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Home , Clavaria fragilis, Collybia cirrhata, Conocybe tenera, Cortinarius caperatus, Cortinarius cinnamomeus, Cortinarius flexipes

Species List Humber Valley, 2017 collinitus squamulosa Peziza michelii Cortinarius delibutus Hymenoscyphus repandus Peziza sedia Cortinarius flexipes chrysospermus Phaeohelotium epiphyllum New to the Cortinarius grosmorneensis Hypomyces hyalinus Phaeolus schweinitzii cumulative list are Cortinarius huronensis Phellinus chrysoloma shown in black Cortinarius malicorius Hypomyces papalosporae var. Phellinus laevigatus boldface print. Cortinarius scaurus americana Phellinus prunicola Cortinarius stillatitius Hypoxylon fuscum Phellodon niger Cortinarius subtortus Picipes tubaeformis Cortinarius tofaceus Inocybe comatella Piptoporus betulinus campestris Cortinarius venetus Inocybe egenula Plicaturopsis crispa bisporigera Craterellus tubaeformis Inocybe geophylla Polyporus varius Amanita brunnescens Crucibulum laeve Inocybe hystrix fumosipes Amanita ceciliae Cudonia circinans Inocybe jacobi Postia tephroleuca Amanita flavoconia Cystolepiota seminuda Inocybe lanuginosa Pseudohydnum gelatinosum Amanita fulva Dacrymyces chrysospermus Inocybe lilacina Puccinia poarum Amanita muscaria var. Daedaleopsis confragosa Inonotus obliquus Pycnoporellus fulgens guessowii Daldinia childii Ischnoderma resinosum Ramariopsis kunzei Amanita porphyria Elaphomyces muricatus Jahnoporus hirtus Ramariopsis tenuiramosa Amanita rubescens bicolor Laccaria bicolor Rhodocollybia maculata var. Amanita wellsii Entoloma formosum Laccaria laccata var. scorzonerea Ampulloclitocybe clavipes Entoloma incanum pallidifolia Rhytisma curtisii Annulohypoxylon multiforme Entoloma jubatum Laccaria striatula Rhytisma salicinum Antrodia heteromorpha Entoloma luteum Lachnellula agassizii Rhytisma solidagenis Aphroditeola olida Entoloma quadratum Lachnum virgineum fibula Apiosporina morbosa Entoloma sericellum camphoratus abietina sphagnicola Entoloma serrulatum Lactarius deterrimus Aurantioporthe corni Entoloma strictius var. Lactarius helvus Russula cf betularum Austroboletus gracilis isabellinum Lactarius lignyotus Russula decolorans edulis Exobasidium vaccinii Lactarius mucidus Russula compacta Calocera viscosa Fomes fomentarius Lactarius scrobiculatus var. Russula dissimulans amethysteus Fomitopsis cajanderi canadensis Russula fragilis Cantharellus camphoratus Fomitopsis ochracea Lactarius tabidus Russula humidicola Catathelasma ventricosum Fomitopsis pinicola Lactarius thyinos Russula montana Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa Fomitopsis rosea holopus Russula paludosa Chalciporus piperatus Fuligo septica Russula peckii Chalciporus rubinellus Galerina atkinsoniana Leotia lubrica Scleroderma bovista Chlorociboria aeruginascens Ganoderma applanatum Leptoporus mollis Scutellinia scutellata Chlorociboria aeruginosa Gliophorus irrigatus Leucocoprinus cepistipes Sebacina concrescens chrysophylla Gliophorus laetus Lycogala epidendrum Steccherinum ochraceum Chrysomyxa ledicola Gloeophyllum sepiarium Lycoperdon perlatum Stereum ostrea Chrysomyxa pirolata Gloioxanthomyces nitidus Lycoperdon pyriforme Stereum sanguinolentum fragilis Gomphidius borealis perforans americanus Clavaria rosea Gymnopilus penetrans Marasmius androsaceus Suillus glandulosus Clavaria vermicularis Gymnopus alpinus Marasmius rotula Suillus granulatus Clavulina cinerea Gymnopus dryophilus Marasmius wittensteinii Suillus neoalbidipes Clavulina rugosa Gymnopus lachnophyllus Melanoleuca brevipes Suillus placidus Gymnosporangium cornutum Merismodes fasciculata Sutorius eximius Clitopilus prunulus Gymnosporangium nidus-avis Mucronella calva Taphrina robinsoniana cirrhata Hapalopilus rutilans rubromarginata Tilachlidium brachiatum apala Helvella lacunosa Mycena sanguinolenta Trametes versicolor Conocybe tenera subglabripes Myxarium nucleatum Tremella foliacea Coprinopsis atramentaria Humaria hemisphaerica Nectriopsis violacea Trichaptum abietinum Coprinus comatus Hydnum repandum Oxyporus populinus Trichaptum laricinum Cortinarius acutus Hydnum umbilicatum Panaeolina foenisecii transmutans Cortinarius alboviolaceus Hygrocybe acutoconica Panellus stipticus Turbinellus floccosus Cortinarius armillatus Hygrocybe cantharellus Panellus violaceofulvus felleus Cortinarius bolaris Hygrocybe chlorophana involutus Tyromyces chioneus Hygrocybe conica Peziza badia subtomentosus Cortinarius cinnamomeus Hygrocybe miniata Peziza emilia enigmatica

