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5-2019

Checklist of the Families and Genera of Vascular Plants of California

James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected]

John O. Sawyer Jr Humboldt State University

Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps

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Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr and Sawyer, John O. Jr, "Checklist of the Families and Genera of Vascular Plants of California" (2019). Botanical Studies. 88. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/88

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A CHECKLIST OF THE FAMILIES AND GENERA OF CALIFORNIA VASCULAR PLANTS

James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State University

22 May 2019

My purpose is to provide an inventory of the families and genera of extant lycophytes (fern allies), ferns, gymnosperms, and flowering plants that are native or naturalized. I have also included plants whose historical occurrence is well documented, but that have not been collected in many years (typically 50 years) and are now best considered extinct or extirpated. Plants known only in cultivation as crops and ornamentals are excluded. The number of genera, species, and minimum ranked taxa is shown in parentheses at the end of each family. This checklist contains 212 families and 1447 genera. I estimate that they contain 7185 species and 8614 minimum ranked taxa. These numbers are noticeably higher than those reported in the second edition of The Jepson Manual, primarily because of my more inclusive criteria for inclusion.

This list is based on a number of sources, including: · regional floras – Abrams (1923-1951), the North American Flora, and the Flora of North America North of Mexico; · statewide floras – Brewer, Watson, & Gray (1880); Jepson (1909-1943 & 1923-1925); Munz (1959, 1968, 1974); Hickman (1993); and Baldwin et al. (2012); · databases – the Consortium of California Herbaria, the Consortium of Pacific Northwest Herbaria; the U. S. D. A. Plants Database, Calflora, and the North American Plant Atlas of the Biota of North America Program; · county and local floras; · herbarium specimens, and · recently published monographs, and reports, such as “Noteworthy Collections” in Madroño.

Family concepts follow more closely those adopted by Takhtajan, Heywood et al., Kubitzki, and many of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group’s recommendations.

Significant departures in family concepts from the revised edition of The Jepson Manual include: · retention of the traditional circumscription of Plantaginaceae; · segregation of Ehretiaceae, Heliotropaceae, Hydrophyllaceae, and Namaceae from Boraginaceae; · Orobanchaceae included in Scrophulariaceae; · recognition of Buddlejaceae, Linderniaceae, and Myoporaceae · retention of Lemnaceae; · retention of Sterculiaceae; · retention of Aceraceae; · retention of Hippocastanaceae; · recognition of Sambucaceae and Viburnaceae in place of Adoxaceae; and · recognition of fewer segregates of Liliaceae, as per Christenhusz et al.

I ask that you bring errors and omissions to my attention at [email protected].

