DOCSLIB.ORG

Appendices Appendix I

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Appendices Appendix I APPENDICES APPENDIX I CONTENTS OF THE EXCLUDED SECTIONS OF THE AlfJAR Square brackets specifY the folios and lines of MS Paris 5099 [58b21-59a11] Criticism of the views of Balinas and his followers. Bibliographic notice. The importance of the Kitiib al-lfudud: "While all other books should be read once a month, the lfudud ought to be kept before the eyes all the time!" [59b8-59b17] Digression into an elaboration of the concept of definition (I}add, pI. I}udud). Definition of definition (I}add al-I}add). Definition of alchemy. Definition oflove (cishq). Eulogy on the merits of the Kitiib al-lfudud. [60b7-62a13] Extensive alphabetical list of the names of drugs. Morphological analysis of the specified names. Supression of "excessive letters" and the determination of the primitive literal core in the appellations applied to drugs. Determination of the Balance of drugs. [62a17-62b14] The contents of the following three books. The importance of collecting together from the Al}jiir's four parts all the various aspects of the Science of Balance. 251 252 APPENDIX I [74al-75a22] Explanation of the "Socratic" values of the letters as these are presented in the immediately preceding table. The ABJAD system. Name-Nature correspondence. [78a4-79a6] Discourse on geometry. The three dimensions (abcad): length (~ul), breadth (carr!) and depth (cumq ). Geometrical/conceptual objects (caqli) and real/natural objects (~issi). The concept of a straight line (khat! mustaqim) , point (nuq~a) and center (markaz). Geometrical surfaces (su~u~), three-dimensional sensible bodies (ajsiim) , regular solid bodies (muCtadila). Curves (khu~u~ qawsiyya), chords (khu~u~ watariyya), circles (dii)ira, pI. dawii)ir), spheres (kura, pI. ukar). Arc (qaws) and segment/ cross-section (qi!,). Claim that the shape of animals arise out of straight lines, that of stones out of curves, and that of plants out of the combinations of straight lines and curves. The section contains three geometric illustrations. [79a14-80b20] Illustrative numerical examples of the calculation of the Balance of copper, gold, silver, lead, tin and iron. Digression into a discourse on the logical structure of geometrical proofs. Explication of the seven logical notions (sab c muqaddimiit) of the science of geometry: claim/predicate (khabar), likeness (mithiil) , absurdity (khalj), arrangement (n~m), differentia ifll!/), proof (burhiin) and conclusion (tamiimlnatija). Logical truths (!idq) and falsehoods (kadhib). [82a7-85a2] Bibliographic notice. Explication of the theory and practice of ceration (tasmic). The logical notion of, and the hierarchical relationship between, genus (jim), species (nawc) and individual (shakh!) CONTE NTS OF EXCLUDED SE CTI ONS 253 [86a6-86b26] Transmutation (isti~ala): its philosophical meaning and its alchemical meaning. Different forms of movement (~araka). [88a8-89a13] Further elucidation of the difference between spirits and bodies. Illustrative examples. [91b-95a] Exposition of the Balance of spirits. Worked-out examples to illustrate the numerical calculation of the Balance of spirits-yellow arsenic, red arsenic, yellow sulphur, red sulphur, sal ammoniac, camphor, etc. APPENDIX II MODERN EDITIONS AND TRANSLATIONS OF JABIRIAN TEXTS K = Kitab B. = Book S = Sdections Editions (1) Stede [1892]: K Hatk al-Asrar (B. of the Discovery of Secrets, Kr 972) (2) Berthdot and Houdas [1893], III: (i) K al-Mulk (B. of the Dominion, Kr 454) (ii) K al-Ra&ma