OMPHALINA 7 What do These Data

Mean? Andrus Voitk

Moving our foray to a month before peak trails had to be abandoned (one ordinarily good trail season produced an obvious expecta�on: had only one old polypore along its en�re length!) with last minute subs�tu�ons, and there was more The 2017 species count would be lower than past trepida�on in the air around organizers than I have years. seen before. All the worry was wasted: despite Michael and the board were very concerned that the challenges, this foray had enthusiasm and a lack of might make the experience excitement almost on par with our very early forays, unsa�sfactory for par�cipants, but on three occasions I encouraged him to go ahead, because there are always fungi everywhere, adding two more expecta�ons: The lack of “normal” mushrooms would promote the collec�on of “6‐O” species, (odd, obscure, or otherwise ordinarily‐overlooked), and, more importantly, We would capture early‐season species, missed by past (later‐season) forays. Then followed an unusually long, hot and dry summer, raising another expecta�on: The species count would be lower s�ll, par�cularly with respect to early‐season fleshy mushrooms. These ma�ers were foremost in the organizers’ Tilachlidium brachiatum. Several collections of this strange white-needled eater of old fruiting bodies minds as foray �me neared, and trails were scouted were found. Perhaps a future issue of Omph a l in a should be almost daily to find produc�ve ones. Some selected devoted to such mycophagous fungi. 8 OMPHALINA when nobody knew what to expect and everything was a fresh experience. All par�cipants I spoke to seemed to enjoy themselves thoroughly. What does our list tell us of how these expecta�ons turned out? The �tle banner shows the graph of our cumula�ve list (the rising red line) and the number of species per foray (the green columns along the bo�om). The total of 224 species for 2017 (including three Myxomycete species, CB17, last column to the right) is, as was suspected, low for our forays. Only five regular forays have had less, but in those forays contribu�on by a faculty foray was non‐existent or insignificant. So, yes, not surprisingly, expecta�ons 1 & 4 came true: holding the foray a month before peak mushroom season in a year with an unusually dry summer did have its effect. At the same �me, the result was not a calamity: over 224 species is s�ll quite a respectable number. Par�cipants seemed to be very sa�sfied, and iden�fiers could work at a civilized pace, taking �me to iden�fy most collec�ons. We added 39 new species to our cumula�ve list, 17% of the iden�fied species, which is in keeping with the propor�on in recent years. Intui�vely you may suspect that the propor�on of new species in a region could be expected to decrease slowly, as the years roll on. However, expecta�on 2 suggested that the propor�on of new species might rise in a year with less to find, because more 6‐O species tend to be brought in. Apparently not so, at least this �me. This is a bit subjec�ve, but I noted 14 species that Nectriopsis violacea. A very cool , with a different might be viewed as 6‐O members (some collected diet: one of few known Myxomycete eaters, in its case, in past years as well), or 6%. We have had more in Fuligo septica. For a long time I thought purple was other, much more produc�ve years. S�ll, these make a phase F. septica went through, but, no—that was the for a fascina�ng view of the diversity of fungi, and contribution of N. violacea, eating it. Awes you with its for that reason some are used to add colour to this inventive lifestyle, if not its beauty. discussion. A few other unusual finds are treated but no new species were seen. Possibly we have separately elsewhere. collected all the species of the in the province. One of the main reasons for an earlier date is to Inocybe was the other early genus that stood out: recover early‐season species that we normally miss. seven species, four of them new. Thus, expecta�on Scanning the list, nothing really strikes the eye as a 3 did not come to pass, as predicted by expecta�on par�cularly early species. Specifically, there are a lot 4, which did: absence of early season fleshy fungi of that fruit before our normal forays. We was likely a direct reflec�on of the hot summer. Two