−1− Parkeriaceae Taxus Froelichia LYCOPHYTES Ceratopteris Torreya Grayia Guilleminea Isoëtaceae Polypodiaceae Halogeton Isoëtes Polypodium FLOWERING Kochia PLANTS Micromonolepis Lycopodiaceae Psilotaceae Monolepis Lycopodium Psilotum Acanthaceae Nitrophila Lycopodiella Acanthus Salicornia Pteridaceae Carlowrightia Salsola Selaginellaceae Adiantum Justicia Sarcocornia Selaginella Argyrochosma Spinacia Aspidotis Aceraceae Suaeda Astrolepis Acer Tidestromia FERNS Cheilanthes Cryptogramma Acoraceae Amaryllidaceae Aspleniaceae Myriopteris Acorus † Agapanthus Asplenium Notholaena Allium Pellaea Aizoaceae Amaryllis Athyriaceae Pentagramma Aptenia Leucojum Athyrium Pteris Carpobrotus Narcissus Conicosia Pancratium Blechnaceae Salviniaceae Cypselea Nothoscordum Struthiopteris Azolla Delosperma Tristagma Woodwardia Salvinia Disphyma Drosanthemum Anacardiaceae Cyathaeaceae Thelypteridaceae Galenia Lithrea Sphaeropteris Thelypteris Lampranthus Malosma Malephora Pistacia Cystopteridaceae Woodsiaceae Mesembryanthemum Rhus Cystopteris Woodsia Sesuvium Schinus Tetragonia Searsia Dennstaedtiaceae Trianthema Toxicodendron Pteridium GYMNOSPERMS Alismataceae Apocynaceae Dryopteridaceae Cupressaceae Alisma Amsonia Cyrtomium Calocedrus Damasonium Apocynum Dryopteris Chamaecyparis Echinodorus Araujia Polystichum Cupressus Sagittaria Asclepias Juniperus Calotropis Equisetaceae Sequoia Amaranthaceae Catharanthus Equisetum Sequoiadendron Allenrolfea Cycladenia Thuja Alternanthera Cynanchum Marsileaceae Amaranthus Funastrum Marsilea Ephedraceae Aphanisma Matelea Pilularia Ephedra Arthrocnemum Nerium Atriplex Vallesia Nephrolepidaceae Pinaceae Bassia Vinca Nephrolepis Abies Beta Cedrus Ceratoides Apodanthaceae Ophioglossaceae Picea Chenopodium Pilostyles Botrychium Pinus Corispermum Botrypus Pseudotsuga Cycloloma Ophioglossum Tsuga Dysphania Sceptridium Taxaceae Enchylaena Aponogetonaceae Lysichiton Aristolochiaceae Camassia Aponogeton Peltandra Aristolochia Chorogalum Pinellia Asarum Chlorophytum Aquifoliaceae Pistia Cordyline Ilex Zantedeschia Asparagaceae Dichelostemma Agave Dipterostemon Araceae Araliaceae Androstephium Hastingia Arum Aralia Asparagus Hesperocallis Calla Hedera Bloomeria Hyacinthoides Dracunculus Brodiaea Hyacinthus

−2− Leucocrinum Grusonia Dianthus Maianthemum Boraginaceae Lophocereus Eremogone Muilla Amsinckia Mammillaria Gypsophila Muscari Anchusa Opuntia Herniaria Nolina Asperugo Sclerocactus Holosteum Ornithogalum Borago Loeflingia Triteleia Buglossoides Callitrichaceae Minuartia Yucc Cryptantha Callitriche Moenchia Asphodelaceae Cynoglossum Paronychia Aloë Echium Calycanthaceae Petrorhagia Hemerocallis Hackelia Calycanthus Polycarpon Kniphofia Harpagonella Pseudostellaria Lappula Campanulaceae Sagina Lithospermum Asyneuma Saponaria Avicenniaceae Mertensia Campanula Scleranthus Avicennia Myosotis Downingia Scopulophila Pectocarya Githopsis Silene Balsaminaceae Pentaglottis Heterocodon Spergula Impatiens Plagiobothrys Howellia Spergularia Symphytum Legenere Stellaria Basellaceae Legousia Vaccaria Anredera Bromeliaceae Lobelia Velezia Billbergia Nemacladus Bataceae Tillandsia Palmerella Casuarinaceae Batis Porterella Casuarina Buddlejaceae Triodanis Berberidaceae Buddleja Celastraceae Achlys Cannabaceae Euonymus Alloberberis Burseraceae Cannabis Maytenus Berberis Bursera Humulus Mortonia Mahonia Parnassia Vancouveria Cabombaceae Caprifoliaceae Paxistima Brasenia Abelia Betulaceae Cabomba Leycesteria Celtidaceae Alnus Linnaea Celtis Betula Cactaceae Lonicera Corylus Bergerocactus Symphoricarpos Carnegia Ceratophyllaceae Bignoniaceae Coryphantha Caryophyllaceae Ceratophyllu Campsis Cylindropuntia Achyronychia Cistaceae Catalpa Echinocactus Agrostemma Cistus Chilopsis Echinocereus Arenaria Crocanthemum Jacaranda Echinomastus Cardionema Halimium Tecomaria Ferocactus Cerastium Tuberaria Adenophyllum Atrichoseris Centromadia Cleomaceae Ageratina Baccharis Chaenactis Carsonia Ageratum Bahiopsis Chaetadelpha Cleomella Agoseris Baileya Chaetopappa Oxystylis Almutaster Balsamorhiza Chamaemelum Peritoma Amberboa Bebbia Chloracantha Polanisia Amblyopappus Bellis Chondrilla Tarenaya Ambrosia Benitoa Chorisiva Wislizenia Amphipappus Bidens Chrysothamnus Anaphalis Blennosperma Cichorium Commelinaceae Ancistrocarphus Blepharipappus Cirsium Commelina Anisocarpus Blepharizonia Constancea Tradescantia Anisocoma Brickellia Conyza Antennaria Cacaliopsis Coreopsis Compositae Anthemis Calendula Corethrogyne (Asteraceae) Arctium Calycadenia Cosmos Acamptopappus Arctotheca Calycoseris Cota Achillea Arctotis Carduus Cotula Achyrachaena Argyranthemum Carlquistia Crepis Acourtia Arnica Carthamus Crocidium Adenocaulon Artemisia Centaurea Crupina

