IENTIFI£ MERI£AN

Lr�ntered at the Post Office of Xew York. N. Y •• as 8econd Class Matter. Copyright, 1906, by Munn & Co.]

Vol. XCIV.-No. 26. 10 CEN'I'S A ('oPY ESTABLISHED 1845. NEW YORK. JUNE 30, 1906. [ $3.00 A YI£AK.

A �cientific Party lllaking Observations on a Glacier l\Ioraine. General View of Mount Tacoma.

It is the bU",lIess of these men to survey the glacier by means of the usual methods employed III civil engineering Great Nisqllally glacier shown just below the summit and at the right of it. Scientific exploring party III the and to determine its rate of movement and its depth. Stakes are driven in the ice foreground. The glacier has apparently cut its way through the volcallic rock on whIch It oflg111ally and their change of position noted. rested. The rate of movement, is about 22\.i inches a day at tbe lower ponion.

TYJlICal Crevasses in a GlaCIer' of the Selkirks (British Columbia).

HOW GLACIERS ARE STUDIED.-[See page 034.] 530 Scientific American

$22.95 $1,9()O SCIENTIFIC AMER.ICAN A member of thG Redwood Association tal,es us to storage is therefore only , as against for task for our corr.aspondent's criticism, and furnished the new Croton, and $238 for the WachuseU. Similar ESTABLISHED 1845 us with letters that he has received from San Fran­ figures for the Shoshone dam, the highest in the MUNN 6. CO. Editors and Proprietors cisco officials, all of whom unhesitatingly declare that world, are: Cubic yards of masonry, G9,OOO; cost, redwood is more refractory than pine, and some of $1,000,000; capacity of reservoir, 20,000,000,000 cubic Published Weekly at whom even venture the opinion that the fire was stay· feet; or a cost per million cubic feet storage of No. 361 Broa.dwa.y, New York ed by buildings finished with redwood exteriors. $50.35. We are only too well aware of the merits of Cali­ These extremely low costs have seldom been equaled T}I)RiWS SURSCRIB}I)RS TO fornia redwood to decry its use in unmeasured terms. in the history of re3ervoir construction, and are due One copy, one year, for 1)he United Canada, or Mexico . .. .. States. .. . . $3.00 and too l,eenly alive to its admirable fire-resisting largely to the excellent One copy, 011e year, to any fureign country, postage prepaid, £0 ltis. ad. 4.00 natural facilities which are qualities to class it with pine for ordinary purposes. found in the rugged THE SCI}l)NTIFIC AM}I)RICAN PUBLICATIONS western country. From this fact . Still, we may be permitted to believe that any wood, it must not be inferred that Scientific American (Established 1845) ...... $3.00 a year these western structures Scientific American 811uplement .l:£stabHs ed 1870) ...... •• t h . 5.00 subjected to a heat so fierce that the steel columns of are simple engineering works. On the Ameriean Homes and Gardens ...... " ...... __ ...... :-tOO ... contrary, ow· SCientific American Export Edition (Hs ab is ed IS78) ...... :;'00 •• t l h a modern fireproof building sink and bend under it as ing to their The combined subscription rates and rates to toreign countries win isola ted location, their inaccessibility by be furnished upon applieatiol1. if made of wax, must be regarded as unsafe, whatever Hemit by postal or express money order, or by bank draft or check. rail and often by wagon, and the erratic and torrential M[]NN & CO., 3til Broadway, New York. its refractory qualities may be in comparison with character of (he streaII'.s, they involve problems which other woods, and in that opinion no doubt every build­ tax the skill and ingenuity of their builders to the NEW YORK, SATURDAY, JUNE 30, 1906. er will concur. For all the safety which it gave, the utmost. redwood which was consumed in the great conflagra­ It is most fortunate thi:lt these reservoirs provide The Editor is always ghtd to receive for examination Illustrated articles on subjects of timely interest. If the photographs arc tion might just as well have been supplanted by pine enormous storage at relatively low cost. Otherwise ,harp, the articles .back through the Chagres Valley, vessels may York and the Wachusett in Massachusetts. The life has, so far, been a vexed problem, and £evel'al theories have been suggested steam unrestrictedly at a speed which they could never heights of these dams are as follows: Roosevelt, 280 for its solution. A Freneh possibly attain in the sea-level canal contemplated feet; Pathfinder, 210 feet; Shoshone, 308 feet; new scientist (M. Fliche) has recently made some originally. After passing through the Culebra cut to Croton, 297 feet; and Wachusett, 207 feet. These exhaustive stUdies in this connec­ tion, and has observed some interesting phenomena Pedro Miguel, the vessels will begin their descent by heights are measur�d from the foundation stones to which means of a lock having a 30-foot lift, and will then parapet in each case, and they show that the Shoshone have occurred with specimens of a southern European plant called steam through another lake formed by a dam erected is the highest, while the new Croton is second and the woles-milk or cypress-spurge in the valley of the Rio Grande. A double flight of Roosevelt third. If, however, the height above the (Euphorbia �athyris L.J. This plant is not indigenous in France; two locks will drop the ships to Panama Bay. Accord­ river beel be considered, that is, the effective storage a few years ago, however, some Nancy botanists ing to the President's recommendations, the canal will height, the new Croton is the lowest. The order is were astonished to find large quantities of this plant have a minimum depth of 45 feet, will be finished in then as follows: Shoshone, 240 feet; Roosevelt, 230 in full blossom in a district where it had never nine years, and will cost $140,000,000. feet; Pathfinder, 200 feet; Wachusett, 185 feet; and before been seen, namely, in a two-year-old We have already had occasion to comment on the the new Croton, 157 feet. In other words, about fifty clearing in the large forest of Hane in the cantol'l of economy and quickness of construction with which a per cent of the masonry in the new Croton dam is Petite Malpierre. Two years later the plants had en­ waterway built on the high-h,vel principle can be built. below ground and is serviceable for foundation pur­ tirely disappeared. Thick growths were found, how­ Chief among the advantages to be enumerated is the poses only. ever, a short distance off in another two-year-old substitution for a forty-mile channel varying in width It is interesting to note the comparative reservoir clearing, but only a few speeimens were encountered from 150 to 200 feet of two great artificial lakes yield­ capacities. While the new Croton dam is the largest in another clearing which was a little over three years ing over thirty miles of deep water through which in the world from the standpoint of its amount of old. Fliche does not doubt but the gradual disappear­ ships can steam at full speed, free from any risk of masonry, the storage capacity of the reservoir formed ance of the pla�ts is due to the influence of steady grounding or collision. M0re doubtful, however, is by it is by far the lowest of any of those above men· forest growth, and not to any inferior seed or peculiar the expediency of building an earth dam at Gatun tioned. In fact, from a standpoint of storage economy, germinating powers thereof. In order to determin'3 having the afore-mentioned length of 7,700 feet-doubt­ the new Croton reservoir is one of the poorest that has this point he made several special clearings on the ful because of the dam's ability to prevent seepage at been constructed in recent years. The dam contains spot, and the result of his ex.pel'iments was fully to the base. Still, it must be admitted that the success 833,000 cubic yards of masonry, and was erected at a confirm his theory. As the part of the forest where of thl') earth barriers at Wachusett in Massachusetts cost of $7,600.000. The capacity of the reservoir the plants grew was very remote, and seldom visited and San Leandro in California justifies the construc­ formed by it is 4,000,000,000 cubic feet, or a cost of hy humar. beings, there was no question of the seeds tion which the President and his advisory engineers $1,900 per million cubic feet storage. Similar figures having; been carried there either intentionally or acci­ have advocated. for the Wachusett dam show that it contains 280,000 dentally. To the engineer it must be gratifying that his pro­ cUQic yards of masonry, and was erected at a cost of At this ;3POt, over forty years ago, the remains of fe£sional opinion has triumphed over the sentimental about $2,000,000. Its storage capacity is 8,400,000,000 large Gallo-Roman iron works were found. Now clamor for a sea-level canal that could be completed cubic feet, or a cost of $238 per million cubic feet stor­ Plinius states that the Romans used the Euphorbia only at enormous cost and a chafing delay. age. In contrast to these excessive costs. the three lathyris for medical purposes; Fliche is consequently .4 •.. western dams appear remarkable. The Roosevelt dam, convirlced that the plants were originally intro(luced REDWOOD IN THE SAN FRANCISCO FIRE. for example, contains il50,OOO cubic yards of masonry, by the persons living at the works, that the seeds lay In our issue of May 12, 190G, our San Francisco erected at a cost of $3.850,000. The capacity of the hidden in the grounel when the forest invaded thl' correspondent, in ]Jresenting his views of the great reservoir is G1,OOO,OOO,OOO cubic feet, or fifteen times territory in the course of its growth, and Lhat they earthquake, condemned the llse of redwood as a builrl­ that of the new Croton, and about seven and one-half did not awaken l'l'om jheir long slumber and again modern ing material, [lnd gave it as his opinion that it seemed times that of the Wachusett. The cost of this dam seel, the surface till the aXE' of the woodman fully as ob.iectionable as pine in the "fierceness of its per million cubic feet storage is only $fi3.16. Even cleared the ground and paved the way for their resur· the fl'lme, quiclmess to ignite. cmd the intense heat of its more remarkable appears the Pathfinder dam. It con­ rection. This opens un quite a nl'W field for combustion." He based his condemnation on his per· tains 53,000 cubic yards of masonry, erected at a cost student of Nature's mysteries, and doubtlESS, as time sonal memory or the ChicllgO fire, where he had had of $1,000,000. The capacity of the reservoir is 43,560,. progresses, some ,�100e observer wiII discover mo)'>, brief ample opportunity of observing the inflammability of 000,000 cubic feet. or more than ten times that of the ]Jreeise data with which to supplement these pine. Croton. The cost of the dam per million cubic feet particul�us. JUNE 30, 1906. Scientific American 531

THE HEAVENS IN JULY. In the south is the fine group of Scorpion, now seen at ORIENTATION OF CARRIER PIGEONS. BY HENRY NORRIS RUSSELL, PH.D. its best. The star a is interesting for its bright red Dr. G. H. Schneider many years ago conducted some The progress of discovery often forces us to modify color, and J.' because it is double, separable on a clear very interesting experiments which were concerned our scientific definitions. For example, a few years ago night by the unaided eye. The Centaur and the Archer mainly with the education of young carrier pigeons the asteroids were defined as "a group of small planets (Sagittarius ) are on each side of the Scorpion, and the and with the short flights of adults. The results of circulating in the space between Mars and Jupiter." Serpent and the Bearer are above. his work are given in the Zeit. f. Psych. u. Phy. d. In 1898 a planet was found-the famous Eros-which The Eagle, the Swan, and the Lyre are the bright­ Sinnes. The question that Dr. Schneider sets out to comes much nearer the sun than Mars does, and there est groups in the eastern sky, and the smaller group answer is this: Are pigeons guided by an inborn sense followed some discussion whether it should be called of the Dolphin is not hard to find. Cepheus and of direction which is unknown to us, or guided by an asteroid or not. Now the limit has been extended Cassiopeia are low in the northeast, and the Little the eye? in the opposite direction, for a faint object was dis­ Bear and the Dragon are higher, above the Pole, while Dr. Schneider transported birds in a basket by covered early last spring, which turns out to be a Hercules and the Northern Crown are right overhead. carriage or by rail to the desired distance, and re­ THE PLANETS. minor planet which is more remote from the sun than leased them one by one. The time of the release, the Jupiter is. This object has not yet been n amed, but is Mercury is evening star all this month, and is best condition of the weather, the number and character­ known ai.. T G, according to the system of lettering visible about the 15th; when he is farthest from the istic markings of the bird, were all carefully recorded. newly-discovered planets which has been in force for a sun, and sets about 8.40 P. M. The records were kept of the time of the retul'll. The dozen years or so. The next discovery would be called Venus is likewise evening star, some distance above distances were very short, varying from two miles to T H, and so on-and it may give a good idea how fast Mercury, and sets between 9 and 9.30 P. M. all through twenty-five. Certain experiments were made to deter­ asteroids are being found, to say that in the last three the month. mine the relative ease of orientation between releases months enough have been recorded to give the last one Mars is in conjunction with the sun on the 15th, and made in valleys and on mountains. the letters U K. is invisible all through July. Jupiter is morning star Schneider's conclusions are numerous, the one of The planet has now been under observation for in Taurus, rising about 3 A. M. in the middle of the chief interest being as follows: "The assumption that more than two months, and its orbit is fairly well de­ month. Saturn is in Aquarius, and rises about 10 the carrier pigeons possess an inborn sense of direc­ termined. Its period appears to be a few days more P. M. on the same date. tion is an error; for if this assumption were true, than twelve years-more than half as long again as Uranus is now well placed for observation, and may then the young pigeons ought to find their way equally that of any previously-known asteroid, and two months be easily identified, being about 2 deg. north and 1 well. The investigations have shown, especially those longer than that of Jupi- at Kiinitz, that young ter. Its mean distance NIGHT SKY: JUNE &. JULY. pigeons, even at relatively from the sun is 487 mil­ small distances from their lion miles, but as its orbit home, have the greatest is decidedly eccentric, the difficulty in finding their actual distance may vary way back when the vicin­ all the way from 405 to ity is at all strange to 569 millions. If its orbit them, and their home lay in the same plane with cannot be directly seen." that of Jupiter, it would He then concludes thelt run a risk of colliding the young birds utilize, with its gigantic neighbor in their early flights, the (whose average distance familiar groups of houses, from the sun is 483 million mountains, etc., and that miles ). But the orbit is .. the distances to which a inclined in such a way ��.,." bird may be taken and re­ that when the asteroid is tUl'll may be increased r� commensurately at the same distance from '* with the the sun as Jupiter is, it is increase in the develop­ high above or below him, .�*..,. ment of his "topographical while when the two are in )�l:\ memory." The author be­ line with the sun, it is lieves that the pigeon can either much nearer the devel op not only '"IMOON. young birds to return as well as the adult. The term that the intervals between such approaches are a good Full moon occurs at 11 P. M. on the 5th, last quar­ 'sense of direction' is used by careful writers with deal longer or shorter than the rough numbers given ter at 5 A. M. on the 13th, new moon at 8 A. M. on the the implication that there is a definite psychophysical here; but it is certain that this small planet has been 21st, and first quarter at 3 A. M. on the 28th. The possibility of its being developed-just as there. is a revolving in its present orbit for a long time, and will moon is nearest us on the 4th, and farthest away on definite psychophysical possibility of visual sensations continue to do so for many years. When next it gets the 16th. being developed." close to Jupiter, it will stay near him so long that She is in conjunction with Uranus on the 5th, Sat­ the shape of its orbit may be very greatly changed, urn on the 10th, Jupiter on the 18th, Neptune on the Seldom in the history of chemical industry has any and the astronomers of a century or two hence may 20th, Mars on the 21st, Mercury on the 23d, and chemical product undergone such marked variation of find this matter very interesting. Venus at 2 P. M. on the 24th. The last conjunction is price within a few years as thorium. the prinCipal con­ It need hardly be said that the new planet is a very quite close. stituent of incandescent mantles. I

THE" ITALIA" AIRI.UtIP. as weD, are urged against this type of conductor, An Italian inventor, Count Almerico da Sch'io, and for these reasons cables are usually substituted while convinced of the superiority of the "heavier­ for bare overhead wires. These cables consist of than'air" flying machine, considers the airship to be insulated copper conductors, either single or in sets the best means of teaching men the art of navigat­ of two or more; and in order to protect them from ing the air. The Count thinks it best, therefore, to injury, and prevent the current they carry from reject the airship only after man shall have learned doing any damage, they are buried In trenches. to move safely thi'ough the air with a balloon to We are indebted to the Berlin ElEctricity Works supplement the floating power and stability of the for the accompanying illustrations, showing the re­ flying machine proper. cent operation of laying a 1Q,OOO-volt cable. The 'rhe new "Italia" airship is accordingly designed line is intended for transmitting current generated as a complete flying machine including wings, pro­ at the Oberspree central power station to the Zos­ pellers, and rudder, the balloon being made to fulfill senerstrasse and Alte Jakobstrasse sub-stations. The the secondary function just referred to, and to be­ cable was constructed at the Oberschiineweide Cable come more and more reduced so as eventually to dis­ Works of the Allgemeine ElektrizWits-Gesellschaft. appear as the flying machine proper is continually It is to carry three-phase current, and accordingly improved. The disadvantages common to most bal­ comprises three copper strands of 1.085 square loons of losing ballast in rising and gas in descend­ inches cross section each. Each of these conduc­ ing, are remedied by using the motor and aeroplanes tors, on account of the high pressure carried, is at The Building in Which the Airship is Housed. exclusively for rising and descending. This will first surrounded with a caoutchouc layer, and to­ allow the airship to remain longer in the air, and gether with the two others is imbedded in jute. will make it able at any time to seek for the most rear part is about 16.4 meters (65.61 feet) in length. Around this insulation a lead sleeve is forced, and this favorable air currents. The cover consists of varnished Italian silk coated out­ serves to exclude moisture. Over the sleeve is a wrap­ The airship "Italia" constructed by Count da Schio, side with aluminium powder to reduce the effects of ping of jute, and on this an iron sheathing is wound. as can be seen from the photograph, is cylindrical in light. The regular symmetrical shape of the bottom The cable was made in lengths of about 170 meters of the balloon is obtained by coating the (557.7 feet) each and coiled on wooden drums. It was lower portion .of the cover with highly carried to the working elastic India rubber such as is used by place in special cars. Prof. Hergesell in connection with his The trench in which "ballons·sondes." As this part is ex· the cable was to be tremely elastic (it can be stretched to laid was dug to a four times its original length) the cover depth of three feet. will always be uniformly tightened, and After running out the the balloon will maintain its regular drum from the car, it shape with a volume varying according was taken to the head to the atmospheric pressure. The hori­ of the trench, and a zontal aeroplanes having surfaces of 10 gang of workmen seiz­ square meters (107.64 square feet) each, ed the end of the cable used in rising and descending, augment and carried it on their the longitudinal resistance of the airship. s h 0 u Id e I' s in to the The frame is provided with three wheels trench. Here it was and pneumatic tires to facilitate its man­ dropped into specially ipulation on land. arranged rollers, by Only a few preliminary experiments means of which it was have so far been made with th'e Schio drawn off from the airship, in which King Umberto and the drum. This done, the Dowager Queen Margherita are taking cable was straightened much interest. While the results so far and provided at inter­ obtained would seem to bear out the vals with labels indi­ claimS .made by Count Schio, judgment cating its cross sec­ should be reserved till the definite ex­ tion, the voltage it was periments which are to take place shortly adapted to carry, etc., have been made. so that any required ------���-..�------strand might be read­ THE ' LAYING OF A 10,OOO-VOLT ily identified in case CABLE. of future repairs. As BY DR. ALFRED GRADENWITZ. the iron sheathing re­ It is due to the high insulating power ferred to above could of atmospheric air that most Electrical not be regarded as a phenomena come at all to our notice. The full protection to the same property of air proves very valuable high - tension conduc· in electrical engineering by allowing cur­ tors, the cable was rent-carrying conductors to be strung out coated with a concrete ' in the open without the risk of leakage, 1 ayer. The concrete provided there be no possibility of either was placed in rough Sections of High.Tension The " Italia" Airship in Flight. a short circuit or a ground. These over- jute bags, which were Cable. head conductors possess the advantage of tamped down on the the middle, throughout a length of 10.3 meters (42.64 being extremely cheap and easily inspected, but they cable throughout its length. The jute bags soon gave feet), the diameter being about 8 meters (261,4 feet). are exposed to various dangers, rendering them unre­ way, permitting the concrete to set over the upper half The front part, 11 meters (36.08 feet) in length, r€ liable for use in large cities. Here not only the risk ()f the cable, and thus provide it with a solid concrete sembles the point of a shrapnel, and the much thinner of injury to the passer-by, butalsthetic considerations covering. The trench was then' filled in. The joints

Preparing the Protective Sheath. Laying the Cable in the Trench.

THE LAYING OF A lO,OOO.VOLT CABLI. JUNE 30, 1906. Scientific America.n between the cable sections and the mains were pro­ MAKING THE FLAGS OF OUR WARSHIPS. 250 different flags, the material and making of which tected by iron sleeves locked in place by setscrews, BY WALTER L. BEASLEY. costs Uncle Sam just $2,500. Each ship is entitled after which the sleeves were filled· with an insulating Through the courtesy of the Commandant of the to a new flag equipment every three years, though a substance. These operations, requiring a great amount Brooklyn navy yard and Commander A. Ward, chief flagship will often require a new set of signals, owing of attention and accuracy, were carried on under a tent equipment officer, the writer was given special to their constant use and handling, in about a year. to guard against moisture and other disturbing fac­ opportunities for obtaining a full series of pictures A striking idea of the number of flags carried by a tors. showing an interesting and comparatively little· single ship may be gleaned from one of the accom­ As a perfect insulation of the cable is of vital im­ known department in which the flags of our warships panying illustrations, showing a pile 15 feet long and portance in this work, each of the sections buried in are made. The flag room is under the supervision of . nearly waist high, just finished for the new battleship the trenches was immediately submitted to certain Mr. Thomas Malloy, officially rated as master flag­ "Connecticut." About one-half of the lot is composed tests. The apparatus for this purpose was arranged maker, and Miss M. A. Woods, quarter-woman flag­ of foreign flags, incased in thick paper bags, with in a special cable-measuring car, which was conveyed maker. Mr. Malloy favored the writer with all the the name of the country stenciled on the bottom. by h'and along the cable line, and by means of which main details of the flag department, which are out­ The remainder, including those for ordinary use, sig­ the necessary observations were carried on in a mini­ lined in the present narrative. nal sets, and the international code, etc., are not mum of time. To provide for future measurements To furnish the many hundreds of naval vessels in wrapped, but merely tied in round bundles. Last of the voltage, etc., obtaining at the terminals of the commission, ranging from the large flagship and bat­ year for operating the flag factory the government cable, each conductor is provided with a testing tleships and the numerous smaller class, with their expended $60,000; $43,000 of this amount was for wire, the diameter of which is obviously quite small. regular quota of flags, the. government is required to material alone. This, however, includes a small sum In one of our illustrations the three testing wires may maintain an extensive plant. Few, however, realize for table linen and curtain fixtures; the labor readily be seen beside the main conductors. At the the number of flags carried by a warship, nor the amounted to $17,000. The number of flags turned out crossing of the cable line with the Goerlitz Railway, cost of all the gay bunting which flutters from mast was over 59,000. In all, 408 distinctive kinds were iron pipes receiving the cables were fitted at a depth to mast at holiday time. In addition to fleet com­ made. To cut out the varied patterns and complete of three feet below the ties. Seven such cables were munication, necessary during all forms of maneuvers all these miscellaneous fiags, some thirty-five skilled laid during last summer, following a common course in home waters, the ship must be equipped with an machine sewers and needle-women and three men are as far as Vienna bridge, whence they branched off in extensive array of flags stored on board for various employed. three strands to the Zossenerstrasse sub-station, and forms of ceremonial and official occasions. This With the bright-colored, fantastic flags of all nations in four strands to the Alte � _.kobstrasse sub-station. "dress suit" outfit of bunting, therefore, consists of dangling from their machines, the long row of flag

Finishin,!!: the German EnsIgn, the l\'lost Expensive One Made. The Hand Sewers Who Execute the �[ore Difficult Designs.

ac n Sewln,!!: On a One of the Main Rooms of the United Sta�es Flag }'actory at the Brooklyn Navy YArd. The Star Cutting M hi e; Halyard Bend.

Costing Pattern,,; the l<'lags of(Jhina and :Siam Above and Below the l'able. 'lh� J!'lag uuttit for tne U. S. �. "CollBecticut," �oo J!'lags 8�,900. Cutting Out MAKING THE FLAGS OF OUR W AE.S1Ul'S. 534 Scientific American JUNE 30, 1906.