had very few russulas, with only one species new to significant excep�ons of interest to the mycophagist. the list. Also, we had very few species of Entoloma Two (and the less common two, at that) of our three and Lactarius, and no Clitocybe or , known chanterelle species were recovered—this all genera containing some early season species. but months a�er their presence was first described. , many also early risers, were present, Secondly, many collec�ons of were OMPHALINA 9 brought in, another delicious early‐season species. This was probably one of the be�er years for that species, and as soon as a bit of rain came (a�er the foray, of course), the forests seemed to swell with them, even in areas where we had not encountered them before. I cannot leave considera�on of �ming without commen�ng on the presence of Henry Beker, renowned student of the genus Hebeloma. It, along with Tricoloma, Hygrophorus, and a few others, is a late season genus here, o�en incompletely surveyed because our normal forays are too early. Of the three genera men�oned, only one collec�on of one species of Tricholoma was brought in. Not a single Hebeloma for Henry. However, on several occasions Phaeoheliotium epiphyllum. A small yellow cup fungus he graciously pointed out that he had been advised with a white stem and underside, growing, as its name of this before coming, and was quite content. suggests, on leaves. Its healthy leafy diet readily separates it from Bisporella citrina, Pithiya vulgaris, Lachnellula Even with our low numbers, not all that was brought agassizii, Byssonectria terrestris, and many other similar in was iden�fied. This never happens in any year. little yellow cups, none of which we collected this time. Iden�fiers select from the tables material that they know, that interests them, or that otherwise appeals to them. Only later, if there is �me, do they pick up strange specimens that require a lot of work to iden�fy. Not efficient to spend three hours with one specimen, le�ng hundreds back up. Every once in a while some of us does a “table‐clearing blitz”, trying to put a name on everything we know immediately, just to get it out of the way. This helps clear the tables, but generally removes rela�vely common species that have already been recorded several �mes, so does not directly help capture the richness. Fine, now we know that some collec�ons do not get iden�fied, for a variety of reasons. But how well do we do with the material we do iden�fy? According to the raw data, seven iden�fied taxa did not have a specimen kept (or the specimen had to be discarded because it was improperly dried), a loss of about 3%, and less, if you count the specimens iden�fied to genus, but not species, which are excluded from the “Species list” by defini�on. Not bad.

Boletus edulis. Collected often during the foray, and really became prominent after—a bumper year for this species in our area. 10 OMPHALINA Survey Of The -Forming Ascomycetes Collected During The 2017 NL Foray Chris Deduke, André Arsenault and Michele Piercey-Normore This year there were 282 lichen specimens collected common on Table Mountain, it has rarely been re- from 11 trails, which included 102 species. Some ported in southwestern NL on calcium enriched soil of the highlights of the lichen foray this year are the (Pitcher 2011). findings of 40 species (and subspecies) of the genus Cladonia, 13 species of that contain cyano- The number of species for each trail did not neces- bacteria as a photobiont, and three species of pin sarily reflect the lichens present in those trails for lichens. New records for the foray include Biatora various reasons including the time given to collect- vernalis, Calicium lenticulare, Cladonia bacillifor- ing lichens, the type of habitat, and the interests of mis, Cladonia cyanipes, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia the participants. This meant that the collections from pocillum, Polyblastia hyperborea, Romjularia lurida, some trails were few in number because lichens were Solorina saccata, Thelotrema lepadinum and Vulp- not the focus of the trails. On the other hand, both cidia juniperina. Table Mountain and Barachois Pond Provincial Park showed a good representation of the lichens for those Three notable species that are rarely collected in the trails and they contained the highest number of spe- province in- cies, 43 species each. clude