Page 9) to the station at the other end of the power beyond their control. By noon th e from another Eastern Arizona mountain lane of green boughs. This scene is to dancers have tired, anklets are unwound, gem-the Pinal Mountains. commemorate the visit of the three Marys belts untied and both hung from hooks Only 17 miles from U. S. Highways Mail it· to to the tomb. Upon their arrival the in the ceiling of the hut or safely stowed GO and 70, passing through Globe, is the dancers greet them with shouts, ~he music away with the othe r belongings of t he Fernda le recreation area, with one peak 1:Jeg~·ns arid the Pascoleros and the Mata visit or." rising to 9,185 feet above sea level. On .ihin~s: cq!Ilmence their dances _ of joy. As the Yaqui Indians (the race is often the top of this mountain supervisors of An Acquaintance ;!]1,E!; "{()men circle around the station and called the "People without a Country" the Crook National Forest have provided a,t opi?,e;r~turn to the ramada running as because they · were banned from Mexico many advantages for summer residents before. . This is repeated tw.ice and on and are not" citizens of the United States) and campers . Adequate camping facil the la,s,t r~tur _n the Gloria _i~ ~u·,;:;g l;iy the have their ceremonies, so too, do the ities have been provided and spring water cho1:t~ters. The processioJ"\ form~ a)'.l.d Papago Indians of the reservation west has been piped to camp sites, which are A :Library joiI,1ed now by the Matachinos all circle of Tucson. Here, during the winter clean and have sanitary conveniences . Wild life in the area is surprisingly tame, and with the curiosity of animals unm olested by hunte rs, somet imes wan der into the camps. Enrollees in CCC or camJ)S have deer for pets. Fi·om the ranger station atop the peaks, sentinels guarding over the virgin forest of gallant yellow pines, the lights of the City of Phoenix, 90 miles away, may be seen at night, and revolving bea A Travel B11reau cons of an airway, stretching across the horizon, unfold the magnitude of the vast area visible from the mountain . In Sotne --Other State Here again, just a gallon or two of gas off the main highways, are two areas of Don't Wonder, recreational opportunity and gorgeous scenic value, near civilization and yet Wait and Worry! far from city confinement. There is no need to wait for word Tumacacori-- about a business transaction, a reply Monument to Christendom to an urgent inquiry or a letter over (Continued from Page 22) due from a friend or relative. since 1908, when it was created a National Monument. Help Advertise Arizona Telephone and get the answer now. Tumacacol"i Nationa l Monument is a point of int erest-intrig uing moment, "Long Distance" will he glad to tdl located just east of U. S. Highway 89, you the rate to any points. about 49 m iles south of Tucson and 18 miles north of .Nogales. The monument is unde1· the superv ision of the National Pa1·k Service . Rangers on duty are The Mountain States Tel. & Tel. Company 'I eager to point out and desci-ibe the many interesting featu res and details. No ad- · I mission charge. P. L. & R. Sec. 562 U. S. POSTAGE Paid PHOENIX, ARIZONA Permit No . 22 THE II ARJUET F. Com.JUEJ ."IRFMAP of lhe Sta.le .of ARIZONA0 Sc~le :- ...,i' ' ~p~ Compi led . P ublish ed ana.So Jd hy !~~ZONA MAPPING SgRVJCE .ISl.Sl. Phoerux -A 1-i-,.ona Phon c 1?.'17/I . J?ro w n by llo.rri ctl •; Cohb ;°J>y .-1ght 1937-l! T.H.<>1,-v"·,- Vhoonix .A ,·iz . . ALL RIGHT S R1;;s 1-:nV1;;u