makers present a picture'sque scene. The long spa­ an hour a day furnishes enough stars to keep the Mount Tacoma (Rainier) has formed an attractive cious room is literally a blaze of color. Rolls of bright women operators going for several days. The stars series for scientists. As far back as 1857 at least one bunting are heaped up waiting to be cut, while long vary from fourteen inches in diameter to less than twu. of the formations on Tacoma was known, but no au­ lines of women operators are swiftly sewing the seams All completed flags are pressed by an electric ironer. thentic information was obtained until investigated and putting the finishing touches to American and to A heading of flax raven canvas is sewed on, together by Prof. E. S. Emmons in 1870. In 1905 Prof. Le forty-three foreign ensigns of different hues and pat­ with a distance lining of plaited hemp rope. This fiber Conte, of the University of California, ascended the terns. The flags are cut out from measurements ar­ will not ki:r:k or twist, and is specially made for flag mountain, and with his associates devoted consider, ranged on chalk lines and metal markers on the floor. purposes on board the naval prison ship at Boston. able time to a careful survey of the Nisqually glacier. Large stripes and certain designs can be more con­ Wooden toggles for catching the loop are also put on, The results of the investigation 'of this party proved veniently stitched in this way. Daily a section of and the border stamped with the name of the flag and of much value in adding to information on the sub­ the floor is covered at all hours with several different date of contract. After being critically inspected and ject. although, as stated, no measurements of the flags, with the men and women cutters at work. The passed by Master Flag-maker Malloy, the flags are de­ thickness of the ice could be secured except figures final sewing is done on machines by the women. Each livered to the general storekeeper in the yard, where based on general estimates. The surface of the Nis­ machine is run by a small electric motor of one-fourth they are held until needed by commissioned ships. qually was measured by the use of such well-known in­ horse-power. Owing to long service, the labor has be­ ------�.�.�.�,�.�------struments as the theodOlite, and its width and length come highly specialized, and the women are kept at HOW GLACIERS ARE STUDIED. accurately noted for what was probably the first time. work on the particular flags which they can make the BY CHAH.LES WILES. The movement of this gh',cier has been the subject best. Some excel in sewing on the stars, others in Despite the interest that has been taken especially of much attention among seientists, who have visited finishing certain other parts of the flag. Nearly all in recent years in the study of glaciology, the thick­ Mount Tacoma, on account of its shape and location. have been in the establishment for years. Their pay ness of but one of the world's glaciers has been accu­ Lying in a valley inclpsed by walls of lava formation, averages from $1.20 to $2 per day. rately determined. This is one of the Ice formations the glacier apparently has cut its way through the A great deal more time and labor is required to fin­ in the Tyrol, which has been pierced by the tedious volcanic rock on which it originally rested, for the ish certain of these flags than is generally supposed. process of hand drilling, and its depth from the for· walls on either side rise above the ice surface to 11 For instance, the President's flag requires the longest mation on which it rests to the surface of the ice height ranging between 1,000 and 1,500 feet. The time of any to make, all it takes onf) woman a whole ascertained to be a little over 400 feet. The thick­ incline of the glacier downward is at a very steep month to complete it. The flag consists of a blue ness of the great Piedmont glaciers, such as the Mala­ angle for the greater portion of its length. In fact, ground with the coat of arms of the United States in spina and Miles, and the Alpine glaciers in the Cas- the head of this great river of ice in places is almost the center. The life-sized eagle, with long outstretched a vertical wall. Consequently, the downward pressure wings, and other emblems, are · all hand-sewed and in­ is enormous. In summer, when the lower portion volve the most patient work. The flag is made in two disintegrates more rapidly on account of the rise in sizes, 10 teet by 14 feet and 3 feet by 5 feet. The silk temperature, the fissures or crevasses in the surface used on this and other designs costs $9 a po und. The are much more numerous. The movement of the ice largest flag made is the United States ensign No. 1, inass in connection with the moraines is of such ex­ 36 feet long by 19 feet wide, which costs $40. tent, that one can distinctly hear the sound produced The most difficult, expensive, and likewise consum­ by the cracking and grinding of the ice at a distance ing the longest time to make, are the foreign flags. of a half mile from the gorge in which it lies. That This is especially true of the South American and cer­ the Nisqually is one of the inost active glaciers in tain others. These in most cases average 5 feet in North America is shown by the fact that in a single diameter. The work is done by a half-dozen specially day the lower portion has moved twenty-two inches. skilled hand device sewers, each having acquired the One of the most rapidly-moving glaciers thus far knack of making certain of the center designs to per­ measured is the Mer de Glace in Switzerland, which fection, and continually kept on these respective flags. has a record of thirty-five and one-half inches in Every battleship carries forty-three foreign flags, 25 twenty-four hours. Needless to say that the move­ feet by 13 wide. A smaH€f' size is also made. The ment varies conSiderably, depen ding much upon the weakest in point of power and smallest of the Latin time of the year, as well as the bed on whiCh the nations have the most gorgeous and picture-bedecked glacier rests. Should the formation change in charac­ ensigns. T'hat of San Salvador is especially so, and ter by the erosion of the ice, and the latter encounter requires much time and patient labor to complete. The a soft rock stratum, its downward movement may in· half-tone representation of this hardly brings out the crease considerably, owing to the decrease in resist­ wealth of detail and elaborate sewing that is expended ance t9 it: The width of the Nisqually from edge to on it. For a center piece the San Salvador has a edge is nearly 1,500 feet; its depth has been pstimated regular marine landscape, conSisting of a belching vol­ at 500 feet. The crushing force of such a mass can cano and a rising sun, set in a varied design of draped only be imagined. Looking down into the abyss in banners, cactus branches, cornucopias, and a swastika which the glacier lies, the Niagara gorge seems of in­ on the ground of a rayed diamond, with the date of the significant proportions in comparison. ind€pendence of the nation inscribed on the top. One The Nisqually is one of four large glaciers which hundred different pieces are used to form the center form the upper ice cap of Mount Tacoma-a cap of design. It hikes one woman sixteen days to complete such dimensions that at a distance of sixty miles the the San Salvador ensign, which costs $52.50. The top of the mountain appears to be entirely covered most expensive ensign to make is the German, which, with it. Like the Nisqually, each of the others forms owing to the delicate scroll work of the large imperial the source of one of the most important rivers of the eagle and royal crown, necessitating delicate, slow, Northwest, this sinltle mountai.n giving birth to the and careful sewing, costs $56.50. The dragon flag of Nisqually, the Cowlitz, the Puyallup, and the White China consists of two hundred separate pieces. Twelve rivers. InclUding the smaller ice fields, Mount Ta­ to fourteen days are ordinarily consumed in finishing coma contains no less than sixteen glaciers. Conse­ this flag, which costs $51.75. The flag of Siam WIth quently it affords in itself a broad field for the study the huge white elephant costs $38. The Mexican, with of glaciology. its center design of a large eagle holding a serpent in As has already been stated, the surface of glaciers its ill, cost $39.50. The cheapest foreign flag made is measured by some of the methods usually employed b Photo. by A. Curtis. is the Moorish, which costs $21. in civil engineering. To ascertain the movement, how­ Last year 150,000 yards of bunting were used. This A Hard Climb. ever, a somewhat novel plan has been adopted in con­ is all wool, 19 inches wide. Samples of English and HOW GLACIERS ARE EXPLORED. nection with the Tacoma glacier. Selecting suitable Italian bunting have been h,sted in the past to com­ spots on the surface, holes are cut iIi the ice into which pare with the American. The former laclced in tensile cades of the United States and the Selkirks in British stakes are firmly driven. Care is taken, however, to strength and was over-weight, and the red lost consid­ Columbia, have only been estimated by those who set the stakes in a straight line at right angles with erable color in the washing tests. The Italian filling have made a study of them. the length of the glacier. The stakes are placed at was not up to standard, and likewise lost color. The While scientific observation on other lines has nearly equal distances apart, the line extending a con­ warp and filling of the navy bunting now used has been materially aided by funds advanced by institu­ siderable distance across the surface. Other stakes thirty-four threads to the inch, and is of light weight­ tions and individuals, glacial study in America has or base marks are made on the bank 'at the side of the a very desirable feature. The material is given both not had the support its importance merits, and much glacier. The change in the position of the stakes a chemical and physical test. For th� former several of the data we have of the great ice masses lying on after they have been driven aids in determining the strips are cut from a bolt, which are soaked and the coast and mountain slopes of western America is glacial movement, for they not only show the total washed in soap and fresh water for twenty-four hours. due to the efforts of a few investigators, who in some extent to which the ice mass has worked its way The next day the same process is followed, using salt instances have taken up the work unaided financially. downward, but the more rapid movement of some por­ water. They are then exposed to the weather for ten Thus it happens that the surface dimensions and tions than others, as the line of stakes is so irregular. days, thirty hours of which must be in the bright sun­ glacial flow or movement have embraced most of the For example, the stakes in the center may be consider­ light. This is for the color test. No fading or run­ information with which we are familiar. For ex­ ably in front of those at the side, indicating that ning of colors is tolerated. For tensile strength, a Ample, the Nisqually, one of the largest on Mount here the downward and forward pressure is greatest. strip of the warp two inches wide is placed in a test­ Tacoma or Rainier, has been calculated to be at least Another method of ascertaining the movement is to ing machine, and must have a tensile strength of sixty­ 500 feet thick near its lower edge. A study of the substitute cairns of stone for the stakes, locating ' five pounds, while two inches of the filling must sus­ ice wall at the point where it terminates in the them with special relation to "monuments" on the tain a forty-five-pound test. Nisqually Valley would indicate that these figures are bank, so that the movement can be gaged by their The many thousands of stars are cut out by an in­ not exaggerated, and that the slope of the valley which position after being erected. genious machine, specially devised for this purpose, is covered by the glacier may be more abrupt than is Prof. Le Conte's party had a special opportunity operated by a four-horse-power electric motor. Only generally supposed. Should this be the case, the to observe the extent of the crevasses in the Nis­ a few years back the stars were cut out by hand. The thickness at the bottom may be much more than the qually as well as the Cowlitz glaciers, since their in­ machine has a plunger fitted with steel knives, the estimate given. vestigations extended beyond the nevcs in each case. shape and size of the star. A single down stroke cuts This lack of data in connection with glaciology is The trip up the mountain was made from Reese's out from fifty to one hundred at a time. more noticeable for the reason that the glAciers, not camp in the Paradise Valley, which is bounded on Pressing the foot on a pedal operates the machine. only in the Alps but in the western portion of the one side by the Nisqually gorge. One of the principal In all, eight different sizes of stars are used. each United States and in British Columbia, have been the routes taken in reaching the summit is up the head having a special die. Running the machine for only subject of careful study. The notable group on of this valley, skirting the precipices known as Mc- JUNE 30, I 906. Scientific American 535

Clure's rock and Gibraltar rock, the latter extending and 15 horse-power. A few preliminary tests were nearly to the head of the Nisqually glacier. The ac­ made to compare the rate of evaporation and danger companying photographs give an idea of the ice climbs of explosion of gasoline and alcohoL First, a surface Immu nity of llIines from Earthquakes. and snow crossings which the party encountered dur­ about six inches square was covered with equal volumes To the Editor of the AMER AN ing its investigation. of gasoline and alcohoL The alcohol took twice as SCIENTIFIC IC : In corroboration of the statement of your corre­ While none of the larger crevasses could be pre­ long to evaporate_ Second, a small quantity of gaso­ spondent, E. D. Guilbert, of San Jose, regarding the cisel.y measured as to depth, it was the conclusion of line in a receiver placed in any part of an iron bucket fact that earthquakes were not felt down in the mil\es the observers that few if any of those on Mount Ta­ had, at the end of a half hour, iilled the bucket with at Honduras, I will state that the same phenomenon coma exceed 150 feet in depth, although guides on explosive mixture, so that a lighted match placed any­ was experienced at the New Almaden quicksilver the mountain claim to have come across fissures in where in the bucket caused an explosion. The same mines, near San Jose, where the workmen, 1,500 feet the Cowlitz formation over a half mile in length. It experiment tried with alcohol failed entirely, although under ground, did not feel the shock, though buildings is believed that the depth of these ice cracks in the the alcohol was allowed �o stanfl a longer time. There at the mouth of the mine were shaken down by it. Alps as well as in America is often grossly exagger­ are two reasons for this. Even dilute mixtures of Can you or any seismic expert explain this singular ated, and that instead of being 300 or 500 feet as is gasoline vapor and air are explosive, and gasoline phenomenon ? Furthermore, will you kindly publish sometimes stated, they seldom exceed 200, since the vapor, being much heavier than air, diffuses upward the fact that this beautiful "city by the sea" has not downward movement of the ice continuallY tends to very slowly, thus keeping the mixture near the liquid been "wiped off the map" by a tidal wave at the time force the walls of the crevasse together, overcoming rich enough to be exph'sive. of the earthquake, as has been falsely stated by many the force which originally caused the disruption. The 10·horse-power engine was tested with alcohol eastern papers? There was no tidal wave, and very ..'. in the same condition in which it had previously run little damage was done by the earthquake, aside from The I ndustrIal U .."" and Value of Alcohol. on gaSOline, without any change whatever. It devel­ chimneys being broken. Not one person in the city BY HENHY HALE. oped 11 brake horse-power, as against 10 horse-power received any injury from it. CHARLES WITNEY. (Continued trorn page .51 1.) with gasoline, and consumed Ilh pints of alcohol per Santa Cruz, CaL, June 13, 1906_ The automobile in this country is but one way in horse-power per hour_ By increasing the compression which the internal combustion engine is finding favor of the engine, this consumption was reduced to 1.1 ...... as a substitute for steam, for animal power, and for pints per horse-power per hour. There was no diffi­ Earthquake-Proof (]enletery llIonuments. human labor. A conservative estimate of the number culty in starting the engine on alcohol, even when To the Editor of. the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN : of such motors in service in the United States at the cold_ This is particularly important to determine, as In enlarg-ing her cemeteries, San Francisco might beginning of the present year placed it at 300,000, in­ in the German engines it was necessary to start the do well to adopt a custom I noticed in the South just cluding mechanism for operating small vessels as well engine on gasoline and turn on the alcohol after the before the earthquake, and whatever might befall her as stationary engines. The rapidly expanding use of engine had "warmed up," which took about two or residences, her memorials of the dead could not be this form of power is shown by the present output of three minutes. The 15-horse-power engine showed sim­ shaken down. In Rosehill, the cemetery of Macon, companies making a specialty of constructing so-called ilar results, the power developed being 16.5 as against Georgia, a very beautiful and thriving city of 40,000 gas and gasoline engines_ One plant located in Phila­ 15.2 with gasoline, while the spirit fuel consumption inhabitants, most of the tablets lie flat on the ground. delphia is building about 1,200 engines this year, which was 1.08 pints per brake horse-power per hour. A large proportion of them are plain brick and mor­ will aggregate 20,000 horse-power. This is a branch In this connection it may be added that alcohol tar slabs, of various sizes, those for adults being about of a German corporation which constructs liquid fuel has been substituted successfully for gasoline in a 3 feet by 6, certainly not a durable or attractive style motors ranging as high as 3,000 horse-power for an trial made with the engines of a United States sub­ of architecture_ Often a lot would contain a large individual installation. The American orders of this marine torpedo boat. A test of several hours' duration number of these slabs, with a few of marble, and many company during 1906 will need a supply of at least was made, during which an engine was connected to of the later and more ornate of polished granite. 6,000,000 gallons of fuel for their operation. The two full tanks, one containing gasoline and the other The stone slabs usually bear brief inscriptions, the Board of Commerce of Detroit, which is a notable alcohol, iIi such a manner that either of the two fuels brick rarely, though sometimes ornamented with vases manufacturing center for small motors, has made a could be turned on or shut off. The engine was first and sea-shells. Among them are scattered monuments canvass of the various companies, and has learned started on gasoline, and after a half hour's run the which, of course, are upright, and bear the usual in­ that during the present year they will complete mech­ gasoline was shut off and the alcohol turned on. There scriptions of loving remembrance. The later memo­ anism for automobiles, marine use, and for pumping was no change then in the amount of power devel­ rials are heavier slabs with more ornamentation, and which will require at least 200,000 gallons of fuel daily oped, but the fuel supply valve had to be opened a little most of them lie on the turf or are raised slightly when in operation. As a further indication of the ex­ more, increasing the consumption from 0.110 of a gal- above it. The general effect as one looks over the pansion in the motor industry, two plants in Chicago 1m to 0.130 of a gallon per horse power hour. The slopes is very pleaSing, though of course the brick have increased their facilities until they now have a ,mgine was shut down after a two-hour run, allowed to slabs have nothing to recommend them either of combined capacity for building no less than 50,000 mo· cool off, and W2.S started on alcohol and run for an­ beauty or durability., tors annually, ranging from 1 to 20 horse-power each. other period of one ho�r. It was then tak�n apart, In my own mind I reasoned that the custom must As yet gasoline constitutes the staple fuel for the and the cylinder valves and interior portions of the have originated in war time, when labor and material internal combustion engine in the United States. engine were carefully examined by the engineer. It were both wanting ; but I was informed by Mr. Masson­ Therefore its properties compared with those of ethyl was shown that the parts exposed to the combustion burg, the city clerk, that it bears date much earlier. alcohol as a source of power are of no little interest. were as free from rust or sediment as they generally He came from the Jamestown peninsula, in Virginia, Fortunately, alcohol has already been employed for are when using gasoline. sixty years ago, and noticed the same thing near there, internal combustion motors to such an extent that its Referring again to Germany, in 1905 over one thou­ and thinks it was brought from the old country by the advantages or disadvantages can be correctly deter­ sand engines were built in that country to utilize de· earlier settlers of the colony. G. S. PAINE:. mined. In Germany a series of very exhaustive shop naturized alcohol exclusively. They included motors Winslow, Me., May 20, 1906. tly been made with gasoline and alco­ for vehicles and boats, motors to drive farm machinery, tests have recen • • • hol with engines which varied in size from 10 to 30 motors for pumping water as well as for electric light 'J'h" Panama Canal Problem. horse-power. The results obtained showed that an en­ plants, bakeries, and fiour mills. All these are actu­ To the Editor of the SCIENTIFIC AMER AN : gine of a given size-that is, a given cylinder capacity ated on the same prinCiple as the gas or gasoline en­ IC Will you please inform me if it has ever been pro· -produced an average of 20 per cent more power when gines. The alcohol is injected into the cylinder in posed to build a 30-foot earth dam at Gatun (for the run on alcohol than when operated with gaSOline. This the form of spray, being compressed by the piston on Panama canal ), maintaining this level to the foot of is due to the fact that it is possible to get a higher ef­ the return stroke. The contact points of the electric the northern slope of Culebra, with a 60-foot level ficiency from alcohol, because it can be compressed to igniter extending to the interior of the cylinder to pro­ through the cut, maintained by a masonry dam and a much higher degree without danger . .o� spontaneous vide the spark which explodes the vapor. single lock supplied with water from Gamboa basin combustion than is possible with gasoline. The ther­ The value of the alcohol motor in modern agricul­ through a side channel ? It would necessitate a mini­ mal efficiency of the engine, that is, the degree of util­ ture, especially on the extensive farms of the West, mum level of 60 feet in the basin, with a reserve ca­ ization of the heating value of the alcohol, is there­ promises to be of great importance. With an abun­ pacity above this level for the reception of the Cha­ fore much greater than it is with gasoline, the figures ' dant supply of raw material at hand, plants for dis­ gres floods, controlled at the side cliannel by suitable being about 21 per cent for gasoline as against 30 per tilling spirit can be erected wherever liquid fuel is flood gates. cent or more for alcohol. The consumption of alcohol needed, just as the grist mill supplied the neighbor­ On the Pacific slope dams with single locks would per horse-power at this test was practically the same hood with fiour in the old days. It is not necessary be necessary at Pedro Miguel and La Boca. The dam in volume as when using gasoline-about one -eighth to transport it long distances by rail or water at so near Obispo would be comparatively in€lxpensive, as of one United States gallon per hour. This is as far much extra expense for transportation, consequently the artificial channel only would be encountered, prob­ as th e shop tests made with such engines before ship­ the farm motor should become as much of a neCfJSsity ably with bedrock foundations at its bottom. ment were carried_ as the plow and the harvester. The small stationary Locks in fiight would be altogether avoided by thIs Another test has been made by a chemist, a pro­ motor of one or two horse-power is sufficient to grind plan, and the Gamboa dam would serve t.he doubly fessor in a German university, the object being to de­ the feed, saw the wood, churn the butter, actuate the valuable purpose mentioned, which with the creation termine the effect of the exhaust gases upon the intel'­ cream separator, and run the milL The next improve­ of a great water power at this point would justify its ior portions of the engine and its connections, and the ment to the traction engine will doubtless be the sub­ erection. degree to which the atmospheric air would be con­ stitution of internal combustion for steam, which If the maintenance of an 85-foot water level by an taminated if the exhaust gases, as might be the case, means that all of the more arduous farm labor, such earth dam at Gatun is a feasible work in the opinion were puffed out into a room occupied by human beings. as plowing, harrowing, cultivating, harvesting, thresh­ of some engineers, but contested by others, there would This was done with a view to using alcohol locomo­ ing, shocking corn , etc., can be accomplished even on certainly be little room for differences of opinion con­ tives for transporting ears in ml11es instead of using small farms more rapidly and economically than by cerning a 30-foot level dam. The efficiency of a canal horses, mules, or gasolin,e power. The results showed the employment of horse power. of this type would doubtless be fully equal to that of that these exhaust gases contained 20 per cent less ob­ One of the principal obstacles to the reclamation of sea-level construction, while the saving at Culebra and noxious constituents than the exhaust gases from a the arid territory of the West has been the expense throughout the whole course of the canal would be gasoline engine. It was also shown that an alcohol of operating machinery for pumping water where enormou� . . The free sailing advantages of the 85-foot engine produced about 30 per cent Jess constituents reservoirs could not be located to furnish an adequate level type would also be secured, and a considerable which te nd to contaminate the air than a number of supply by gravity. Many irrigation sites are at such item in land damages avoided. W. CLEVELAND. horses doing the same amount of work as the engine. a distance from petroleum wells, coal deposits, and F. Chicago, Ill., June 6, 1906. In addition to this, the horses or mules will keep on woodland, that the cost of fuel for the pumping en­ [Among the many earlier studies of the Panama fouling the ail' when they are doing no work at all, gines is prohibitive. As the sugar beet forms one Of canal problem there was, we believe, a proposal to which, of course, is not the case with an alcohol en­ the staple crops of irrigated land, and, as already build a dam of moderate height at Gatun and a dam gine when idle. stated, yields a large percentage of alcohol, it is only for a 60-foot summit level at Bohio. This plan is Tests have also been made of engines in actual ser­ necessary to raise a sufficient crop of these vegetables being suggested as an alternative to the 85 -foot Gatun vice in this country by employing the two fuels under to insure a permanent supply of power for pumping dam.-ED.] the same se rvice conditions, the motors being of 10 and all other machinery required. Scientific American JUNE 30, 1906.

OIL FUEL ON SOUTHWESTERN RAILROADS. steam cannot be generated. A few instances have oc­ Temperature of'the Sun. BY DAY ALLEN WILLEY. curred on the southwestern lines where engines have The savants who have busied themselves with deter­ The series of illustrations recently given in the been disabled from this cause, but they are only occa­ mining the temperature of the sun have given us very SCIENTIFIC A1I1ERICAN showing the enormous produc­ sional. different figures. One of the first,Father Secchi, direc­ tion and consumption of petroleum, present an idea The use of petroleum fuel is of especial value in tor of the observatory at Florence, says L'Illustration, of its great value, especially for fuel. Perhaps no in­ southeastern California and in Arizona, where the dis­ by means of utilizing the height of the solar protuber­ terests have been more benefited in this country by the tance from the nearest coal deposits is so great that ances, attributed to the king of the stars a tempe,rature abundance of fuel oil than those of the railroad com­ of 10,800,000 deg. F. Some years ago Violle contented panies especially in the West and Southwest. The sub­ himself with a temperature between 3,632 deg. F. and stitution of liquid fuel for coal and wood on the Pacific 5,432 deg. F. His method was simple and ingenious: a wast is so extensive that nearly all of the freight thermometer is placed at the center of an opaque, hol­ ilnd pafisenger locomotives of the principal systems, low ball, allowing the solar heat to penetrate through such as the Santa Fe :md the Southern Pacific, burn l:'_ very small aperture. The diameter of the aperture petroleum exclusively. While many of the standard and the heating of the thermometer permit the solution coal-burning engines have been equipped with oil­ of the problem in a certain measure, by means of calcu­ burning apparatus, and the space devoted to coal uti­ lations based upon the diameter of the sun, its dis­

lized for oil tanks, a large number of locomotives has tance from the earth, and the law of radiation through been designed and built exclusively for the use of the 1J.tmosphere. Other figures were further proposed-- liquid fuel. The comparative tests that have been 2,052 deg. F. to ,3,092 deg. F. by Pouillet and Soret, made of the best steam coal and of ordinary petroleum 11,732 deg. F. by Wilson, etc. such as is produced from the California and Texas The various methods employed, the article goes on region prove beyond question that the latter is far to say, were vitiated by fundamental flaws which ex­ more economical. Its use has passed well beyond the plain these divergencies. An infinitesimal error of experimental stage. observation results in an enormous number. On the One of the great advantages of petroleum is that other hand (whatever certain specialists pretend), we fueling stations along the various systems can be sup­ know nothing precise of the constitution of the atmo­ plied with it at a minimum cost and with little incon­ sphere, or of what replaces it at a few kilometers above venience, the oil being stored in reservoirs which are us; nothing, consequently, of the manner in which the filled from trains of tank cars. The storage reservoirs calorific radiation acts in the mysterious heights. are usually located adjacent to the water tanks, and M. Moissan, by an indirect process resting upon par­ the conduits serving the locomotives may be placed ticularly reliable foundations, has just shed new light next to the water pipes, so that fuel and water tanks upon the solution of the problem. The great chemist of an engine can be filled at the same time. In fueling (inventor of the electric furnace, thanks to which he a locomotive, a pipe similar to the ordinary pipe used has been able to volatilize the metals refractory to the for filling the water tank is employed, the upper end action of the previous furnaces) has proved that there swinging on a flexible jOint at right angles to the exists upon our planet no substance that cannot be vertical pipe, which is connected to the supply reser­ liquefied and distilled by the heat of the voltaic are, to

voir either by an elevated or surface conduit. The which .is universally given a maximum temperature of connection is such that upon the opening of a valve 6,000 to 7,000 deg. F. the oil will flow into the engine tank by gravity. The Now, spectroscopic experiments teach us that the accompanying illustrations show the method em­ A Turn of the Lever Regulates the Supply. majority of the simple substances existing upon the ployed on the Santa Fe and the Southern Pacific Intensity of Combustion IS Indicated by earth are found in the sun. On the other hand, it is systems. the Color of the }'lame. probable that, on account of the very quantity of heat The cost of equipping a passenger or freight loco­ that it radiates, the sun cannot be formed merely of motive with oil-burning apparatus ranges between the expense of transporting coal to the several supply gaseous materials that, overheated, could reach tem­ $100 and $150 to each engine, some of the systems stations is a very important item. As three barrels of peratures much higher than the temperature of distilla­ being mOTe expensive on account of the patents. The oil equal a ton oCordinary steam coal, a train of tank tion, but must contain a solid Qr liquid nucleus. Its experience of the engineers with the liquid fuel is that cars will carry a much larger supply of fuel than a temperature, therefore, should not exceed that at which they can make steam in about one-half the time re­ coal train of the same tonnage. Going from station to the numerous substancEs common to it with the earth quired to get a coal-burning engine ready for service. distill. Let us By means of the ordinary burner the supply of oil can remark, h 0 w­ be regulated to a nicety, the flame being watched ever, that the through a peep-hole in the furnace door. By noting distillations of the hue of the flame the fireman can tell at a glance M. M ois s an whether the spray in which the fuel is forced into the were produced fire-box contains too much or too little petroleum, and at the ordinary the proportion can be increased or diminished by mere· temper ature. ly turning a regulating valve. If the flame is white There may ex­ the combustion is practically complete. Engineers ist in the sun who have been utilizing petroleum claim that it be­ a pressure that comes a smokeless fuel if the firing is properly done. rai ses this This alone gives it 3 great advantage over coal, to say temperature; nothing of the w h i c h, it reduced labor seems, should of the fireman. b e comprised The main between the difficulty ex­ number of Wi!­ perienced i n son, 11,7:32 the burning of deg., and that liquid fuel is of VOille, 5,432 the formation deg., but prob­ of a deposit in Oil Tank Car Used as Fuel Station. ably n eare r the bottom of the latter. So the firebox we are far from the 10,800,000 deg. of Father Secchi.

when the com· ... . tII ...

bust ion is not Comparison ot· co .. t of Concrete and Stone IUa.. onry. perfect. This The cost of concrete and stone masonry varies largely forms a mass with the local conditions and the character of the work so hard that it on which they are used; but there are very few places i s necessary where concre�e masonry is not only cheaper than stone to break it up masonry, but better, being much stronger and more with an iron suitable in many ways. This fact is becoming more bar in order generally recognized, and more than one quarry which to remove it. in former years produced building stone is now pro­ When a layer ducing crushed stone for concrete. The following fig· of the carbon ures give a general idea of the comparative cost of has formed it brick masonry and concrete, per cubic yard: decreases the Brick. dr aft and 500 brick...... $3.75 makes it diffi­ % barrel cement ...... 1.50 cult to keep sand...... 50 up the requi­ � load Labor ...... 2.25 si te steam Locomotive Filling Oil and Water Tanks Simultaneously. pressure. An­ OIL FUEL ON SOUTHWESTERN RAILROADS. Making a total ...... $8.00 o theT d i ffi- culty which has been encountered is the tendency of station, enough cars are switched off at each to fill Concrete. the oil to clog the spraying conduits. Being secured the reservoirs. This operation is usually performed by 1 barrel Alpha cement ...... $2.00 from a wide area of territory the oil is not of un'i­ an ordinary steam pump, as the reservoir is placed 14 load sand ...... 50

form consistency, some kinds having higher specific on an elevated base so it can be emptied by gravity. Broken stone ...... •..... 1.50

gravity than others. If too much of the heavy oil is • • • Labor and forms ...... 1.50

forced through the spraying apparatus, it may choke There are o,'er 7,000 parts III a well-known 24-hoTse­

the feeding conduits, so that the feed ceases and the power motor car. Making a total ...... _ ...... $5. 50 Scientific American JUNE 30, 1906. 537

bUtion, and is common in summer all along the entire eastern coast of the United States. It is closely al­ lied to the maCkerel, and is found in nearly all warm seas, including the Mediterranean, but is strangely ab­

sent from British waters and from the vicinity of Bermuda and the Western Islands. It is not so well liked south of Cape May, but even in the Southern States the taste for it is growing. Little is known re­ garding the reproduction of the blue­ fish, though it is now regarded as certain that they do not spawn in-

Proclll'ing the Supply of Bait for the Following Day's Fishing.

SUPPLYING NEW YORK WITH BLUEFISH. The extent to which the blue·· fish catching and marketing in­ dustry has grown to·day is evi­ denced by the m:tgnitude of the trade in New York city alone, where annually over 5,000,000 pounds of the catch are sold, ag­ gregating over $300,000 in value. All along the eaotern coast north ot Cape May are scattered col­ onies of hardy fishermen, whose existence the year around depends upon the success of the bluefish season; and the growing favor with which it is regarded as a table fish, especially in the North, is constantly augmenting the num· bel's of these industrious and eneI" getic toilers. The bluefish, Poma· Waiting Upon the Dock to Buy Bait. tomus saltatrix, is of wide distr'

Removing the Day's Catch from the Beach. Running the Boat up on Shore After Landing.

