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B A L A scholarly journal and news magazine. April 2015. Vol. VIII:1–2. From TIC the Centre for Baltic and East European Studies (CBEES), Södertörn University. The story of Papusza, W a Polish Roma poet O RLDS A pril 2015. V ol. VIII BALTIC :1–2 WORLDSbalticworlds.com Special section Gender & post-Soviet discourses Special theme Voices on solidarity S pecial section: pecial Post- S oviet gender discourses. gender oviet Lost ideals, S pecial theme: pecial shaken V oices on solidarity solidarity on oices ground also in this issue Illustration: Karin Sunvisson RUS & MAGYARS / EsTONIA IN EXILE / DIPLOMACY DURING WWII / ANNA WALENTYNOWICZ / HIJAB FASHION Sponsored by the Foundation BALTIC for Baltic and East European Studies WORLDSbalticworlds.com in this issue editorial Times of disorientation he prefix “post-” in “post-Soviet” write in their introduction that “gender appears or “post-socialist Europe” indicates as a conjunction between the past and the pres- that there is a past from which one ent, where the established present seems not to seeks to depart. In this issue we will recognize the past, but at the same time eagerly Tdiscuss the more existential meaning of this re-enacts the past discourses of domination.” “departing”. What does it means to have all Another collection of shorter essays is con- that is rote, role, and rules — and seemingly nected to the concept of solidarity. Ludger self-evident — rejected and cast away? What Hagedorn has gathered together different Papusza. is it to lose the basis of your identity when the voices, all adding insights into the meaning of society of which you once were a part ceases solidarity. Solidarity is discussed as almost a The story to exist and is condemned entirely to the realm verb, something we create, make, do, as an act of a Polish of memories? Those sentiments, standing on of survival. Explosions of solidarity can occur Roma poet loose and fractured ground, will be addressed when people overcome fear, writes Leonard in this thick double issue. Neuger. Alexander Kropotkin's analysis, that Throughout the film, In the special section “Gender and post- solidarity may be the fittest way for humans to there is a sense that Soviet discourses”, a variety of articles will discuss survive is questioned. Solidarity is sacrificing the walls, both perceived and the search for new models, new behaviors, and yourself, argues Kateryna Mishchenko, writing real, are closing in on the Polish new identities for both men and women in the from Ukraine. Solidarity is formed in opposi- “Roma.” Page 4 post-Soviet sphere. An intersectional perspective tion, suggests another essay, one discussing on gender in the post-Soviet space is applied in female participation in the Solidarność. Accord- the contributions, all written by researchers who ing to the Czech philosopher Jan Patočka, solid have lived or worked in the post-Soviet countries. grounds are not the foundation of solidarity; on Analysis of different representations — photos, the contrary, solidarity is a meaningful option media, comic books — uncovers those post-Soviet when ground is tenuous. discourses. The lack of theories to understand and analyze the specific case of the post-socialist TRANSITION IS OFTEN been discussed as having countries in Eastern Europe and the Caucasus a direction, indicating that the “post-” era is a is emphasized. In Madina Tlostana’s essay, criti- period that has a clear beginning, and a priori, cism is raised against the way Westernized images also a clear end. But existentially, this “post”- mark Caucasian women as “the Other”. Yulia state of mind rather seems to leave men and Gradskova in her essay brings up how the global women disoriented in time and space; left in a A Swedish equality agenda is pushed upon all societies in the state between what has been and what is not same manner, ignoring and denying alternative yet. In one sense, this could be an opportunity diplomat and his ways of participating. for change growing from within; confusion as a reporting on the Ekaterina Kalinina and Liudmila Vornova bearer of possibilites. ≈ Ninna Mörner Holocaust ... it’s still not clear what WE WELCOME five new members of the Editorial Scientific Advisory Council: Sofie Bedford, political happened with von science; Michael Gentile, human geography; Markus Huss, literature; Katarina Leppänen, history of ideas, Otter’s information and whether and Kazimierz Musiał, Scandinavian studies. We also warmly thank our three retiring members, all in politi- it reached Stockholm at all or cal science, Li Bennich-Björkman, Lars Johannsen, Ann-Cathrine Jungar, for the inspiring and valuable “remained stuck at the legation contributions to the Editorial Scientific Advisory Council over the years. in Berlin.” Page 8 What you read in the footers is the voice of the editor. Not that of the authors. contents 3 colophon Baltic Worlds is a scholarly journal and news magazine published by CBEES (Centre for Baltic and East European Studies) at Södertörn Univer- sity, Sweden. Editor-in-chief Ninna Mörner feature theme Publisher 4 Papusza. The story of a Polish Roma poet, On solidarity Joakim Ekman Piotr Wawrzeniuk. Guest editor: Ludger Hagedorn. Editorial scientific 86 Introduction, solidarity beyond advisory council conference reports exclusion, Ludger Hagedorn. Sari Autio-Sarasmo, Aleksanteri 33 Maidan 2014. Thinking together, Krister 91 Some thoughts on solidarity, Institute, Helsinki; Sofie Bedford, Eduards. Leonard Neuger. UCRS, Uppsala University; 34 Ukraine. Round table 2015. 