al-$aghir (Small B. of Mercy, Kr 969) (iii) K al-Ra&ma al-Kabir (Great B. of Mercy, Kr 5) (iv) K al-TajmiC (B. of Concentration, Kr 398) (v) K al-Zibaq al-Sharqi (B. of Eastern Mercury, Kr 470) (vi) K Zibaq al-Gharbi (B. of Western Mercury, Kr 471) (vii) K al-Nar al-lfajar (B. of the Fire of the Stone, Kr 472) (viii) KArt! al-lfajar (B. of the Earth of the Stone, Kr 473) (ix) K al-Mawiizin al-$aghir(Small B. of Balances, Kr 980) (3) Holmyard [1928] (from an Indian lithograph of 1891): (i) K al-Bayan (B. of Elucidation, Kr 785) (ii) K al- Hajar (B. of the Stone, Kr 553) (iii) K al-Nur (B. of Light, Kr 17) (iv) K al-irja& (B. of Explication) (v) K Ustuquss al-Uss (B. of the Element of Foundation, Kr 617/8) 1 Tafiir K Ust. al-Uss (Comentary on the B. of the Elem. of Foun., Kr 9) (vi) K al-Tajrid(B. of Abstraction, Kr 399) (vii) (S) K al-Manfaca (B. of Utility, Kr 973) 255 256 APPENDIX II (viii) K al-Ra~ma al-~aghir (Small B. of Mercy, Kr 969) (ix) K ai-Malik (B. of the King, Kr 1985) (4) Kraus [1935]: (i) K Ikraj ma fi'l-Quwwa ila'I-Fi'l (B. of the Passage of Potential- ity to Actuality, Kr 331) (ii) K al-Hudud (B. of Definitions, Kr 328) (iii) K ai-Majid (B. of the Glorious, Kr 706) (iv) (S) K al-A~jar cala Ray Balinas (B. of Stones According to the Opinion of Balinas, Kr 307/308/310) (First Part / Second Part / (S) Fourth Part) (v) (S) K al-Khaw~! al-Kabir (Great B. of Properties, Kr 1900 - 1970) First Discourse / Second Discourse / Fifth Dicourse / Sixth Discourse / Tenth Discourse / Fifteenth Discourse / Sixteenth Discourse / Seventeenth Discourse / Nineteenth Discourse / Twentieth Discourse / Twenty First Discourse / Twenty Fourth Discourse / Twenty Fifth Discourse / Thirty Second Discourse / Thirty Third Discourse / Thirty Eighth Discourse / Sixty Third Discourse (vi) (S) K al-Sirr al-Maknun (B. of the Hidden Secret, Kr 389-391) (vii) (S) K al- TajmiC (B. of Concentration, Kr 398) (viii) (S) K al- T~rif(B. of Morphology, Kr 404) (ix) (S) K al-Miziin al-~aghir (Small B. of Balance, Kr 369) (x) (S) K al-Sabcin (LXX Books, Kr 123-192) (xi) (S) K al-Khamsin (Fifty Books, Kr 1835-1884) (xii) (S) K al-Ba~th (B. of Research, Kr 1800) (xiii) (S) K al-Rahib (B. of the Monk, Kr 630) (xiv) (S) K al-lfiifil (B. of the Result, Kr 323) (xv) (S) K al-Qadim (B. of the Eternal, Kr 981) (xvi) (S) K al-Ishtimiil (B. of Comprehensive Understanding) (5) Zirnis [1979] (unpublished): K US!uquss al-Uss (B. of the Element of Foundation, Kr 6/7/8) / Tafiir K US!. al-Uss (Comentary on the B. of the Elem. of Foun., Kr 9) MODERN EDITIONS AND TRANSLATIONS 257 (6) Lory [1988]: (S) K a/-Sabcin (LXX Books, Kr 123-192) K a/-Liihut (B. of Divinity, Kr 123) 1K a/-Biib (B. of Operation, Kr 124) IK a/-Thaliithin Ka/ima (B. of Thirty Words, Kr 125) 1 K ai-Munii (B. of Desire, Kr 126) 1 K a/-Huda (B. of Guidance, Kr 127) 1K ai-$ifot (B. of Attributes, Kr 128) IK <Ashara (B. of the Ten, Kr 129) IK a/-Nu'Ut(B. of Epithets, Kr 130) IK ai-<Ahd (B. of the Pact, Kr 131) 1K ai-Sabca (B. of the Seven, Kr 132) IK Tadbir ai-Arkiin wa'i-Usui (B. of the Treatment of Elements and Principles)' 1 K Hatk ~i-Asriir (B. of the Discovery of Secrets, Kr 972) 1K a/-$iiji (B. of the Pure, Kr 640) English Translations (1) Steele [1892]: K Hatk ai-Asriir (B. of the Discovery of Secrets, Kr 972) (2) Zimis [1979] (unpublished): K Ustuquss ai-Uss (B. of the Element of Foundation, Kr 61718) 1 Tafiir K Ust. a/-Uss (Comentary on the B. of the Elem. of Faun., Kr 9) French Translations (1) Benhelot and Houdas [1893], III: (i) K a/-Mu/k (B. of the Dominion, Kr 454) (ii) K ai-Ra~ma a/-$aghir (Small B. of Mercy, Kr 969) (iii) K ai-~ma a/-Kabir (Great B. of Mercy, Kr 5) (iv) K a/-TajmiC (B. of Concentration, Kr 398) (v) K a/-Zibaq a/-Sharqi(B. of Eastern Mercury, Kr 470) (vi) K Zibaq ai-Gharbi (B. of Western Mercury, Kr 471) * This work is not listed in the census of Kraus [1942-3]. 