Landing the Catch at the End of the Day. Preparing to Set the Seines. SUPPLYING NEW YORK WITH BLUEFISlI. Scientific American JUNE 30, I9Q6.

shore. The young fish first appear in northerly waters tossed into two-wheeleil carts, by means of which they Tax-Freed Alcohol A88u'red. in August, and at that time they are about five inches are transported to the warehouses, to. be shipped a The act removing the Internal Revenue tax on al­ long. They grow with great rapidity, and by the fol­ few hours later to the neighboring cities, where they cohol, passed recently by both houses of Congress, has lowing season have usually attained a length of from are consumed. been approved by the President and is now a law. It twelve to fifteen inches. Subsequently the increase in ..' . is expected large industries will be benefited by this size is even more rapid, and it is said that bluefish AN ELECTROLYTIC WIRELESS RECEIVER. legislation, and a w ay opened for the farmers in every weighing as much as twenty-five pounds have been BY D. L. BEARDSLEY. section of the country to secure benefits of much util· caught off the Massachusetts coast, while eight and Most He rtzian wave detecters are more or less com· ity and economy from their former waste products. ten·pounders are not rare. The average weight of those plicated, and few are very satisfactory. The writer The ac t provides for the withdrawal from bond, tax taken in the coastal regions of New York , New Jer· has experimented with many kinds, and has at last free, of domestic alcohol when rendered unfit for bev­ sey, and New England is between three and five evolved one which has given the utmost satisfaction, erage or liquid medicinal usc::, by mixture with sm t­ pounds. The fish is bluish or rather greenish in co lor, receiving the most distant messages very clearly and able denaturing materials, for use in the arts and in· ' with a silvery underbody and a dark blotch at the base sharply. This detecter is electrolytic in its action, dustries, and for fuel, light, and power. of the pectoral fin. It is one of the most voraciou� and it consists of a cell in which a zinc anode and a It also provides for the establishment of registered feeders upon other inhabitants of the sea. and repre­ platinum cathode are used with an electrolyte of distille'r ies in which . tl;1e denaturing of alcohol can be sents an extremely important factor in fish mortality. dilute sulphuric acid. An important advantage of this done, and regllliati()'t'i.!l. fpr . rendering returns to the Traveling rapidly in great schools, it ferociously at­ Commissioner of Internal Revenue. Penalties are pro­ tacks similar schools of other fish little inferior to it vided for violations, ' pf the act. Manufacturers are in size, often destroying many more of these than are privileged under certain regulations to recover the al· required for its food, and it has been found that this cohol used in any process, for use in further manufac­ excessive voracity characterizes the young as well as turing. The Commissioner of Internal RevE)n�:. may the old. They feed prinCipally upon gregarious fishes, employ for a period of two years.: additional chemists, particularly the menhaden, upon squids, and upon cer­ agents, inspectors, deputy collectors, clerks, laborers, tain kinds of marine annelids. They are sometimes and other assistants for the prompt and efficient oper­ found in large rivers, and, for instance, they are ation and enforcement of the law, and without com· caught in the Hudson as far up the stream as the set pliance with the conditions of the Civil Service law. of the tide is perceptible. Two hundred and fifty thousand dollars is appropriated Between the eastern end of Long Island and Cape to purchase the necessary instrumen-ts, etc., for carry­ Cod; bluefish in great numbers are caught in weirs or ing out the purposes of the act. pounds, and in still greater quantities in gill nets. The Secretary of the Treasury is required to make Line fishing, especially along the New Jersey coast, is AN ELECTROLYTIC WIRELESS RECEIVER. a report of the appOintments and regulations pre­ also employed, and this metliod is largely resorted to scribed, at a succeeding session of Congress, and also

in supplying the New York market. When caught with receiver is the fact that it requires no battery, as it upon the need of any additional legislation. The act rod and line the bluefish offers excellent sport to the is a battery in itself. is to go into effect on January 1, 1907. fisherman, for not only is the prey intelligent and re­ The following are the instructions for making it : It is proposed to denature or poison the alcohol with sourceful, but he is a game fighter as well. Hook and Prepare a base about 3 inches square of hardwood. wood alcohol, and it is expected so much of the latter line for bluefishing are used in trolling, "chumming," At one side, parallel to the edge, erect a standard of will be needed for this purpose, that its production or in heaving from the shore. A light rod with arti· hardwood, Ij2 inch thick, 2 inches wide at the bottom, will be greatly increased. ficial minnow or shrimp bait is usually employed in tapered to 1112 inches at the top, and 3 inches high. It is believed many new distilleries will be located catching young bluefish, or "snappers," as they are Cut out two pieces of brass, 1%, inches long, lh inch in the agricultural sections of the country, conve­ called in the South. wide, and 1-16 of an inch thick. One of these pieces, niently accessible for the utilization of the surplus The accompanying illustrations .are from photo· which will serve to support the anode, should have a grain and other products, for purposes of alcohol ex­ graphs tal{en at a typical bluefishing hamlet on the 3-16-inch hole drilled at one end, and the other strip, traction. In large manufacturing operations the new Jersey coast, Galilee near Seabright. The. method here which is to support the cathode, should be drilled and alcohol will be of great value and utility, especially in m in general use is known as "chu ming," though a tapped for an 8 x 32 machine screw. These strips of the hat industry, where the present use of wood alco­ small number of bluefish is caught by means of seines brass are to be fastened to the top of the standard lh hol has proven so detrimental to tile health of the together with flounders, mackerel, and other marine in­ inch apart by wood-screw binding posts, and should employes. habitants. The fishermen, who are hard·working and be provided with t,4-inch holes to receive the threaded The extensive use of alcohol in Germany has proven intelligent, use heavy surfboats not unlike large dories shanks of the hinding posts. Cut off a'2lh- inch length to be of much benefit. For power purposes it is found with square sterns. Realizing the value of auxiliary of common battery zinc, and thoroughly amalgamate to be more efficient than gasoline, and less dangerous, motive power, the owners of these boats have generally it. This may then bef fastened to the untapped, brass while its cheapness, only seventeen cents per gallon, installed in them four or fi ve horse-power gasoline en· strip with an 8 x 32 machine screw, threaded into the makes it a highly economical power agent. gines, discarding the oars, and thereby relieving them­ end of the zinc. 'The depending end of the zinc should The manufacturers' committee organized to promote selves of considerable arduous labor, and consequently enter a small glass jar of about 1% inches diameter and bring about this legislation is deserving of much having more time to devo te to the actual operation of and 2 inchel> high . For holding the cathode make an praise, in the practical way the matter was brought to fishing. The boats leave very early in the morning, 8 x 32 machine screw of brass 1% inches long with a the attention of and pushed through. Congress. and usually return by four o'clock in the afternoon. knurled head. File down the end to a diameter of ...... The catch is generally sold to wholesale dealers hav· 3-32 inch, and split it with a fine jeweler'S saw. Take The Current Supplement. ing warehoHses at the landing place or in the village, a very fine piece of platinum wire (if Wollaston wire The current SUPPLEMENT, No. 1591, opens with a though not infrequently the fishermen themselves pack well-illustrated article on the "Lusitania," the new and ship the bluefish to dealers in New York. As a Cunarder, which has just been launched and which is rule, however, they prefer to sell to the middleman on the largest ship thus far deSigned. During the past the ground, thus avoiding the trouble of packing, icing, twenty-five years engineers have applied internal-com­ and freighting. bustion motors to all manner of uses. They have The bait used along the New Jersey coast is the adapted\'motors to the consumption of many different ' moss bunker or menhaden , a gregarious ,fish about six kinds' of , inflammable gases . and vapor, and they have or eight inches long, which ts found' in great schools co.ntinually increased mechanical and thermal effi­ off the coast. The bait is sold to the bluefishers by cill)}c.ies, until at the present time the gas engine is ' tl l men 'whose sole occupation is the catchi k: 'and sel ing competing with stealp -in almost every fiel d. Dugald DETAILS OF C H DE SUPPORT. of the mossburliH)r. The latter is obtained by means AT O AND Clerk in a most exhaustive paper on internal·combus· of seines set on the shallows off the shore, and a large tion motors discusses the various forms of engines power bOlJ.t is employed for' gathering and uelivering which ' have contributed to this industrial advance­ the menhaden for the next day's bait to the fishermen ment, and throws out some helpful suggestions for late in the afternoon after their return from the day's their improvement.. How some waste materials may work. The moss bunkers are cut into small pieces, and ....II be utilized will be of interest to the manufacturer. The these are use d for baiting the hooks. The bait is fur­ wastes treated are amber, paraffine, fur, parchment. thermore employed in a curious manner for attracting paper, and mother-of·pearl. Stanley's new system of the prey to the vicinity of the boat. Each of the boats transmitting and utilizing low-frequency currents is contains a meat grinding or choppin g machine-a piece described. The last installment of the article on of apparatus hardly to be expected in a small fishing "Canals : Ancient and Modern," is published. Among craft-and by means of this device a quantity of the the minor articles of interest may be mentioned "Con· menhaden is ground up into a thick oily paste, known ll,"""---'==- crete as a Roofing Material,'" "Preparation of Modern as "chum." When the fishing boat has been anchored Cereal Breakfast' Foods," "Influence of Light and Heat upon the banks which the bluefish frequent, a quantity DIAGRAM OF CONNECTIONS. on Germination," "The Collective Intelligence of Bees," of the "chum" is thrown overboard, and the tide or "Photographs of "Projectiles," and "Oolong Teas and currents slowly float it along the surface in a great can be obtained so much the better, but very fine Their Manufacture." widening, oily streak, known as a "slick." This at platinum wire will do) about %, inch long; and 'place ,e.• I. :· once attracts the greedy bluefish, who rush at it in one end in the fine saw cut, after which close the kerf Two parts of aluminium .and one 'part ;6f 'z�!lc form large numbers, golibling down the floating fragments onto the wire by means of a vise. The screw may an alloy to which /las .been given the name. ":j:lzene." and eagerly seeking bits more generous in size. These now be threaded into the tapped hole of the cathode· It is equal in strength ,to good cast iron and',superior � t hey soon encounter, but as the larger pieces are un­ supporting strip, and screwed in far enough to bring to it in the matter ,of elastic limit. It tak s' 'a tine, pleasantly associated with barbed hooks, the bluefish the platinum wire within the cup. The cup should be smooth ' finish and does not readily oxidize. Thai'c'olor is soon flapping vigorousl y but indfectually upon the filled with a ten per cent solution of sulphuric acid. is white. It.melts at a· low red heat and is very,fluid, bottom boards of the boat. . The fishermen, of course, The electrir:al connections may be made as shown in running fr eely to the extremities of the mol'd and exercise great care to throw out their lines within the the diagram ; the aerial being connected to the cathode filling small or thin parts. Great care must be exer­ ' area of the "slick," and move aboul from time to time supporting strip, the other strip being connected to cised in melting it, ' particularly .when mixing the two as circumstances require, their anchors being rather the ground, and the two terminals of a telephone re­ metals, in order to· preser:ve its smooth workiIig quali­ primitive affairs which are easily raised and lowered. ceiver being connected respectively to the two strips. ties. It is somewhat brittle an.d henc!) unsuited to At the end of the day's fishing the hoats are run up on Place the telephone to the ear, and feed the cathode such pieces as requir.e the · toughness poseesl'\e'd by the beach, often upon short wooden rollers, and a down by turning the screw until a click is heard. brass. The tensile strength is approximately ' 22,000 quantity of sea water is thrown into the bottom of the This will indicate the position in which the detecter pounds per square inch and 3.3 is the specific gravity. craft. The fish are then cleaned and washed and will work to the best advantage. -Iron Age. JUNE 30, 1906. Scientific America.n 539

REPLACING THE BROADWAY DRAWBRIDGE WITH A No difficulty and but little delay was experienced in and on the following morning the bridge was thrown NEW SPAN. centering the span over its new bearing. Then water open to public use. The recent transfer f)[ the old Broadway drawbridge was pumped into the pontoons until they lowered the The new span is 272 feet long and 39 feet wide from over the Harlem ship canal to its new quarters oppo­ span gently into place. The entire task was accom­ cent€r to center of trusses, or 53 feet wide over all. site University Heights, and the subsequent placing of plished in just an hour. The bridge was towed to its Its total weight is 1,200 tons. The old span is neces­ the new Broadway span, affords a very interesting new quarters with steam up, and as soon as it was sarily of the same length and width, but its total illustration of modern engineering methods. This properly mounted' and the pontoons removed, it was weight, including the flooring, is only 1,100 tons. The exchange of bridges was made necessary to accommo­ date an extension of the Subway across the Harlem. The old bridge, although in excellent condition, waa unable to carry the additional load of Subway traffic and the proposed trolley extension. At first it was suggested that the old draw be remodeled so that it could carry the increased loads, but it was found that the structure would have to be almost entirely rebuilt. However, a new bridge was to be constructed across the Harlem at 207th Street, to connect with Fordham Road, and it was proposed that the old span be used for this structure, and a new double-decker built for the Broadway crossing. Accordingly, the new span was built on piles at 215th Street and the Harlem River. A few weeks ago this work was done, and the piles at each side of the center were removed to make room for the pontoons on which the span was to be floated to its permanent position .. On Thursday, June 14, the old Broadway draw was lifted off its pivot and towed quietly down to the cen­ tral pier of the Fordham bridge, where it was soon Towing the .New Draw bridge up the Harlem River. mounted in position. The bridge was carried on four pontoons, two at each side of the center. The pontoons swung to the open pOSition under its own steam. In new approaches of the Broadway bridge were built were 110 feet long by 32 feet beam, with sides 9 feet this position it must lie at present until the ap­ on cribwork beside the old structure. The cribs were high, and capable of lifting 600 tons each. The draw proaches are completed. mounted on tracks, so that when the approaches were was partly opened, so that it could be floated away The new Broadway span was ferried to its pier on completed the old spans were removed and the new without being obstructed by the approaches. The pon­ the following Saturday. The methods adopted in the ones moved into position with a minimum of delay. toons were weighted with water and, from the decks two cases were precisely similar. Such tension mem­ The Subway tracks are now being laid on the bridge, of each pair, heavy lumber cribs were built up to the bers as were liabl"l to buckle under the reverse strains and should be ready for use in the course of a couple floor beams of the bridge. This was done at low tide, imposed were temporarily stiffened. The bridge was of weeks. It is probable that by the first of August so that as the tide began to come in the span was also diagonally mounted on the pontoons, so that it Subway trains will be running as far as 231st Street. slowly buoyed up by the pontoons, and to expedite would pass freely between the approaches. The trip Credit for the successful transfer of the bridges be­ matters the water was at the same time pumped out up the river required but thirty-five minutes. Only longs to Mr. Terry, of the firm of Terry & Tench, who planned the undertaking and gave it his personal supervision.

Carnegie In"titntion A pp" opriation" for Retiring CoJle�e Instructors. The first selections from among retiring educators to receive disbursements from the Carnegie Founda­ tion, organized last year by the well-known philan­ thropist to provide retirement pensions, or, as they are to be known, allowances for teachers in the uni­ verSities, colleges, and technical schools of the United States, Canada, and Newfoundland, have recently been made by the directors of the institution. The total amount to be distributed among the fifty educators re­ tiring at this time approximates $70,000 a year. This sum does not very materially decrease the income from the $10,000,000 in Steel Corporation bonds which Mr. Carnegie set aside for the purpose. The professors and teachers who will receive the benefit of this year's disbursement have been members of educational in­ stitutions scattered throughout the entire country. Broadway Harlem Drawbridge. Raising the Old Among well-known men on the list are John Krom Rees, of Columbia ; Henry M. Baird, of New York Uni­ of the pontoons. bridge was, of course, built to one slight mishap occurred to mar the otherwise 'Suc­ The versity ; Hiram Corson, of Cornell ; Charles A. Young rest on a central support ; consequently, when it was cessful achievement. One of the pumps used for fill­ and William A. Packard, of Princeton ; Edward W. lifted off the center pier, and supported on the crib­ ing the pontoons failed to wcrk, and as a consequence, Morley, of Western Reserve ; George Trumbull Ladd, work near the ends, the strains in certain members of when the span was lowered into place, one end refused of Yale ; Henry P. Bowditch, of Harvard ; Francis A. the frame were · reversed. For instance, the tension to sink with the other, and the draw was tilted March, of Lafayette; Dr. E. R. Merrill, formerly presi. members at the center of the bridge were placed un­ slightly. But this defect was soon overcome by boring dent of Ripon College, Wisconsin, and P. H. Chandler, der compression. To prevent these members from a hole into the pontoon below the water line. Except of Ripon. buckling, they were stiffened with wooden beams, as for this trifling incident the entire undertaking passed may be seen in the accompanying photographs of the off without a hitch. It was 5 o'clock in the afternoon bridge. The draw was towed down stream by four when the span was hauled from the piles at 215th The production of acetylene gas without water' is tugs, two in front and two behind. by which it was Street, and at 7: 30 the bridge was open to pedestrian now saip to be possible, calcium carbide shaken with carefully guided to the new pier nearly a mile away. traffic. At 9 o'clock the work was entirely completed, dry soda crystals being found to generate gas freely.

The .New Drawbridge Span Located in Position. Towing the Old Draw bridge down the Harlem River.

REPLACING THE BROADWAY DRAWBRIDGE WITH A NEW SPAN. 540 Scientific American JUNE 30, 1906.

RECENTLY PATENTED INVENTIONS. when the frame is of unusual shape, having Box blanks, means the for dampening& score Electrical Devices. re-entrant portions, and the provision of means lines of folding, Davidson Wesson . . . 82 3 850 '1'...... 824,072 82 074 for conveniently removing the frames from the BrakeBracelet, W. �'oster to 4' Rlardurff . . . Door, grain. W. S. Gilleland ...... 823,943 MECH ANICAL MOVEMENT.-F. N. LIV· Handle &; Spoke Mchy. Ober Mfg. Co" 10 Bell St., Door indicator, L. D. Holden ...... 823,782 THAT DATB ...... 823,972 INGSTON, Ballard, Wash. The invention per· Challrin Falls, O. AND BACH BBA�INO Door mat, W. C. Richardson . . .. Douhletrees and swingletrees, coupling for, tains to a new mechanism for transforming Inquiry No. 8187 .-Wanted, the address of the [See note at end of list about copies ot these patents.] . 824.063 L. Burg ...... FJ...... 824.008 tinuou rotary motion, u cap reciprocatory into con s tl S C ��f for Dough cutting machh1E', G. A. Gowdy ...... 823.740 ��� � � for �:�� � :i�11 b e Dough mixing machinE', J. Reams ..... and, conversely, for transforming continuous ; B; ' :�l \ ��5 �:t�� ...... 823,677 .J. n. 823,537 1 sell patents. To buy, or having one to sell. write Acetylene generator, E. Fonbon.neand . Dough raiser, K('fauv('r...... & . rotary into reciprocatory motion. It is useful Addressing machine, envelop the like, Drawer stops, tool for setting, C. T. H. Chas. A. Scott, 719 Mutual Life Building, Buffalo, N. Y. J. J...... 823,721 the crank'shaft, Braun ...... 823,988 Garden . . . . principally as a substitute for Air-brake and steam coupling, automatic, Drill. See Grain drill. Inquiry No. 81 88.-Wanted, the name and ad­ & Witte ...... 824,034 A. ... 823 662 although it may be put to other uses, as will dress o f a second· hand dealer in screw and drop pres. Air Leib F.. . . R...... 823,979 Drills or the like. support for. BaiL . . 82�.546 sers. brake, automatic, J. Wagner, .... Drilling and tapping device. J. Petrelll. . themselves to skilled mechanics. . . . . 823,701 . 823, 697 suggest Alarm lock, A. Schoenman ...... Drinking fountain, E. S. Richardson ...... ' ..... 823,577 . . . . 823,920 CHINE.-C. A . MEl· WANTED.-Architectural draughtsman, capable de Amalgamator, mercurial, B. Baldwin Duplicating apparatus, M. J. D. Carter CALCULATING-MA .•...... 823,736 ...... 823,937 si ner. Sta e experience and salary. Hutchinson & Animal trap, M. E. Mixson Duplicating apparatus, A. B. Dick . LICKE, Hanley, Assiniboia, Canada. The ob- g � ...... 823,777 A...... 823.725 Nobles, Regma, Sask, Canada. Apron, W. H. Hatton for Duster, H. Hayden . ....T. .. . 823.793 of this invention is to produce a simple Aprons, automatic guide endless, A. Dye and making same, disazo, Kroeber. ject ...... 824,059 H...... 823.895 iry No . S189.- For makers of mail order Bess ...... Dynamometer, Purdie . . . mechanism which will enable charges or ac· � . . Earth .... 82 3.872 I, gJo':J � Automobile controlling mechanism, B. A. cntter and grader, D. W. Jones ...... 823,522 N. . 823, 683 counts of different kin,ds to be easily com· Gramm . . . . Elbow forming machine. W. Hartman . . . ., Metal Novelty Works Co" manufacturers of all kinds Automobiles and the like, automatic circuit ('01- It IS especIally applIcable In com- Electric current generators and motorA,...... 823,642 puted. I of light Metal Goods. Dies Metal Stampings our making and breaking device for, A. L. brush O. SiebC'rs...... 823,811 lecting for, ...... R23.53� puti g int rest upon otes, but is cap�ble of and . . . F. � � � Specialty. 4;1--47 8. Canal Street, Chicago. Riker ...... Electric light bracket, E. Hug . 823.566 I Baby holding and walking device, P. T. Rit- L. use III varIOus connectIOns for the general pur- .....•...... Electric machinery, dynamo, W. Waters.. . 4 r Tnquh'y No, 81 !IO.-For makers of or dealers in ter 823,812 A. B. Zierleyn .. . 824,0;) . . ... 823,994 Electric time switch, 823.505 poses stated, and when in the latter the chal'- magnets or loadstones of considerable power. Band clasping, S. l\L Danielsen ...... Electric transmission system, C. G. Burke. F...... 823,985 & and tables would be changed acter of the scales OR SAL .-Water front in New York harbor with Banjo, J. Bacon ...... Electrical receptacle. . . and.... plug,.. Hat. zel. 823,724 ! F E Bath J...... 823,794 ...... ent or re tub, A. Lefferts...... 824,068 Morley .. to suit particular units of measurem · , upland and riparian right. Address Bed, J. L. Dodge ...... Elpdrolysis of water, apparatus for the, K.· . 823, 650 qnil'ements. X. Y. Z .• Box 773, New York. Bed and invalid's chair, combined fracture, J. Vareille ...... J...... 823,841 A. 824,046 T. Boyd ...... Electromagnet. C. F. Sturts ...... 823,720 WASHING AN D SCOTTRING MACHINE.- Inquiry No. 819t.-For manufacturers or jobbers Bed bottom, spring, L. B. Houston ...... 823,600 Elevator brake. M. Fullenlove ...... a o b r ng cal�ium carbide to F...... 823,800 J. . 823.965 Guatemala. The Bed clamp, W. Merriweather . Elevator safety door, M. Porter ...... R. 11�. E . OKHASSA, Antigna, Od �� h; g � f�:�J:rf� �i:t�. & . . . R2 3,879 F. . 82:�,992 �� � � � Bed, Davenport, Kindel Coopersmith . illmf'rg'Pllcy brake, B. Corey ...... this invention which relates to the F. M. Tinkham . .... 823,649 F. . 823,918 object of The celebrated " Hornsby.Akroyd " Patent Safety Oil Bed, extensible sofa, . ErasE'r, M. Burrows ...... H. . . 824,057 scouring of coffee, grain, and ... Excavating and grading ma chine, universal, washing and Engine is built by the De La Vergne Machine Company. Bed, invalid, W. Armstrong et al...... 823,R55 Bcd spring tightener, automatic, J. H. 'V. Gilmore . . like materials, is to pl'Ovide a scrubbing·ma· Foot of East 138th Street, New York...... 823,824 mak· Thayer . . . Excelsior from broom·corn. .clippings,...... 82 3.573 F...... 82 4,051 K...... chine arranged to insu re a quick and thorough I Beet topper, J. Willson . ing. S. Wilson . . Inquiry No. SI92�-Wanted, of Follett ...... 823,892 F. L...... 823,588 n or Sleel Numbering Machine address Belt. driving. G. W. Parkes . Extensihle bracket, Demartinitexti. le. washing Dnd scouri g of the coffee, grain, Co. Fabrics, for Bicycle ' pedal crank, B. Uhl- apparatus treating _...... adjustable,...... 823,712 & ...... 823.834 other material and a complete separation of Manufacturers patent s ...... of rti l dies, m etal mann ...... West Mauck ...... 27 I c e , fly, P. F...... 823.7 ahardware Fan, Hodges . .. . the washed material from the water or like st'lm pi ng, screw machine work, specialties. Bin. See Sliding bin...... 823,653 Binder frame, W. J. Watters . . ... Fats and the like from waste waters. ap- 82�.68R liquid used as a washing medium. machinepy tools, and wood IIber products. Quadriga ...... 823,907 for the recovery of, C. Krem('r I Boiler fiue. A. V. Walters W. . 823,551 paratus F...... 823.635 Manufacturing Company, 18 South Canal St., Chicago. H. Plouff. . W B w Boiler with superheating tubes, Schmidt Feed water regulator, . . . . 82�, 8()6 HAT-MACHINE.�C . P. ILDEN ERG, Ne M. J. Boilers, chemical injector for steam, R. H. Feeding device. stock, Overfield. . . 823,993 n qui :S o. SI93.-For machines for wall paper Fetta ...... 823.941 Fence, J. M. . . . . T f in sup_ I ry . Y or k N , Y . his m achine is or use I . . . .. portable wire, Cr...... awford ··· 82:3.605 preparmg. A...... 823, 605 Fence J. I Book cover. C. ,Tohnson . . post, W. Westlake. . · . . 82�,722 d Sha i g them in o der to A. post. Ij\ ...... porting wires an ? : . . � . Automobile experts are in constant demand at high Rook, manifolding account, B. Baxtf'r823,75..5. 823,756 Ff'TIce M.bill, Ga rry &...... 82�.554 oduce frames for ladles hats. PrInCIpal ob- Kortz . . pr File, wire hool, West .... R2:'.771 salaries. Our seven weeks' course is the-most thorongh . ... . 823,85:3 case drawer snppor t, C. Ernst .. are the provision of Boot-tree and the like, F. von Essen . . Filing ...... 823. 624 jects of the invention pracl ical. flttlng men to drive, handle and repair ...... 823. 639 Film cartridge. A. W. McCurdy . . . . and Bottle. H. D. Schaad ...... 823,678 F. .. . _ ...... 823,527 means whereby the several wires forming a Duy and evenin� c lasses. Special course for owners .... [,'Uter, Hardie ...... Gilchrist . . . . . BottIe holder. R. B., ...... 824,018 & ...... 823,542 . .. I Fire alarm. Oatway Ma, . . . . art of a hat-frame can be conveniently and New York School Of AutomobiIe Engineers, 146 West Bottle, non-refillable, G. R. Howey.•• 085 ... . . 823.950 p M. , ...... 824 Floor, artificial stone, P. Langguth . . . Bottle. non·refillable,. . _ ..Loftus...... 823;823 . 823,558 accurately supported by means of hook� even 56th Street, New York, Box, J. Sutherland ...... Floor support for buildings. E. P. Sperry .. JUNE 30, 1906. Scientific American 54 '