−3− Cuniculotinus Glyptopleura Jaumea Oncosiphon Cyclachaena Gnaphalium Jensia Onopordum Cynara Grindelia Kyhosia Oreostemma Deinandra Guizotia Lactuca Orochaenactis Delairea Gutierrezia Laënnecia Osmadenia Diaperia Harmonia Lagophylla Osteospermum Dicoria Hazardia Lapsana Oxytenia Dieteria Hecastocleis Lasiospermum Packera Dimeresia Hedypnois Lasthenia Palafoxia Dimorphotheca Helenium Layia Pallenis Dittrichia Helianthella Leontodon Pectis Dyssodia Helianthus Lepidospartum Pentachaeta Eastwoodia Helichrysum Lessingia Pericallis Eatonella Heliomeris Leucanthemum Pericome Echinops Helminthotheca Logfia Perityle Eclipta Hemizonella Luina Petasites Encelia Hemizonia Machaeranthera Petradoria Enceliopsis Hesperevax Madia Peucephyllum Ericameria Heteranthemis Malacothrix Phalacroseris Erigeron Heterotheca Malperia Picradeniopsis Eriophyllum Hieracium Mantisalca Plectostachys Eucephalus Holocarpha Matricaria Pleiacanthus Euchiton Holozonia Mauranthemum Pleurocornonis Eurybia Hulsea Melampodium Pluchea Euthamia Hymenopappus Micropus Porophyllum Filago Hymenothrix Microseris Prenanthella Flaveria Hymenoxys Monolopia Psathyrotes Gaillardia Hypochaeris Monoptilon Pseudobahia Galinsoga Inula Mulgedium Pseudognaphalium Gamochaeta Ionactis Munzothamnus Psilocarphus Gazania Ismelia Nesotus Psilostrophe Geraea Isocoma Nicolletia Pulicaria Glebionis Iva Nothocalaïs Pyrrocoma Rafinesquia Thymophylla Carrichtera Raillardella Tolpis Crassulaceae Caulanthus Raillardiopsis Tonestus Aeonium Chorispora Ratibida Townsendia Cotyledon Cochlearia Rhagadiolus Tracyina Crassula Coincya Rhodanthe Tragopogon Dudleya Conringia Rigiopappus Trichocoronis Rhodiola Cusickiella Rudbeckia Trichoptilium Sedella Descurainia Santolina Tripleurospermum Sedum Diplotaxis Sanvitalia Trixis Dithyraea Saussurea Uropappus Crossosomataceae Draba Scolymus Urospermum Crossosoma Eruca Scorzonera Venegasia Glossopetalon Erucastrum Senecio Verbesina Erysimum Sericocarpus Viguiera Cruciferae Euclidium Silybum Volutaria (Brassicaceae) Halimolobos Solidago Wyethia Alyssum Hesperis Soliva Xanthisma Anelsonia Hirschfeldia Sonchus Xanthium Arabidopsis Hornungia Sphaeromeria Xylorhiza Arabis Iberis X Stebbinsoseris Armoracia Idahoa Stenotus Athysanus Ionopsidium † Stephanomeria Convolvulaceae Aubrieta Isatis Stylocline Calystegia Aurinia Lepidium Symphyotrichum Convolvulus Barbarea Lobularia Syntrichopappus Cressa Berteroa Lunaria Tagetes Cuscuta Boecheria Lyrocarpa Tanacetum Dichondra Brassica Matthiola Taraxacum Ipomoea Cakile Nasturtium Tetradymia Camelina Noccaea Tetraneuris Cornaceae Capsella Phoenicaulis Thelesperma Cornus Cardamine Physaria

