DOCSLIB.ORG

Greene Et Al. 2014.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Greene Et Al. 2014.Pdf 154 Notornis, 2014, Vol. 61: 154-161 0029-4470 © The Ornithological Society of New Zealand Inc. Assessing minimum population size of Kermadec parakeets (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae cyanurus) on Macauley Island, Kermadec Islands TERRY C. GREENE* IAN M. WESTBROOKE DEREK BROWN PETER J. DILKS Science and Technical, Department of Conservation, Private Bag 4715, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand JOHN W. BARKLA Department of Conservation, PO Box 5244, Dunedin 9058, New Zealand RICHARD GRIFFITHS Department of Conservation, PO Box 32026, Devonport 0744, New Zealand Abstract The minimum population size of Kermadec parakeets (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae cyanurus) is reported for Macauley Island in the southern Kermadec Islands group. To minimise population impacts of any accidental parakeet deaths the confirmed presence of a minimum population of 3,000 parakeets was required prior to the attempted eradication of Pacific rats (Rattus exulans) from Macauley Island. Eight pre-defined vegetation strata were identified and 4 count methods ranging from simple counts to distance sampling were assigned to each strata depending on sampling conditions. As the resultant point estimate of 3,484 parakeets during the 29 June to 1 July 2006 survey period was greater than the minimum threshold the rat eradication was able to proceed. The potential impacts of changes in the vegetation on the population dynamics of Kermadec parakeets and recommendations for future monitoring of this species on Macauley Island are discussed. Greene, T.C.; Westbrooke, I.M; Brown, D.; Dilks, P.J.; Barkla, J.W.; Griffiths, R. 2014. Assessing minimum population size of Kermadec parakeets (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae cyanurus) on Macauley Island, Kermadec Islands. Notornis 61 (3): 154-161. Keywords Kermadec Islands; parakeets; sampling design; abundance INTRODUCTION are young (< 2 million years) with consequent low The Kermadec Islands rise from the Kermadec sub- levels of floral and faunal endemism (Veitch et al. oceanic ridge midway between New Zealand and 2004). Tonga. They are comprised of a chain of widely The introduction of goats (Capra hircus), rats scattered active and extinct volcanic cones between (Rattus spp.) and cats (Felis catus) to the Kermadec latitudes 29°S and 32°S (Veitch et al. 2004; Greene et Islands over the previous 2 centuries has had a al. 2014). Only 6 islands exceed 5 ha in area and all profound detrimental impact on the birds of this isolated island archipelago (Veitch et al. 2004). Received 22 April 2014; accepted 31 August 2014 Following the successful removal of goats from *Correspondence: [email protected] Macauley Island by 1970 and from Raoul Island by Population size of Kermadec parakeets 155 Fig. 1. Location and significant geographic features of Mac- auley Island. 1985, the eradication of cats, Norway rats (Rattus Management Act 1991) to eradicate Pacific rats in norvegicus) and Pacific rats (Rattus exulans) from Raoul July 2006. Consent was granted subject to several Island and Pacific rats from Macauley Island was conditions (M. Ambrose, pers. comm.). The most scheduled for the winter months of 2002. However, significant of these in terms of risk to the project concerns about the risk posed to Kermadec parakeets was the requirement that a minimum population of (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae cyanurus) by aerially 3,000 parakeets be confirmed inhabiting Macauley spread rat-baits containing the second generation Island before rat eradication could proceed. At the anticoagulant brodifacoum (20 ppm) resulted in the time the Macauley Island population of Kermadec postponement of rat eradication on Macauley Island parakeets was the most significant in the Kermadec to allow time for a more formal risk assessment. group and this condition was therefore imposed to Accordingly, Macauley Island was visited for 4 minimise the long-term population impacts of any days in July 2002 where the risk of rat eradication mortality on this species. to the parakeets was assessed and determined to Historical population estimates for Kermadec be minimal (Greene et al. 2004). The New Zealand parakeets inhabiting Macauley Island vary Department of Conservation subsequently reapplied markedly. Estimates range from a minimum of for resource