Polyblas- tia hyperborea, Table Mountain was an elevated exposure with cal- Romjularia careous soil and rocks. The top of the mountain was lurida and Vul- exposed to the northwest and was covered in sporad- picida junipe- ic tuckamore becoming a spruce forest further to the rina. Polyblas- southeast (Fig. 2). It had Cetraria aculeata, Flavo- tia hyperborea cetraria nivalis, Ochrolechia androgyna, O. frigida, has previously Pertusaria macounii, P. consocians, P. plittiana, and been col- Solorina saccata. It was also the location in which lected from Romjularia lurida and Vupicida juniperina were col- Newfoundland lected. Table and Labrador Mountain (Thomson Figure 1. Vulpicida juniperina grow- also contained ing among rocks. Photo by André 1997) and is Arsenault. some calcium likely to be rich habitat fairly common. However, it may be undercollected which explains because it appears as small black bumps on rocks the presence and is easily overlooked. It was collected by Wag- of several horne in 1896 at L’Anse Au Mort (currently known calcium-loving as L’Anse Amour) according to records in the CN- species such as ALH (2017). Romjularia lurida was collected on soil C. cariosa and over rock which appeared to be calcium-enriched. C. pocillum, It was first identified to be Psora globifera but the but it also had identification was later corrected to be R. lurida plant debris by Chris Lewis. They look very similar in appear- and rocks Figure 2. Southeastern view of Table ance but R. lurida has an apothecial margin which which providedMountain with open rock barrens, is darker than the hymenial surface, whereas the substrates that tuckamore and spruce forests in the apothecial margin is lighter than the in were more background. P. globifera (Nash et al. 2007). Vulpicida juniperina acidic. Photo by André Arsenault. (syn. Vulpicida tilesii) is previously known from the calcium rich soils in NL (Pitcher 2011). On Table Barachois Pond Provincial Park was a mixed wood Mountain in this year’s foray, it was very common forest with spruce, white , yellow birch, balsam on the ground (Fig. 1). It is a yolk yellow foliose fir, and eastern white pine (Fig. 3). Its boreal lichen which grows flat over calcareous soil in large nature with a more ameliorated habitat was repre- patches and does not have soredia or rarely apothecia sented by more typical boreal lichen species such as whereas the other common species in NL, V. pinas- Alectoria sarmentosa, Cladonia subulata, C. verti- tri, almost always produces abundant yellow soredia cilata, Loxospora ochrophaea, five species of Peltig- along the margins. While this species was locally era, Ramalina dilacerata, and Usnea dasopoga. 12 OMPHALINA The Stephenville dia. It is common on many and is sometimes bog is a seaside found mixed with H. tubulosa, which has narrow bog with the lobe tips with powdery soredia on the upper surface influence of salt of the lobe tips. H. physodes can also be found on spray from the the ground in exposed locations. Platismatia glauca nearby ocean is the rag lichen with a large thin thallus that looks (Fig. 4). The bog shredded along the edges and is common on many contains Sphag- conifers. It has a smooth white upper surface and a num and other black lower surface. Another species of Platismatia, P. , pitcher norvegica (Fig. 6), was also collected during the foray. plants and sun- P. norvegica is a similar size but the upper surface has dews, but had a ridges with depressions between them and the tips are margin of spruce- often browned (Brodo et al. 2001). forest. This bog contained Figure 3. Interior forest of Bara- some species chois Pond Provincial Park. Photo by Chris Deduke. which tend to be more typical of bogs, such as Cladonia maxima, C. stygia, and others that also have a tendency to be present in harsher con- ditions such as C. cyanipes and Ramalina roeslerii. Some species are generalists and were collected along many of the trails. One of Figures 5 & 6. Hypogymnia physodes on larch (left). these includes Platismatia norvegica on larch (right). Photos by Alectoria sar- André Arsenault. mentosa, which is yellow pendant While the eleven trails of the 2017 foray underwent lichen that is often varying intensities of cction effort, 102 species mistaken for an were collected in total and 11 were new species to Usnea species. the foray. A number of noteworthy collections were Alectoria