Folding box, W. B. Richmond ...... 823,810 Footwear, machine for manufacturing, M. C. Clark ...... 823,9211 Footwear, manufacture of, M. C. Clark ... 823,924, 823,926 Footwear, manufacture of vulcanized, M. C. Clark ...... 823,928 Friction set, M. B. Miner ...... 823,802 Fuel feeding apparatus, B. J. Travis ..•.••• 82 3,563 Furnace, J. P. McLeod...•..••.••.•••. •.•. 823,962 Furnace grate, A. Cotton ••••. •...... •... 823,715 Furnaces, fuel feeding device for boiler, J. and W. Reagan ...... 823,549 li'urnlture, convertible, D. B . Goodrich .•.• 824,076 Fuse, percussion, C. L. Gulick ...... 823, 681 Fuse,. shell, Driggs & Wilkinson...... 823,852 about Game, S. F. Randall ...... 823,548 Game board, R. T. Carr ...... 823,507 the Qarment supporter, C. Chrysler ...... • 823,922 Gas and air for beating purposes, mixing acetylene, A. Keith ...... •. 823,538 TheTru th Mutual Life Gas burner, W. P. Wiemann ...... 823, 836 Gas generators, valve for acetylene, Higgs and Hoyoss ...... 823,598 HIS is a matter ·of ,great interest to the public, and of still greater Gate, C. G. Lindsay ...... 823. 692 Gate and door securer, J. W. Beall ...... 823,501 interest to thousands of individuals. People wi,h the fairest Gear casing, differential, E. P. Gray ...... 823,524 Gear, variable speed, Wilson & Johnston .•. 823, 658 minds-and that means most people-have been disturbed and Girder cutting apparatus, H. John ...... 823,871 Glass, apparatus for drawing sheet, Colburn unsettled by the developments and denunciations of the past & Washburn ...... 823, 581 Glass turnaces, batch drying, 'heating, and few months. What these people want is the truth-the plain feeding apparatus for, C. L. Betz ...•. 823,757 Tnished truth. To give them this truth is the object of this announce men t. unvar �a.s molding machine, H. A. Dwyer ...... 824,070 Governing mechanism, engine, W . L. Waters ...... 823,567 The Mutual Life Insurance Company was organized in 1843, the first Grai:a. and seed cleaners, blast regulator for, F. J. Prane ...... 823,6H7 of its kind in America. In 24 years it had become , the largest in the world.· Grain conveyer, pneumatic, 1. M. Akers ... . 824,056 Gratn drill, P. M. Gundlach ...... 824,010 �or 39 years in silite of the keenest competition, it has held the lead, passing Granulating machine, E. L. Richards ...... 823.550 unharmed t rough panics, failures, strikes and wars ; meeting with promptness Grate attachment, fire, C. Dieterle ...... 823,995 h Grinder for cultivator disks and tools, G. every obligation and having over millions of assets to-day ; this being B. Greene ...... 823,857 its 470 Grinding machine, Miller & Howard...... 823,613 18 millions in excess of the 392 millions required by law as a reserve fund for Guitar attachment, H . M. Willis ...... 823.657 Gumming machine, E. A. Claus ....•.....•• 82 3,714 paying all the Company's insurance risks, 'as certified by the New York Gun sight, C. O. Eckley ...... 823,999 Hanger. See Smoke bell hanger. Insurance Department ; and all other legal liabilities. Harness support, O. M. Carleton...... 823,761 Harrow riding attachment, L" E. Water- The recent Insurance agitation was unique. The investigation certainly man ...... 823, 652 Harrow, rotary, C. J. Davis ...... •...• 823.933 was thorough. As every one knows the Mutual Life was on the firing line. Harvester, corn, W. E. Koch ...... • 823, 880 Harvesting machine, beet, G. F. Conner ... 823,583 The smoke has now cleared away. What do we find? Hat fastening, S. F. Egan ...... ••...... 823 , 518 • Hat frame former. G. W. Price .··..•...... 823, 696 Bead rest, S. Kline ...... 823,792 In the first place we find that the l\iiItual Life is still the largest and Heating apparatus, W . Kane .'...... 823,686 Heating fluids mecbanlcally, F. iT. Gilroy ... 823.856 staunchest Life Insurance Company in the wo rld. Without defending or in Heel. nailing machine, J. E. Collins ...... 823,582 Hides and skins, apparatus for dyeing, Mar- the least belittling the abuses and extravagances recently brought to light, tinet & Dulac ...... 823, 539 everybody should keep in mind the fact that the solvency of this Company Hinge, J. C. Anderson ...... 82 3.911 Hinge and support for edgewise movable has not for a moment been affected thereby. Concerning the work of the gates, combined, F. E. Knapp ...... 824,033 Holst, log, W. Bearry ...... 823,502 finance committee which has been attackt'!d in the ress, this Company's Hoisting apparatus, J. W. Johnson ...... 824.025 Messrs. Truesdale, uchincloss, fish and Horse hitching device, J. B. Pia to...... 823,964 auditilng committee consisting of x Horses, pacing device for, M. T. Bransfleld 823,504 15th, 1900 : Horseshoes, antisl1pping device for, L. Dixon stated on february Alarme ...... 823,497 Hose coupling. N. A. Christensen ...... 823.510 . n The Co mmittee certify that the investments of .the Company are of Hot water boiler, J. B. Walker ...... 823,981 the highest order well le ed " and fo und the valua lion given Hubs of gears, etc., machine for forming and se ct , "have ...... •...... 823,833 key seats in, G . H. Webb s f and conservatz"ve, in many instances less than the market v lue, , Ice cream freezer, B. J. Gerner ....•...... 824,Q75 a e a and in Illuminator, O. A. Mygatt ...•. • .•. 823,620, 823. 621 none in of Induction coil, S. H. S.mve ...... 823.973 excess such value." Inhaler and respirator, E. K. BIlI ...... 823,946 Ink well cover, dust proof, 1. Kastner, Jr . . 82 3,875 the next place, extravagance has been stopped, and those responsible Inkstand, automatic, F. M. Ashley .•...... 82..�.752 In Insect trap, H. Frelmann .... •.•...... 823,718 for it have gone ; a new management has been installed, and retrenchments Insulated coil for electrical apparatns and making the same, E. Thomson ...... 824,048 have been affected that have already s.aved vast sums of money and will save Insulator, A. Biele ...... 823.912 Insulator, H. M. Acly ...... 824.055 much more as time goes on. Legislative reforms have likewise been antici­ Insulator, prong, L. Steinberger .•.•••.••.. 823,820 circumference Ironing board, G. H. Algin .•...... •" ..... 823.910 pated, and the Company is now as sound at the as it always has Ironing table. L. C. Bullock ...... •.•.... 823.580 been at the core. Journal bearing, D. J. Llewellyn ...... 823.693 Keyboard, dummy. J. W. McCann ...... 823,888 Knitting machine, J. P. SheilPard et al . ... 824 ,043' In the next place, the ending of the first quarter presents an excellent Knitting machine, rack stitch rib, Stafford & Bolt ...... : ...... 823,818 opportunity for comparin� this year with last. Ladder, C. Coplantz ...... 823,512 Lamp and prismatic glass reflector, c9m- Th e amount i po/z"cy holders is $9 ,608,¢-36.50 , an increase of posite electrical, O. A. Mygatt ...... 823,619 pa d Lamp, electric arc. E. J: Murphy ...... 82 3,958 $r ,07o,815.26 . receipts fo r premiums were $r5,08248¢--57, a decrease Lamp, kerosene incandescent, 1. A. Mathes 823,733 Th e Lamp receptacle. electric. P. H. Jaehnlg . . , �24,021 85 7,995.29 the period. Th is is less than 5 � pel cen t. Lantern, signal, W. A. Wright ..•.824 ,052, ;;24.053 of fo r a shrinkage of Lasting machine. M. Brock ...... 823,664 The amount paid fo r expenses was $2 , 935 ,552 4¢- , a reduction of Lasting meehanism for tacking and sta- pling machineR. H. Walther ...... 823. 906 $r ..517,279 ,36 . Latch, door, N. M. Hutton ...... , .. 823, 786 Latch, spring, M. S. Keeler ...... •. 824.027 Lathe for turning axles, C. Mills ...... 823,614 This remarkable showing is a good thing to be kept in mind by every­ Lathing, machine for weaving sheet, J. D. O'Brien ...... 823,628 body-those now insured in the Mutual Life, and those who should be. It Lifting jack, W. F. , P. & L. Kidd ...... 823,949 cannot be accounted for by the smaller amount of new business written. IAfting. moving, and depositing materials, appliance for, J. M. Henderson ...... • 823,861 Of the saving for the quarter, the sum of is in items nor connected Linotype machine casting box, J. B. Allen 823,660 $390,961.52 Linotype slugs, machine for cutting or with the obtaining of new business. shortening, R. F. Jacobs ...... ' .. 823. 788 LOCk, B. O. Berntsen ...... 82 3,987 Locomotive boller, B . J. Travis ...... 823,562 In the next place we find that this Company is doing business-more Locomotive, electric, E. D. Priest . . 82..� .968 , 823.969 Locomotive lubricating system, C . W. Man· business than any other company in the world with one exception. . farfrom zel ...... 823,609 being paralyzed or demoralized it . is forging right ahead. Policies by the Locomotive nozzle, H. O. Olson ...... 824,039 . Loom for weaving pile fabric, A. G. & J. hundred are being written each day; honest trustees, keenly alert, are directing H. Robertson ...... 823, 698 Loom hopper actuating mechanism, auto- its affairs ; faithful and eXllerienced men are doing its intricate work ; loyal matic, J. Northrop ...... 823, 627 Loom hopper actuating mechanism, -auto- agents are explaining its advantages and discriminating people are obtaimng matic. Stimpson & Southwick ...... 823.644 Loom selvage motion, C. F. Roper ...... 823. 6.18 its protection. Loom shuttle, self threading, J. Northrop :. 82H.626 Lubricator, B. O. Kelly ...... 82H.729 In the next place we find that there need be no question as to the future. Mall box, S. L. Coulter ...... 82H.585 Mall box, A. King ...... 82il.730 A policy in the Mutual Life is just as good as gold. No obligation could Man box signal. E . B. Kitchen ...... 823,791 Mail catching- and delivery means, railway, possibly be better. A bond of the United States Government is no safer. J. G. Johnson ...... 82 3,535 Man pouch exchanging device, G. W. It will, therefore, be a misfortune if any one is misled by the writer who prints Mosher ...... 823,617 Manure snreaders, drive gearing for, G. E. for revenue or for notoriety, or by the attorney who is out for his clients, or Crowell ...... 823,846 the competitor who is out for himself, or even by the gentlemen who have Marhle, stone, etc. , cutting or dressing tool, .' J . S. Costa ...... 823,584 organized themselves into committees under an honest . misapprehension of Mat. Sf'P Door mat. Mat cutting board, C. E. Boward ...... 82..Q.685 the facts. Such incidents may tend to hinder business, but need deter no Matcb safe. G. E . Garrity ...... 823.854 Measuring device, liquid, D. Corcoran .... 823,932 ·one who needs insurancec Mechanical movement, W. H. Voss ...... 823, 651 Metal, apparatus for compressing scrap, T. With economy, which means rapid improvement in regard to earning Sharp ...... 823,703 Metal tie and rail fastener, D. E. Olds .... 823,629 of surplus for dividends, everywhere at work in the Mutual Life ; with its Metal colling and straightening apparatus, W. F. Conklin ...... 823,765 immense size as the basis for moderate general expenses ; with smaller liability Metal straps, finishing and straightening fiat, W. F. Conklin ...... 823.766 for rertewal commissions to agents than any other Company ; with the cost Metals from their ores, extracting, C. R. Arnohl ...... 823.576 of new business limited by law for all Companies, how can any one possibly Metallurgical appa ra tus, E. A. Touceda ... 823,561 better . provide for the uncertainties of the future than · through a policy in Metallurgy. E. A. Touceda ...... ; .... 823,560 Meters, bill delivery mechanism for, R. W. the first Insurance Company in' America, and the strongest in the world- Gallaghe r ...... 823,773 MIlI<, apparatus for the distribution of whey or skimmed, J. J. Daniel ...... 823,514 Mine cages and the like. apparatus for making frames for, Thielmann & Meis- enburg : ...... 823,711 Mining and washing clay, kaolin, etc., sim- The Mutual Life ultaneously, M. Wanner ...... 82H.749 Mining apparatus. A. McDougall ...823, 960, 823,961 Mitering and beveling machine, Cadorette & Laflamme ...... •... 823,506 Insurance Company of New York Molding apparatus. M. J. Hewlett ...... 823. 530 New York Mortar gage, G. F. Fisher ...... 823,593 Motors, apparatus for propelling rotary , X. Mu tual Life issues a policy at a notably low rate, wkick provides most M. Small ...... 823,815 The fa r-rcae"tn, Music holder and turner, E. S. Stem ...... Send ;your address n us info rm you as to tke partzculars. 823, 707, 823,708 Fotection. a d let Musical apparatus, mechanical, E. S. Votey 824,049 Musical instrument, O. B. Newman ...... • 823.625 Musical instrument player, portable, E. S. Votey ...... 824,050 Napkin holder, J. Simpson ...... 823,704 Nut lock, W. N. Keen ...... 82'3,876 Nut lock, J. T. Taylor ••••••.•.•....•••••• 824.047 542 Scientific American. JUNE 30, I906. -= Nut lock. N. Howell ...... 824.078 Oil burner. W. F, Hogan , ...... 823,866 Oil cup, H. C. Vaughn ... , ...... 823,978 Organ action, electric, C. J. Landin ...... 824,079 Oven, baker's, W. H. Perry ...... 823,695 Package or mail dispatching system, A. F. Johnson .•...... •.•....••...... 824,024 Y. ..•...... 823.919 Reduted Rates Padlock, Q. Caldwell Send for Catalogue B. Paint or composition, nOll-corrosive and F...... 824,069 SENECA FALLS MFO. anti fouling, E. Dunnett CO. Paint remover, G. Michaelis .., ..... , ..... 823,801 695 Street, Water Painting machine, card, J. W. Stocker .... 823.645 Televnone Seoeea Falls, N. Y., U. s. A. Pans and the like to prevent burning, at- Service tachment for. M. '!'. Roemer ...... 823,699 co NTRACIS NOW BEING TAKEN Paper bag machine. G. Hartman ...... 823.776 Paper knife, cigar cutting, H . H. James .., 824,023 Call nearest Contract Office for full information. Engine and Foot Lathes Paper perforating machine, E. Southworth 824,044 MACHINE SHOP OUTFITS, TOOLS AND Paper roll adjustment, I." B. Davidson .... 823,848 NEW YORK TELEPHONE COMPANY SUPPLI ES. BEST MATERIALS. BEST Paper slitter. W. J, Lupton ...... 823,797 WORKMANSHIP. CATALOGUE FREE Paper· tray, F. B. Davidson ...... 823.847,. 823,934 CONTRACT OFFICES: TELEPHONE NO. : Paper tray or receptacle, H. P. Shotts .•.• 823.898 15 Dey Street 9010 Cortlandt SEBASTIAN LATHE CO . 120 Culvert St . , CIncinnati, O. Pao;cel bundling machine, G, H. Adshead . . 82 3.751 115 West 38th Street 9040·38th Partition structure, R ...... •.•• 823,557 A. Speer There is no danger in the night for the 220 West 124th Street 9000 Morningside . and Tnrret },athes, Plan. Pattern chart, Parker & Whiting ,.,..••• 823.738 616 East 150th Street 9020 Melrose erB Sha pers, and Drill Presses. .. 823.975 car with the SOI,AR because there is Fo o a nd POW r , Pen filling device. fountain, H . B. Smith t LATHEe CO", Cincinnati, O...... ,.",. , . 823,705, SH Il:PARD 133 W. 2d St. Pencil, J. A. Stahle 823,706 light and plenty of it-a brilliant, pene­ Photographic developing apparatus. A. W. FOR McCurdy ' " ...... , ...... 823,623 trating light that pierces the distant ob­ Pianissimo devke. C. Morgan .", ...... • 823,610 struction and at the same time lightens GUNSMITHS, TOOL Pictures, protective gate for moving, L. THE EUREKA CLIP up the ground right in front of the car. 1'he most useful article ever invented MAKERS, EXPERI· Bories ....•., ....., ...... ' 823,!lI3 for the purpose. Indisuf'DSable to Law­ MENTAL & REPAIR Pile fabric, woven, T. B. Dornan ...... 823,996 The SOLAR is extra heavy. extra solid, yers, Editors. Students: Bankers, Insur­ .. , ..... , ...... ,. 823.982 ance Companies �and business men gen­ Piling. sheet, G, Webster extra handsome. WORK, ETC. Pillows, bolsters and CUShions, Slip fOf, F. erally. Book marker and papEr cli p. to 1S-in. swing. .. , .•...... , ...... 823,930 Does not mutilate the pa r. From 9-in. Coakley , BADGER BRASS MFG. CO., Kenosha. Wis. pe Can be Arranued for Steam or Pillows, bolsters, or cushions, slip or case used repeatedly. In boxes of 100 for 25c. Foot Power, Velocipede \Varren St. . New York City To be had of all booksellers. stationers for, F. Coakley ...... , ...... 823.929 II or Stand-Up Treadle. Pins, safety attachment for scarf, E. L. and notIOn dealers. or bv mail on receipt Send for Lathe Catal'g. of price. Sample card, bymail, free. Man� Schreiber ...... 82 3,743 ufactured by Consolidated Safety W. F. &JNO . BARNES CO. Pipe. L. E. Dare ...... 823,716 Pin Co •• Box 121. Bloomfield. N. J. Established 1872. Pipe cutter, L, Leyes ...... 823.796 Ruby St., ROCKFORD, 1999 h.L. Pipe grapple or puller, H. R Childress .•.• 823.667 you should know ,J���!� Pipe spacer and holder, heating, W. P. IF YOU OWN how they are built. Hussey ...... , ...... ," , ",...... 823,869 or run a.n and the. best way B. F. BARNES ----­ Baldwin R�con £b�ck Pipes and other articles, machine for turn- (0 find out is to For Automobiles Makes ing, C. H. McCready ...... 823.804 AUTOMOBILE buy the ELEVEN·INCH SCREW Pitcher, syrup, M, Bradford ...... , .. " .... 823.663 •• CUTTINC LATHE Planters, valve mechanism for seed, A. O. All Roads Ride Alike" For foot or power as Lindgren ..,., ... ',.. , .., ....." ...... 823,884 Saves your car and tires and permits of wanted. Has power Plaster composition, Harris & Barrick .•.. 824,012 comfortable riding on bumpy roads. Helps cross feed and com­ Plow. T. W. Marcum ...... 823.799 your springs on smooth roads. Easily at� ound rest...... 823,�51 h A strictly Plow, L. A. Lohrke . . . Motor tached to any car. Free Booklet. Plow, R. R. Hayward ...... 824.014 t fo . BALDWIN CHAIN & MFG. CO, � � Poison indicator, P. H. Jones ..••••o.o ••••• 823,873 ed6 matter.r l�:�s Descriptive ��tiit� ...... 823.540 circulars upon request. Polishing machine, D. McCance 200 Chandler St., Worcester, Mass. Pool table, automatic registering,. .G. Kind- B. BARNES CO. F...... 823,687 Car ling Rockford, Ill. Postal cabinet. R. O Reilly ...... 823.630 USE GRINDSTONES European Branch, 149 Queen · �8u P Victoria St., London, E. C. Powder, macbine for making grains or flakes [f 80 we can SUPPlY you. All SIzeS ...... 823,672 of, Dobbs & Pitman . It consists of Colored Charts bound up with explanatory letter­ mounted and unmoullted. always Presses, paper guide for. F. B. Davidson 823,849 Model kept in stock. R�memoer, we make a press in strong cardboard binding. size 9� by 13 � inches. Printing, composition for preventing set-off's specialtyof selectinllstones for all spe­ in, Duncan & Potts ....••••••823,673 to 823.676 Price $1.50. By Mail. $1.57 Cial purposes. Send for catalogue HI" Printing device; A. Holtum...... 823 ,783 The CLEVELAND STONE CO. Printing machine. W. Scott ...... • 823,553 • 2 ao House Printing machine, plate. G. H. Kendall .. 823.878 T. Y WHITTAKER, tEV��h 2d Floor. Wilshire, Cleveland, O. Printing on tin plates or the like, machihe X:-��Established 1761...... Mannfactory for, Wichmann & Evans 823,835 Lead·Colored & �Iate Pencils. Rubber Bands, Printing, poster and colo]', C. S. Heermance 824,016 E I n rs r PrOjectile. Meigs & Gathmann ...... 823.953 :-'':;T��:: f��r!:e r�:I��;I�¥!; R�:!� Pulley, expansible, E. E. James' .....•.••o 824,022 Send jor descriptive (Jircular S. Punching bag multiple ball-bearing support, East 23d Street. New York. N. Y. .L F. Frazee ...... 823,595 STEAM PIPE AND BOILER COVERINGS. "J·M'! ASBESTOS ROOFING • 44-&0 •••••• o. 82 3,594 Grand Prize, llighest Award, St. Louts, 1904. Punching bag support, J. F. Frazee \� ASBESTOS PACKING (For all urposes)Ma. ineASBESTOSsia Pr FA BRICS.od utts . Asbestos ond Quick acting ench, }l". Norwood ..••.� ••.• 823,541 O' ESISTING EMENTS. KEYSTONE HAIR INSULATOR. VlfT FIRE·R � ASBESTOS or . Rabbit pou1t'� hutches or the like, means ASBESTOS BUILDING MATERIALS.l ELECTilICAL SUPPLIES. for transporting. J, Parker ...... 823.544 Rack. See Clothes rack, M. vv• ..sOMNS-MANVILLE CO. Radiator valve, E. H. Packard ...... ••••• 823,632 New York, Milwaukee. Chicago. Boston, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Pittsburg, Cleveland. New Orleans, Kansas Rails, device for preventing the creeping of, CIty. Minneapolis, Little Rock. San Francisco, Los Angeles. Seattle. London. G, R Prentice ...... 823.739 Rails, means for secnring, D. l�. Vaughan •• 823,828 Railway brake adjuster, R. E. Brooks, et a1 823,917 For The Railway cattle gate. C, R. Larkin...... •.. 823.881 Either _ Railway cattle guard, L J. BalL ....•..•• 828.498 Railway Signaling. L. H. Thullen, ..•.•.• 823.648 A Ni(kel a Minute or Railway Signaling lantern. T, L, Moore •••. 823.615 can � ma e wherever there are crowds Railway switch. Comer & Lightcap .. , . .... 823.764 If one has da single This machine is the regular hand machme suv.� Adirondack Railway switch structure, safety t H. R. PHOTOSCOPE pliedHa withnd a power base, Power pinion, countersha t etc., and e as p fe, Luther ...... , , ...... 823.732 can be ork d an ordinary o w from base for w r Rai a S Si Takes pictures rapidly, develops and machine or iaken its lise as a I finishes tholl1, all ready framed for a hand m:wnitw. I,�ngth of pipe hn-ndled � �� �!�� �,lt: a n 823,668 n �n �, Ira -w.m� nickel. Makes fortune for its owner. easily in smuH n)()m. J]justmtCll (:l, G. S. MacDonald...... 82.'3,607 through Puliman sleeping cars from Rotary engine •.1. L, Strickland .. " ...... 823,821 Rotary engine, W. T ister ..•...... •. 82il,&�5 SEN8ITIVE LABOR ATORY BALANCE Make Bad Roads Good New York, Philadelphia, Boston, ... By N. Monroe Hopkins. This " built-up " laboratory They •••.•....• No slipping k d g of wheels on any Rotary motor, P. Elllis , ..••••••• 823.717 u n w t or s id in t e ll i kind of conveyance if fittedwi h Buffalo and Niagara Falls via the Rubber balloon bag. Faber & Seal .....•.• 824 ,071 g t a c e t Rubber footwear, apparatus for manufactur- ��!:by any��� amateur;i � ;C:;f �skilled�� � in:. theJ1�� UBeg � of� t:o ��ls�sud� it� wilJ�d: r ...... " ...... 823,92.� WEEn'S TIRE GRIPS ing. M. C, Cla k work as well as a $125 balance. The articleo , is accom· which ensure steady travelimz. Can be ca.r- Rubber footwear, manufacture of, M. C. panied by detailed working drawings showing various n · Clark ...... 823,925 stages of the work. This article is contained in SCIEN­ il a st Ruler. parallel. I. M. Hofstad ...... • 823.865 TIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT. No. 1184. Price 10 �Protects:� � � occupantsjl �d. �; of�gR� car from� ��M; flying ��� mud'iii: Saddles and back bands. pad for gig, A. cents For sale by MUNN & Co .• 361 Broadway New etc. Indispensable in wet weather. Send G, Eichhorn ...... , ...... 823,590 York City. or any hooKseller or newsdealer. , for free descrip ive booklet S. Safety pin. J. C, Tram , ...... ; .. 823,905 t Safety seat, W. II. A, Lewis, ...... 823,690 WEED CHAIN TIRE GRIP CO., 28 Moore St .. N. Y. Cit, Saml mixer, W. G . Stockham ...... " .... 823,710 Sash holder and fastener. G, H. Akridge 823, 659 ...... 82 3,543 Sash lock. J. S, Packer eliminates guesswork. Anv ..." ...... 823, 656 I 9 0 6 A night's ride takes you from any Sash lock. D, Wilkie temperature from zero to • Sash lock, R. E. Harryman...... 823.775 degrees Fahr. indicated with of these places to the center of the Saw sharpening machine, J, M. WaddelL ... 823.830 absolute accuracy. Used in all THOMAS W. ••••..•... 823,754 mountains time for breakfast next Saw swage and shaper, Barkla industries. We guarantee satis­3000 in Sawing machine. Gray & Horning ...... 824,009 faction. Write for particulars morning. Scale. J. W. Hughes ...... 823,728 and price. giving your require.. AUTO=BI Scale attachment. automatic. G. Hoepner .• 823, 599 ments. Model No, 44. Price $145 Scale, weighing, El. N. Gilfillan ...... 823,679 ELECTRIC DENTAl. SPECIAJ.TY CO. Three Horse Power. Simplest motorcycle on the market. Agents wanted everywbere. Catalog free. Screw, locking. F. J. HerdIc ...... 824.017 2761 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, O. THOMAS AUTO.BI CO. For a copy of "The Adirondack Monntains Seed hullers. cylinder knife for cotton. M. NiagaraTHE Street Buffalo, and How to Reach Them,') which is No. 20 W, Faherty .... , , ..... , .." ' ...... 824,002 1450 N. Y. of the New York Central Lines' "Four-Track Seesaw and roundabout. J. Mueller ...... 823.618 Series, " containing a fine map of the Adiron­ Shade and curtain bracket, adjustable win- dack Mountains and adjacent territory, with dow. A, Dennis" ...... 824,067 .•••..••...... 823,745 useful information in regard to hotels, camps, Shade fixture, S. Stewart , to lights, composite, O. lakes, rivers, etc., send a two-cellt stamp to Shade for artificial A. The simplest, smallest. safest. neat� .,...... 823,622 est and most successful ·Motor Fan Mygatt Patent Trade·Marks, It's fasy Keep (001' George H. Daniels, Manager General Adver­ Hand Book on • • Shade roller bracket. H. S. Dunbar•••.. ... 823.997 �PATOur :ENTS made is the Rawlings Patent tising Department, Room 26, Grand Central etc. sent �?ee, Shaft coupling. H. C. Hart ...... , .. 823,944 , Patents procured througb High.Speed Water Motor Station, New York. . receive free in Shears. W. p. Spragg ...... 823,816 Munn & Co notice the Fan. Can be installed in a few Sheet separating apparatus, A. B. Dick. SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN minutes. No operating expenses. C. F, DAI,Y I,YNCH 823.935. 823,936 Made of htgh-grade brass. Price W, 1- . complete Pass, Traffic Mgr. Pass, Traffic Mgr. Shingle gage. W. W. Jones ...... 823.874 MUNN & CO., 361 Broadway, N. Y. coup_ O...... 823,976 ��s, t'it.:&h NEW YORK CHICAGO Ship's course recorder. F. Tibbetts BRANCH OFFICE: 625 F St. W in o , Shock absorber. O. E. Vestal ...... 823,829 , ash gt n D.C. IE. GINTZEL Show window fixture. Wagner & Lewis .... 823,747 150 Nassau St•• New York City Sign. electric, Gierth & Latimer ...... 823,774 Signaling system. J, B. Struble, ....•...• 823,646 WONDER Gasoline Engines Silk, machine for making watered, J. J.. Chance to Get Motor Boat (Jheap HANDSOME PROFITS .•...... •..••.• 823,509 Oa vagnaro Get one ofour 1.Y2h. p. outfits;everything com- are realized hy growing pineapples in Skate, roller, O. W, Ih IDPehanhun, H. A. Thomson ...... 823,64,7 Machines 70 for il or Switch signal, ,1. W, Hicks" ...... " 823,726 Over sizes and styJes, dr ling either deep .. " .." .. "" 823,989 WEshallow ells in any L kind L· of soil or rock, Mounted TaC'klp block. A, P. Brown w MUNN & COMPANY 'ramping hal' and post hole pick, Fl E. on wheels or on sills. With engines or norse powers. Publishers of SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN Whitehead , . , , , .... ' .. ' , ..., , ... , ..,. 823.571 Strong, simple and durable. Any mecha ic can operate catalog. n Broadway, New York Ta nnin, apparatuA for the extraction of, L. them easily. BROS"Send for Ithaca, 361 Castels , , .. , , .. • ...... • ...... 823.508 WILLIAMS N. Y. . JUNE 30, 1906. Scientific American 543