consent (required by the NZ Resource >1,000 birds in 1966 (Taylor 1985) to 17,000-20,000 156 Greene et al. in September 1988. This was followed within 2 and second, to establish a baseline population months by an almost immediate decline to 5-10% of estimate and sampling methodologies suitable for the preceding estimate (Veitch et al. 2004). Seasonal future monitoring programmes. drought, food shortages, and successional changes Previous visits to Macauley Island strongly in the plant communities on Macauley Island suggested that Kermadec parakeet distribution and over the last 40 years have all been identified as density was largely determined by the predominant potential significant drivers of these highly variable vegetation communities (Greene et al. 2004). High population estimates (Taylor 1985; Greene et al. 2004; densities of parakeets were noted in areas of Scaevola Veitch et al. 2004; Greene et al. 2014). Additionally, gracilis, Cyperus insularis, within the few remaining the absence of a consistent and robust sampling remnant stands of ngaio (Myoporum rapense subsp. design and survey methodology has also hampered kermadecense) and vegetation adjacent to coastal the accuracy and precision of population estimates cliffs. Parakeets occured at much lower densities in (G. Taylor, pers. comm.; Greene et al. 2004). areas dominated by the fern Hypolepis dicksonioides During 2002, parakeet numbers on Macauley (Greene et al. 2004; Greene et al. 2014). In addition, Island were estimated using distance sampling the time limits imposed for the visit to Macauley methods (Greene et al. 2004). However, the Island (<7 days) and the difficulties of moving about short duration of the visit (4 days) and the need the island suggested that a simple randomised or to complete other priority tasks required that systematic sampling design imposed equally over sampling effort was low and biased toward areas of all habitats would be an inefficient means of rapidly greatest floristic diversity and high parakeet density assessing the abundance of parakeets. Intensive easily accessible to observers. Thus, the calculated sampling of habitats with low densities of parakeets population estimate of between 8,000 and 10,000 was likely to waste time when the principle objective parakeets was probably a significant overestimate was to simply determine whether or not a minimum (Greene et al. 2004). A more robust sampling design population of 3,000 parakeets was present. was clearly required to detect with confidence A more efficient alternative was to concentrate the presence of sufficient parakeets to allow the on those habitats, or strata, known to hold higher Macauley Island rat eradication to proceed. In this densities of parakeets and that were relatively study we report on the objectives, sampling design easy to survey. That is, those habitats with highest and survey methodologies used to determine the densities of parakeets and the greatest ease of minimum population size for Kermadec parakeets access were sampled first and most intensively on Macauley Island. using the most appropriate standardised sampling methodology to maximise abundance estimates METHODS as quickly as possible. The most important pre- Study site requisite for this type of stratified sampling Macauley Island (30° 13’S, 178° 33’W) is the 306 approach is prior knowledge of the location and ha remnant of an extinct basaltic volcano (Fig. extent of the various habitats. These habitats 1). The island is bounded on all sides by vertical can then be allocated as accurately as possible coastal cliffs and comprised of a sloping plateau to sampling strata so that sampling effort can be which climbs from relatively low eastern cliffs apportioned prior to fieldwork thereby avoiding about Windy Point to Mt. Haszard (238 m) in the sampling inefficiencies and resultant problems northwest. The plateau is dissected by numerous associated with data interpretation. Seven sampling erosion gullies, some of which have developed into strata were defined a priori using a combination of vertical sided ravines where they exit through the satellite imagery (panchromatic and multispectral coastal cliffs. Vegetation is dominated by tall and imagery obtained from Digital Globe 2005), recent dense Hypolepis dicksonioides fernland and Cyperus oblique aerial photographs (RNZAF 2006) and insularis (Sykes 1977 as Cyperus ustulatus) sedgeland. observations of parakeet distribution derived from More detailed examinations