25S APPENDIX II (vii) K al-Nar al-lfajar (B. of the Fire of the Stone, Kr 472) (viii) KArt! al-lfajar (B. of the Earth of the Stone, Kr 473) (ix) K al-Mawazin al-~aghir (Small B. of Balances, Kr 980) (2) Corbin [1950]: K aI-Majid (B. of the Glorious, Kr 706) (3) Lory [1983]: (S) K al-Sabcin (LXX Books, Kr 123-192) K al-Lahut (B. of Divinity, Kr 123) I K al-Bab (B. of Operation, Kr 124) I K al-Thaliithin Kalima (B. of Thirty Words, Kr 125) IK al-Muna (B. of Desire, Kr 126) I K al-Huda (B. of Guidance, Kr 127) I K al-~ifot{B. of Attributes, Kr 128) I K al- <Ashara(B. of the Ten, Kr 129) I K al-NuCut (B. of Epithets, Kr 130) I K al­ cAhd (B. of the Pact, Kr 131) I K al-Sabca (B. of the Seven, Kr 132) German Translations (1) Siggel [1958]: K al-Sumum (B. of Poisons, Kr 2145) (2) Rex [1975]: K Ikraj ma fi>l-Quwwa ila'l-Fi'l (B. of the Passage of Potentiality to Actuality, Kr 331) BIBLIOGRAPHIC ABBREVIATIONS cAbd al-Jabbar [1974] = Qa(# cAbd al-Jabbar. Farll al-Ictizal, ed. F. Sayyid. Tunis: 1974. Abu Hanifa al-Dinawari [1888] = Abu Hanifa Ahmad ibn Da)ud al-Dinawari. Kitiib al-Akhbiir al-Tiwii4 ed. 'y. Guir~s. Leiden: 1888. Ackrill tr. [1963] = J. L. Ackrill. Aristotle's Catogories and De Interpretatione. Oxford: 1963. Affifi [1951] = A. E. Affifi. "The Influence of Hermetic Literature on Muslim Thought," Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studu~ 1951, 13, pt. 4, 840. al-cAmili [1940] = al-Amin al-cAmili. kyiin al-Shica, vol.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Full-Text (PDF)
    Vol. 16(8), pp. 336-342, August, 2021 DOI: 10.5897/ERR2021.4179 Article Number: B7753C367459 ISSN: 1990-3839 Copyright ©2021 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article Educational Research and Reviews http://www.academicjournals.org/ERR Review Scholars and educational positions under criticism and praise in the Medieval Islamic Era Hatim Muhammad Mahamid* and Younis Fareed Abu Al-Haija Department of Education, Faculty of Management and Organization of Education Systems, Sakhnin College for Teachers' Education, Isreal. Received 14 June 2021, Accepted 28 July 2021 This research focuses on criticism and praise in Arabic literature, history and poetry towards those in charge of the scientific movement in the Medieval Era. The research method was theoretical and qualitative. Many poets and scholars praised the rulers and sultans who established mosques and other educational institutions (madrasa-s) based on endowments, which had a role in sciences, intellectual and religious renaissance. They were subject to criticism or praise for their work or the educational role they followed. The topics of praise to the ulama centered on, their diligence and dissemination of science, as well as of their behavior and moral manners. On the other hand, the criticism of poetry centered on the mistakes of some scholars, their scientific stances in religious matters and criticizing scholars of the sultans for their attitudes in serving the rulers. Poets were also interested in criticizing scholars (ulama) who moved away from the path of morality, virtue, and shari‘a, and who lead the teaching without qualification or mismanagement of the educational process; and therefore do not preserve the rules of morality in lessons, education or discussions, and their lack of good morals towards students.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sermons of 'Ali Ibn Abi Talib