−4− Planodes Cucurbitaceae Eriophorum Droseraceae Polyctenium Brandegea Fimbristylis Drosera Raphanus Bryonia Isolepis Rapistrum Citrullus Kobresia Ebenaceae Rorippa Cucumis Kyllinga Diospyros Sibara Cucurbita Lipocarpha Sibaropsis Marah Rhynchospora Ehretiaceae Sinapis Schoenoplectus Tiquilia Sisymbrium Cymodoceaceae Schoenus Smelowskia Halodule † Scirpus Elaeagnaceae Stanleya Trichophorum Elaeagnus Streptanthella Shepherdia Streptanthus Cyperaceae Datiscaceae Strigosella Amphiscirpus Datisca Elaeocarpaceae Subularia Bolboschoenus Aristotelia Teesdalia Bulbostylis Didiereaceae Thelypodium Calliscirpus Portulacaria Elatinaceae Thlaspi Carex Bergia Thysanocarpus Cladium Dipsacaceae Elatine Transberingia Cyperus Dipsacus Tropidocarpum Dulichium Scabiosa Ericaceae Eleocharis Allotropa Arbutus Triadica Aegilops Distichlis Arctostaphylos X Agropogon Echinochloa Cassiope Fagaceae Agropyron Ehrharta Chimaphila Castanea Agrostis Eleusine Comarostaphylis Chrysolepis Aira X Elyhordeum Empetrum Notholithocarpus Alopecurus Elymus Erica Quercus Ammophila Enneapogon Gaultheria Ampelodesmos Eragrostis Hemitomes Fouquieriaceae Amphibromus Eremochloa Kalmia Fouquieria Andropogon Eriochloa Leucothoë Anthoxanthum Erioneuron Menziesia Francoaceae Apera Eustachys Moneses Francoa Aristida Festuca Monotropa Melianthus Arrhenatherum Gastridium Ornithostaphylos Arundo Gaudinia Orthilia Frankeniaceae Avena Glyceria Phyllodoce Frankenia Axonopus Hainardia Pityopus Bambusa Heteropogon Pleuricospora Garryaceae Beckmannia Hilaria Pterospora Garrya Blepharidachne Holcus Pyrola Bothriochloa Hordeum Rhododendron Gentianaceae Bouteloua Hyparrhenia Sarcodes Centaurium Brachypodium Imperata Vaccinium Cicendia Briza Kikuyochloa Xylococcus Eustoma Bromidium Koeleria Frasera Bromus Lagurus Eriocaulaceae Gentiana Calamagrostis Lamarckia Eriocaulon † Gentianella Catapodium Leersia Gentianopsis Cenchrus Leptochloa Escalloniaceae Swertia Chloris Lolium Escallonia Zeltnera Cinna Lycurus Cortaderia Melica Euphorbiaceae Geraniaceae Crypsis Melinis Acalypha Erodium Cynodon Miscanthus Argythamnia Geranium Cynosurus Monanthochloë Bernardia Pelargonium Dactylis Muhlenbergia Croton Dactyloctenium Munroa Euphorbia Goodeniaceae Danthonia Neostapfia Mercurialis Scaevola Dasyochloa Orcuttia Ricinus Deschampsia Oryza Stillingia Gramineae Digitaria Panicum Tetracoccus (Poaceae) Dinebra Parapholis Tragia Acrachne Dissanthelium Paspalum