of the geology, climate our previous visit in 2002 (Fig. 2; Greene et al. and vegetation of Macauley Island can be found in 2004). Each of these strata (Table 1) was sampled Veitch et al. (2004), Greene et al. (2004), Barkla et al. in priority order (high to low parakeet density, (2008), Greene et al. 2014 and de Lange (in press). accessibility and sampling intensity). A further stratum comprising extensive patches of Solanum Sampling methods nodiflorum was defined on the island immediately Selection of sampling methods was dictated by 2 following our arrival once this habitat and its objectives. First, there was a need to provide a robust significance was identified. point estimate with acceptably narrow confidence intervals (i.e., CV ≤ 25%; Greene et al. 2004) of the Count methodologies minimum
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Glossary Glossary
    Glossary Glossary Albedo A measure of an object’s reflectivity. A pure white reflecting surface has an albedo of 1.0 (100%). A pitch-black, nonreflecting surface has an albedo of 0.0. The Moon is a fairly dark object with a combined albedo of 0.07 (reflecting 7% of the sunlight that falls upon it). The albedo range of the lunar maria is between 0.05 and 0.08. The brighter highlands have an albedo range from 0.09 to 0.15. Anorthosite Rocks rich in the mineral feldspar, making up much of the Moon’s bright highland regions. Aperture The diameter of a telescope’s objective lens or primary mirror. Apogee The point in the Moon’s orbit where it is furthest from the Earth. At apogee, the Moon can reach a maximum distance of 406,700 km from the Earth. Apollo The manned lunar program of the United States. Between July 1969 and December 1972, six Apollo missions landed on the Moon, allowing a total of 12 astronauts to explore its surface. Asteroid A minor planet. A large solid body of rock in orbit around the Sun. Banded crater A crater that displays dusky linear tracts on its inner walls and/or floor. 250 Basalt A dark, fine-grained volcanic rock, low in silicon, with a low viscosity. Basaltic material fills many of the Moon’s major basins, especially on the near side. Glossary Basin A very large circular impact structure (usually comprising multiple concentric rings) that usually displays some degree of flooding with lava. The largest and most conspicuous lava- flooded basins on the Moon are found on the near side, and most are filled to their outer edges with mare basalts.
    [Show full text]
  • Seabirds in Southeastern Hawaiian Waters
    WESTERN BIRDS Volume 30, Number 1, 1999 SEABIRDS IN SOUTHEASTERN HAWAIIAN WATERS LARRY B. SPEAR and DAVID G. AINLEY, H. T. Harvey & Associates,P.O. Box 1180, Alviso, California 95002 PETER PYLE, Point Reyes Bird Observatory,4990 Shoreline Highway, Stinson Beach, California 94970 Waters within 200 nautical miles (370 km) of North America and the Hawaiian Archipelago(the exclusiveeconomic zone) are consideredas withinNorth Americanboundaries by birdrecords committees (e.g., Erickson and Terrill 1996). Seabirdswithin 370 km of the southern Hawaiian Islands (hereafterreferred to as Hawaiian waters)were studiedintensively by the PacificOcean BiologicalSurvey Program (POBSP) during 15 monthsin 1964 and 1965 (King 1970). Theseresearchers replicated a tracklineeach month and providedconsiderable information on the seasonaloccurrence and distributionof seabirds in these waters. The data were primarily qualitative,however, because the POBSP surveyswere not basedon a strip of defined width nor were raw counts corrected for bird movement relative to that of the ship(see Analyses). As a result,estimation of density(birds per unit area) was not possible. From 1984 to 1991, using a more rigoroussurvey protocol, we re- surveyedseabirds in the southeasternpart of the region (Figure1). In this paper we providenew informationon the occurrence,distribution, effect of oceanographicfactors, and behaviorof seabirdsin southeasternHawai- ian waters, includingdensity estimatesof abundant species. We also document the occurrenceof six speciesunrecorded or unconfirmed in thesewaters, the ParasiticJaeger (Stercorarius parasiticus), South Polar Skua (Catharacta maccormicki), Tahiti Petrel (Pterodroma rostrata), Herald Petrel (P. heraldica), Stejneger's Petrel (P. Iongirostris), and Pycroft'sPetrel (P. pycrofti). STUDY AREA AND SURVEY PROTOCOL Our studywas a piggybackproject conducted aboard vessels studying the physicaloceanography of the easterntropical Pacific.