    ANUARIO DE ESTUDIOS MEDIEVALES 42/1, enero-junio de 2012, pp. 201-228 ISSN 0066-5061 doi:10.3989/aem.2012.42.1.10 THE SERMONS OF ‘ALI IBN ABI TALIB: AT THE CONFLUENCE OF THE CORE ISLAMIC TEACHINGS OF THE QUR’AN AND THE ORAL, NATURE-BASED CULTURAL ETHOS OF SEVENTH CENTURY ARABIA1 LOS SERMONES DE ‘ALI IBN ABI TALIB: EN LA CONFLUENCIA ENTRE LAS ENSEÑANZAS ISLÁMICAS DEL CORÁN Y LA ÉTICA CULTURAL BASADA EN LAS TRADICIONES ORALES SOBRE LA NATURALEZA DE LA ARABIA DEL SIGLO VII TAHERA QUTBUDDIN The University of Chicago Abstract: Sermons attributed to ‘Ali ibn Resumen: Los sermones atribuidos a ‘Ali Abi Talib (c. 600-661, fi rst Shi‘a imam ibn Abi Talib (c. 600-661, primer imam and fourth Sunni caliph) promoted core chií y cuarto califa suní) fomentaron las Qur’anic doctrine and ethics through an doctrinas y la ética coránicas fundacio- aesthetic steeped in the oral, nature-based, nales mediante una estética oratoria, im- poetic culture of seventh-century Arabia. buida de la cultura poética oral basada en Using traditional Arabian metaphors of metáforas de la naturaleza, característica camels, watering holes, and pithy, rhyth- de la Arabia del siglo VII. ‘Ali utilizaba mic, orality-grounded cadences, ‘Ali metáforas tradicionales de camellos y urged his audience to worship the One abrevaderos, junto con expresiones rít- God, follow the guidance of His prophet micas y lacónicas llenas de cadencias de Muhammad, shun worldliness, perform la oralidad, para instar a los oyentes a good deeds, and prepare for the imminent adorar al Dios único, seguir la dirección hereafter.
    [Show full text]
  • The Literary Contribution of Some Important Historians Contemporary to Shams Al-Din Al-Dhahabi
    THE LITERARY CONTRIBUTION OF SOME IMPORTANT HISTORIANS CONTEMPORARY TO SHAMS AL-DIN AL-DHAHABI DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY^ ALIGARH, U.P. (INDIA) FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF iWaiter of ^|)iIo«op^p IN ARABIC Under the Supervision of By Dr, Abdul Bari Mrs, Sultana Razia Khanam M.A. (Arabic & Urdu;, B.A. (Hons) (Dae), B.L., Ph.D. (Patna) M.A. (Alig.) DEPARTMENT OF ARABIC, ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH. 1986 J)s ^--1 ^g DS996 r"- ^«- •- Tele : 234 DEPARTMENT Of ARABIC ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH Dated..?*.**^..f.*^^.?^.».?.^ This is to certify that Mr«, ^Itena 'Isiasiw '^b^namhus ^one h#r M.Phil w®tlc uniar By suservlsion an4 h«s eoruDleted h«i» work succ«ssf!illy. This Is aa orlsrlnwl contrlbuties and «ntlr#ly h#r own* ( Pr* AHiuI Bari ) Sttparvlsor The tltl« ©f th» K^Phll m«sert«tloa is "Thf* T,lt«r?ry Contribution ©f 5-ORJ« lwf>ort'»T5t *!l?torl»»n!» Contvanwemrj to ^liras al-Dln CONTENTS Page Acknowledgement ... ... ... i Introduction Ibn al-Tiqtaqa ... ... ... 26 Abu al-Fida ... ... ... 62 Ibn Shakir al-Kutubi ... ... 7 9 Al-SafadI ... ... ... 86 Bibliography ... ... ... 99 I avail myself of this opportunity to express my high sense of gratitude to my learned supervisor and benign guide Dr. ''Abdul Barl, Reader in the Department of Arabic, Aligarh Muslim University, whose affectionate patronage and constant guidance have been an incessant source of information for me in completing this M.Phil. Dissertation entitled, "The Literary Contribution of Some important Historians Contemporary to Shams al-Din al-DhahabI" and whose valuable advice made this work possible to see the light of the day.