−5− Phalaris Saccharum Sphenopholis Urochloa Phleum Schedonnardus † Sporobolus Ventenata Phragmites Schismus Stenotaphrum Zizania Phyllostachys Schizachyrium Stipa Zoysia Pleuropogon Sclerochloa Swallenia Poa Scleropogon Torreyochloa Grossulariaceae Polypogon Scribneria Tribolium Ribes Pseudosasa Secale Tridens Puccinellia Setaria Trisetum Gunneraceae Rottboellia Sorghum Triticum Gunnera Rytidosperma Spartina Tuctoria Guttiferae Iridaceae Mentha Laburnum Hypericum Chasmanthe Molucella Lathyrus Crocosmia Monarda Leucaena Haloragaceae Dietes Monardella Lotus Haloragis Freesia Nepeta Lupinus Myriophyllum Gladiolus Origanum Marina Iris Phlomis Medicago Hamamelidaceae Ixia Pogogyne Melilotus Hamamelis Libertia Poliomintha Olneya Liquidambar Moraea Prunella Onobrychis Olysinium Pycnanthemum Ononis Heliotropaceae Romulea Salvia Ornithopus Heliotropium Sisyrinchium Scutellaria Otholobium Sparaxis Stachys Oxytropis Hippocastanaceae Watsonia Teucrium Paraserianthes Aesculus Trichostema Parkinsonia Juglandaceae Vitex Pediomelum Hippuridaceae Carya Peteria Hippuris Juglans Lauraceae Phaseolus Cinnamomum Pickeringia Hydrangeaceae Juncaceae Laurus Pisum Carpenteria Juncus Persea Pithecellobium Fendlerella Luzula Umbellularia Prosopis Jamesia Psorothamnus Philadelphus Juncaginaceae Leguminosae Retama Whipplea Triglochin (Fabaceae) Robinia Acacia Rupertia Hydrocharitaceae Koberliniaceae Aeschynomene Securigera Egeria Koeberlinia Albizia Senna Elodea Alhagi Sesbania Hydrilla Krameriaceae Amorpha Sophora Limnobium Krameria Anthyllis Spartium Najas Astragalus Sphaerophysa Ottelia Labiatae Bauhinia Thermopsis Vallisneria (Lamiaceae) Bituminaria Trifolium Acanthomintha Caesalpinia Trigonella Hydrocotylaceae Agastache Calliandra Ulex Hydrocotyle Calamintha Caragana Vachellia Cedronella Ceratonia Vicia Hydrophyllaceae Clinopodium Cercis Vigna Draperia Condea Clitoria Emmenanthe Galeopsis Colutea Lemnaceae Eucrypta Glechoma Coronilla Lemna Hesperochiron Hedeoma Cytisus Spirodela Howellanthus Hyssopus Dalea Wolffia Hydrophyllum Lamiastrum Dipogon Wolffiella Nemophila Lamium Dorycnium Phacelia Lavandula Erythrina Lennoaceae Pholistoma Leonotis Genista Pholisma Romanzoffia Leonurus Gleditsia Tricardia Lepechinia Glycyrrhiza Turricula Lycopus Halimodendron Lentibulariaceae Wigandia Marrubium Hoffmannseggia Pinguicula Melissa Hoita Utricularia