    [Show full text]
  • Kermadec White-Faced Storm-Petrel Annual Distribution Lineage
    To view this as a map and many more go to: www.nabis.govt.nz web mapping tool Type the map name into: Search for a map layer or place Lineage – Scientific methodology Annual distribution of Kermadec white-faced storm-petrel lineage 1. Literature sources were searched for distribution information. a. Scientific papers, published texts, unpublished reports and university theses available to the expert who prepared the distributional layers. b. Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts for 1960-2009. c. OSNZ News and Southern Bird for 1977–2009. 2. Other sources. a. NZSAS (New Zealand Seabirds at Sea) database maintained by Natural Environment, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington. Also, a database of daily seabird sightings off Kaikoura (www.oceanwings.co.nz). 3. Summary a. An expert scientist integrated information from the literature and expert opinion, and produced hand-drawn distributional zones on a template map. These maps were then digitised and imported into a GIS software package as layers. The areas of the zones were calculated, and the layers were linked to attribute and metadata files. b. The primary sources of distribution data for Kermadec white-faced storm-petrel were the NZSAS database, published texts and unpublished reports. c. A distribution “hotspot” for New Zealand seabirds is defined as “an area of increased abundance of a species, as considered by the expert compiling the species account”. Typical examples of hotspots include areas around breeding locations during the breeding season, regardless of the absolute size of the breeding colony, and areas that are consistently and repeatedly favoured as feeding locations.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity of the Kermadec Islands and Offshore Waters of the Kermadec Ridge: Report of a Coastal, Marine Mammal and Deep-Sea Survey (TAN1612)
    Biodiversity of the Kermadec Islands and offshore waters of the Kermadec Ridge: report of a coastal, marine mammal and deep-sea survey (TAN1612) New Zealand Aquatic Environment and Biodiversity Report No. 179 Clark, M.R.; Trnski, T.; Constantine, R.; Aguirre, J.D.; Barker, J.; Betty, E.; Bowden, D.A.; Connell, A.; Duffy, C.; George, S.; Hannam, S.; Liggins, L..; Middleton, C.; Mills, S.; Pallentin, A.; Riekkola, L.; Sampey, A.; Sewell, M.; Spong, K.; Stewart, A.; Stewart, R.; Struthers, C.; van Oosterom, L. ISSN 1179-6480 (online) ISSN 1176-9440 (print) ISBN 978-1-77665-481-9 (online) ISBN 978-1-77665-482-6 (print) January 2017 Requests for further copies should be directed to: Publications Logistics Officer Ministry for Primary Industries PO Box 2526 WELLINGTON 6140 Email: [email protected] Telephone: 0800 00 83 33 Facsimile: 04-894 0300 This publication is also available on the Ministry for Primary Industries websites at: http://www.mpi.govt.nz/news-resources/publications.aspx http://fs.fish.govt.nz go to Document library/Research reports © Crown Copyright - Ministry for Primary Industries TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1. INTRODUCTION 3 1.1 Objectives: 3 1.2 Objective 1: Benthic offshore biodiversity 3 1.3 Objective 2: Marine mammal research 4 1.4 Objective 3: Coastal biodiversity and connectivity 5 2. METHODS 5 2.1 Survey area 5 2.2 Survey design 6 Offshore Biodiversity 6 Marine mammal sampling 8 Coastal survey 8 Station recording 8 2.3 Sampling operations 8 Multibeam mapping 8 Photographic transect survey 9 Fish and Invertebrate sampling 9 Plankton sampling 11 Catch processing 11 Environmental sampling 12 Marine mammal sampling 12 Dive sampling operations 12 Outreach 13 3.
    [Show full text]
  • DMAAC – February 1973
    LUNAR TOPOGRAPHIC ORTHOPHOTOMAP (LTO) AND LUNAR ORTHOPHOTMAP (LO) SERIES (Published by DMATC) Lunar Topographic Orthophotmaps and Lunar Orthophotomaps Scale: 1:250,000 Projection: Transverse Mercator Sheet Size: 25.5”x 26.5” The Lunar Topographic Orthophotmaps and Lunar Orthophotomaps Series are the first comprehensive and continuous mapping to be accomplished from Apollo Mission 15-17 mapping photographs. This series is also the first major effort to apply recent advances in orthophotography to lunar mapping. Presently developed maps of this series were designed to support initial lunar scientific investigations primarily employing results of Apollo Mission 15-17 data. Individual maps of this series cover 4 degrees of lunar latitude and 5 degrees of lunar longitude consisting of 1/16 of the area of a 1:1,000,000 scale Lunar Astronautical Chart (LAC) (Section 4.2.1). Their apha-numeric identification (example – LTO38B1) consists of the designator LTO for topographic orthophoto editions or LO for orthophoto editions followed by the LAC number in which they fall, followed by an A, B, C or D designator defining the pertinent LAC quadrant and a 1, 2, 3, or 4 designator defining the specific sub-quadrant actually covered. The following designation (250) identifies the sheets as being at 1:250,000 scale. The LTO editions display 100-meter contours, 50-meter supplemental contours and spot elevations in a red overprint to the base, which is lithographed in black and white. LO editions are identical except that all relief information is omitted and selenographic graticule is restricted to border ticks, presenting an umencumbered view of lunar features imaged by the photographic base.