    [Show full text]
  • <Xref Ref-Type="Transliteration" Rid="Trans1" Ptype="T616795" Citart
    ON A NEW EDITION OF THE OF HASSAN B. THABIT1DIWA.N By M. J. KISTER The aim of the editor, Walid 'Arafat, 'to produce as complete a record as possible of the poetry ascribed to b. Thabit in the different recensions of the Diwin and in other sources.Iassn together with the scholia in the DIw~n, additional notes from other sources and editorial comments', as stated in his preface (p. 1), has been pursued by him with praiseworthy perseverance, zeal, and dedication. Ten different manuscripts of the Diwin have been closely examined and evaluated (introduction, pp. 10-23). The poems of the Diwan have been accordingly divided in the following manner: poems 1-225 from the MS Ahmet III, 2534 (T) form the main part of the Diwin; poems 226-63 from MS Ahmet III, 2584 (TA) form the second part of the Diwan called al-Ziyddat; the poems 264-372 are additions gathered from other sources (ziyaddt min ghayri al-diwdn). The 'Introduction' contains sections dealing with makhti.tdt the life of Hassan (pp. 3-7), former editions of the Diwan (pp. 7-10), recensions of the Diwdn and its MSS (pp. 10-23), and the authenticity of the poems (pp. 23-31). In his sharp criticism of the authenticity of a great many of the poems ascribed to Hassan, 'Arafat often refers to his own articles, basing his conclusions on an analysis of the style and composition of these poems, the historical circumstances and developments, and the statements of early Muslim scholars. The painstaking work of the recording of variants (riwiydt) and of sources (takhrij) has been done by 'Arafat with great accuracy; the second volume contains the scholia from the MSS and other sources, the editor's notes and comments, and detailed indexes.
    [Show full text]
  • Influencia Árabe En Las Letras Iberoamericanas Sergio Macías Brevis
    © Universidad Internacional de Andalucía © Universidad Internacional de Andalucía Influencia Árabe en las Letras Iberoamericanas Sergio Macías Brevis © Universidad Internacional de Andalucía COEDITAN: UNIVERSIDAD INTERNACIONAL DE ANDALUCÍA Monasterio de Santa María de las Cuevas Calle Américo Vespucio, 2 Isla de la Cartuja. 41092 Sevilla www.unia.es FUNDACIÓN CAJA RURAL DEL SUR Calle Puerto, 27 21001 HUELVA COORDINACIÓN DE LA EDICIÓN: Universidad Internacional de Andalucía. COORDINADOR: Sergio Macías Brevis COPYRIGHT DE LA PRESENTE EDICIÓN: Universidad Internacional de Andalucía FECHA: 2009 ISBN EDICIÓN FORMATO EN PAPEL (2009): 978-84-7993-085-1 MAQUETACIÓN Y DISEÑO: Olga Serrano García © Universidad Internacional de Andalucía Índice Palabras previas 6 Prólogo 10 Al-Andalus en la literatura iberoamericana: La Alhambra y la Mezquita de Córdoba, fuentes de inspiración 17 Imagen del Islam en la literatura 48 Lo árabe en las letras iberoamericanas 58 Aspectos árabes en la literatura chilena 150 Marruecos en la literatura latinoamérica 211 5 © Universidad Internacional de Andalucía Palabras previas © Universidad Internacional de Andalucía Observamos que la presencia árabe en Iberoamérica está reflejada físicamente con personas que vemos a menudo en medio del acontecer social, pero sin que se estudien sus países de origen. Porque la historia que se enseña es parte de la reconquista, con autores que se han fijado otros modelos culturales. Por eso, es necesaria esta recuperación. La importancia del mestizaje ha sido y es, sin lugar a duda valiosa como asimilación a las diferentes realidades del continente latinoamericano. Lo interesante es ver, además, cómo de esta adaptación los árabes de la segunda y tercera generación han podido surgir a lo más alto en el campo empresarial, profesional y político.