' Ta and nut wrencb, ratchet, F. G. Mar� . 823,610 ��:bach ...... �r ea strainer and infuser, F. N. Denison .. 82 3,670 Telegraph system, wireless, L. De Forest 824,003 'l'elegraphic circuits, transmitting key for, " ...... 824,029 1. Kitsee ...... : ...... 824,028 Telegraphic sending device, I. Kltsee , . . . .. 824,031 Telegraphic transmitting key, 1. Kltsee . ... OLDSMOBILE Telephone, Merryman & Allen , ..•..... ,.. 823,886 823,763 Telephone relay, E, E. Clement. . . . . , ',.... Telephone transmitter, W. W. Dean ...... 823,768 Telephone transmitter supporting arm, S. A. Beyland ...... "" ..823,758 Telephony, 1. Kitsee ...... 824,030 , 824,032 Thermo-electric couple, H. E. Heath ...... 824,015 824,038 Thermometer case, clinical, J. J!'. Myers .. Thermometer shaking apparatus, F. Grosche 823,859 '1'ie plate, D. F. Vaughan ...... 823,826, 823,827 'l'lltlng furnace, J. C. Cromwell . . .. " .... 823,669 'l'lltlng , .platform, J. E . Briggs ...... 823,914 Timepieces, synchronizing mechanism for, A. L, Hahl . . .. , ...... , ...... , .. 823,682 Tire, Wright & Carson ... , ...... ,. 823,839 Tire cover. J, P. Gordon ...... ". 823,680 Tires, implementts for putting on pneumatic, P. F. Pilliner . ... . , ...... , ...... 824,041 Tobacco pipe, F. A. Stegner ...... 823,819 . Tool shank, A. ,Schulze ...... , 823,640 Top, spinning, M. L, Powers ...... 823,809 Torpedo, railway signal, Dutcher & Peter 823,998 824,019, 824,020 Motor Value Torpedo, track. W. D. Jackson ... . . 823,713 The Cadillac is undeniably the Toy, J. Chein ...... " ... " ...." .... Toy, mechanical, C. A. Lewis . . . . " ...... 823,882 greatest automobile value ever Toy railway and telegraph pole, E. R. Ives 823.947 . Trace, J. Anderson ...... ,' 823,661 offered-not alone in fairness of Track brake, T. W. Fitch, Jr ...... ,. 823,772 Tmnsm'tter support, S. A. Beyland ...... ,. 8il3,579 price, but in the satisfaction and Trousers holder and presser, K. Nishimoto 823,891 Truss, A. P. Barlow ...... " ... 823,500 . everlasting service received for Tug, hame, A. J. Smith ...... 823,744 Turbine engine, L. Hachenberg ...... " 823.526 that price. In fact, there are few Turbine nozzle, elastic tluld, J, Wilkinson 823,909 Turbine, steam, A, I , Senior ...... 823,641 establishments, if any, sufficiently Turn table, .T. Schnell ...... 823,552 Underwalst, E. H. Horwood ...... 823,867 well equipped to produce . . 823.7 Upholstery, E. M. Hulse ...... 85 Vacuum device, S. S. Leonard ...... " .... 82 3,795 Valve and seat, pneumatic, G, P. Brand . . 823,842 Valve for engines, rotary, F. T. Liggett ... . 823,883 Valve for beating systems, relief, A. Mc� Gonagle ...... , ...... 823.805 Vulve gP81'. engine, J. Hanser ...... 824,011 Vault, burial. T. A. Stevenson ...... 823,709 Vault, ;lortable burial, W. Parry ...... 823,893 Veblcle. motor, A. Frode . . , ...... , .... 823,719 Vehicles, carbureter control mechanism for motor. C. Schmldt ...... 823,742 at an Vending device, coin controlled, G. W. Mere· ' dith . . , ...... 823,956 actual cost Vending machine, .T. E. Packard , .823.633, 823,634 fa ctory Vending machine, Cigar, G. W. Meredith, of less than our selling price. 823,954, 823,955 V"ending machine, postage stamp, M. De� This is but one of the many lude , ... , .... , ...... , . , .., .. , ...... 823,769 823,851 benefits a Cadillac purchaser Vent, receptacle. P. Donaldson "" ...... Vinegar anparatus. C. Weny , ...... 823,570 derives from the wonderful Vise, .T. Ie Elmer ...... " ...... 824.000 Vise, hand, H. T. Martin ... . , ..... , ..... 823,611 Palace Touring Car. Price, $2,250 combination of equipment, skill Voting machine, G . Stacy ...... 823,899 Wagon, dumping, E . Smith ...... 823.554 NON=STOP and experience that backs up Wagon, dumpmg, W. O. Long ...... , .. , .. 823, 606 Wall packer, soft metal. J. T. Callanan .. 823,760 every car we build. THwonderfulE records of the tOO-hourCAR non-stop runs made in Wardrobe, portable, A. M. Scherff...... 823,814 In addition to the , ...... 823.887 The Cadillac couldn't be bet­ Washing machine, C. E, Mitchell. .. Chicago and Cincinnati and the ZOO·hour non�stop run made in Detroit, the Olds­ Washing 'll achlne attachment, C. A. Colby 824,065 ter if you paid just twice the Watch, stem winding, N. Beguelln .•..... 823,503 mobile Four-cylinder Touring Car has made a record run from New York to Pou,h­ Water closet. B. M. Drawe ...... 823,770 price. Your dealer will tell Water gate, A, J. Collar ...... 823.991 keepsie without changing the high-speed gear. Of this run " Motor Way " says : Water heater. E. W. Dieterle ...... , .. 823.589 you why. His address-also Water heater, C. Porter . . , ...... , .... 823,636 .. One of the most extraordinary runs ever made by a motor car took place in New Water purifier, electric, A. E. Dieterich . . 823,671 our finely illustrated Booklet ...... 823,001 York on Saturday, when a 26-28 horse-power Oldsmobile four-cylinder touring car Weather strip. W. H. Etter. , ' . . . 823,521 N -will be sent upon request. Weight actuated apparatus, E. Puller . travded from New York to Poughkeepsie, over a distance or 75'miles, without changing Well tube safety catch, W, A. Shaw ...... 823,974 Wheel. M. Dixon . ... . , ...... 823,938 the high-speed gear. The entire journey over steep hills that are famous, was made on Model p. Runabout, Wheel. See Spring wheel. K, 10 b. $750 Whltlletree, p, Blondell ...... 824,060 the high-speed gear, the lever of which had been sealed by the technical committee . . Model M, Ligbt Touring Car, $950 Winding machine, quill or cop, H. Kauf� mann ...... 823,789 of the New York Motor Club, before the car left the local agency. . . 823,737 Model H, 3 0 b. p. Touring Car, Window screen, G . VV. McFarland ...... control lever was thrown into the high-speed $2,500 "Window washer's platform, Christofferson "Under the conditions of the test the prices o. & . ... , ...... 823,921 All . f. b. Detroit Lindberg . position and sealed by Mr. Ferguson in the pre ence of several members of the club Wire gage, J, G. Callan ...... 824.064' � Wire hoop lock forming device. H. S. Smith 823,556 and members of the press. It was necessary to start and operate the machine entirely Wire tightener, L U. Campbell ...... 823. 666 •• Wooden plate, compound. H. Buy ten ...... 823, 843 on high gear, as the drivers were not allowed to change speeds even for reversing. Cadillac Motor Car Co Woodworking machine, E. W. Lucas , . . ... 823.952 an hour to 52 miles an hour, it Woodworking tool, M. Enright ...... , 82 3,592 Due to the fact that the car has a range of from 3 miles Delroil. Mich. Wrench, T. W, Jester . . . . . , ...... , 82 3,870 possible to make the whole trip without violating any of the speed ordinances and l'lember Asso. Licenud Auto l'l/rs. Wrench, H. L. Reynolds .,.,...... 82 4,081, 824,082 was . 823,575 Yoke, center, neck. G. & Ii'. Aid ...... at the same time h ve sufficient power in reserve to climb all the hills en route." Yoke, neck, T. J. Woodrow ...... 823.574 � Yoke, neck, J. Miller ...... , ...... 823,957 <:;::::,..�.�.�.�.� .� Zluc, manufacture of sultld of, G. Ranson 823,896 DESIGNS. .4, n.�... "" Automobile dash, Schaaf & �' iske .•. , .... 38,096 NEW YORK MOTOR CLUB .. _ ----- .. -- Badge, D. Z...... 38,087 Merchant . . . . TIIS OU".ER�KD -- -- ...... 38,090, 38.091 �������. Brush back, W. C, Codman . -- . . . Burse, M. A. Philbin ...... 38, 189 aw. Wl'Ita&1' 4ND . RIiIOADWAY Dish, h B. Critz ...... " ...... 38,094 �� ...38, 097 38,101 �� v Principles of Fabric, textile, E. W. Doughty . to Flag, T . K. Sturdevant ...... 38,088 � � Rubber binding, C, E. Knapp ...... 38,095 Spoons, forks. or sImilar articles, handle of, O� H orne D ecorat' lon �OtJ S. A. Keller ...... 38.092 Teapot or similar article, M. B. Leete ...... 38,093 �O JOY DOW �O� , Be. YOft I(., .auoe. A Series of Monthly Papers in the ma40 �O� WHEB;LER �t\O�i1 TRADE MARKS. w. 1sbs-.v_ on tnt ·'NII, (/V'\l Ale, Suffolk Brewing Co ...... 54,121 'fI� �V/l on If.,' 1 ""1'7 that tho Homes ...... 54,196 19th • � A. . American O Ale, New England Brewing Co . bt tIn \l1<1e IUl� � . . 54,044 t\ i1 Antiseptic dressing, W. G. Hughes Co . . tbe 1'IID 1'raI lIV\:!'fI and Gar dens �V!l Antiseptic non-fatty and soluble lubricating 011111!1ob11. Pal" tOII/rIIIs _ 1I04e1 • .S • ..iI. is!!:'. A� jelly, Van Horn & Sawtell ...... 54.124 Fol'l'Y, . . Asphalt mastic, Gabriel & Schall ...... 54,005 1:4IIl l(o�totbe Bo1101\ IIaUe �Ile. V1a-DObbs Axes, batches, and adzes, Hibbard, Spencer, . BJ'O� ' Bartlett & Co, ' . .54,059, 54,061 , 54,106, 54.107 , •. ,1IItb tIlo .hle;ll epeBeer, lager, Beadleston & Worz ...... 54,128 EYer:r hill (II I\) comprehensive title of .. Principles of Beers, Beadleston & Worz ...... 54,097 Home Decor.ation. " , A · Belting, round and flat leather, Troy Belt- of' . l'anee4 � �� Tbe papers 'are richly illustrated and billa .. . . 54,215 . . �. Q. ing and Supply Co ...... VI••I\) are written in the keenly critical spirit for � ' Blankets, comfortables, and spreads, Smith, which Mr. ···now is well known. They A� Hogg & Co ...... " ...... " ...... 54.149 O admirably summarize the whole subject �. Q �. Bolt and nut making macbinery, Acme Ma- VI I� of housebold decoration. and abound chinery Co . . .. " ...... , ... , ...... 53,967 with admirable iUllts and sugfestiolls. Boots and shoes, leather. Clapp & Tapley . . 54,134 � • . The phorofraphs published with. the arti- �. Q �. Boots and shoes, leather, Endicott-Johnson A. O . VI I\)� cles are supposed to emphasize some Co ...... , .... 54, 166 A (Hmciple of decoration. showing what is Boots and shoes, leather and canvas, Hirsh chatrman TeohnlO11l �tteo . . . , . , ...... , .... 54,080 .�. admirable and what IS to be carefully �. Q �. Brothers ...... VI I\) avoided. Boots and shoes, leather welted, United Shoe ...... , ...... ,., .., .... 54, 185 A The July iSSue was a general introduc� Machinery Co , . . J;��YO�C1Ub.' .�� Boots and shoes, men's leather, Smith-Briscoe (ion of (he subject, together with exam- . �. Q �. Shoe Co. .." .,'...... , ... , ... , ...... 54,086 VI I'\} ples of one or two typical Englisb living rooms. The August issue treats of tbe Boots, shoes, and Slippers, leather, Geo . G. A Snow Co...... , ...... ,.,',. 54,075 subject of Halls. Subjects to foHow will o-lUet .O�. • �. Q �. Boots, sboes, and Slippers, leather, M. D. IlIIibeIr M1 . •• -=-" relate to (he Dining: Room, tbe Drawing . . �A � � Wells Co ...... " ...... 54.111 Room, etc. • Brooms and brushes. J. S. Barron & Co... . 54;055 !IIl 'Motor 01ub. Every one who is interested home .�. O in �. Q �. Brusbes, certain named, Grand Rapids Brush VI l\:l decoration will be interested in and re- Co ...... 54,204 A'fI�� ceive valuable 5Uf2"estions from this series Burial caskets, coffins, and fixtures there� A.O. by Mr. Dow. t\� for, National Casket Co .....•...... 54,047 iJ . . 54,208 VV\) Butter. peanut, H. Heide ...... �VII Canned, bottled, or preservf'd fruits and vegetables, Wilson Grocc'y Co . . ,.,..... 54, 187 Canned corn and succotash, H. F. Webb Co., 54,136, 54,137 Canned corn and succotash, Saco Yalley Can- �O� American Homes �Oft\Oi1 ning Co...... , ...... 54, 147 V �V!I Canned corn and succotash, H. F. Webb Co, 54,191 t1�� and Gardens Canned fisb, lobster, clams, and clam chow� . . PUBLISHED BY t\ . 54,157 A. 'I\�. Oi1 der, H. C. Baxter ...... V" Canned fruits and vegetables, Cazenovia Can- (I MUNN & COMPANY �Vl/ . . . 'fI� t\Oi1 ning Co ...... 54,130 to 54, 133 We want to tell you more of the wonderful possibilities of this wonderful car. A 361 Broadway, New Y ork Canned goods, certain named, Saco Valley {I.V\:!. �V!I Canning Co ...... " ....54 . 146, 54,148 Address Dept. S. A. 26 cents per Copy, 53 per Canned lobster, H. C. Baxter & Bra ...... 54,188 Year · Canned lobstel's, mackerel, clams, and clam 1\1/ . ... ;' chowder, Portland Packing Co ...... 54,176 . � Canned oysters, Gibbs Preserving Co. of o �.� . ���� a·'V� Baltimore City ...... 54,167 Lansing, Mich., U. �2.kZ.kZ. 2.��2.,a .V Canned salmon, Fidalgo Island Packing Co. · Members � 54,189, 54, 190 OLDS MOTOR WORK S, A. L. A. M. S. A. JUNE 30, r906. 544 Scientific American