    [Show full text]
  • August 2017 Posidonius P & Luther
    A PUBLICATION OF THE LUNAR SECTION OF THE A.L.P.O. EDITED BY: Wayne Bailey [email protected] 17 Autumn Lane, Sewell, NJ 08080 RECENT BACK ISSUES: http://moon.scopesandscapes.com/tlo_back.html FEATURE OF THE MONTH – AUGUST 2017 POSIDONIUS P & LUTHER Sketch and text by Robert H. Hays, Jr. - Worth, Illinois, USA March 5, 2017 01:28-01:48; UT, 15 cm refl, 170x, seeing 7-8/10. I drew these craters on the evening of March 4/5, 2017 while the moon was hiding some Hyades stars. This area is in northeast Mare Serenitatis west of Posidonius itself. Posidonius P is the largest crater on this sketch. The smaller crater south of P is Posidonius F and Posidonius G is the tiny pit to the north. There is a halo around Posidonius G, but this crater is noticeably north of the halo's center. A very low round swelling is northeast of Posidonius G. Luther is the crater well to the west of Posidonius P. All four of these craters are crisp, symmetric features, differing only in size. There are an assortment of elevations near Luther. The peak Luther alpha is well to the west of Luther, and showed dark shadowing at this time. All of the other features near Luther are more subtle than Luther alpha. One mound is between Luther and Luther alpha. Two more mounds are north of Luther, and a low ridge is just east of this crater. A pair of very low mounds are south of Luther. These are the vaguest features depicted here, and may be too conspicuous on the sketch.
    [Show full text]
  • Obsidian from Macauley Island: a New Zealand Connection
    www.aucklandmuseum.com Obsidian from Macauley Island: a New Zealand connection Louise Furey Auckland War Memorial Museum Callan Ross-Sheppard McGill University, Montreal Kath E. Prickett Auckland War Memorial Museum Abstract An obsidian flake collected from Macauley Island during the Kermadec Expedition has been analysed to determine the source. The result indicates a Mayor Island, New Zealand, origin, supporting previous results on obsidian from Raoul Island that Polynesians travelled back into the Pacific from New Zealand. Keywords obsidian; Pacific colonisation; Pacific voyaging; Macauley Island. INTRODUCTION The steep terrain meant there were only a few suitable habitation places confined to flat areas of limited size on The Kermadec Islands comprise Raoul Island, the largest the south and north coasts. The only landing places were of the group, the nearby Meyer Islands and Herald adjacent to these flats. Botanical surveys have recorded Islets, and 100–155 km to the south are Macauley, the presence of Polynesian tropical cultigens including Curtis and Cheeseman iIslands, and L’Esperence Rock. candlenut (Aleurites monuccana) and ti (Cordyline Raoul is approximately 1000 km to the northeast of fruticosa) (Sykes 1977) which are not endemic to the New Zealand. During the 2011 Kermadec Expedition, island and it is assumed they were transported there by samples of naturally occurring obsidian were obtained Polynesian settlers. Polynesian tuberous vegetables such from Raoul, the Meyer Islands, and from the sea floor off as taro (Colocasia esculenta) and kumara (Ipomoea Curtis Island. These are now in the Auckland Museum batatas) were also recorded but their introduction collection. More importantly however was the single attributed to later 19th century immigrants.