    [Show full text]
  • ABD AL-HAMID AL-KATIB Jaser Khalil Salem
    UMAYYAD EPISTOLOGRAPHY, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE COMPOSITIONS ASCRIBED TO <ABD AL-HAMID AL-KATIB Jaser Khalil Salem Abu Safieh Ph.D. Dissertation School of Oriental and African Studies 1982 ProQuest Number: 10731480 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10731480 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT The object of this study, an analysis of Umayyad epistolography and chancery practice, is characterised by the more general problem of source material for the first century of Islamic history. The sources may be grouped as follows: (a) papyri; (b) inshia* balaqha, and adab; (c) history, biography, and geography; (d) hadith, fiqh, and haeresiography. My approach to the problem delineated here will be set out in three chapters: (1) An examination of the Umayyad chancery: its struc­ ture, its adaptation to Arabic, and its technical development (2) A critical analysis of specimen letters reported to have been composed during the Umayyad period. (3) A study of the compositions ascribed to the domi­ nant figure of *Abd al-Hamid al-Katib, traditionally acknow­ ledged as the major factor in the development of the Umayyad chancery.
    [Show full text]
  • Al-Sulami's Kitab Al-Jihad and Continuity In
    Marshall, Kenneth 2020 History Thesis Title: Fighting the Jihad of the Muslims: al-Sulami's Kitab al-Jihad and continuity in Islamic thought during the "counter-crusade" Advisor: Magnús Bernhardsson Advisor is Co-author/Adviser Restricted Data Used: None of the above Second Advisor: Release: release now Authenticated User Access (does not apply to released theses): Contains Copyrighted Material: No FIGHTING THE JIHAD OF THE MUSLIMS al-Sulami’s Kitab al-Jihad and continuity in Islamic thought during the “counter- crusade” By KENNETH THOMAS MARSHALL Professor Magnús T. Bernhardsson, Advisor A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Honors in History WILLIAMS COLLEGE Williamstown, MA April 27, 2020 Contents Acknowledgments i Map of the ‘Abbasid Caliphate c. 750 iii Introduction 1 Chapter I: Jihad: A Dynamic Inheritance 17 Chapter II: The Enemy 41 Chapter III: Jihad Against the Muslims 69 Epilogue: “Are these not the Rum?” 97 Bibliography 102 i Acknowledgments Completing this thesis marks the culmination of what I see as a continuous period of growth as a student of history. I am finding it bittersweet to say farewell to this time in my life, at least for the time being, but I think my reticence to move on indicates how fortunate I am to have encountered such thoughtful and inspiring people along the way. I would first like to thank my advisor and professor Magnús T. Bernhardsson, who graciously stepped out of his period of expertise to guide me in this project about a medieval Islamic manuscript. I am indebted to Professor Bernhardsson for his counsel and his appreciation of my historical interests, not to mention his regular reassurance that I would reach this day with a full thesis in hand.