Caper., Griggs, Cooper & Co •••••.•.•••.•• 54,201 Caps or primers for blasting, MetalUc Cap Manufactnring Co ••.•.•••...... •.54,0 11, 54,012 Cement, Portland, Western States Portland Cement Co ...... ;. 54,089 Inexpensive Chemical preparation, certain named, Na- tional Coal Tar Co ...... , ...... 54,048 AdvertisingIn this column is 50 cents a line. No less Chemical preparation, certain named, C. thaClan fourssifi nor edmore thanAd tenver linesti accepted.semen Countts L. Howe · ...... : ...... 54,108 seven words· to the line. All orders must. be accom­ Cheroot., Threefoot Bro.. & Co ...... •...• 53,963 panied !ly ,& remittance. Further InformatIOn sent on Chocolate, cocoa, and , preparations thereof, request. M. S. Her.hey ...... ; 54,U44 Chocolates and bonbons, various kInds of, H. Heide ...... 54,031) Chocolates and otMr bonbons, Walter M . SALE AND EXCHANGE. Lowney Co...... 54,028 summer homeo, hunting Cigar., Williams & Brenckle Cigar Manu- NEW ENGLAND FARMS, .. of every 'descriptio!!. facturing Co...... 53,966 camps and, country real estate J...... 54,104 Circular free upon receipt oC addr ss. Dept. 17, P. II. Cigars, G. Hansen ., Leland, Devonslilre tlt., Boston,e Mass. Cigars, Havana,> Havana Commercial Co., 113 '. , '. 53,978, 54,088 MOTION PICTURE MACHINES, Film Views, Magic Cinchona alkaloids, J,anterns !Hides and similar Wonders For Sale. Cata­ derivative. of, 'Vereinigte logue We aloo Buy l\1ag\cMachi nes, FUme. SII",eo. Chlninfabriken Zimmer & Co., Ge.. mit Free beschrankter Hartung ...... • . . . . • . • • •• 54,088 T. S. Harbach, 809 FUbert St., Philadelphia, Pa. etc. Regls- Coal, A, K. McKee ...... 53,954 STATE RIGHTS FOlt SALE In new valu!'ble . . 54,008 l O o Cocoa and chocolate, Hawley & Hoopes . . . :a"i!! &�r�!s:����s r panI",!- Cottee, Dow,n Mercantlle Co ...... 54,200 . ¥'o� .. t:!�sc: n� : Ooffee extract, Cafolln Co ...... 54,159 of parties who will man�­ WOULD LIKE NAMES CoUarettes and chain., J. J. Sommer ...... 54, 181 factme and sell on royalty a trousers creaser. Made III Col.oring. matter for mortar and bricks, min and wood. W!ll sell pate t. H. MoD. - Pope.Hartford Model 2-cylinder tonring car, per­ steel or steel n erai, Chattanooga Paint Co .....•.••••. 53,949 G. . Lora PhllJipsburll,Pa. - in Colors for printing and dyeing, manufactur- petuates our successful 2 cylinder model of last year with important OMATIC DRIVE WAY GATE.� ...••••.....•• 64,094 MANLOVE AUT "ed, American Dyewood Co Improvements snggested by a season's nse. It is a fa mily touring car Alwayo ln order , rated by any wheel. sa�e hand. Comfort., Cbas. A. Mal.h Co ...... 54,161 ope. I'].g for flome,valuabl e. jOtOOO working. (Canadian hts Cotton dama.k, Rosemary Manufacturing Co. 54,211 with ample storage capacity, seating five people comfortably, a ser­ Co., Huron Street, ChICagO,Ill. sale.) Manlove Gate 2TJ Ootton piece goods, York Manufacturing Co. 54,153 viceable and reliable model, simple in -onstrnction and built espe­ Cotton piece goods, Indian Head Mills of .. . . 54,169 cially for man enjoys driving and caring for his own machine. SECOND HAND AUTOMOBILES. Alabama ...... the who Cotton piece goods, woven, J. S. Reeves & Compare it point for point with any other 2-cylinder car on the le-Cylmder ,Co . . . . . c ...... 54, 178 AUTOMOBILE FOR SA LE. AnS h.p. I:ling market and let us prove its superiority by a demonstration. Gasoline Touriug Car. fittedwith a new il-speedsli ding Cream of tartar, Royal Baking Powder Co. 54,120 gear transmission and many llew parts throughout. Dress shield., 1. B. Kleinert Rubber Co .•.. 54,142 BODY : Divided front seat and double side entranre tonneau. SEAT­ t c ..•...•.•.••••• 54,024 , a8 t d Dumb walter., J. G. Speidel . ING CAPACITY : five. MOTOR : two cy lind er horizontal opposed, ���� �f:n� J�� ���I � � :� ���rr::: s.l1i� Engines, explosive, Foos Gas Engine 00 . ... 53,975 :: Ct.::: ,:! located under the hood. HORSE POWER : 18. IGNITION : jump P. O. Box 36, I:!traUord, Engines, stationary steam, Southern . EngIne spark. TRANSMISSI ON sliding gear, three speeds forward and re­ & Work ...... : ...... 53,988 Boiler ...... verse. DRIVE : shaft with: bevel gears. BRAKES : double-actin g Eyllglas. no.e guards, W. H. BUSINE S OPPORTU NITIES. Rel.ner Manu- brakes e xpanding in drums, attached to each rear wheel hub, double­ S : facturing Co ...... , . . " ...... 53,992 . acting band brake, attached to rear of transmission shaft. With top, Feed water heaters, Stewart Heater Co • . ' •. 53,990 W ANTED.-Buyers for our and two-seated bust� $125 extra. ness and pleasure Concord 8prmgo,!-e wagons. Sen":· for Fences, wire and combination wood and Wire, 8O-page carriage and harness catalOg, fre... Bo,!, 525. Hodge Fellce & Lumber Co .• ; ...•..••. 54,009 PRICE. WITH OIL LAMPS. $1.600 Kalamazoo Carriage & Harness Co., Ka!8mazoo, MiCh. Fertilizers, Ra.ln-Monumental Co. ot Anne HIGH-CLASS PROPOSIT�ON tor capltal or partner. Arundel County .. . · ...... 0>. • . . ... 53,959 Pope.Hartford Model "The King of Hill Climbers " Several patents and invelltl� Apphca�ionB lIthe.., Fertilizers, Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co., F. to'DS. textile. wall paper oil­ 53,964, 53,965, and generally prononnced the wonder of the Automobile shows. graphy and photo-eugrRviug Co., clofh rrlnting. Liberal N. Y. charter. Lonts Long Fertilizer., Georgia Chemical Work •. ....• BODY : Divided front seat, double side entrance. SEATING CAPA­ Buchanan, N. Y. Fertm.ers, Vlrginla-Carollna Chemical Co. CITy : five. MOTOR : F ou r-cylinder, vertical, water cooled. Fever cures, Pamaline Malarial Remedy Co. VAl,VES : AGIllNTS EAGN $75 to $250 a Month Selling " Novelty loc.ated in top of head, all mechanically operated and interl'hangeable. han­ Ii'iles and rasps, Carver File Co .....••..... KniveB.'� Your name, address,.pbp to underneath HORSE; POWER : 20-25. IGNITION jump spark. TRANSMISSION: SOCIetIes, etc. Finely. tem.. Fireworks, torpedo, E. H. Wagner .•...... 53,993 dies; also emblems, lodge8� s iding gear, three speeds forward and: reverse. DRIVE : bevel gear. Defed razor steel blades. Blg profits. Good commIssion Flour, wheat, Sweet SprIng. Milling Co ..•• 54,184 l 5 ,2 BRAKES : double acting, expanding in drums, attached to each rear poJ.d. Send 2c. stamp for great .pecial otferto agents. �'lour, wheat, Golden Eagle Tea Co ...... • 4 03 ...... • 54,210 wheel hub, and one on rear of transmission shaf , b oth operated by Novelty Cutlery Co., 2 Bar St., Canton, O. I'"lour, wheat, Randolph MllJlng Co t WOUJ,D LIKE TO BUY OUTRIGHT,or o,! royalty, Food preparation of bone marrow and malt, foot lever. CONTROl, : spark and th rottle levers on top of steering good patented article which would nut reqUIre much Virol, Limited ...... 54,216 wheel, but not revolving With it. capital to mannfactnre and for which there could be Foods made from oats, cereal, American 1209 Cereal Co...... 54,155 PRICE. $2,500 made a bIg dema d. J. O. Case Avenne, Cleveland, Ohio. n Stein, Foundry faCings, United State. Graphite Co. 54,026 ..•.•. 54,066 Pope.Tribune Model is an up-to-date, light tonring W ANTED.-Names of partie. making leather .board. }' urniture, bent wood, Thonet Brothers V. Also of manufacturers of cloth made from plantam tree Gears, Benjamin Atha & Co ...... ••. 53,972 car, easy to operate, economical to maintain and thoroughly reliable ; Leather Belting co., Grand RapId., Glass articles, cut, Libbey Glass Co .....•.. 54,172 pulp. F. RanlvilJe o- l d H. constructed and Micb. Glass or bright metal polishing preparations, tw cy in er motor, developing 14 P. It is simply W ANTE D.-Foreman for dIe sinking and dr<,p forge Pellucide Co ...... 54, 020 free from complicated parts. Gloves and mitts, base ball, A. G . Spalding e en eS 54 029 PRICE. $900 7�d��:: t����r o t & Brother...... , !t�ME�k':�N ANDS�:a:���t BOYSl�g�ft WANTED�.t?�80x to learn plumbln/l, Gum, chewing, R. A. Brachvogel ...... •.• 54,033 Guns and rifles, sbot, Winchester Repeating •• Hartford. Conn. plasterinll, bricklaying. tlpecial otfe� Ufe scbolar.bIp ...... 53,994 fifty aoHars, easy payments. pOSitIOn guaranteed. Arms C1. Pope Manufa.cturing CO Free catalogue. Cqyne Bros. Trade Scbools, Guns, rifles, pistols, and parts thereof, shot, New York City : 1733 Broadway. Boston : 223 Colnmbus A venue. Tenth Avenue, New YJrk. ChIcagO. St, Louis. 239 Hibbard, Spencer, Bartlett & Co ..•.•• 53,979 Washington : 8I9 I4th Street, N. W. BARGAIN for one wl.hing to engage Sawmill Hair and skin tonic, Barclay & Barclay, A. l,.A. M. Machinery Manufacturing Business. Machinesin best on 53,971, 54,096 the Market. Protected by Patents. Proflts are large, Hair and whIsker dye, Charles N. Crittenton . . Sole owner retiring. Machinery, Box York. Co...... 54,1 60 773, New Hat. and caps, waterproof, Hlr.h Brothers 54,043 THE CONTROLLI NG INTEREST In Rivet Forge Hats, ladies', Carolyn & Co ...... 5.4, 000 used by the largest Bridge and Structural Com­ Hats, Panama, J. J. Seeds & Co ...... 54,022 panies A running business that can be increased by Hors,e and mule shoes, Pheonix Horse Shoe r\iht party. Write for particulars. Boston Co...... 53,98ll Crude Burner Co., 1 31 ...... Oil State St., Boston, Mass. Horse radish cream, Griggs, Cooper & Co .. 54,206 · AIGNAL AI,ARM, pat. Dec" 1905. Th e slmple.t HOSiery, J. Jaml.on ...... 54, 192 = device for refrigerators. Repeats every 5 minutes Iron ternes in sheet form, unmanufactured, :======pan is empty. Need battery. No wlnd­ . ... 53,997 == ::::======until tile no Griffiths Charcoal Iron Mills ...... r = i In�. Cost little to manufactnre. Rights for Bale. For, Jams, jellies, and' pr�serves, Siegel, Cooper ress Theophlle Paqnette, 108 Lake St., Write for ��::-'k'��� & Co ...... 54, 180 W Jams, jellies, marmalades, preserved and con- THE NEW . YORK STANDARD LET US Bill YOUR FACTORY. Hardware special­ ...•...... 54, 183 FR.EE ties manufactured under contract, models developed. .erved fruit., Sunlit Fruit Co We are spec1ali�ts in patent articles. Prompt service, Knives and razors, Hibbard, Spencer, Bart- BOOKLET reasonable prices. America lett & Co ...... 54,060 ��S!"���: lf�::n����ir.t Knives and razors, E. Krusius ...... 54,171 Illustrating Knlve., culinary, Wilkinson Shear & Cutlery , Other Styles . G a ...... ; ...... 54,O'n ��:�:i'ng �F c�Y�,!:,:y �t:mo'll- Co. and Prices ke�g,��Pa:p� ���.?rit. Laces, shoe, Narrow Fabric Co . . _ ...... 54,014 lug or fiickerIng. Send 250. for sample. Rubber Grip ...... 54,109 CHRONOGRAPH Laxative, M. H. Johnston ...... Burner Co., i4 P�rk Place,New York. Lead and oxlds of lead, white, National' Lead Co...... 53, 983, 53, 984 The Ideal Split-Second Watch for All POSITION WANTED. Lead and oxids of lead, white, Natronal Lead & Oil Co. of Pa ...... 53,985 YOUNG MAN, technical gradnate, four years' ex­ Lead and oxld. of lead, white, National Lead Laboratorial and Experimental perience Gas and. Oil ll:n�ine., would like to chanlle & 011 Co ...... 5 4,01 6. 54,01 7 s r nces. Address H, Room 902, Lead, oxids of, National Lead & Oil Co. of f� !ti���dw��h��� i�::. Pa...... 54,018 Work Lead, white, John T. Lewis & Bros. Co., 53,981, 53.982 Now Used Extensively By MACHINERY FOR SALE. Lead, white, National Lead Co. . . .54,015, 54,222 BARNES' LATHE FOR SALE.-Swing, inches ; Leather dressing, Alfred Andresen & Co . . . . 54,092 ELECTRIC AND t i� Leather, apeep, calf, goat, and kid, A. B. ' . 64 ,052, 54,053 TELEPHONE COMPANIES p����� CO!gftlo";\�£n �:::6'; : ':i:ec�:!;��: Clark Co ...... ��:'if : . . . . 54,095 Arthur W. Bu terfield , Griggsville, Ill. Liniment., F. Ayer ...... CHEMISTS t Meats, certain named 'cured, T. Stoke. & : I,'OR SALE.-At Ta'unton, Ma... . patterns, pat­ . 54 182 drawings; 4 25 Son ...... , REFINERS AND ents, to horse-power gas or oil en­ Medical preparations for certain named dis- gines. Ten years test. Can furnish sample. ' . 54 56 COMPOUNDERS OF OILS Co., 505 eases, Doctor Blosser Co ...... ,0 ' Hadwen SwainCal. Mfg. Sacramento St., San Medical preparations, homeopathiC, Mnn- FranCiSCO, yon'. Homoeopathic Home Remedy Co. 54,114 LITHOGRAPHED LETTER HEADS, Fact, Everyone Where: a FINE Bill Medicament, Verelnlgte Chininfabriken Zim- i In By Heads, Envelopes and Checks, gives standing. mer & Co., Ge •. mit beschrankter Haf- ! GUARANTEED mentionl,!g thl...... 54,087 FULLY Write to-day for prices, ' paper. tung ...... Stilwell, 709 Pine St., St. Louis. Medicinal preparation for external and in- t-Second Indicator is Essential ternal use, Davis and Lawrence Co . . . 54,100 PATENTS FOR SALE. ' Medicinal tonic for women, Parker Blake Co. 54,084 Medicinal tonic or cordial, Udolpho Wolfe I Fo r Sale By All :le wellers I HAVE FOR S'ALE the U. S. and all foreign Co...... 54,15 0, 54,151 54 0 rights of new patent Improvements in Water Tube Medicines, certain named, F. X. Hart ...... , 78 Type. of Boilers. Great economizer. J. M. Col­ Metal poll.h, Ayling Bros ...... 53,945 New York Standard Watch Co., 401 Communipaw Ave., Jersey City man, Everett, Wash. Mola ••es, Eastern Refining Co ...... 54,201 L. PATIllNTK-European Right.. I want .ole Music and music books, sheet, Feist , ... 54,074 agency for Europe for good-selling patent., or might Needles for hand sewing and machine, Singer . . 54, 023 73 Manufacturing Co ...... · buy rights. Jame. R. Moodie, Inverleith Row, 54 1 RELIABLE MARINE ENGINES Edinburgh, Scotland. Oil, ca.tor, National Lead Company ...... , 15 Oil, lubricating, Singer Manufacturing Co . . 53,987 ReUability under all ('ondi· Oil, lubricating, Fiske Brothers Refining Co, 54,204 tions is the cl�ar:tcteristic of the Oils, Co., of "Lamb " En�ines. Siz.;s PARTNERS WANTED. illuminating, Standard Oil New from ]� to 100 H. P. in stock. MARINE ENGINE . 54,025 ' York ...... Write lor catalogue. H. "LD. Baird·sITTLE Latest and Gre a.testSKI Two-CyclePPER" Gasoline Engine 54,065 WANTED, A PARTNER. I have a complete plan Ointments. W. B. Smith ...... •...... Makes a speedy little Launch from be 54 1 74 TERRY & CO. for making an apparatus to driven by gravity. Organ., Packard Co ...... , an ordinary Canoe or Row-boat. Wanted a capitallst to develop the invention. D. Overcoats and suit., Friend Bros. CIo. Co. 54,102 Managers Eastt-rn and Foreign BTanch Gingold, 297 Cherry St., New York City. Packing, piston rod and valve, Garlock Pack� 9:1 Chambers St., Ing Co...... 54.202 Bare New York 90 Paint, coal tar, Barrett Manufacturing Co. 53,997 H r Engine 111==- SITUATIONS AND PROFESSIONAL Paint for ship and boat bottoms, preserva- 2ACIU�Engine complete with$2jJ aecell80ries & . 53,961, 53.962 OPENINGS. tive, Tarr Wonson ...... and boat fittings,$89. L A $5,0'0 POSITION Is open for the right man to �. �f'{;� : :: : : : Simplest, strongest, most power­ ��l���,II��f ::: :: :: : :: Ele ctrical Engineering ful and speedy engine of its class. manage a factory in the South. Must possess success- Paper bags, '�Uni: on Bag & .•.... ggg�54.223 Paper Co Drives Canoe, Row-boat or 12 to i c un i i Paper, carbon, Carter's Ink Co ...... 54, 034 and Experimental Work 01 Every Description f�n;Xf5r:� :bsor:t e c��a�t;�dlJ3�:8: �.q��: ��� , . 20 ft. Launch 6 to 10 miles per Paper holder. and cutters, roll, National hour, or 35 ft. Sailor 3� to 4, mi. New York. 54,046 We have every faCility for producing first-class work 773, Candy Mold and Manufacturing Co .•.... promptly. Our factory Is equipped with modern ma­ per hour as an auxiliary Rever­ WANTEIl.- Exnerienced and Responsible Patent Paper, printing and writing, Dill & Collinij chinery throughout. sible. anyone can install and run it, always safe and certain Rt ht8 Salesman to sell territory for: a new gasoline ...... 54,135 10 go. SOLD UNDER Ii YEAR GUAIUNTEE. 8, an u Co ...... ;�c�\ i��.:l���r;:��s��f�n. i.i.��!caa <'l��;:��: Paper, wrapping. Dayton Paper Novelty Co. 54, 101 C. F. SPLITDORF ST.. CLAIR MOTOR CO., Dept. 1 7 DETROIT. MICH. �Momence, Ill. Piano players, mechanical, Aeolian Co ...... ' 54.154 Englllee ing Dept. 17-27 Vandewater St., N. Y. City ...... 076 Plano., Goetz & Co ...... ; 54, ._;;;;; r . 5'lo. 205 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;; Pickled limes. Griggs. Cooper · & Co ...... 1 • ;;;; ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;______HOTELS AND RESORT& Pills, Allcock Manufacturing Co ...... 54.093 ;;;;;;;;� Pills, J. Beecham ...... 54,158 JAMESTOWN. OPPOSITE NEWPORT. Tho rn­ Plaster, medicinal. W. C. Devolld ...... 53. 974 dyke Hotel and 8 new cottages, furnished. Chal m­ Plasters, porous. Allcock Manufacturing Co. 53,969 ing location on shores of Narragansett Bay ; 15 min­ Purses and hand bags, leather, Gorham Mfg. utes to Newport by ferry. P. H. Horgan, New­ Co ...... 54,036 port, R. Rat, vermin, and insect destroyer or exter- lDaybe spent inVaca om, of Nature's ptilaygroonunds, where buoyant, clear air, I,200 I. Your minator, E. S. Wells ...... 54,051 closely linked lakes and streams, genial sunshine, virgm woods and high­ PROFESSIONAL CARDS. Remedies for bronchial affections, J . Wer- lands, splendid trout-fishing, cooking that will make you fat , canoeing, loafing. theim ...... 54, 126 and running across m ighty nice people will r e-create yon in mind and body.­ LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS. J. H. Shepard & RemedIes for certain named dIseases, H. Algonquin Park and surrounding district in Ontario, Canada, is the place, and 5 5 Son, 302 Euclid Ave., Syracuse, N. Y. Twenty-filP D. Rucker ...... 4,08 the Orand Trunk Railway System is the way. Through car connections years' experience. Remedies. proprietary, P. F. & J. A. Wel- from Boston. New York, Buffalo and Chicago. Write for our resort booklets . . ' ...... 54,125 560 lenberger . . . on Algonqnin Park, us oka I,akes, Georgian Bay, and Temagami Region to LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT. Wm . Web.ter. 54,058 M k North St., Rochester, N . Y. Established 1853. Remedy for coughs and cold •. O. C. B. Grom Rem dY /Or lmpoverIshed blood and nerve •, BUILD AT COST. Town or Conntry. W. H. A. i. c oteau ...... ' ...... " . . . . . 54. 035 Horsfall, Architect, 18 and 20 East 42d St., New ed c T. H. Hanley, N. E. Pass. Ag't ORAND TRUNK RAILWAY SYSTEM, 360 Washington St., Boston York. N. Y. Tel. 2968--38th. 1 ______".__ ...... :�� lrU s����� �lim �x �O�d ����l�:1 c��::: gg�� ... "Connecticnt, H guns of ...... 249 Jimmies, burglar's ...... 89 Races at Ormond meet ...... w Behring sea tunnel ...... 282. 367 2m ILLUSTRATIONS. Conveyer, automatic . ...., ... :364 JOint, a universal .....•..... 38 Rack at Rockaway ...... 4 79 Blbliophagin ...... Coracle, circular ...... 369 Joint, l'a:ll, new ...... 156 Rail jOint, new ...... 156 "WaH, retaining, concrete ... . 395 Bicycle generating station ... *46 1331 *500 Bicycle sled, "\\rellman's ..... A Cord knotter ...... 513, 514 RatIway, A lpine, Murren , 166, 169 vVall, training ...... 176 Corn harvcster ...... 9G Ratchet device, new ...... 38 War automobile ...... 228 Hicyeles, motor equip ...... *!'!6 Cotton picking machine ..... 371 K Receiver, wileless, electrolyt 538 Watch dials novelty in ..... 155 Billiard table adjustment . ... 520 Aerodrome, Langley . : 93 Crane, electric, 1oo-tOIl..... 509 Recorder photo, Milne's .... 498 Water stcnhzing appal·at ... . 456 ri f. Aeroplane, Danish "" . , ,. 252 � 1 �tf2�� ��� � � cu;�bi it;,:: , , Crane, traveling, new ...... 90 "Kaiserin Auguste Victoria," 49� Recorder , earthquake .. .498, 499 'Vater supply, New York's .. 250 e 0 0 l Aeroplane, Wright's ...... ,. 291 1 ��� Crater or Vesuvius...... 3:1 Keys, skeleton ...... 89 Rectifier, mercury arc ...... 148 Watering pot, automatic .... 8 Blood. coloring matter ...... 174 Aerotonon, Roman ...... 95 . Cra lish, Abbe, Prof. Ernst, work of .. 27 1 Dredges, floatirig, for Panama. 68 Light, electriC, for yachts .. 194 Salton, inunda tion of ....328, 329 Branson, J. L., death of ..... 518 Automobile, an ice ...... 174 Academy of Sciences. Nat ... 3601 Drydock, Cavlte ...... 10, 11 Lights, night ...... 517 San li'rancisco disaster, the, Bread-making cabinet ...... *292 , Automobile race, Ormond .... 133 Acid and coiled spring expel'. 9 Dryptosaurs, fighting ...... 105 Lighthouse, Diamond Shoals . 245 392, 393 Breadstuffs, exports of...... 4] 1 Automobile school ...... 43 Acid, salicylic, detection of .. 167 Dust collector ...... ••.•.. 108 Lighthouse, moving a ...... 134 Sand waves, work of ....172, 173 Breastplates, aluminium .... 306 Automobile skates ...... 301 , 306 Aero Club, exhibit of ...... "93 Dust, street, tE'stine' ...... 108 Lighthouse oscillations ...... 304 Saw, hand, portable ...... 256, Bridge, chain, Manhattan ... 246 Automobile, war ...... ' 228 Aeronautical apparatus ..... *93 Dynamometer, siinple 155 "Llvadia," yacht ...... 368 Scaffolding, improved ...... 518 ·...... 3 Bridge, Hudson MemoriaL ...*366 Automobiling to South ..... 460 Aeronautical note . .. 1 6 Screw fi.ver, Santos�DumoIlt's 129 Bridge, Manhattan, delay, Auto·propulseur, the 369 Lizards, fossils, giant ...... 113 Aeronautics, object lesson in 327 Lock, time, Hollar's ...... 325 a 'a 4 Aeroplane, Wright ...... 40, "291 126, 246 E ��: � d: � �� E��b';y ��:: : �� Locomotive boiler explosion . 515 rc t t Aeroplane, Vuia ...... *252 Bridge, roller, perambulator. ·519 1 ! 2 *;]49 B v:.comotive, compo French . ,. 254 Seat back, folding ...... 520 Agricultural products, exports 411 Bl'oHer, electric ...... Earthquake and car tracks .. 473 Locomotive, electric, an ..... 365 Seine tunnel, the ...... 149 Air, bad, detective ...... 12 Bromelia .tiber ...... *71 Earthquake, etfects of ...... 419 Locomotive, mining ...... 409 , 412 Seismograph, the ...... 344 Air box for stoves ...... *256 Buckboard runabout ...... *21 1\ •...... •...... Ball bearing, silent...... 84 Earthquake recorders 498, 499 Locomotive, Simplon tunnel . , 290 Seismographs 498 Air, compressed, novel use� . 36..1') Buildings, woodell, S. Fran- Barrel carrier ...... 96 cisco ...... 495 Earthquake, San Francisco, Long Island City elect. stat. . 345 Sheepshead, California ...... 458 Ail', fresh, for miners ...... , 460 Barrels, retaining device ..... 372 392, 393 Shell, armor-piercing ..., .... 274 Air, liquid, effect on tem- Bullion refining, electric .... 67 Bas relief.· · cement ...... 396 Eclipse of sun ...... 145, 153 Shingles, manufacture of .... 255 perat...... , ...... 454 Burbank. recent experiments. J30 Baths, sea, artlficlal...... 195 Edison, automobile trip of ... 460 M Ship, globular, a ...... 368 All', radio-activity ...... 362 Burglary, art of...... ·88 Batteries, storage, cbarging , 148 Eggs, Easter, making ...... 309 Signaling apparatus, fog .... 453 Air regenerator, an ...... *512 Battleship, circular ...... *369 Electric machine, .B'rankl1n .. H5] "Macomb," snagboa.t 478 Signs, danger. for auto...... 36 Airship, "ltalla" ...... *532 Battleship "Dreadnought" .. 2u8 Electric power at Niagara ... 248 Machine sling, Roman 95 Simpion tunnel locomotive ... 290 Airship, von Zeppelin's ...... *19 5 c Beams, concrete ...... 385 Engine, motor boat ...... 193 Mail catching device ...... 304 Skate, motor ...... 129 Airship voyage to the pole .. 270 Bi-planes, Browu's ...... 93 0 Engiue, "Speed\\'ay" ...... 192 Meat press, multiple ...... 42 Skates, auto mobile ...... 30 1, 30 6 Albumen, artificial ...... 250 Cabbage chopper, electric ....*350 Bicycle sled, Wellman·s ..... 500 Engraving steel plates ...... 412 Meerschaum pipE'S ...... 348 Sled, bicycle ...... 500 Alcohol, denatured, free . 450, 470 Cabinet for bread making ...*29'.l Billiard table, adjustment . .. 520 Eutby tonon, Roman ...... 95 Messages, wireless, directing . 110 Sleigh, motor ...... 269 Alcohol, indust. uses ...... 535 Cable, 10,OOO -volt, laying ..."532 Bludgeons, burglar's ...... 89 Evaporator, milk ...... 492 Metal, expanded ...... 384 Snag boats, Southern .... .469, 478 Alcohol, industrial uses of ... 511 Cables, X-ray test of ...... 89 Bluefish, supplying N. Y •..• 537 4 Milk, dried, apparatus ...... 92 Snails, sense of smell in .... 371 Alcohol, tax·freed ...... 538 Caffein in coffee...... 107 Boat, gas propelled ...... 305 Milking stool ...... 519 Snakes, feeding of ...... 196 Alcohol for motors, cheap ... 283 Caisson disease, cause ...... 510 Boa t. hydroplane ...... 188 F Mines, submarine detonatious. 170 Snow sculptures ...... 42 Aluminium breastplates ..... 307 Calcium carbide in Europe ... 307 Boat, motor, twin screw . .... 193 Mining locomotive ...... 409 , 412 Soldiers, mountaineer, Italy . 112 Aluminium, production ..... 135 Calendar, perpetual ...... 495 Boa ts, circular ...... 36D .B"inger moistener 520 Mixing machines, concrete, Sole for shoes ...... 76 Aluminium steels ...... 827 California fruit ...... 435 Boats, motor ...... 18fi Fireprooting at Sun Il"rancisco . 47il 388, 389, 391 Sounding apparatus, new .... 308 Aluminium transmis. Jines. ..*229 Canal by lake and locks ..... 106 Boiler, hot air ...... 494 Flags, warship, making ..... 533 Moleculf>s, size of ...... 1 50 Spark coil constructIon ...... 195 Aniline in foods, detect ...... 167 Canals in India ...... 323 Boiler, locom., explosion .... 515 �' Iatlron, electric ...... 349 Monument, a Riombamba . ... 6 Spark, electric, autograph of 92 Animal study, new depart. .. 350 Canal, lock, Bates plan ....."J 09 Boiler, water-tube ...... 13 lf loor beams, concrete ...... 168 Motogodille, the ...... 189 Speedster, lO-h.p...... 26 Annunciator, improved ...... *136 Canal, lock high level...... 186 Bread-making cabinet ...... 272 1;'1001', parabolic ...... 489, 493 Motor, a2-h.p...... 26 Sphere, magic ...... 4 89, 493 Ant, tbe white ...... 156 Can s Bridge, Hudson memorial . ... 361 .F'loors, COllcrete ...... 394 Motor boat, twin screw ...... 193 Spider crab, giant ...... 459 Ant, white, fertilizing power 435 ��n . . . �:. : 30:3 BrIdge, roller, perambulator . 519 �' ::'.. �� ������: Flying machiue ...... 129 Motor boats ...... 185 Sprinkling pot, automatic ... 8 h Canal. N ortb Sea ...... 346 Broiler, electric ...... ;:;-4!:) 5 !��f : � . Flying machines. foreign .... 2 2 Motor, FL'a.vel'-MiUer ...... 28 Stairway, concrete ...... 394 q i� es� �m��: L��d��: Canal, Panama ...... ,206, 410 Bromella fiber ...... 71 Fog signaling apparatus . .... 452 Motor, the Knox ...... 29 Standards of length ...... 209 Archaeology.1 'iischool ...... ;g&13 Canal, Panama, excavation . *68 Brussels, Museum Nat. Jlist.. . 235 Foundations, construction of, Motor, marine, two-cycle .... 192 Stars, morning and evening .. 230 Arches, concrete ...... *385 Canal, Panama, lock ...... 530 Buckboard, a light ...... 27 476, 477 Motor paddle wheel ...... 189 Station at Tulcan...... 6 Architecture. naval, curious ..*368 Canal, Panama, problem ..... 535 Bus, Oldsmobile ...... 33 E'oundry work, puzzling bit .. 275 Motor, polyphase ...... 370 Station, geodetic, Quito ...... 6 Arc of meridian, determ. .... *6 Canal, Panama, schemes .... 66 �'rank1!n, Benjamin ...... �41 Motor skate ...... 129 Station, Pennsylvania R. R., Argon and ultra-violet rays. 23 Canal, Panama, trip t�rough . *212 �' rictlon, clutch ...... 420 VB. c Motor slelgb ...... 269 429, 438 Armor plate burglars ....*325 Canal traffic, Europe ...... 150 Friction disk drive ...... 27 Motor, surf ...... 480 Steamship, the largest...... 496 Army Signaling apparatus ... 283 Canal zone sanitation ...... *21� Fuel, oil, south. railroads ... 5�6 Motor, Welch ...... 31 Steel plates, engraving ...... 412 Army transport by sea ...... 86 Canals, electricity for, ...... 411 Cabbage chopper, electric ... 350 !i'uel test, auto ...... 413, 414 Museum, Bruss(�ls ...... 235 Sterilization, water, apparat. 457 Arrowheads shaped with Cancer in mice, studies on .. 471 ...... •....• g��\�� t' �1��t� t.lnf Yi�g Music, electrical 268 Stool, milking ...... 519 ,vood ...... *215 Candle making, Fr ench ...... *516 l : a : :: Storage cell. Edison ...... 94 Arsenic VS. iron rust ...... 23 Car, Berliet, in America. ... 26 1 ��� G Cables, aluminium . ..., ...... 229 Stoves, air box for...... 256 Asbestos of Switzerland ..... 329 Car, motor, Adams-Farwell .. *29 Canal. lake and lock ...... 109 N Sun, eclipse of ...... 145, 1 53 Astronomy, new conceptions. 106 Car, motor, four-cylinder ... *29 Canal, Panama ...68, 69, 205, 212 Gage, triple and butt ...... 480 Sun dial, cement ...... 326 Assouan dam ...... 510 Car, motor, speeds, Florida ..*1.15 Canal zone, sanitation ...214, 21fi Gasoline locomotive ...... 40 9, 412 Niagara, electric power at .... 248 Surgical instruments, tem� Atmosphere, currents of ..... 147 Car, motor, 'Union Pacific.... *472 Candle making, French ..516, 517 Gatun dam ...... 213 pered ...... 500 Atmospheric humidity, regut. *512 Car of dynamite, accident to. *237 Car, auto, Marmon ...... 29 Gear, overhead ...... 85 Surveying, simple ...... 495 Atoms, electrons and ions ... 266 Car, raCing, Christie ...... *4 7;1 o Car, motor, Adams-Farwell . .. 29 Generating station, bicycle .. 46 Switches, hea ting ...... 365 Atoms, Lord Kelvin on ...... 411 Car, touring, Cadillac ...... *30 Car, motor, Mercedes ...... 33 Generator, water-tube ...... 13 Automaton, a clever ...... *46 Car, touring, Cleveland ..... *32 Car, motor, Union Pacific .... 472 c s Of Ore unloading machinery ..125 , 133 Car, touring, Grout ...... *53 glf l�� :n J�� ::::::: 'I' Auto-carte, tbe ...... * 155 Car of dynamite, accident .,. 236 d : e . ��:: ��i Automobile ca rnl va I ...... 454 Car, touring, Limousine ..... *3] Car, racing, Christie ...... 472 Gliding machine, Lilienthal .. 93 Automobile, electric ...... 23 Car, touring, Lane ...... *52 p Car, touring, Cadillac ...... 30 Globe, lamp, noveL ...... 480 Automobile in 1906 ...... 22 Car, touring, Marmon .... � .. *28 Car, touring. Clevel�nd ...... 32 Globe, life saving ...... :,68 Tapers, wax ...... 516 Automobile, ice ...... *174 Car, touring, National ...... *54 Car, touring, Columbi.a ...... 33 Golf club bead ...... n6 Paddle wheel, motor ...... 189 Taxidermy . artistic ...... 271) Automobile · industry in France 40 Car, touring, Nortbern ...... *34 ' 96 Cal , touring, Grout ...... 33 Gun attachment ...... Pall holder ...... 519 Tire protector, new ...... 215 Automobile, Mercedes ...... *53 Cars, auto. Decauville ..... 56 . n5 Car, touring, Hayllt�s ...... 33 Gun, Vickel's-Maxim, llew ... 440 Palintonon, Roman ...... Teeth, artificial ...... 288 Automobile notes .. .40. *49, ] 70 Cars, Franklin ...... *40 Car, touring, Lane ...... 33 Gyroscope, marine .. .•...... 90 Panama Canal excavation •. 68, 69 Telegrams, wireless, directing 110 237, 307, 347, 367, 454, 511 Cars, auto, in fuel test ...... *414 Car, touring, Oldsmobile . .... 30 Panama Canal, lock ...... 109 Telegraphy, wireless and body 154 Automobile races, Ormond ...*18 3 Cats, auto, in Holland ...... 414 Car, touring, Rambler ...... 33 Panama Canal, trip .....205, 212 Telegraph, wireless, Bell .... 324 Automobile school, an ...... *435 Cars, auto, White ...... 55 H 5 Car, touring, Royal ...... 32 Paper, paraffined ...... 17 Telegraphy, wireless, Africa . 234 Automobile show and carni- Cars, motor, energy test ..... 511 Cars, auto, crossing Cont. , Pedestal, cem'�nt ...... 396 'I'e lephone instrument ...... 76 val ...... 439 Cars, spring wheel, contest. . 367 21, 24, 25 Hadrosaurus ...... 113 Pel'Umbuiatol', bridge for .. 519 Telephone, Lorimer ...... 437 Automobile shows, displays . 87 Cars, steel, in subway fire.. 490 Cars, auto In fuel test ...413, 414 Hair drying machine ...... 349 Pennsylvania R.R. station, "Ten��ssee," cruiser ...... 215 Automobile, sight-seeing ... 520 C&rs, touring, high po\ver ... *32 45;; Ga rs, fastest, Florida contest . 115 Hammock support ...... 13 429, 438, 449, Tent, novel ...... 196 Automobile speed, new ...... *115 Cars, touring, Oldsmobile ... *RO Carbureter, automatic ...... 27 Handhold, electric ...... 96 Phosphorescence in animals. . 135 Tire, non-Skidding ...... 519 Automobile statistics ...... 304 Carbureter, automatic ..*27, *326 Carbureter, novel ...... 326 Handle . for gUllS ...... 96 Photograph, historic, a ....74, 75 ".roboganning, 'vater ...... 21 Automobile trip round world . 494 Ca rgo, a strange ...... 327 Cavlte drydock ...... 10, 11 Hand saw,· portable ...... 25tl Photographs, ditl'raction color. 455 Tormentum, Roman ...... 95 Automobile, trip of an ...... *24 Carnegie Inst:, appropria ... 539 Cement burning, fl am(� in .... 387 Heavens III April ...... 267 Plano making .416, 417, 432, 433 Torpedo, turbine ...... 3 . 7 Automobiles, war ...... *228 Carpet, a new ...... 520 Cement, art possibilities ..... 396 Heavens in May ...... 345 Pier, concrete ...... 384 Touring car, Northern ...... 34 Automobiles. Rambler ...... *52 Carpet Industry of Persia. ... 11 Cemetery, a, in earthquake . 418 Heavens in .June ...... •... 451 Pipes. meerscbaum ...... 348 Touring car, Peerless...... 31 Autos, army. Germany ...... 154 Carrier pigeons. pl'ice of ..... 215 Chain wrench ...... 256 Heavens in July ...... 531 Piston rods. moving ...... 518 Toy, novel ...... 372 Automobiling to the South .."460 Castor oil, a derivative of . . 2a Chair and life preserver ..... ]76 lleleropod, luminous ...... 135 Platinum wire, burning ...... 92 'rracer, profile ...... 308 Catgut strings ...... 411 Chair for seasJckness ...... 72 Helicoptere ...... , ..... 1 29 Potato paring machine ...... 3;10 Transmission, Mercedes ..... 29 Cavlte dry dock ...... *10 Chassis, Marmon ...... 28 Helicopter, Leger's ...... 253 Power plant, concrete ...... 385 Transmission, typical ...... 27 B Cement, artistic nossihil. ....*396 Cheese cutter, new ...... 256 Horn, auto, Gabriel ...... 36 Power station, Penn. R .R., Tree, arched, curious ...... 155 Cement burning, flame in ....*387 Chromoscope, diffraction . .... 459 Hospitals, electricity ...... H 281, 285, 286, 345 Tree within a tree ...... 367 Ball bearing, s!lent "34 Cement, caseine ...... 187 Clarifier, milk ...... 492 Hudson Memorial bridge . .... 361 Power transmis. Long Is1. Triceratops, the ...... 113 Balloon ascensions, recent ... 303 Cellient drain tiles wanted . . lin Clotbes line support ...... 76 Hydrogen generator ...... 130 R.R ...... 479 Trick, chemical ...... 513 Banana, essence ...... 150 Cement manufact., govern- ...... •.... Clutch, Franklin 40 Hydroplane boat ...... 188 Printing press, Franldin's ... 351 Truck, auto, 16-h.p...... 33 Barium, iodo-mercurate . .... 451 ment a ...... 382 Clutch, friction, new ...... 420 Profile tracer ...... 308 �:runnel, Seine, the...... 149 Barrel carrier ...... *96 Cement, manufact. in U. S .. 455 Clutch, wheel ...... 38 Projectile, energy of, loss ... 190 Turbine, Parsons ...... 128 Barrels, retaining device ....*372 Gement, POl'tiland . facts about 470 Coal, slack, burning ...... 210 I Pump, an ejector ...... 236 �'ypesetting macbine 73 Ba ths, sea, artificial...... *1 95 Cement tiles again ...... 251 Coaling warships ...... 65, 68 Purse, book ...... 373 Battery, storage, Morrison. .. 40 Cereals, rusts of ...... 71 Colorado River, overflow of. Ice automobiles ...... 174 Pyrometer, thermo-electric . , 415 Batteries, storage, charging .*148 Chair and life preserver. ... *176 328, 329 Ignition outfit ...... 38 Pyrosom a, the ...... 135 v Battle, modern, life risk in. 282 Chair for seasickness ...... *72 Columns, concrete ...... 384 illUSion, optical .•...... 489, 493 Battleship "Dreadnought. " Chain wrench ...... *25 6 Columns, stone. boring ...... 272 Indicator, engine ...... 307 166. "208 Channel, English, crossing ... 154 Com posing machine ...... 73 Ingalls Building, the ...... 394 Valentines, manufacture of .. 152 Battleship "Dreadnought, " Channel tunnel. the ...... 322 Concrete block machines .390, 391 Inhalatorium, an ...... ]75 Valve. locomotive' . ' .' ...... 292 guns ...... 515 Charcoal powder, hot ...... 30:3 Q:mcrete construction ....384, 385 Insulator, pin ...... 519 Quarto observatory 499 Valve. Walschaert ...... 275 Battleship "Kearsarge," dis- Chauffeur, genesis of ...... 396 Co ncrete mixing machines. Quito arc, detcrm . 6 Vault, armor plate ...... 321 aster ...... 342 Chauffeur, foreign ...... ]74 388. 389, 391 Vehicle, rowing, land...... 256 Battleships, uniformity In ... 322 Cheese cutter, new ...... "25 6 Concrete retaining wall ...... 395 Ventilator, wIndow ...... 76 Beam bending machine...... 8 Chime, stone, Chinese...... 91 R Concrete stairway ...... 394 Vessel, circular, mediaeval .. 369 Beams, concrete ...... *384 Chimney. steel, largest . .... 5()() Concrete, armored, Oregon . ,. 168 Jackscrew to 11ft sates ...,.. 88 V'essels, sunken, marking ' .' .. 256 Beaufort Sea, exploration of 207 Chinatown In China ...... 210 Concreting ...•.•...... •.•.• 459 a reservoir 381 Jelly fisb, large , Racer, Christie 472 Vesuvius, past and present .. 831 Bees, Insects and tlowers... , 1�5 Chocolate torelgn products , •• 411 Scientific American JUNE 30, 1906.