    [Show full text]
  • Ientifi£ Meri£An
    IENTIFI£ MERI£AN Lr�ntered at the Post Office of Xew York. N. Y •• as 8econd Class Matter. Copyright, 1906, by Munn & Co.] Vol. XCIV.-No. 26. 10 CEN'I'S A ('oPY ESTABLISHED 1845. NEW YORK. JUNE 30, 1906. [ $3.00 A YI£AK. A �cientific Party lllaking Observations on a Glacier l\Ioraine. General View of Mount Tacoma. It is the bU",lIess of these men to survey the glacier by means of the usual methods employed III civil engineering Great Nisqllally glacier shown just below the summit and at the right of it. Scientific exploring party III the and to determine its rate of movement and its depth. Stakes are driven in the ice foreground. The glacier has apparently cut its way through the volcallic rock on whIch It oflg111ally and their change of position noted. rested. The rate of movement, is about 22\.i inches a day at tbe lower ponion. TYJlICal Crevasses in a GlaCIer' of the Selkirks (British Columbia). HOW GLACIERS ARE STUDIED.-[See page 034.] 530 Scientific American $22.95 $1,9()O SCIENTIFIC AMER.ICAN A member of thG Redwood Association tal,es us to storage is therefore only , as against for task for our corr.aspondent's criticism, and furnished the new Croton, and $238 for the WachuseU. Similar ESTABLISHED 1845 us with letters that he has received from San Fran­ figures for the Shoshone dam, the highest in the MUNN 6. CO. Editors and Proprietors cisco officials, all of whom unhesitatingly declare that world, are: Cubic yards of masonry, G9,OOO; cost, redwood is more refractory than pine, and some of $1,000,000; capacity of reservoir, 20,000,000,000 cubic Published Weekly at whom even venture the opinion that the fire was stay· feet; or a cost per million cubic feet storage of No.
    [Show full text]
  • Sykes: the Effect of Goats on Kermadec Islands' Vegetation 13
    SYKES: THE EFFECT OF GOATS ON KERMADEC ISLANDS' VEGETATION 13 THE EFFECT OF GOATS ON VEGETATION OF THE KERMADEC ISLANDS W. R. SYKES Botanr Divisiol!. D.S.l.R" Christchurch Goats were present on RaouL the largest island partly responsible for the deyelopment of lhis of the Kermadecs, in 1836, (Rhodes il! Straubel habit. Browsing had also resulted in the introduced 1954) although Wright and Metson (1959) stated sedge Cyperus brevifolius (Rotlb.) Hassk. forming that they were liberated there in 1842. Rhodes said short dense mats lowards the bottom of lhe shallow lhat they were few in number on Raoul whereas he guIJies; this appearance being quite unlike that stated that in 1836. lhe second largest island in the usually found in this species elsewhere. On Raoul group, Macauley, "abounds with goats". This the two lasl-named plants do not form short turf. implies that lhese animals mllst have already been The overall appearance of the plaleau as early as present for a number of years. On Macauley the 1887 must have resembled that seen in 1966 vegetation was burnt to some degree prior to the because Cheeseman (1888) found" . a beau- arrival of the goats. As a result, it has - grassland tiful sward of natural grass". covering most of its surface whereas Raoul is still forested. The above monocotyledonous herbs provided the main source of food for the large goat population, and. apart from limiled areas, dicotyledonous Jn July and August 1966, an expedition herbs were relatively insignificant there during the organised by lhe NZ. Wildlife Service probably winter of 1966.
    [Show full text]
  • Who Got Moseley's Prize?
    Chapter 4 Who Got Moseley’s Prize? Virginia Trimble1 and Vera V. Mainz*,2 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-4575, United States 2Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, United States *E-mail: [email protected]. Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley (1887-1915) made prompt and very skilled use of the then new technique of X-ray scattering by crystals (Bragg scattering) to solve several problems about the periodic table and atoms. He was nominated for both the chemistry and physics Nobel Prizes by Svante Arrhenius in 1915, but was dead at Gallipoli before the committees finished their deliberations. Instead, the 1917 physics prize (announced in 1918 and presented on 6 June 1920) went to Charles Glover Barkla (1877-1944) “for discovery of the Röntgen radiation of the elements.” This, and his discovery of X-ray polarization, were done with earlier techniques that he never gave up. Moseley’s contemporaries and later historians of science have written that he would have gone on to other major achievements and a Nobel Prize if he had lived. In contrast, after about 1916, Barkla moved well outside the scientific mainstream, clinging to upgrades of his older methods, denying the significance of the Bohr atom and quantization, and continuing to report evidence for what he called the J phenomenon. This chapter addresses the lives and scientific endeavors of Moseley and Barkla, something about the context in which they worked and their connections with other scientists, contemporary, earlier, and later. © 2017 American Chemical Society Introduction Henry Moseley’s (Figure 1) academic credentials consisted of a 1910 Oxford BA with first-class honors in Mathematical Moderations and a second in Natural Sciences (physics) and the MA that followed more or less automatically a few years later.