94 Women in the Solidarity movement, Michael Gentile, Helsinki Yuliya Yurchuk. Ewa Majewska. University; Monica Hammer, 108 The magic of Moomin. Sara Granath. 98 Fraternity, Jean-Luc Nancy. Södertörn University; Markus 101 Solidarity of the shaken, Gustav Huss, Södertörn University; peer-reviewed essays 8 Von Otter’s missing report. Strandberg. Katarina Leppänen, CERGU, The Holocaust and foreign policy, 103 Suffering in Ukraine, Kateryna University of Gothenburg; Mose Apelblat. Mishchenko. Thomas Lundén (Chair), CBEES; 19 Kin-states relations. Departed from their 104 Final remarks, Ludger Hagedorn. Kazimierz Musiał, University homelands, Kjetil Duvold. of Gdańsk; Barbara Törnquist- review Plewa, Centre for European 75 Exile activists. Estonian dissidents in The secret 105 A missing air force plane: Studies, Lund University Sweden during the Cold War, of the Cold War, Thomas Lundén. Lars Fredrik Stöcker. Copyediting, proofreading Tony Crawford, Semantix; BALTIC WORLDS Brian Manning Delaney, English balticworlds.com Surveillance & female participation Post-colonialism Proper; Jean Lawrence, Krysia & intersectionality Male roles in special section comic series Lear, Proper English AB; Andrea Paternalistic images of power Masculinity in 35 Gender and post-Soviet discourses 48 Paternalistic images of West & East Z. Scharf; Bridget Schäfer Translating the global gender agenda Guest editors: Liudmila Voronova, Ekaterina power, Ekaterina Vikulina. Layout Gender & post-Soviet Kalinina, Ulrika Dahl. 57 New male identity in discourses Sara Bergfors, Lena Fredriksson, Baltic Worlds special section 36 Introduction, Liudmila Voronova comic series, Daria Illustration: Ragni Svensson Vera Hovne, Serpentin Media and Ekaterina Kalinina. Dmitrieva. Illustrators 38 Post-colonialism and intersectionality, 64 Studies on masculinity in Ukraine, Karin Sunvisson, Ragni Madina Tlostova. Tetyana Bureychak. Svensson, Moa Thelander 44 Gendered surveillance in Azerbaijan, Ilkin 69 Translating gender equality, Yulia Subscription Mehrabov. Gradskova. Sofia Barlind Printed by Elanders Sverige AB Printed issue: ISSN 2000-2955 PEER-REVIEWED ESSAYS have undergone a double-blind peer-review by at least two independent Online issue: ISSN 2001-7308 specialists. A peer-reviewed article published in BW generates one publication point for the authors and Contact Baltic Worlds their institutions in the Norwegian bibliometric register (DHB). Baltic Worlds is an Open Access Journal at [email protected] and all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. More information is available at the website. In this issue we visit: Nazi Germany, Eastern Europe, Russia, Soviet, Scandinavia, and the Baltic states. 4 feature PAPUSZA n recent decades, new relations between her life — the events before the early 1950s in the majority population and Roma have particular. been developing in Poland. This has part- Born around 1910 in Lublin, she was de- ly been a result of normal assimilation clared to be fated to bring either pride or processes, but there has also been a shrink- shame to her family. The next scene takes ing distance between Roma and non-Roma, the viewer to a prison somewhere in Poland as well as a growing mobilization and sense where Papusza is serving a sentence for re- of agency within Roma society. The Roma peated theft (due to her husband’s love of sto- people have entered the spheres of media, len rather than bought poultry); she is put in education, and popular culture on an unprec- a ministerial car and taken straight to the pre- edented scale.1 The filmPapusza can be seen miere of a bombastic piece of music to which as a result of these processes. her poems were set. She and her husband are Papusza was first screened in autumn 2013. seated along ministers, Party fat cats, and the The film offers interpretations of several phe- cream of the Polish cultural establishment. nomena: the fate of the Roma community in Afterwards, she and her husband Dionizy, Poland from the interwar period to the 1970s; 24 years her senior, return to their miserable the personal fate of the renowned Romani “Papusza” (Bronisława Wajs). quarters in Gorzów Wielkopolski in western poet “Papusza”2 (Bronisława Wajs); and the Poland, where they have been living since poet’s relationship with her husband, Dionizy their tabor stopped traveling in 1954. One wit- Wajs. In addition to Papusza, Jerzy Ficowski, a student on the nesses the degradation faced by the community prevented from run from Communist repression — who, for a time, shared the traveling, forced to live in houses where the men, in particular, couple’s life of traveling in the late 1940s — is in focus.
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