−6− Malvella Corymbia Orchidaceae Liliaceae Modiola Eucalyptus Calypso Calochortus Sida Leptospermum Cephalanthera Clintonia Sidalcea Luma † Corallorhiza Erythronium Sphaeralcea Melaleuca Cypripedium Fritillaria Metrosideros Epipactis Lilium Martyniaceae Myrtus Goodyera Prosartes Ibicella Psidium Malaxis Scoliopus Proboscidea Syzygium Neottia Streptopus Piperia Tulipa Melanthiaceae Namaceae Platanthera Stenanthium Eriodictyon Spiranthes Limnanthaceae Trillium Nama Floerkea Veratrum Oxalidaceae Limnanthes Xerophyllum Nartheciaceae Oxalis Zigadenus Narthecium Linaceae Paeoniaceae Hesperolinon Meliaceae Nelumbonaceae Paeonia Linum Melia Nelumbo Sclerolinon Palmae Menyanthaceae Nitrariaceae (Arecaceae) Linderniaceae Menyanthes Peganum Phoenix Lindernia Nymphoides Syagrus Nyctaginaceae Washingtonia Loasaceae Molluginaceae Abronia Eucnide Glinus Acleisanthes Papaveraceae Mentzelia Mollugo Allionia Arctomecon Petalonyx Anulocaulis Argemone Montiaceae Boerhavia Canbya Lythraceae Calandrinia Mirabilis Corydalis Ammannia Calyptridium Tripterocalyx Dendromecon Lythrum Cistanthe Dicentra Punica Claytonia Nymphaeaceae Ehrendorferia Rotala Lewisia Nuphar Eschscholzia Montia Nymphaea Fumaria Magnoliaceae Glaucium Magnolia Moraceae Oleaceae Hesperomecon Fatoua Forestiera Hunnemannia Malvaceae Ficus Fraxinus Meconella Abutilon Maclura Ligustrum Papaver Alcea Morus Menodora Platystemon Alyogyne Olea Romneya Anisodontea Moringaceae Syringa Anoda Moringa Passifloraceae Eremalche Onagraceae Passiflora Gossypium Myoporaceae Camissonia Herissantia Myoporum Chamerion Pedaliaceae Hibiscus Circaea Sesamum Horsfordia Myricaceae Clarkia Iliamna Myrica Epilobium Lagunaria Fuchsia Phytolaccaceae Lavatera Myrtaceae Gayophytum Phytolacca Malacothamnus Callistemon Ludwigia Malva Chamelaucium Oenothera Pittosporaceae Armeria Ipomopsis Saltugilia Billardiera Limonium Langloisia Pittosporum Plumbago Lathrocasis Polygalaceae Leptodactylon Polygala Plantaginaceae Polemoniaceae Leptosiphon Rhinotropis Plantago Aliciella Linanthus Allophyllum Loeseliastrum Polygonaceae Platanaceae Collomia Microsteris Acanthoscyphus Platanus Eriastrum Navarretia Aristocapsa Gilia Phlox Centrostegia Plumbaginaceae Gymnosteris Polemonium Chorizanthe

−7− Dedeckera Cercocarpus Spiraea Dodecahema Proteaceae Chaenomeles Emex Grevillea Chamaebatia Rubiaceae Eriogonum Hakea Chamaebatiaria Cephalanthus Fagopyrum Coleogyne Coprosma Gilmania Ranunculaceae Comarum Crucianella Goodmania Acontium Cotoneaster Diodia Hollisteria Actaea Crataegus Galium Johanneshowellia Adonis Cydonia Kelloggia Lastarriaea Anemone Dasiphora Rubia Mucronea Aquilegia Drymocallis Sherardia Muehlenbeckia Caltha Duchesnea Nemacaulis Clematis Eriobotrya Ruppiaceae Oxyria Consolida Fallugia Ruppia Oxytheca Coptis Filipendula Polygonum Delphinium Fragaria Rutaceae Pterostegia Enemion Geum Cneoridium Rumex Myosurus Heteromeles Ptelea Systenotheca Nigella Holodiscus Ruta Ranunculus Horkelia Thamnosma Pontederiaceae Thalictrum Horkelliella Eichhornia Trautvetteria Ivesia Salicaceae Heteranthera Leutkea Populus Monochoria Resedaceae Lyonothamnus Salix Pontederia Oligomeris Malus Reseda Neviusia Sambucaceae Portulacaceae Oemleria Sambucus Portulaca Rhamnaceae Peraphyllum Adolphia Petrophytum Santalaceae Potamogetonaceae Ceanothus Photinia Comandra Potamogeton Colubrina Physocarpus Stuckenia Condalia Potentilla Sapindaceae Zannichellia Frangula Prunus Cardiospermum Rhamnus Pseudocydonia Cupaniopsis Primulaceae Ziziphus Purshia Dodonaea Anagallis Pyracantha Koelreuteria Androsace Rosaceae Pyrus Dodecatheon Acaena Rosa Sarcobataceae Glaux Adenostoma Rubus Sarcobatus Lysimachia Agrimonia Sanguisorba Primula Amelanchier Sibbaldia Sarraceniaceae Samolus Aphanes Sorbaria Darlingtonia Trientalis Aruncus Sorbus Sarracenia Saururaceae Limosella Ailanthus Anemopsis Scrophulariaceae Linaria Castela Anarrhinum Maurandella Saxifragaceae Antirrhinum Mimulus Simmondsiaceae Bensoniella Bacopa Misopates Simmondsia Bolandra Bellardia Mohavea Boykinia Boschniakia Nothochelone Smilacaceae Chrysosplenium Castilleja Nuttallanthus Smilax Darmera Collinsia Orobanche Heuchera Cordylanthus Orthocarpus Solanaceae Jepsonia Cymbalaria Parentucellia Brugmansia Lithophragma Digitalis Pedicularis Calibrachoa Mitella Diplacus Penstemon Capsicum Saxifraga Dopatrium Pseudorontium Cestrum Saxifragopsis Erythranthe Stemodia Chamaesaracha Suksdorfia Gambelia Synthyris Datura Tellima Gratiola Tonella Hyoscyamus Tiarella Holmgrenanthe Triphysaria Leucophysalis Tolmiea Howelliella Verbascum Lycianthes Keckiella Veronica Lycium Scheuchzeriaceae Kickxia Nicandra Scheuchzeria Limnophila Simaroubaceae Nicotiana