    [Show full text]
  • Status of Kermadec Red-Crowned Parakeets and the Likely Effects of a Proposed Kiore Eradication Programme
    Status of Kermadec red-crowned parakeets and the likely effects of a proposed kiore eradication programme Macauley Island expedition July 2002 DOC SCIENCE INTERNAL SERIES 179 T.C. Greene, R.P. Scofield and P.J. Dilks Published by Department of Conservation PO Box 10-420 Wellington, New Zealand DOC Science Internal Series is a published record of scientific research carried out, or advice given, by Department of Conservation staff or external contractors funded by DOC. It comprises reports and short communications that are peer-reviewed. Individual contributions to the series are first released on the departmental website in pdf form. Hardcopy is printed, bound, and distributed at regular intervals. Titles are also listed in the DOC Science Publishing catalogue on the website, refer http://www.doc.govt.nz under Publications, then Science and Research. © Copyright July 2004, New Zealand Department of Conservation ISSN 1175–6519 ISBN 0–478–22579–2 In the interest of forest conservation, DOC Science Publishing supports paperless electronic publishing. When printing, recycled paper is used wherever possible. This report was prepared for publication by DOC Science Publishing, Science & Research Unit; editing by Helen O’Leary and layout by Lynette Clelland. Publication was approved by the Manager, Science & Research Unit, Science Technology and Information Services, Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand. CONTENTS Abstract 5 1. Introduction 6 2. Itinerary and study areas 6 2.1 Macauley Island—access and campsites 7 2.2 Haszard Islet—access 9 2.3 Cheeseman Island—access 9 3. Methods 10 3.1 Assessment of the risks of kiore eradication to Kermadec red-crowned parakeets 10 3.2 Diet and foraging behaviour of Kermadec red-crowned parakeets on Macauley Island 11 3.3 Estimation of the population size of Kermadec red-crowned parakeets on Macauley Island 11 3.4 Status of kiore on Macauley Island and Haszard Islet 12 3.5 Observations of birds, plants and invertebrates seen on the southern Kermadec Islands 12 4.
    [Show full text]
  • 6 Supplementary References
    6 6 SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES 6 SUPPLEMENTARY REFERENCES 1203 6.1 GENERAL ENCYCLOPEDIAS Cosmology glossary. Western Washington Univ. Planetarium, Bellingham, WA; http://www.wwu.edu/depts/skywise/a101_cosmologyglossary.html. Bilder-Konversationslexikon. 4 vols., Brockhaus, Leipzig (1834). CXC Glossary of astrophysical terms. Chandra X-ray Center (CXC), operated Brockhaus Enzyklopädie. 20 vols., Brockhaus, Wiesbaden (1966–1974). for NASA by Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Brockhaus-Konversationslexikon. 16 vols., Brockhaus, Leipzig (1892–1897). MA; http://chandra.harvard.edu/resources/glossaryA.html. Chambers’s encyclopaedia (ed. by M.D. LAW). 15 vols., International Learn- Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles (ed. by F.G. CUVIER). Levrault, Stras- ing Systems Corporation Ltd., London (1963). bourg (1816–1826). Columbia encyclopedia. Columbia University Press, New York (6th edn., Dictionary of medieval Latin from British sources (ed. by R.E. LATHAM and 2001–2005); http://www.bartleby.com/65/. D.R. HOWLETT). Oxford University Press, London; vol. 1 (1975) to vol. 6 Collier’s encyclopedia. 24 vols., Macmillan Education Co, New York (1987). (2003). Der Große Herder. 13 vols., Herder, Freiburg (1932–1935). Dictionary of mining, mineral, and related terms [compiled and edited by the Encyclopaedia Britannica. 29 vols. (11th edn., 1911). LoveToKnow™ free U.S. Bureau of Mines, U.S. Dept. of the Interior]. Am. Geol. Inst., Alex- online Encyclopedia; http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/. andria, VA (1997); http://www.maden.hacettepe.edu.tr/dmmrt/index.html. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 24 vols. (1875–1889), 24 vols. (1929), 24 vols. Dictionary of SDI (ed. by H. WALDMAN). Scholarly Resources Imprint, Wil- (1959); 30 vols. (1974–1984); 32 vols. (1985–2002) mington, DE (1988).
    [Show full text]