    [Show full text]
  • Turkish Myth and Muslim Symbol the Battle of Manzikert Carole Hillenbrand
    Turkish Myth Man of Battle The Myth Turkish and Muslim Symbol The Battle of Manzikert Carole Hillenbrand ‘An important if neglected subject based on wide-ranging and overlooked sources, and wonderfully contextualised and analysed, and well-written and accessible.’ zik Gene Garthwaite, Jane and Ralph Bernstein Professor in Asian Studies, Dartmouth College Muslim Symbol Muslim ert Turks ruled the Middle East for a millennium, and eastern Europe for many centuries, and there is no doubt that they moulded the lands under their dominion. It is therefore something of a paradox that the history of Turkey and aspects of the identity and role of the Turks, both as Muslims and as an ethnic group, still remain little known in the west and undervalued in the Arabic and Persian-speaking worlds. This book contributes to historical scholarship on Turkey by focusing on the country’s key foundational myth, the battle of Manzikert in 1071 – the Turkish equivalent of the battle of Hastings – which destroyed the hold of Christian Byzantium on eastern Turkey and opened the whole country to the spread of Islam. This process was completed with the fall of Constantinople and Trebizond some four centuries later. Carole H Translations and a close analysis of many of the extant Muslim sources – Arabic and Persian – which deal with the battle of Manzikert are provided in the book. The author also looks at these writings as literary works and vehicles of religious Turkish Myth ideology and analyses the ongoing confrontation between the Muslim Turks and Christian Europe and the importance of Manzikert in the formation of the modern ill state of Turkey since 1923.
    [Show full text]
  • A Critical Study of Jabir Ibn Hayy&N's
    O' A Critical Study of Jabir ibn Hayy&n's Kitab al-Ahjar ‘ala Rary Batinas By Syed Nomanul Haq A thesis submitted to the University of London In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University College London 1990 ABSTRACT Some fifty years ago, the German scholar Paul Kraus declared that the well-known corpus of Arabic alchemical writings traditionally attributed to Jabir ibn Hayyan was not written by a single author. Kraus concluded that these writings, with the possible exception of one treatise, were collectively produced by several generations of Qaimatf-IsmaTlI authors who lived no earlier than the latter half of the 9th century AD. Kraus' conclusions, already a scholarly orthodoxy, are reexamined by the present thesis. The thesis argues that Kraus' conclusions drastically affect the methodology of the historian's approach to Jabirian texts; therefore, these conclusions ought not to be presupposed uncritically. Thus, both Kraus' evidence as well as his reasoning are subjected to an investigation and tentatively dismissed. Several grounds are adduced for this dismissal, one of them being the present work's discovery of a hitherto unknown Jabirian translation of the eighth discourse of Aristotle's Categoriae. a translation too archaic to support Kraus' dating. The thesis then develops its own methodological guidelines and moves to its main task: a critical study of Jabir's Kitab al-Ahjar *ala Ra'v Balinas (Book of Stones According to the Opinion of Ba&nas). Studying Jabir in his own terms, the thesis identifies certain fundamental notions of the Jabirian system and examines how they operate within the framework of the author’s cosmological and alchemical doctrines as these latter are developed in the Ahjar.
    [Show full text]
  • A Literary History of the Arabs
    GHAZNEVIDS AND HAMDANIDS 269 example, by his shabby treatment of the poet Firdawsi. Nevertheless, he ardently desired the glory and prestige accruing to a sovereign v/hose court formed the rallying-point of all that was best in the literary and scientific culture of the day, and such was Ghazna in the eleventh century. Besides the brilliant group of Persian poets, with Firdawsi at their head, we may mention among the Arabic-writing authors who flourished under this dynasty the historians al-'Utbi and al-Blruni. While the Eastern Empire of Islam was passing into the hands of Persians and Turks, we find the Arabs still holding their own in Syria and Mesopotamia down to ^(?2^i^j^S ^*^^ ^"'^ ^'^ ^^^ ^^"^^ century. These Arab and generally nomadic dynasties were seldom of much account. The Hamddnids of Aleppo alone deserve to be noticed here, and that chiefly for the sake of the peerless Sayfu '1-Dawla, a worthy descendant of the tribe of Taghlib, which in the days of heathendom produced the poet-warrior, 'Amr b. Kulthum. 'Abdullah b. Hamdan was appointed governor of Mosul and its dependencies by the Caliph Muktafi in 905 a.d., and in 942 his sons Hasan and 'AH received the complimentary titles of Nasiru '1-Dawla (Defender of the State) and Sayfu '1-Dawla (Sword of the State). Two years later Sayfu '1-Dawla captured Aleppo and brought the whole of Northern Syria under his dominion. During a reign of twenty-three years he was continuously engaged in harrying the Byzantines on the frontiers of Asia Minor, but although he gained some glorious victories, which his laureate Mutanabbi has immortalised, the fortune of war went in the long run steadily against him, and his successors were unable to preserve their little kingdom from being crushed between the Byzantines in the north and the Fatimids in the south.