has the made, and the collections provided the opportunity to appearance of clarify the similarities between a number of common white scratches on morphologically similar species. Figure 4. View of Stephenville a straw coloured Bog. Photo by André Arsenault. surface whereas We thank Chris Lewis for confirming the identifica- Usnea often has a tion of Romjularia lurida and we acknowledge the bumpy surface but is always without the scratch mark- many participants who collected lichens that contrib- ings. Alectoria species also lack the elastic central uted to this list. cord which is diagnostic of Usnea species. References The Cladonia chlorophaea species complex is a CNALH, 2017. Consortium of North American Lichen Her- complex of different cup-forming species that are baria (CNALH). http//:lichenportal.org/portal/index.php. Accessed on 24 October 2017. often difficult to distinguish without determining the Culberson, C.F., Culberson, W.L., Johnson, A. 1985. Orcinol- chemical contents (chemospecies) present in the thal- type depsides and depsidones in the lichens of the lus (Culberson et al. 1985). Cladonia chlorophaea Cladonia chlorophaea group (Ascomycotina, Cladoni- sensu stricto is the most common species within aceae). Bryologist 88: 380-387. the complex of species but C. merochlorophaea is a Nash, T.H. III, Ryan, B. D., Gries, C., Bungartz, F. 2007. Li- chen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol. 1. chemospecies present in NL and tends to be found Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA. on acidic substrates in moist habitats such as bogs. Pitcher, M. 2011. Powdered Sunshine Lichen. Omphalina Cladonia ochrochlora is a powder horn lichen com- 2(7):13. monly found on decaying wood but can be present on Schram, L.J., McMullin, R.T., Anand, M. 2013. Cladonia nor- other substrates also. It is difficult to distinguish from vegica Tønsberg & Holien (Cladoniaceae), a new lichen record for Ontario. Evansia 30: 69-71. C. coniocraea but can be distinguished as described in Thomson, J. W. 1997. American Arctic Lichens: 2. The Mi- Schram et al. (2013). Hypogymnia physodes (Fig. 5) is crolichens. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, a hollow epiphyte with a white upper surface, a black Wisconsin. under surface and upturned lobes with powdery sore- OMPHALINA 13 Lichen Species Collected During Foray 2017 Pipeline-Gorge TrailBlowmedown SkiPasadena Club Ski TrailPasadena WatershedBarachois PondTable P. Park Mountain Stephenville BogBlowmedown P. Barry’sPark LookoutMassey Drive NorthWild Shore- Cove Alectoria sarmentosa • • • • • Amandinea punctata • Baeomyces rufus • Biatora vernalis • Bryoria fremontii • Calicium lenticulare • Cetraria aculeata • Cetraria islandica • Chaenotheca chryso- • cephala Chaenotheca furfuracea • Cladonia amaurocraea • Cladonia arbuscula • • • Cladonia bacilliformis • Cladonia boryi • Cladonia botrytes • Cladonia caespiticia • Cladonia cariosa • Cladonia cenotea • • Cladonia chlorophaea • • • • • • • complex Cladonia coniocraea • • Cladonia cornuta • Cladonia crispata • Cladonia cristatella • • • • • Cladonia cyanipes • Cladonia deformis • Cladonia digitata • Cladonia fimbriata • Cladonia furcata • Cladonia gracilis ssp. • elongata Cladonia gracilis ssp. • gracilis Cladonia gracilis ssp. • • • turbinata Cladonia macilenta • • Cladonia maxima • •

14 OMPHALINA Pipeline-Gorge TrailBlowmedown SkiPasadena Club Ski TrailPasadena WatershedBarachois PondTable P. Park Mountain Stephenville BogBlowmedown P. Barry’sPark LookoutMassey Drive North Shore- Wild Cove Cladonia multiformis • Cladonia ochrochlora • • • • Cladonia pleurota • • • • Cladonia pocillum • Cladonia pyxidata • Cladonia rangiferina • • • • • Cladonia rei • • Cladonia scabriuscula • • • Cladonia squamosa • • • • Cladonia stellaris • Cladonia stygia • • • Cladonia subulata • Cladonia symphycarpa • Cladonia turgida • Cladonia uncialis • Cladonia verticillata • Cladonia wainioi • Dibaeis baeomyces • Flavocetraria nivalis • Graphis scripta • • • • • • Hypogymnia physodes • • • • • Hypogymnia tubulosa • Icmadophila ericetorum • • • Imshaugia aleurites • Lecanora symmicta • Lecidella stigmatea • Lepraria finkii • • • • • Lobaria pulmonaria • • Lobaria quercizans • Lobaria scrobiculata • Lopadium disciforme • Loxospora ochrophaea • • Melanelixia subaurifera • Melanohalea septentrio- • nalis Mycoblastus sanguinarius • • •

OMPHALINA 15