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Sailing Directions Pictograph Legend Fisheries and Oceans Pêches et Océans Canada Canada Corrected to Monthly Edition No. 06/2020 ARC 400 FIRST EDITION General Information Northern Canada Sailing Directions Pictograph legend Anchorage ARC ARC 403 402 Wharf Marina ARC 404 Current ARC 401 Caution Light Radio calling-in point Lifesaving station Pilotage Government of Canada Information line 1-613-993-0999 Canadian Coast Guard Search and Rescue Joint Rescue Coordination Centre Trenton (Great Lakes and Arctic) 1-800-267-7270 Cover photograph Ellesmere Island, near Fort Conger Photo by: David Adler, [email protected] B O O K L E T A R C 4 0 0 Corrected to Monthly Edition No. 06/2020 Sailing Directions General Information Northern Canada First Edition 2009 Fisheries and Oceans Canada Users of this publication are requested to forward information regarding newly discovered dangers, changes in aids to navigation, the existence of new shoals or channels, printing errors, or other information that would be useful for the correction of nautical charts and hydrographic publications affecting Canadian waters to: Director General Canadian Hydrographic Service Fisheries and Oceans Canada Ottawa, Ontario Canada K1A 0E6 The Canadian Hydrographic Service produces and distributes Nautical Charts, Sailing Directions, Small Craft Guides, Canadian Tide and Current Tables and the Atlas of Tidal Currents of the navigable waters of Canada. These publications are available from authorized Canadian Hydrographic Service Chart Dealers. For information about these publications, please contact: Canadian Hydrographic Service Fisheries and Oceans Canada 200 Kent Street Ottawa, Ontario Canada K1A 0E6 Phone: 613-998-4931 Toll Free: 1-866-546-3613 Fax: 613-998-1217 E-mail: [email protected] or visit the CHS web site for dealer location and related information at: www.charts.gc.ca © Fisheries and Oceans Canada 2009 Catalogue No. Fs 72-3/21-2009E ISBN 978-0-660-19855-2 Ottawa, 2009 (Aussi disponible en français) II his is a corrected reprint of the 2009 edition of this booklet. As such, all Notices to Mariners up to and including the Monthly Edition shown in the table below have been incorporated Tin this reprint. This booklet should be kept up-to-date by applying corrections published in Section 4 of the monthly Canadian Notices to Mariners at: http://www.notmar.gc.ca. This booklet should not be used without reference to the pertinent corrections in Notices to Mariners. Record of corrections to this Sailing Directions booklet from monthly Notices to Mariners. CORRECTIONS o. o. o. o. o. 06/2020 III Preface ____________________________________________________ VII Explanatory notes ___________________________________________ VIII Abbreviations _________________________________________________ X CHAPTER 1 Navigational Information General _________________________________________________________ 1-1 Routes __________________________________________________________ 1-1 Hudson Strait ________________________________________________ 1-1 Northwest Passage ____________________________________________ 1-1 Arctic Ocean _________________________________________________ 1-2 Shipping routes _______________________________________________ 1-2 Distances ____________________________________________________ 1-2 Arctic Canada Traffic System (NORDREG) ________________________ 1-2 Pilotage _____________________________________________________ 1-7 Hazards _________________________________________________________ 1-7 Climate induced ______________________________________________ 1-7 Magnetics ___________________________________________________ 1-7 Refraction ___________________________________________________ 1-8 Cables and pipelines ___________________________________________ 1-9 Oil and gas exploration ________________________________________ 1-10 Mandatory nautical publications ___________________________________ 1-10 International Maritime Organization (IMO) publications _____________ 1-10 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS) publications _________________ 1-10 Canadian Coast Guard (CCG) publications ________________________ 1-11 Optional nautical publications _____________________________________ 1-11 Use of charts ____________________________________________________ 1-11 CHS Charts _________________________________________________ 1-11 Corrections to charts __________________________________________ 1-12 Reliance on a chart ___________________________________________ 1-12 North American Datum 1983 (NAD83) ___________________________ 1-13 Chart datum ________________________________________________ 1-13 Tides and tidal streams ________________________________________ 1-13 Sailing Directions ________________________________________________ 1-14 Aids to Navigation _______________________________________________ 1-14 Buoys _____________________________________________________ 1-14 Buoyage ___________________________________________________ 1-14 Fixed aids __________________________________________________ 1-15 Radio __________________________________________________________ 1-15 Radio medical advice _________________________________________ 1-16 Radio distress communications _________________________________ 1-16 Ionospheric disturbances ______________________________________ 1-16 Communications procedures ___________________________________ 1-17 Radio Aids to Navigation __________________________________________ 1-18 Radiobeacons _______________________________________________ 1-18 Radar ______________________________________________________ 1-18 NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) ______________________ 1-19 Automatic Identification Systems ________________________________ 1-19 Canadian Coast Guard ___________________________________________ 1-19 Search and Rescue _______________________________________________ 1-20 Aircraft signals ______________________________________________ 1-21 Cold water survival ___________________________________________ 1-22 Regulations _____________________________________________________ 1-23 IV CHAPTER 2 Geographical Information General _________________________________________________________ 2-1 Northwest Territories ______________________________________________ 2-2 Yukon ___________________________________________________________ 2-4 Nunavut _________________________________________________________ 2-4 Inuit ____________________________________________________________ 2-6 A culture rooted in the land _____________________________________ 2-6 The contact period ____________________________________________ 2-7 The Inuit economy today _______________________________________ 2-7 Plant and Animal Life _____________________________________________ 2-7 Vegetation ___________________________________________________ 2-7 Fish ________________________________________________________ 2-8 Marine mammals ____________________________________________ 2-10 Small land mammals _________________________________________ 2-11 Fur bearers _________________________________________________ 2-12 Large mammals _____________________________________________ 2-13 Birds ______________________________________________________ 2-13 Insects _____________________________________________________ 2-14 Reptiles and amphibians _______________________________________ 2-15 CHAPTER 3 Physiography General _________________________________________________________ 3-1 Hudson Bay area _________________________________________________ 3-2 Arctic Eastern block ______________________________________________ 3-3 Arctic Western block ______________________________________________ 3-6 Arctic Northern block ____________________________________________ 3-10 Great Slave Lake — Mackenzie River area ___________________________ 3-14 CHAPTER 4 Natural Conditions General _________________________________________________________ 4-1 Submarine Topography ____________________________________________ 4-1 Hudson Bay area ____________________________________________ 4-1 Arctic Archipelago ___________________________________________ 4-1 Beaufort Sea — Pingos _______________________________________ 4-2 Athabasca — Mackenzie waterway ______________________________ 4-2 Tides ___________________________________________________________ 4-3 Hudson Bay area ____________________________________________ 4-3 Arctic Archipelago ___________________________________________ 4-3 Tidal streams and currents _________________________________________ 4-3 Hudson Strait ________________________________________________ 4-3 Hudson Bay _________________________________________________ 4-4 Arctic Archipelago ____________________________________________ 4-5 Climate of the Canadian Arctic _____________________________________ 4-7 Climate controls ______________________________________________ 4-7 Seasons _____________________________________________________ 4-9 Winds ______________________________________________________ 4-9 Air temperature _______________________________________________ 4-9 Clouds and precipitation _______________________________________ 4-10 Visibility and fog ____________________________________________ 4-11 Ice Regime, Hudson Bay area ______________________________________ 4-12 Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay _________________________________ 4-12 Hudson Bay ________________________________________________ 4-12 James Bay __________________________________________________ 4-12 Foxe Basin _________________________________________________ 4-12 V Ice regime, Davis Strait and Baffin Bay ______________________________
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