Recommendations by: Meadow Plants March 2018 Betsy Washington Northern Neck Natives

Northern Neck native plants are ecologically adapted to local soils and local climate. They have co-evolved with native bees, butterflies, songbirds, and other wildlife and are critically important to sustaining our wildlife. We should strive for 80% NN natives in our meadow to reduce maintenance and assure we support all pollinators for beauty, sustainability and the complete web of life. Bear in mind that all baby birds require insects for food until they leave the nest. Botanical Name Common Name Soil Moisture Seed Flowering Plants Wet Moist Medium Dry Germination Achillea millefolium Common Yarrow x x A, D Ageratina altissima White Snakeroot x x x x C, D Anemone virginiana Thimbleweed x x x C Antennnaria plantaginifolia Plantain-leaf Pussytoes x x C Antennaria solitaria Single-head Pussytoes x x C Aquilegia canadensis Eastern Red Columbine x x x C - 30 Asclepias incarnata Swamp Milkweed x x x C - 30 Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed x x C - 30 Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly-weed x x x C - 30 , A Baptisia tinctoria Yellow Wild Indigo x x C - 10 Bidens cernua Nodding Beggar-ticks x x x C Chamaecrista fasciculata Partridge-pea x x C - 10 Chelone glabra White Turtlehead x x M, C - 120 Chrysopsis mariana Maryland Golden-aster x x C Conoclinium coelestinum Blue Mistflower x x x x C? Coreopsis lanceolata Long-stalk Coreopsis x x A, C Desmodium paniculatum Narrow-leaf Tick-trefoil x x Eupatorium hyssopifolium Hyssop-leaf Thoroughwort x x x C Eupatorium perfoliatum Common Boneset x x C Euthamia caroliniana Slender Flat-top Goldenrod x x x C, D? Euthamnia graminifolium Flat-top Goldenrod x x x C, D Eutrochium dubium Three-nerved Joe-pye-weed x x x C - 30, D Eutrochium fistulosum Hollow Joe-pye-weed x x x x C, D Eutrochium purpureum Sweet Joe-pye-weeed x x C, D Helenium autumnale Common Sneezeweed x x C Helianthus divaricatus Woodland Sunflower x x x C Hibiscus moscheutos Swamp Rose-mallow x x x C Houstonia caerulea Common Bluets x x A, D Ionactis linariifolia Stiff-leaved Aster x x x C? Iris versicolor/virginica Blue Flag x x M, C - 120 Kosteletzkya pentacarpos Seashore Mallow x x Liatris pilosa Grass-leaf Gayfeather x x x C - 60? Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal Flower x x x C - 60 Lobelia siphilitica Great Blue Lobelia x x x C - 60 Lupinus perennis Sundial Lupine x x C - 10 Monarda punctata Spotted Beebalm x x A, D Oenothera fruticosa Southern Sundrops x x x C SEED GERMINATION LEGEND: A - No pretreatment necessary, seed should germinate when sown directly in warm soil; time to germinate varies, averages 1-4 weeks C - Stratification needed; seeds need a period of cold, moist stratification (# of days denoted if known) or sow outside in late fall D - Surface sow; seeds are tiny and/or need light to germinate M - Best planted outdoors in fall G - Seeds germinate best in cool soil; sow in late fall after frost or early spring For more detailed instructions go to www.prairiemoon.com/blog/how-to-germinate-native-seeds

CONTINUED ON BACK Recommendations by: Meadow Plants March 2018 Betsy Washington Northern Neck Natives

Botanical Name Common Name Soil Moisture Seed FLOWERING PLANTS (continued) Wet Medium Dry Germination Packera aurea Golden Ragwort x x x Partheniuim integrifolium Wild Quinine x x C Penstemon laevigatus Smooth Beard-tongue x x C Phlox paniculata Garden Phlox x x x C Physostegia virginica Northern Obedient-plant x x x C - 60 Pycnanthemum incanum Hoary Mountain-mint x x A, D Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Narrow-leaf Mountain-mint x x x A, D Rhexia virginica Virginia Meadow Beauty x x Rudbeckia hirta Black-eyed Susan x x x A, C Rudbeckia laciniata Cut-leaf Coneflower x x x C Rudbeckia triloba Brown-eyed Susan x x x C, A Ruellia caroliniensis Carolina Wild-petunia x x C? Salvia lyrata Lyre-leaf Sage x x C? Scutellaria integrifolia Hyssop Skullcap x x x x C? Sisyrinchium angustifolium Narrow-leaved Blue-eyed-grass x x x C - 60, M, G Solidago juncea Early Goldenrod x x x C- 60 Solidago nemoralis var. nemoralis Gray Goldenrod x x C Solidago odora Sweet Goldenrod x x C Solidago rugosa Rough-stemmed Goldenrod x x x C Solidago sempervirens Seaside Goldenrod x x x C - 60 Symphiotrichum grandiflorum Large-flowered Aster x x Symphiotrichum leave var. leave Smooth Aster x x C Symphyotrichum nove-belgii New York Aster x x x C Symphyotrichum pilosum White Old-field Aster x x C Thalictrum pubescens Tall Meadow-rue x x x C Verbena hastata Blue Vervain x x C Vernonia noveboracensis New York Ironweed x x x C Viola sororia Common Blue Violet x x x C

Grasses & Sedges for Meadows Andropogon glomeratus Bushy Bluestem x x A Andropogon ternarius Split Bluestem x x x A Andropogon virginicus Broomsedge x x x x A Carex lurida Sallow Sedge x C? Elymus virginicus Virginia Wild Rye x x x A, C Eragrostis spectabilis Purple Lovegrass x x A, C, D Juncus effusus Soft Rush x Panicum virgatum Switchgrass x x x A Saccharum giganteum Sugarcane Plumegrass x x Schizachirium scoparium Little Bluestem x x A Scirpus cyperinus Woolgrass x C, M Tridens flavus Purpletop x x x C References and Links: Native Plants of Northern Neck see www.nnnps.org/go_native_grow_native_files/northernnecknativeplantguide.pdf Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora see www.vaplantatlas.org/ Native Plants for Wildlife Habitat & Conservation Landscaping: Chesapeake Bay Watershed see www.nps.gov/plants/pubs/chesapeake/ Urban & Suburban Meadows, Bringing Meadowscaping to Big and Small Spaces. Catherine Zimmerman. Matrix Media Press, 2010 Wildflowers & Grasses of Virginia's Coastal Plain. Helen Hamilton. Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 2013 Prairie Moon Nursery: https://www.prairiemoon.com/seeds/ Brandywine Conservancy: http://www.brandywine.org/brandywine/wildflower-native-plant-gardens/seed-program

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