Chromoscope, dlJrractlon •••• 455 F Inventions, valuable, two . ... 12 Niagara, electric power at. '248 Relics, Roman, discovery of. 72 Taxidermy, artistic ••..••.•'272 Circuit, auto, European ...• 307 Inventors, association of .... 521 Niagara Falls, preserve ..... 271 Reptiles, fossil, giant ...... *113 Teeth, artifiCial, how made. '2811 Circus attractions, scientific . 270 Farms, wealth of onr...... 4 Ions, atoms and electrons .•. 266 Niagara Falls, protection of. 322 Reservoir, concreting ....•.·386 Tehuantepec railroad ...... 410 Clothes line support ...... '76 Fever, intermittent, gentian Irrigation In California ...... 457 Niagara problem, the .•....• 271 Reservoir, Croton, the ...... 86 Telegrams. wir�less, directing*11(, Clutch, adjustable ...... '420 in ...... 287 Iron alloys, manufacture of . 67 Niagara River, diversion of. 226 Reservoirs, west., and Croton Telegraph, wireless, litigation 287 Coal depOSits of America .. 499 Fever, typboid, in N . Y ..... 479 Iron, cast, va. wrought, for Niagara, saving ...... 171 dam ...... 530 Telegrapb, wireless, troubles 510 Coal, slack, burning .•.•••••*210 Fever, yellow, and mosquitoes 9 pipes ...... 150 Nitrates, electric production. 306 Resin, manufacture of...... 431 Telegraph, wireless, messages 430 Coal tar dye industry ..••••.. 236 Finger moistener ...... ••...'520 Iron supply, the world's.247, 475 Nitrogen perox. on ammonia. 411 Respiratory power, limits ... 414 Telegraphy, wireless, Africa. '234 Coaling war ships ...••••••• '68 Fireproof construction • • . .. 496 Iron, wrought, for pipes. .... 211 Retrograde step, a ...... 362 Telegraphy, Wireless, army . *46 Cocoas, foreign, prod. in .... 411 FireprOOfing, at San Fran- Rhodesia, ruins in ...... *231 Telegraphy, Wireless, Bell ...*324 Cod liver oil, freezing ...... 171 cisco .....•..•...... •..*473 o Ribbon, measuring ...... 459 Telegraphy, wireless, body in. *154 Colled spring problem...... 71 Fire shield, a ...... 518 J Rifle, army, new ...... 343 Telegraphy, Wireless, decade 490 Coke in Germany ...... 514 Fishes in snperaerated water 88 Riveting with pneum. bam- Telegraplly, wireless, recent. 229 Cold, blessings of ...... ,.... 42 Flags, warship, making ....•*533 Jamestown celebration ..•... 327 Ocean races for small boats . 490 mers ...... 229 Telegraphy, wireless, station 26 Cold, greatest, place of ...... 5 Flatiron, electric .....•••...*349 Japan, copy O'f inventions in. 89 Oceanography, discoveries in. 147 Road indicator, auto ...... *155 Telep�one instrument, new .. *76 Color bllndness, curability of 498 Flies, destruction of...... 189 Japan, electric installations. 95 Odors in subway., to prevent 251 Rock columns, boring ...... *272 Telephone, Lorimer ...... '437 Colorado River, overflow of .•*328 Flies, dried. as bird · food . . •. 327 Japan, navy of ...... 470 Oiler, lnbricating, re-util ... 12 Rock salt vs. radium rays .. 236 Telephone, sociological ef- ...... •• •...... Omnibns, Oldsmobile ...... '54 Columns, concrete *384 Floor parabolic , '493 Jerome Park reservoir ...... *386 Roofing, concrete ...... *385 fects ...... 500 Columns, solid rock, boring ..*272 Floors, concrete ...... ; ....*385 Joint, rail, new ...... *156 Onager, Roman ...... *95 Rose, little friend of...... *12 Teletyper, tbe ...... 94 Combustion, mecban, equlv .. 175 Flotilla, submarine, British . . 302 JOint, universal, new .•.•...• *38 Orchid seed, germination of. 115 Rowing vehicle, land ...... *257 Tempering gold, silver, etc . 500 Comet, Brooks, New ..•...... 130 F"lour, milk •...... •." •...*492 Ordnance, Roman •...... " *95 Rubber from bark ...... 128 , n g Comet, Halley's, return of .. 474 Fluid lenses ...... 471 "Oregon," paSSing of the . ... 4 Runabout, a light ...... *26 ?-;��ti�:ss�� , ? ���ise� ::�: : : : *��g Comet, new ...... 270 Flying machine, prize for. .. 170 K Ore unloading" machinery ...'13 1 Runabout, 4-cyUnder ...... *27 Tent, a novel ...... *19 6 CompOSing machine, nm" .••• *73 Flying macblnes •...... •.• 475 Oysters ordered by telephone. 500 Rush paper ...... 254 Test, Coupe d'Or ...... 494 Compound, a new ...... 451 Flying machines, foreign ...'252 "Kaiserin Auguste Victori�" 496 Ozone apparatus, new...... 8 Rusts of cereals ...... 71 Test, economy. auto...... 494 Conceptions, bewildering . ... 171 Flying machines, new ...... *129 "Kearsarge" disaster ...... • 342 Textiles, adulteration of .... 147 Concrete, applications of .... 471 Flywbeel accident ...... 150 Kinetograph view, a curions 271 Tbeater, fireproof, model ... 477 .•... p Concrete, armored, construc- Fog Signaling apparatns '452 Kitchen, electrical ••.•.•...•'349 s Thea ter stage lighting. .... 414 tion ...... '384 Food, condensed, new ...... 250 Tbeories, apropos of .....•• 107 Concrete and stone masonry . 536 Food, new Ideas about...... 72 Paddle wheel, motor, a ....'189 Thermo-dynamics, second law 67 Concrete block macblnes ....•'390 Food, pure, law, need of .••. 491 L Pail bolder ...... '519 Safes. fireproof, salving •.. 434 Tiles, cement ...... 191, 251 Concrete building blocks ..... 415 Foreshore protection ...... 146 Pain and Inflammation..... 343 Safety device, auto ...... '156 Time signals, electric light. 191 Concrete, fireproof qual...... 382 Foundations, construction of. *476 Lagging, magnesia for ..•••• 9 Painting, durability in ..•.. 332 St. Clair tunnel, electrifying. 146 Tin plate mills In Wales ... 290 Concrete, how to make...... 387 Fonndry work, a puzzling bit. '274 Lake Erie, dam for...... 127 Palntillg, house, develop ... 293 Salton baSin, inundation ... *310 Tire, non-skidding ..•.•....*519 Concrete masonry, use of ... 479 Franklin, bicentenary of . ... 86 Lake Titicaca, navigation ... 150 Palltonon, Roman ...... *95 Salton Sea, overflow of .....'328 Tire protector, new ...... *215 Concrete mixing machinery ..*388 Franklin, scientific work of ..*350 Lamp, electric, for autos .... *36 Panama Canal ...... 410 San. Francisco earthquake, .. Tire road test, a ...... 58 Concrete piles ...... 460 Friction clutch, new ...... •..*420 Lamp globe, novel ...... 480 Panama Canal, Bates plan.·109 347, '392, 470, 474 Tire, Swinehart .....•.•.... 57 .....•• Concrete retaining wall...... '3 95 Fritz medal, award of 108 Lamp, time-controlled .•....*519 Peoama Canal, excavation .. *68 San Franscisco notes ...... 434 Tires, inflation, proper...... 40 Concrete, reinforced .....*16 8, 383 Front, a cbange of...... 206 Langley, S. P. , death of .... '207 Panama Canal, sanitation •..*214 Sand waves� work of ...... *172 Tires, Morgan and Wright ...55 {) Concrete stairway ...... ' ... *394 Fruit, amelioration of...... Laocoon group, the •.•...... *439 Panama Canal, schemes ...• 66 Sanding tracks, device for. 13 Titicaca, lake, navigation ... 150 Conduit system, curb ...... 520 Fruit, California ...... 435 LaunCh, electric .....•••....*19 2 Panama Canal, trip through. '212 Santa Rosa, earthquake at . 435 Toma to disease In England . 211 i 'Connecticut, " guns of ...... *249 Fruit, preserving, new meth- Lawyers, advice to ...... 230 Panama, earthquake problem. 266 Saw, hand, portable ...... '256 Tool room, efficient ...... 342 . . . .. 351 Conveyer, automatic ...... *36 4 od ...... Lead a form of radium ? ... 226 Panama, opinion from .....• 362 -Sawmill refu,lle as fuel. ....• 290 Tormentum, Roman ...... •. *95 Cooling gas motor cylind .... *70 Fuel consumption, auto ..•... 307 Ll!gumes, commercial cult.... 227 P.a nama, past experienC/es. 206 ScaJroldlng, Improved ...... *518 Torpedo boat. motor ...... *19 0 Copper refining, electricaL ... 66 Fuel,' saw mill refuse as .... 290 Lengtb, standards of ...... •'209 Panama, present conditions .. 450 Scales, computing, manu fact. 196 Torpedo boats, naval...... 286 Copper silicide ...... 90 Fuel test, autc)mobile ...382 , *414 ' 4nses, fluid ...... 471 Paper gas pipes ...... 435 SCience, Amer. Academy of. 363 Torpedo, turbine, new ...... *7 Cord knotter, the . . .•..*513, '514 railroads ... *536 Fuel, oil, south. Letter, open, to mayor ...... 283 Paper, rush ...... •.• 254 Science- notes ....5; ' 23, 67, 107 Tour, Glidden, rules for ...•• 494 Corn harvester .....•...... *96 U'ungi, study of ...... 154 Letter writing, ancient .....*312 Parachutes, lesson taugbt by 151 147, 167, 227, 271 , 303, 411 Touring car, Darracq ...... 56 ..•.. Cotton, exports of...... 411 Furnace, glass, electric 146 Leveler, billiard table •....•.'520 Park, Queen Victoria ...... 391 Science, teachipg in schools. 151 Touring car, Peerless ...... *31 Cotton picking machine..... '37 1 Furnaces, blast, In U. S. .... 288 Lifeboats, gasoline ...... '233 Patent cases, decisions in .. 292 Screw flyer, Santos-Dumont's. *129 Toy, novel ...... ••..*372 Crane, cable, the ...... 171 Light, a standard of ...... 211 Patent ,extel)slon b'il ...... 267 Sea erosion , protection vs ... 146 Tracer, profile ...... '308 Crane, derrick, 100-ton .••...*515 Llgbt, blue, as anaestbetic .. 227 Patents, brief notes on, Sea life, forms of ...... *4 58 Traction, direct current. .... 22 Crane, traveling, new ...... *90 G Light, electric, for carriage .. *36 13, 76, 480, 520 Sea of Japan, pbotograpb .. '74 Trade of U . S. wltb Europe. 253 Croton reservoir, tbe...... 86 Light, electriC, for yacbts ..'19 4 Patent department, Searchlight, automobile ....'2 84 Trade mark law, amend.... 363 Croton Valley, water divers . 131 Gage, triple and bntt ...... '480 Light measurements, unit for 91 '13, *256, '480, *518 SeaSickness, chair for ...... *72 TransmiSSion, electric. long. 282 Cruiser uTennessee" ...... *230 Gas engine, Capitaine...... 5 Light, standard of ...... 271 Patents, extension ...... 307 Seat back, folding ...... '520 Train, gasoline electric. .... 431 Cruisers of French navy. ... 515 Gas engine efficiency ...... 247 Lightbouse, Diamond Sboals . '251 Pearl, Mississippi .••.•••..• 23 Secrecy in processes...... 499 Train markers ...... 13 Cunarders, new ...... *270 Gas engine, refractory lined . 171 Lighthouse, moving a ...... '134 Peat, wood from ...... 415 Seeds and susp. anima ...... 530 Trains, electric, for Simplon 190 Cunarders, screw propelled .. 91 Gas engines for elec. generat. 474 Ligbtbouses, oscillations .... '304 Pennsylvania RR. station, Seine, tunnel under ...... *1 4!l Trainsheds, big, end of ...... 500 Cup, aeronautiC, internat. ... 420 Gas, hydrogen, process...... 5 Lightning flashes, duration .. 246 '438, '453 Seismograpb. the ...... '34 4 Transmission, Mercedes .... *29 Curb conduit system...... 520 Gas motor cylinders, cooling ·70 Ligbtnlng stroke •...... '108 Perambulators, bridge for ...'519 Seismographs, European ....*498 Transmitter, microphone ... 211 Curie, Prof. , deatb of ...... 347 Gas pipes, paper ...... 435 Linoleum for floors...... 389 Phosphorescence in animals. *135 Sbale fields, Australian. .... 67 Tree, arched, curious ...... *155 Current, ocean, course of . ... 67 Gas, producer, for power .... 22 7 Lining for engine cylind .... 191 Photograpb, hlst., Japan Sea '74 Shell, armor-piercing ...... '274 Tree growing within another. '367 Cylinders, motor, cooling .•.. 171 Gasoline electric train...... 431 Lock, time, Hollar's ..•...•..'325 Photographs, diffractive color'455 Sbell, rowing, land ...... •.*256 Tree growth, strange ....•• 151 Cylinders, wooden ...... 174 . .•..... Gasoline locomotives '412 Lock, wonderful, a ...... 326 Pbototegy ...... 275 Shield, fire, a...... 518 Trees, injection of . • ...... 440 Gatun dam ...... 206 Locomotive, Amer. , efficiency 430 Photometer, a centigrade.91, 191 Shingles, how made ...... ' 254 Triceratops, tbe ...•.•..•..'113 Gear, traveling, overhead. ..••.. Sh�p construction, experini. . 8 Trick, chemical ...... ••.'513 D Locomotive boiler explosion . *515 Photometer, mercury, a 327 *90, 171 Locomotive, comp., French ..*254 Physicians for railroads. ... 330 Ship subsidy bill ...... 166 Trophy, Herkimer, contest .• 494 Generator, hot air ...... *494 Locomotives, gasoline ...... *412 Plano making ...... '416 , '432 Sbips, globular ...... '368 Truck, four-wheel drive. ... 56 Dam, Assonan ...... 510 Generator, water-tube ..... *13 Plate mill, new type of . ..• 517 Ships, lubrication of .....91, 211 TrUCk, 16-18 horse-power ..•. '54 Dam construction, Panama .. 260 Locomotive performance, com- Gentian as cure for malaria 287 parison ...... 302 Pierce, in tbe tropby test. .. 511 Sbipbuilding in United States 86 'runnel, Behring Sea ....282, 367 Dam for Lake Erie ...... 127 Genziomcrlna ...... 287 ...• Shipping bill in a nutshell.. 226 Tunnel construction, French .. 186 Dam, Gatun ...... 206 Locomotives, electric ...... '365 Pigeons, carrier, price of 215 GlaCiers, study of ...... '534 Locomotives, new valve on ..*275 Pigeons, carrier, orientat. .. 531 Shock-absorbers, auto...... *40 Tunnel, East River, defects. 450 Dam, bigb, Salt River ...... 274 Glass, fusion of, electric. ... 146 Locomotives. single-phase .;. 4 Piles, concrete .....•.... •• 460 Shops, a tour of tbe ...... 127 Tunnel, English Channel. .. 322 Darwin, Prof. Geo. H ..•...•*36 3 Glass manufact. elect. fnr- Long Island City power sta ..'345 Pipe galleries in subway. ... 66 Siberia, traffic with .•..... 477 Tunnel proposals, two . . .. 226 Date finder, mental ...... 495 nace ...... 67 Long Island R. R. transmis- Pipe, steam, covering a ....•.*494 Signaling apparatus, army .. 283 Tunnel, rapid transit...... 430 Deck calking tooL ...... '304 Glidden trophy tour ...... 307 sion ...... ·478 Pipes, gas, paper ....••.... 435 Signaling apparatus, fog ....'452 Tnnnel, St. Clair, electrifying 146 Depot, coal, floating ...... *68 ...... •..... Gliding machine '291 Lubricating ships' bottoms. .. 9 Pipes, meerschaum ...... *348 Signs, danger, auto ...... *36 Tunnel, Simplon ...... 130 Development, photo. , proc. .. 275 Globe, lamp, novel •..•.•..'480 Lye, concentrated ...•••••.• 215 Pipes, wrougbt iron ...... 211 Sliver, German ...... 169 Tunnel under the Seine ....'1 49 Dinosaurs, carnivorous ...... *113 .•.•..••.. Globe, life saving '368 Plant bybridization ...... 5 Simplon railway, traction on*290 Turbine blades ...... 75 Disaster, courage in ...... 362 •....•.... Glue for linoleum 389 Plants, crossing of ...... 5 Simpion tunnel open ...... 130 Turbine for locomotives .... 5 "Discovery," voyage of .•... 107 Gold bearing pyrites .•...... 215 M Plate mill, patent ...... 312 Sixty miles an hour on water. 187 Turbine. Parsons ...... *1 28 Diseases of wild animals. ... 350 Gold, distillation •..•.•..... 186 PIa ting on paper ...... 210 Ska.te, motor ...... •..*129 Turbine, steam, designing .. 22 Disease, prevention of ...... 382 Golf club head ...... '96 ".Macomb," snagboat •...•.*478 Polar alrsbip expedition ...• 514 Skates, roller, motor .•.....*306 Turbine, steam, economy, Dish washing, electric ...•..•'349 Grand Prix for automobiles. 511 Mall catcher, railway ...... '304 Pole, nortb, in airship .... 270 Skin friction of sbips ..... 171 226, 302 Dock, the bighest ...... 150 ...•.•••.. Grapbite, artificial 66 Malaria, gentian for...... 287 Polypeptide ...... 250 Sled, bicycle, motor ...... •'5 00 Turbine torpedo. new ...... *7 Door check, simple ...... '13 Groynes, chain cable ••..... 146 Manhattan bridge ...... •.. 246 Postal rates, foreign, lower .. Sleigh, motor ...... *269 Turpentine, manufacture of . 431 Doremus, Prof. R. 0. , death Guide rails for subway..... 246 455 Manbattan bridge delay ..... 126 Potato-paring macbine .....'350 Smell In animals ...... •.•'371 "Two-gallon" auto contest . 347 of ...... 270 Gun attacbment ...... '96 Mantle, self-igniting ...... 366 Power production, future of. 91 e l. Typesetting machine, new. . '73 Drafting Instrument .•...... '372 Gun, automatic. McLean..... 9 Marine, merchant, the...... 86 Power station, floating..... 300 �::'ai b:"�� , �oufh'er� : :::::: '4�� Drawbridge, Broadway, re- •.. GUD, Vickers-Maxim, new *440 .....•.... SnailS, sense of smell in.309, '371 plac ...... *539 Meat preservation 450 Power station, Penn. Rail- Guns. bigb velocity...... 362 Meat press, band ...... *420 Snakes,- feeding of ...... *196 u "Dreadnought," armament of 515 Guns of the "Dreadnought" . 515 road ...... '285, '345 Meer�cbaum pipes ...... '348 Power transmiss. Long lsI. Snoring, prevention of ...... 76 "Dreadnought, " the ...16 6 *208 •... Gyroscope, marine, in use *90 Messages, wireless, directed. 430 Snow sculptures ...... *42 Drop, whistling vibration .. 363 RR ...... ·478 Umbrella sheds ...•••.. . . .• 500 : Messages, wireless, directing'110 ..•.. SOil, enriching with nitrogen 520 Drydock, Cavite ...•.....•... 10 Press, meat, multiple *420 -...... ••..•• 0 Soldiers, monntaineer, Italy.·111 Dryptosaurs ...... '113 ' H Metal, expanded '384 Pressures, eJrect on body ... 51 Metals, action on iron...... 23 for the blind ...... 493 Sole for shoes ...... '76 Dust, atmospheric .•..••....'108 Printing v Metals, ductile, tempered .•.*500 Profile tracer ...... '308 Sorotchte, cause of ...... 5 Dust, decom[losltlon of ....•.. 287 Hair-drying machine ..•••.•.'349 Metals, slow distillation .... 147 PrOjectiles, speed loss of ..*19 0 Sounding apparatus, new ....*308 Dynamometer, simple • ...... '1 55 .•...... Hair, thickness of 5 Metals, precious, extract. of 520 South Pole, to tbe, by auto. 227 V'acuum apparatus, unique . 451 Halley's comet. return of ... 474 Propeller design ...... 8 Meteorological summary ..34, 127 Propulsion of waterways .... 9 Spark coil construction ...... '194 Valentines, manufacture of. *152 Hammock support ....••••.. '13 Valve, exhaust, locomotive . *292 E 211, 306, 387, 474 Pulse. eartb's, feeling ...... '344 Speed trials, auto, Florida ..'11 5 Handbold, electric ..•...•••• ·96 Speed, trial and sea ...... 362 Valve, tbe Walschaert .....'275 Handle for guns ...... '96 Metric system, the .....66, 454 Pump, centrifugal, patent .. 272 Mica, Canadian ...... •.... 347 '236 Speedster, a ligbt ...... '26 Vanderbilt cup race, play .. 170 Earthquake and car tracks;.'473 Hand saw; portable ...... *256 Pump for driven wells . ... �'Michigan," construction of. 266 Pump piston rods, moving. ..'518 Sphere, magiC, the ...... *493 Vaults, armor plate ...... '325 Eartbquake at Mr. -Burbank's 435 Headlight, trolley car ..••.. 519 Spiders, maternal love ...... 327 Vebicle, rowing, land ...... '256 Eartbquake at Napa ...... 474 Heat, non-condnctors of .... 499 Microbes ...... 67 Purse, book ...... •...... *372 Microphone transmitter .... 215 Pyrometer, thermo-electric' .•.'415 Spiders, long fasts of ...... 89 Vehicles, commercial. ....55, 236 Earthquake, eJrects of ...... '418 Heavens In February...... 87 Sponge mattress industry .... 107 Veneer cores, utilization .... 415 Earthquake, loss to science Heavens in Marcb ...... 187 Milk, act. mineral snbst. on 136 Pyrites containing gold. ... 215 Milk, dried, new process ...•*4.02 Sponges, vegetable ...... 350 Ventilation, subway ...... 342 by ...... 387 Heavens in April ...... '267 Milk preserver, water as ... 173 Spontaneous combustion .... 435 Ventilator. window ...... '76 Earthqnake observations .....'418 Heavens in May ...... *343 Mine dust explosion ....•• 480 Spraying liquid, sanitary ... 134 Ventnor Beach, race, auto . 367 Earthquake proof construct .. 342 Heavens in June ...... •..*451 Sprinkling pot, automatic. .. '8 Vesuvius ...... '330 Earthquake recorders, Europ- Heavens in July ...... '531 Mines, detonat. by sound ....'170 Mines, immun. from earth- Spring, coiled, problem..... 71 Vessels, British, old, sale of 492 ean ...... '498 Helicoptere ...... *12 9 quakes ...... Qnart measnre In pint pot . 266 Stage ligbting, metbod of ... 414 Vessels, sunh:en, marking ...*25 6 Earthquake, San Francisco, Hplicopter, Leger's ...... *253 535 Stairway. concrete ...... *394 347, *392, 471, 474 Heliotropism, animal and Mining locomotIve, a ...... *412 Quartz apparatus ...... 170 Mint, old, discovery of . .... 304 Quito arc, determination. ... *6 Stairway, traveling ...... 90 Earthquake, some features of pisnt ...... 207 Mixing machines, concrete. *388 Stars, morning and evening. *230 w tbe ...... 383 Hill climbing tests, auto .... 454 Stars, wby they seem rayed. 471 Earthquakes ...... '34 4 Horn, auto, Gabriel ...... *36 Molecules, size of ..••....'15 0 Money of savages...... 42 R Starting device, auto...... 170 Earthquakes and dam con- Hosiery, seamless ...... ••. 519 Monuments, cemetery, earth- Station, Pennsylvania RR., Wall. retaining, concrete ..'3 94 struc...... 266, 367 Hospitals, electricity in . .... *44 ...... •... quake proof ...... 535 *438, '453 Wall, training a '176 Earthquakes and steel con- House painting, develop. . . .. 293 ..•.•..... Mosquitoes and yellow fever 9 Race, anto, Cuban ...... 170 Steam jacketing Investiga- War automobiles '228 struct...... 454 Hudson memorial bridge .....*366 ...••... Mosquito extermination .... 323 Race, Vanderbilt cup .....• 367 tions ...... 491 Warning, a timely 246 Earthquakes, miner's tbeory 475 Humidity, regulation of ....'512 Steam, superheated for rall- Waste product, a ...... 415 Easter, date of ...... 271 Hybridization of plants...... 5 Moss, Iceland, edible...... 412 Races, auto, Ormond ...... *13 3 Races for small boats ...... 490 ways ...... 410 Watcb dials, novelty in ....'15 5 EClipse, solar, 1905 ...... 'lM HydrauliC plant, Lucerne. ... 154 Moth and tbe flame ...... 207 Racer, Christie, new, the ..*472 Steamsbip, largest ...... •..*49 6 Water as milk preservative 73 Eclipses, solar, artiflclal .... 415 Hydrodynamics, bypothesls. .. 127 Motive force, human ...... 211 Radinm emanations ...•.... 303 Steamships, big. of tbe world 270 Water, colo� of ...... 190 Edison, automobile trip of ...*460 Hydrogen gas process...... 5 Motive power, superintend- ...... 8 Radium, heat evolution ... 166 Steamships, turbine ...... 167 Water famine in New York ? 106 Edison works, the ...... 292 ..•..... ents Hydrogen, generator '130 Steel plates, engraving ..•..*412 Water-feed regulator ...... '420 Eels and .electric light ...... 282 Hydrogen, generating, pro- Motogodille, tbe ...... '18 9 Radium, lead a form of . ... 226 Motor boats, hydroplanes of 211 Rail joint, improved ...... '15 6 Steel, tempering of ....•... 228 Water. mercurial, formula .. 151 Egg, poison of an ...... 8 cess ...... 431 Steels, aluminium ...... 327 Water pwer at bigh pressure 4 Eggs, Easter, making ...... '308 Motor boats, speed of ...•.. 187 Rail, third, effect of snow. 302 Hydroplane boats ...... '18 8 Steels from scrap ...... • 66 Water, spring. radio-activity 271 Eggs, poisonous effects ...... 114 Hydroplane, tbeory of ...... '287 Motor car statistics ...... 363 Railroad, great, electro equip. 322 Railroad, Pennsylv., exten- Stellar universe in miniat .. 367 Water, sterilization ...... '456 Eggs, some costly .....••••. 67 Hydroplanes for motor boats . 211 Motor car, Union Pacific.... '472 sion ...... ·285 Sterilizing apparatus, water. *456 Water supply, N. Y ....12 6, '250 Electrical notes ...... 94 ..•....•••. Motor for bammocks ...... 480 Hydrosaurus, the '113 Stockings, seamless •...... • 519 Water supply legislation .... 246 M9tor, Frayer-Miller ••..•• *28 Railroad speeds ... . . • . . . .. 151 Electrical plant, the largest . 211 Stone blotting pads ...... 454 Water tanks on buildings ... 495 Electric device, prize for. ... 127 MotQr, Knox ...... '29 Railroad, Tehuantepec ..... 410 ]\fotor, marine, �wo-cycle ...*19 2 Railroad travel, speed In ... 146 Stone chime, Chinese ...... 91 Watering pot. automatic. ... 'S Electric discharges, high pot. '92 I Stone, philosopher's, modern� 283 Waterspout\ in France, a .... 107 Electric machine, Franklin's.*351 Motor, polyphase, construc- Railroads, safety on ...... 71 Stool, milking .....•...... •*519 Wheat, strengtb of ...... 324 Electric power at Niagara ...'248 Ice automobile ...... '17 4 tion...... ' 370 Railway, cable, gravity ....'16 9 Storage cel!, Edison . • . . .• ·94 Wbeel blocking device, auto . '156 Electric road, Jungfrau...... 94 Ignition battery, Witherb. ee. 57 Motor skate, the •..•••.•..'129 Railway construction, Ger- Motor sleigh ...... '269 many ...... 42 Stoves, air box for ...... *2G6 Wbeel clutch ...... '38 Electricity as anaesthetic ... 227 U s Wbeels, spring, new ...... '37 Electricity for canals ...... 411 HW: ��� ? ��� �� � : Mlltor, surf ...... ·480 RailwalY, Murren ...... :. 287 Streets, sea water for ...... 175 e b f : Strontium, tbe metal ...... 227 Windage, power absorbed by 235 Electricity in bospltals...... '44 IllUSion,! optical, apparatus: : : ::: ..*493 ;� Monntaln sickness ....•.... 5 Railway service. Italian.... 267 Subway extension, Broadway 254 Window of tbe sea, tbrough. '458 Electricity, novel use of. .... 349 Indicator, engine ...... •.•.. 307 Mountaineers, soldier, Italy . '111 Railway, Simplon, traction .'290 Subway, heat of ...... 131 Window screen ...... *236 Electro-technical industries. .. 66 ...... •. Mu um of Nat. Hist., Railways in India ...... 32� Indicator, road, auto 420 2 Wireless litigation ...... 287 Electrons, atoms and ions ... 266 ...Brussels .•.....•..•••.••'23 4 Rang-e finder, Br!t!sh, new. 190 Subway ventilation ...... 34 Ingalls building, the ...... '394 Sun, beat of, utilizing ...... 520 Wood and concrete construct. 455 Engine, auto, as a brake .... 170 Ingot, steel, large...... 234 Music, Cbinese .•..•.•..•.•. 91 Ratcbet device, Tbomas. ... 38 Sun, eclipse of 1905 ...... '15 3 Wood. artificial, from peat. 415 Engine; gas, efficiency...... 247 Inbalatorium, tbe ...... '17 5 Music, electrical ..••.•..••'2r,S Rays from radio-active elem. 303 ...• Wood, preservation of ...... 209 Engine, marine, "Speedway" .*192 MUSiC, opera, following. .... 286 Reader, an old, word from. 9 Sun, eclipses, artificial 414 Injection of trees ...... 440 Sun, temperat. of ...... 536 Work. standing and seated 350 Engine, motor boat ...... '19 3 Insulator pin ...... '519 Musk, odor of ...... 11 Receiver, wireless, electrolyt. '538 Wrench, chain . ..•.•...... •'256 g te Inventing, art of ...... "513 Rlecords. preservation of ... 434 Support. machine, elastic .. 194 ::���;i�� st e"l �lates : Invention, InO. on Industry .. 618 Recorders, earthquake ...... *498 Surgical Instruments, tem- : ::: pered ...... '500 Escalator patent deci.lon....:�: .!�� 90 Inventions, oddities in, RectUier. mercury arc ...... *1 48 N Surveying, simple method ....'495 y Euthytonon, Roman ...... *95 *96, '256, '519 Redwood in San Fran. fire. . 530 SWitcbes, heating .•.•.•••..'368 Evolution, experimental .... 167 Inventions, new ...... 540 Name, what's In a ••••••. 246 Redwood, fire resistance of. 475 Expedition, Arctic, Mikkel- Inventions, recently patent- Napa, earthquake at ...... 474 Reflector for camps ...... ·480 Yachts, small, ocean race . .. 490 sen's ...... 207 ed ...... 14 , 48, 77. 97, 116 Naval programme, British ... 491 Refraction determinations ... 107 Expedition, Sladen Trust .... 167 136, 156, 176, 198, 216, 237 Nav!gation, aerial, military . 322 Refrigerating plant ...... *114 T Expedition, Wellman ...... 514 257, 274, 293, 313, 332, 352 NaVIgation, aerial, Wright's. 307 Refuse destructor, N e·w z Explorations ...... 167 373, 398, 421, 441, 461 , 481 Navy, Japanese ...... 470 york's ...... 303 Tanks, water, on buildings . 495 f c n . 459 Eyes of animals, tbe ...... 168 WI, 520, 540 Navy, Russian, rebuilding .. 410 I Regulator, water-feed •••••" 420 Tar, manu a t re of ...... 431 Zapon ...... JUKE 30, I906. Scientific American ------� ..------