    [Show full text]
  • JIHAD in the PERIOD 493-569/1100-1174 It Was by Tradition, Could Be Interpreted by Individual Religious Scholars to Meet the Needs of a Given Historical Situation
    CHAPTER THREE Jih ad in the Period 49 3-569/1100-1174 Among men there are those who battle, just as the Companions of the Prophet used to battle, for the hope of Paradise and not in order to sat­ isfy a desire or win a reputation.' (Usama) Introduction: Aims and Structure of the Chapter IN A RECENT BOOK devoted to the subject of war in the Middle East with contributions from a number of specialists, it is interesting to note that there was no chapter on the ideological aspects of warfare, namely jihad, Holy War in Islam.2 Moreover, one of the contributors, Rustow, repeats the view generally held in the West that 'Islam is the most martial of the world's great religions'.3 - The Crusades seem to be the very epitome of the phrase 'wars of religion'. The motives that propelled the Franks towards the Holy Land were of course multifarious. But Western scholarship has shown that there is no doubt that religion played a large part in the whole enterprise. There is no doubt also that the tools of religious propaganda and the symbols evoked in speeches and tracts of the Franks were those of the Christian faith - above all, the Cross, Jerusalem and Holy War. This chapter and the next examine from the Muslim side some of the religious aspects of the conflict between the Islamic world and Christian Europe. They will focus on the evolution of the Islamic concept of jihad (Holy War) during the Crusading period and will Figure 3.L Mounted warrior, highlight the role which religious propaganda - including religious stone mould, eleventh-twelfth architecture (plates 3.r, 3.2, 3.3-5; cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Wallada, Una Princesa Omeya De Al Andalus, Entre Amor, La Poesía Y La Tristeza
    Republica Argelina Democrática y Popular Ministerio de la Enseñanza superior y de la Investigación Científica Universidad de TlemcenAbouBakrBelkaid –Tlemcen- Facultad de Letras y Lenguas Departamento de Francés Sección Español Trabajo de fin de Master en “Lengua y comunicación” Wallada, una princesa omeya de al Andalus, entre amor, la poesía y la tristeza Presentado por Bajo la dirección: SAFI BEN SLIMANE Sarah Snr.BENMAAMARFouad Miembros de tribunal: 1. GUENAOUI Amaria Presidenta M.A.B Universidad de Tlemcen 2. BENSAHLA TANI Mohammed Vocal M.C.B Universidad de Tlemcen 3. BENMAAMAR Fouad Director M.A.A Universidad de Tlemcen Curso Académico: 2014-2015 Dedicatoria Tres cosas nenecita el hombre para ser feliz: la bendición de Allah, libros y un buen amigo. La realización de este modesto trabajo se concretó gracias a la ayuda de todo un grupo de personas que forman parte de mi vida; por lo tanto, dedico este fruto de mis esfuerzos a mis cariñosos padres que me han dado la luz de mis días, que me han colmado de alegría, y que han ayudado para alcanzar mis objetivos. A toda mi familia y sobre todo mis queridos hermanos y hermanas: Nesrine, Imad, Abderahim. A mis precia prima: Amel. A mis queridas amigas: Sarah, Djazia, Samia, Sirin, Zhor, Kika… A todos los profesores de la sección de español por sus preciosos consejos y ánimo. Dedico este trabajo a un hombre que no solo fue nuestro profesor y director, sino también, el hermano…muchísimas gracias señor Benmaamar. Agradecimientos En primer lugar, damos gracias a ”Allah”, que por haberme acompañado y guiando y que nos ha dado la salud y la voluntad a lo largo de mi carrera, por ser mi fortaleza en los momentos de debilidad, brindarme una vida de aprendizaje, experiencias y sobre todo felicidad.
    [Show full text]