−8− Nierembergia Typhaceae Oenanthe Verbenaceae Oryctes Sparganium Oreonana Aloysia Petunia Typha Orogenia Duranta Physalis Osmorhiza Glandularia Quincula Ulmaceae Oxypolis Lantana Salpichroa Ulmus Pastinaca Phyla Solanum Perideridia Verbena Umbelliferae Petroselinum Staphyleaceae (Apiaceae) Podistera Viburnaceae Staphylea Ammi Sanicula Viburnum Anethum Scandix Sterculiaceae Angelica Sium Violaceae Ayenia Anthriscus Spermolepis Viola Brachychiton Apiastrum Sphenosciadium Fremontodendron Apium Tauschia Viscaceae Styracaceae Berula Torilis Arceuthobium Styrax Bowlesia Vesper Phoradendron Bupleurum Yabea Viscum Tamaricaceae Cicuta Tamarix Conioselinum Urticaceae Vitaceae Tecophilaeaceae Conium Boehmeria Ampelopsis Odontostomum Coriandrum Hesperocnide Cissus Cyclospermum Parietaria Parthenocissus Thymelaeaceae Cymopterus Soleirolia Vitis Dirca Daucus Urtica Eryngium Zingiberaceae Tofieldiaceae Foeniculum Valerianaceae Hedychium Triantha Glehnia Centranthus Zosteraceae Heracleum Plectritis Nanozostera Tropaeolaceae Ligusticum Valeriana Phyllospadix Tropaeolum Lilaeopsis Valerianella Zostera Lomatium Zygophyllaceae Fagonia Kallstroemia Larrea Tribulus Zygophyllum

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abrams, L. 1923-1960. Illustrated flora of the Pacific states. Four vols. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2016. An update of the ... classification ... of flowering plants. APG IV. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 181: 1-20. Baldwin, B. et al. (editors). 2012. The Jepson manual: vascular plants of California. Second edition. Kartesz, J. Biota of North America Program bonap.org Brewer, W. et al. 1876. Geological survey of California Botany. Two vols. CalFlora. calflora.org Christenhusz, M. et al. 2017. An illustrated encyclopedia of vascular plants. Consortium of California Herbaria. ucjeps.berkeley.edu/consortium Flora North America Editorial Committee 1993 –>. Flora of North American north of Mexico. Gymnosperm Database. conifers.org Heywood, V. et al. 2007. Flowering plant families of the world. Hickman, J. (editor). 1993. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California. International Plant Names Index. ipni.org Jepson, W. L. 1924-1925. Manual of the flowering plants of California Kubitzki, K. et al. (editors). 1990 –>. The families and genera of vascular plants. Mabberley, D. 2008. Mabberley’s plant-book. Third edition. Munz, P. 1959. A California flora. Munz, P. 1968. Supplement to a California flora. Munz, P. A. 1974. A flora of southern California. Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group. 2016. J. Syst. Evol. 546: 563-603. Takhtajan, A. 2009. Flowering plants. U. S. D. A., N. R. C. S. 2018. The plants database. http://plants.usda,gov

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