HuulJel' packillg, gaskets, disks, rings, and wash<'l's, A. H. Ji:'llkins...... 54 ,Utll, 54,209 !-tugs. Hartfol'Ll CUl'lJet Corporation ...•...•.• .G4,lOrl ;:;11!t. Cl'ystalllH' �alt Co .....•...... •.•.• G4. 199 flalt, P. ,J, L. Nearing' , ...... •.... G4,212 :Saly<', eye, E. E. ::3utll('l'lami .:\l pdieinc Co .• 54,07� Silver's Bana Saws Saucl', vpgdablf', F. F. l'lank...... 54,170 20=io Foot or Belt Power Saw :-ids, j('intl'l's) r- Savannah KIver. which intersects the said tract, con­ I "..MF G. CO�. �m-l Clint on Ht., Milwau kee, Wis. ipnt milH-' ral, fJ. J. Thatcher ...... 54, 122 taining about 12,75B acres in Sout,h CarOlina, and about iU�" �· Il.� '\VhiRky, Big-hie Dros. & Co ..•...... 54,032 2.364 acres in Georgia. 'l'his property IS commonly known .l:h lwo d. and was owned by tbe late James & EXPERIMENTAL WORK. "Th lsky, J. F. Siilllott ....•..•...... 5.4 ,049 as l o Edward Calhoun. is now the property of his heirs, inventions developed. Special Machinery. "Thisky, \Vpidernan Co ...... 54,068 It MODELS and is sold for the purpose settling the estate. E . V_ BAlllARD. Fr nkfort Street. New York. Whisky, P . .T. Bmvlin Liquor Co ...... 54, 1 17 (;f 24- a On this property is located the celebrated Calhoun AcknowlA Maedgedil Order by shrewd Business. bUSiness men 'Vhisk,v, 'r ucker & :\IcCormick ...... 54,12:3 Fal ls, otherwise known as fJ.'rotter's �boals, which is Manufacturers one pleasant and profitable l\[eGlinn...... ••••.....•...... 54,14R Expert of the most Whisky, J. probably the largest undeveloped water-power In that business In the ,\Vhisk,\', .•.••••...... 54.144 Fine Jobbing \Vork World. Htop working for ot hers-big l\I('�'pr Marx Co section. RUBBER .....•.•.• 54,14[) proflts�moneyStart comes with orders-our plan for starting "T hisky, Morrin-Powers :\Icrc.· Co The tract embraces land on both sides of the river PARKER. STEARNS & CO., 228.229 South Street. New York winner .•••••••.•.... 54, 152 beginners is a sure and offers yOU !l chance to \Vhisky, ""ilmerding-Loe,ye Co for a space ot about two mdes. affording- the best sites get in business for yourself. Full particulars stamp. .•...... for vVhiRky, JosselRon Bros. & Co 54, 170 for mills and other industrial enterprises. OLD GOLD, SILVER AND T A. FRANKLIN-HOWARD CO., Mo. .•.•...... 54. 19:3 (If i PLATINU11 BOUGH City, "T hisky, Kamp Distilling Co '�he other portions the tract conS st of fine ara!Jle Kansas Ship to us pnd we will l'emit cash immediately. ""hisk.v, 'V. Lanahan & Son ...•.....•.•.• 54,19r, lands suitable for , planting of all km<1s, and contaIns 250 at the ASHl1 MonadDock HI., Chicago, 111. and fine instrum nt immediately MAYlTLe:: � $rEEL STA'I'!IP5, LETTERS II< F'IGURE S Two minutes from D. L. W. Depot Acres Original Timber Lands, Oconee � , 6;),000 f� '6 R:ID'G E.,Ii' OR'T CONN. LABELS (�ounty, South Carolina.

"Constellation," for cigars, Schmidt & Co .• 12,937 At the same time and place will be offered for sale, Watch Making and Engraving School "DarlJ Nit, " for hosier�' , toe eaps or shields All the right. title and interest of the estate of James We teach the trade th()rou�hly in three to .six months. tllPl'f'fol', \Vilmal'tIl & Boynton .....•.... 12,H4:3 Edward Calhoun and of each and. every of the heirs You can earn muney while learning. PositIOns guaran­ "Diamond H.eLl,·' for paint, Diamond H.ed thereof in and to All that land situated in the County of teed to graduates. Terms most reasonable. Paint Co ...... •. 12,945 tract of Kansas City Polytechnic Institute Oconee. �tate of South Carolina, on the south side of "Rl (;pnio, " for cigars, .l\lenendez Bros. & lWlGrand A venue, Kansas City, the Cnattooga River, butting and bounding to the Missouri V ('rplull�k ...•..••..••...... 12 ,938 nort,h on Chattooga River to tbe east on lands now or "Flag H.oek," for ginger ale, Clifton Forge late of Rev. J. 'Vest. south on Jand8 now or late of O. Bottling Works ...... 12,939 e .J ones and others. Norton and others. and to th west & GrinderR, Gir. &; ad1Jice!ree. Wm. Gardam Son. 45-51 se St,N.Y "Pocket Knife Blade and Finish- on land of Davis and others to a pOInt on Chat­ & Ro PI'S W. R. Union Labl'l, " for pockt,t knives, F. tooga River near w here BattIe Cre k enters into the Experimental Model Work 9 e A. DidRbury ...... 12, 44 said ri vel', measuring and containing in all tne SUfilof teach It thoroughly In many months as it 65,001) We as Senator G . ... be the same more f r rly ars. " AmlI'PHS, " for whi8k�T, lndreas acres, or less. o me took ye Does away with tedious appren­ LEARN WATCHMAKING & Co...... 12,940 rr his tract of land is reported to be heavily wooded ticesh ip. Money earrled while studying. Positions se· "1'he Kookizer, " for a firpleRs COOkl'l' and icpr with virgin forests, and cOlltaining timber of all kinds. e )\0 wi St. LouiM, Mo. eomhined, 1\I. L. Pnlmer .... , ...... 12,fJ42 bid ll be received toJ' the property above dp­ �¥. �o �EJt�'\��F�ill��111�b: scribed for Ipss than $10.U(;0. n<;r from ally person C8��\'if(.L, "U_"Tant_It," for lmtt{'r, B. D. Catlin ...... 12,941 unless at the time of making sucb bid he shaH deposit with tl;e $1.00U auctioneer the sum of either in cash or certified check OIl some respunsible bank. such check to be im­ PRINTS. medmtely returned at the cloiSe of the anction to any unsuccessful bidder, but the check of the i"uccessful "A StlfP Sign of Good Eating,' for a food bidder to be applied as payment on account of tile pur­ pl'Plllnatioll, CreaIll of "'h0Ut CO •••••• 1 ,703 chase price. "Burk'8 BlitiPt'llut BOIl('h'ss Breakfast Bacon, " '1"ERll'lS OF SA L ".-Cash within thirty day s after ...... 1,700 for haeOlI. L. Rurk date of sale, with the option to the purchaser to pay "Cr('llm of \V hf'ut for Hot \Y{'ather, " for a one-third cash and the balance in one and two years, food IH'PlJaratioll , Crpam of \Vheat Co .• 1,701 deferrf'd payments to be secured by the bond of the "Huppy llispositiollS," for a food vrevaration, purchaser bearing interest at the rate of 7 per cent. per 1,705 n g o t r Crp nlll of \YIW1Jt Co ..... t t� ga f�fI t�� s �a :b fe r�l�o'1r. piJt�eri�: "u>mp I'� xtra Palf', " [0]' lH't'r, 'YIll .•T. Lemp �h���' terestecl referred to t � decree hereins��. for RI'l'wing Co ...... 1,706 are he further particulars and for a more sl)er-ific description of the MARKS "Thp .Toy .:\[akel', for a food vrppuration, TRADE " property herein ordered to be sold. Cr0(lUl of \\'lwai Co ...... 1,704 DESIGNS SMYTHE. LE�l S. C. "Top of th (;:' ':\IOl'llillg', " for :1 food pl'{'llara- & �'ROST, Charleston, &C. tion, • COPYRIGHTS Cre:llrl of "' heat ('0 •••..••••••••••• J ,702 e pti n may Anyone sending a d scr o Rh:et<;b ,and i "".(' ('UlI't Improyl' OUI' Roa!) Ol' l1 0x EitlH'l ," eertain 011f oplIllon free whether. an ' Afvertisers who bave handled mining- machinery quicltly as fot' ....••...•.... 1,707 l ll Roap hol 1IIIi dpr�, C. fhv('lls ;�;���llillil invention is probably patentable. Commumca­ speCialties with great SUCCCHS and pOHsess exceptional ---- l tions strictly confidential. HANDBOOK on Patents -- -"---" facihtie"l are opell to consider sole agency for patented free. Oldest agency for seCUring_patents. invelltions (,f real merit to push the sale outside the " /". sent . • Patents taken through MunIl & Co. relJelve A U. :-:. A. n businc8s of first-class character wi l l be .� <.. US printc(l copy of tht' s!wdfieation ano· drawiI:r.� O ly ' M aglCa I A pparat special notice, without charge, in the ill the! [Ol'pgoillg' any conSidered. ll eply in first instance, giving full est par- , -.. Grand Book Catalogue. O e �'OO of any paL('llt list, or pa f'llf, v r engraVIngs t care J. W. [) a8 I.Jane, in print sinet' 1HU:-�, \\ f m .z., Vickers, Nichol \ n jsslH'd ill b e furnishpd ro E6!���;i,tft.% Q· 25c. Parlor 'rricks Catalogue. free. this o1ticc for 10 ('eIlts, pl'ovid0d thE> name aHa . MARf�I.NKA & CO Mfrs 4gS Sixth Ave N e Y k r J:� r� t d S l'd n b cir­ �;�� C t A bandsomely illustrated weekly. I.arg-est � d & l; 3 f t,;'d �� eN $3 a . 6 �O wa ; C culation of any scientifiCJlm journal4¢.·i Term�an.s, ��� ������ !Pt!!:n��P�. NEW�PA ths,fi� $1. � Sti¢ntion . ' T�W y : m So1d by all newsdealers. ��7i� io a ���*�; MA Hi'p_ �OYST ear four CanadIan SON S patents llla:y no\"� be o a l d by th In- lVi g .outrIgger . bt�l� (l . (' ciiagrams showing the usual m ethOllof Illustrating el cc. I for hmsts. � aster than)�,]evators, an d b01SU o fo�' any VPlltOI'S of thp IlIventIons narrwd III th? toI'P� rimLl a pparatus A dIrect from teaIll8. �aves expense. Br adway, t ill orawingfl. labor 8aving paper. hanulmg at le-s going lIst. For tI:' r�� and further parhrular� Contai S[JPPLEMK.'I'l' 1106. 10 lllanfd. MuNN �� CO.361 New YorkC. ned in Price ccnts. I by \V•• HASOL\' & (10", InCt OIDce. 626J' St� Washington. D. . ':T OLNE1' BrlhDch address MUDn & Co , 3tH Broadway, New York. I Munn & Co. and all rew8d I> ro"\-'idence, For sale by ealers. J U. 1., L. 8. A. Scientific American JUNE 30, 1906.

STEA M USERS

You can' t argue a Maxwell owner OIds Oas Engines and Pintsch Thet] Car of Contentment out of his conviction that the Maxwell Suction Gas Producers are built in aainbow Packing is the "car for him. " He has a the same plant-engines to h. p. 2 1,600 proven fact and a practical demonstra­ The original and only genuine -producers 4 to 2,000 h. p. tion for every theory or fad that you red sheet packing. We knOw each complete plant (pro. may present. " Performance," he The only effective and most ducer and engine) will run right before says, is a whole lot better than it leaves the factory, perfectly aClapted " promise. " He is contented because economical flange packing in ex­ to the coals you will use-operating he can' t see how a car could give istence. costs are 1·3 to 1·5 of steam, 1-2 of more satisfaction than the Maxwell. Can' t blow Rainbow out. gasoline-adapted all kinds of work. to Multiple Dzsc Clutch. Three-pomt Suspension of For steam, air, hot or cold Motor and Transmission (Um". . Send for detailed information ,applied . URE' MOULDED AND Metal Bodies. No Noise. No V,bratton. water, acid and ammonia joints. MANUFACT to your requirements. 'SPECIAL RUBBER EVERY There i,8 a book called ,. Facts Bnd Te�tllDonii" IE GOODS OF e d e u Beware of imitations. DESCRIPTION, AND CAN FURNISH ;v he �� :� fo :;a::ta� OLDS GAS POWER. CO. lo��gue.'!!tf !!�8Write !�� Department �: :: � � 22.:�� '!. ! ANY SPECIAL RUBBER ARTICLE Look for the trade mark-the 947 Chestnut St., 4nsing, Mich. 20 H. P. Touring Car 10 H, P. Tourabout word Rainbow in a diamond in TO YOUR SATISFACTION,' Formerly Oids Gasoline Engine Works $1,450 $780 MAXWELL �BR1SCOE MOTO R CO. black, three rows of which extend Members Amerlc� Mo�r Car �laDufscturers' Association FACTORIES : the full len!Z1:h of each roll. Main ·Plaut . TARRYTOWN, N. Y. ����\\tLTIN�& CHICAGO. ILL. PAWTUCKET, R. I. Manufactured exclusively by 91-93 CHAMBERS STREEl BRA'NCHJI:' : Maxwell.Briscoe, Inc., New York, N. Y.; Max­ well-Brisc'oe-Chsse Co , Chic�o, Fisher Automobile Co .. In­ PEER.LESS R.UBBER. MFG. CO. ,N EWi ,YORK. dianapolls, nd. j Morrison Tyler MotorIll. ; Co., Boston, Mass. ; Max­ well-Briscoe-McLeodI Co., Detroi�M ich. j Maxwell Garage rook- 16 Warren St., New York �n �d.�� �e! ¥:�ll ci�.& n, Los Angeles, Cal. ; �chard

Stationaries, Portables, HOisters P"fT'P· CHARers. Sawing and Boat TEOntfits. CombllRled· with 1)yoamo8o Gasoline, Gas. Kerosene. Sema for Catalog"". State Power N""d8. CHARTER GAS ENGINE CO., Box 148, STERLING, I LL. The Greatest Pulverizing Machine in the World Used Wherever Portland Ceme,nt is Made

WM. H. BRISTOL OVER SO . PER CENT. OF' THE PORTLAND CEMENT MANUFACTURED IN THe Electric Pyrometers UNIT�D STATES TO·DA Y IS GROU�D IN THE GRIFFIN MILL. Portable and Switchboard Forms. �!.ai���;ge=e.F.G�i��r:!d At� gIve satisfaction . Send for circulars. The Griffin Mill pulverizes more cement than the combined output WM . H. BRISTOL. 46 Vesey St., N. Y. of all other machines used for this purpose. Thoroughly tested by continually successful and constantly increas­ ing use · during the past sixteen years. Portland Cement Clinker reduced u-om � inch to required fineness Bausch in One operation, With no auxiliary apparatus. No other machine made · witt' do this. & Lornb Buy the GRIFFIN MILL and get the BEST. It holds. the world Microscopes record from. · every standpoint. Send for Catalogue · and fnll information. This magnificent complete C. A. 8 instrnment, $100. Bradley Pulverizer Company, 92 State St., Boston Others for all kinds of \1ses at corre· sponding prices. Catalog Free Bausch & Lomb " Economo" Emery Wheel Dresser I!iOlze 12 in Made of an abrn- Optical Co. _ "Wii_ EconoIno hCombina.tlon" D:relll�e1· ROCHBSTBR, N. Y. BORATED TALCUM- J�.\ �'1�he::d MEN NEN'S as the Bisek Uillmond. wm true 01' shape,any TOILET 0(1 wheel except the very BRISTOL'S � hardand carbonlndum. Ak '. "Cbmbina',,,, " j, 01 � The RECORDING INSTRUMENTS. � the l' 0 ugh i II g tool Volt.. POWDER Pressure Gauges, Vacuum Gauges. Giiiiil� iiiiiiiii QU'lJ»,fi;flS-iilililliii� placed in the handle meters, Amperemeters, Wattmeters, and After Shaving. end of ·'Economo." Send for clicutar. Dresser sent on 15 days' trial. Thermometers, make continuous records laslst bar tn atynur her use Mennen's IN'fERNATlO.NAL SPECliLTY CO., 860 lIo1deIJ. Ave., Detroit, Miell. Day and NI.{Jht. Will pay for themselves. Toilet Powdc::r aUer he sha.. es ) (J U. Every Instrnment fully guaranteed and ItIs ADtiseptic, and will prel'entany sent on 30 days' trial. ar Send tor Cata- ofthe skin diseasesoften contracted. 109 T and Spocimen Chart. A positive relieHor Prick),.Heat . Automatic Conn. (lhaftogand Sunburn , and all afflictionsof the skin. Removes The Bristol Comnany, Waterbnrv. all odor of perspiration. Get lIIennen's-the original. Sold GOLD MEDAL, !ST. LOUIS EXPOSITION. everywhere. or mailed�r 2S cents. Sample fr ee. Water Supply SAVES TIME Most eeonomlcsl, reliable lind efli· SAVES WATER GERUA-RD MElYlWElW CO. , Newark, N. S. Clellt. If you have running water g en SAVES VARNISH ��:t ���· ��h f��:� SAVES YOVR HANDS from spring, brook, ;;:11or river, ���;in�b1; deliv­ A MON t: Y MAKER ered to any distance. Write for A mechanical hand. holding the sponge firmly:in DIRECT FROM MI NES Hollow Concrete buildinll Blocks catalogue. its grasp. The washer's hands keep dry . CRUDE ASBESTOS Best. Fastest. Simplest. Cheapest Standardized to screw on any ordinary bose and _ Machine. Fully guaranteed. t. iagara Engine PREPARE.D > Hydraulic Co can be used with any carrIage sponge. R. H. MARTIN, THE PETT YJ OHN CO. 140 N u st., N. Y. ASBESTOS FIBRE O FFICE , ST. PAUL BUILDING ...... No splash Ing and slopping with tbe �rdrey; 61; N. 6th Stre"t. Terre Hante. in!!. for Manufactl'rers use won't send a drop of water in any direction but 220 B'way, New York. where wanted. Keeps tbe sponge clean and free I Marine from varnish scratching grit. Saves 60% in wa'er and 75% in labor. E.ngines Besides bemg a perfect vehicle washer. it is In­ But when it comes to a· Drill, It's Skillfully designed and well valuable as a lawn or garden sprinkler pr for wash-­ STORAOB BATTERY safer to think of the name buIlt. StngJe lever control, com­ VOUR iog windows. etc. Goodell- Pratt. biniUg automatic carburettor u d Give the A a trial and you will appreciate l :�t���:'J ���':n��{:� y special vise tS farDlshed with tbls rdrey �i �i�::!t� A :C::� r�����'d its value. Won't cost you a cent if it doesn't o Bench Drill. The jaws open two �r.Pl:atBo�t!�7t!!� B�f!�rl: :f :lunder most trying conditioDr�Jr:�fRf;S. prove all we say Jt is. " Auto" owners are using it success_ inches and operate on a right- Sizes ato60 h. p. Ser.d for catalog. fully. Write for fu1l 1nformation to-day. band and a lett-band screw. Price $3 00 ,In Solid Brass) List price. $10.00. Wrtte for CHAS. J. JAGER CO. Securely packed in box and sent prepaid to any part The Co. . . disconnts. Ca alouuo J'I'oo. �:lt ��fa i���'��:�:�JltJ!�: � t 281 Franklin, cor. Batterymarch St., of the U. '5. and Canada on receipt of price. COMPANY, Greenfield, Mass. Boston, Mass. Your Money Back If Vou Want It Booklet showing you its merits FREE ARORBY V EI1ICLB WASHER CO. 131 K Main St., B. Rochester, N. Y.

Produces a pure wblte, powerful steady Iigbt, ls absolutely safe, and brigbter tban eleetrieity or a .. tylen�beaper tbaa ...... kerosene. NO OR,EASB, DIRT, SMOKB OR, ODOR,. Makes aall .... barns its own gas. Made in over 100 different styles. Every lamp warranled. Write f.r catalol' Agents Wanted. THE BEST LIGHT CO.. 87 E. 6th St., Canton, O. . -( .13J¥u� , ••: : : CO ---MBINATION - SOREW ®:DRIVER "A Convenient Draughting InstruIllent " • Complet� with three screw driver tips and th�ee _brad $1.50 • Send tor particulars. Catalogue No. 17 B of FIDe Tools3.wl�, free. Under tre abOVe heading the ScieflhjUl Am61t.atl, page 372, May 5,1906, says' !• :� THE L. S. STAR RETT CO. Athol, Ma •••• U S.A •• ,tV'K'I N ,. The convenience of • ...... TAPES AND R.ULES Ready Draug�ting ...... ARE THE BEST. fer Thework away from the regular drawing table wtll Insbe apparenttrumen to all draftll­t For sale evervwhere. Send tor men, as it does away with the inconvenience of {'arrymg around a lot ?f bulky Instruments ,. Unsolicited, this high authotit.\' sayR, much mOlre, but If Catalog No. 16. d e e t u t n LVFKIN RVLE CO. .��:��� i�:iD ;�!cfh ��o� �; O�t�:� :r, :;:�a1a� r Yo� � ��::y �k �l Sag i naw. Mich .. U. S. A. you are at all dissatis"fitla. New York a.ndLondon. Ready Mfg. (..lo., 6ut Livingston Bldg •• Rochester. N.Y. IIJ.Jm!16 to 81 South!�!�ft}r.il ()Uutuu Street.