The Paxillus Involutus
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Covered in Phylloboletellus and Numerous Clamps in Boletellus Fibuliger
PERSOONIA Published by the Rijksherbarium, Leiden Volume 11, Part 3, pp. 269-302 (1981) Notes on bolete taxonomy—III Rolf Singer Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, U.S.A. have Contributions involving bolete taxonomy during the last ten years not only widened the knowledge and increased the number of species in the boletes and related lamellate and gastroid forms, but have also introduced a large number of of new data on characters useful for the generic and subgeneric taxonomy these is therefore timely to fungi,resulting, in part, in new taxonomical arrangements. It consider these new data with a view to integratingthem into an amended classifi- cation which, ifit pretends to be natural must take into account all observations of possible diagnostic value. It must also take into account all sufficiently described species from all phytogeographic regions. 1. Clamp connections Like any other character (including the spore print color), the presence or absence ofclamp connections in is neither in of the carpophores here nor other groups Basidiomycetes necessarily a generic or family character. This situation became very clear when occasional clamps were discovered in Phylloboletellus and numerous clamps in Boletellus fibuliger. Kiihner (1978-1980) rightly postulates that cytology and sexuality should be considered wherever at all possible. This, as he is well aware, is not feasible in most boletes, and we must be content to judgeclamp-occurrence per se, giving it importance wherever associated with other characters and within a well circumscribed and obviously homogeneous group such as Phlebopus, Paragyrodon, and Gyrodon. (Heinemann (1954) and Pegler & Young this is (1981) treat group on the family level.) Gyroporus, also clamp-bearing, considered close, but somewhat more removed than the other genera. -
<I>Phylloporus
VOLUME 2 DECEMBER 2018 Fungal Systematics and Evolution PAGES 341–359 doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2018.02.10 Phylloporus and Phylloboletellus are no longer alone: Phylloporopsis gen. nov. (Boletaceae), a new smooth-spored lamellate genus to accommodate the American species Phylloporus boletinoides A. Farid1*§, M. Gelardi2*, C. Angelini3,4, A.R. Franck5, F. Costanzo2, L. Kaminsky6, E. Ercole7, T.J. Baroni8, A.L. White1, J.R. Garey1, M.E. Smith6, A. Vizzini7§ 1Herbarium, Department of Cell Biology, Micriobiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA 2Via Angelo Custode 4A, I-00061 Anguillara Sabazia, RM, Italy 3Via Cappuccini 78/8, I-33170 Pordenone, Italy 4National Botanical Garden of Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic 5Wertheim Conservatory, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA 6Department of Plant pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA 7Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy 8Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York – College at Cortland, Cortland, NY 1304, USA *Authors contributed equally to this manuscript §Corresponding authors: [email protected], [email protected] Key words: Abstract: The monotypic genus Phylloporopsis is described as new to science based on Phylloporus boletinoides. This Boletales species occurs widely in eastern North America and Central America. It is reported for the first time from a neotropical lamellate boletes montane pine woodland in the Dominican Republic. The confirmation of this newly recognised monophyletic genus is molecular phylogeny supported and molecularly confirmed by phylogenetic inference based on multiple loci (ITS, 28S, TEF1-α, and RPB1). -
Abies Alba Mill.) Differ Largely in Mature Silver Fir Stands and in Scots Pine Forecrops Rafal Ważny
Ectomycorrhizal communities associated with silver fir seedlings (Abies alba Mill.) differ largely in mature silver fir stands and in Scots pine forecrops Rafal Ważny To cite this version: Rafal Ważny. Ectomycorrhizal communities associated with silver fir seedlings (Abies alba Mill.) differ largely in mature silver fir stands and in Scots pine forecrops. Annals of Forest Science, Springer Nature (since 2011)/EDP Science (until 2010), 2014, 71 (7), pp.801 - 810. 10.1007/s13595-014-0378-0. hal-01102886 HAL Id: hal-01102886 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01102886 Submitted on 13 Jan 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Annals of Forest Science (2014) 71:801–810 DOI 10.1007/s13595-014-0378-0 ORIGINAL PAPER Ectomycorrhizal communities associated with silver fir seedlings (Abies alba Mill.) differ largely in mature silver fir stands and in Scots pine forecrops Rafał Ważny Received: 28 August 2013 /Accepted: 14 April 2014 /Published online: 14 May 2014 # The Author(s) 2014. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract colonization of seedling roots was similar in both cases. This & Context The requirement for rebuilding forecrop stands suggests that pine stands afforested on formerly arable land besides replacement of meadow vegetation with forest plants bear enough ECM species to allow survival and growth of and formation of soil humus is the presence of a compatible silver fir seedlings. -
Forest Fungi in Ireland
FOREST FUNGI IN IRELAND PAUL DOWDING and LOUIS SMITH COFORD, National Council for Forest Research and Development Arena House Arena Road Sandyford Dublin 18 Ireland Tel: + 353 1 2130725 Fax: + 353 1 2130611 © COFORD 2008 First published in 2008 by COFORD, National Council for Forest Research and Development, Dublin, Ireland. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, or stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying recording or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from COFORD. All photographs and illustrations are the copyright of the authors unless otherwise indicated. ISBN 1 902696 62 X Title: Forest fungi in Ireland. Authors: Paul Dowding and Louis Smith Citation: Dowding, P. and Smith, L. 2008. Forest fungi in Ireland. COFORD, Dublin. The views and opinions expressed in this publication belong to the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect those of COFORD. i CONTENTS Foreword..................................................................................................................v Réamhfhocal...........................................................................................................vi Preface ....................................................................................................................vii Réamhrá................................................................................................................viii Acknowledgements...............................................................................................ix -
The Bioaccumulation of Some Heavy Metals in the Fruiting Body of Wild Growing Mushrooms
Available online at www.notulaebotanicae.ro Print ISSN 0255-965X; Electronic 1842-4309 Not. Bot. Hort. Agrobot. Cluj 38 (2) 2010, Special Issue, 147-151 Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca The Bioaccumulation of Some Heavy Metals in the Fruiting Body of Wild Growing Mushrooms Carmen Cristina ELEKES1) , Gabriela BUSUIOC1) , Gheorghe IONITA 2) 1) Valahia University of Targoviste, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnologies, Bd. Regele Carol I, no. 2, Romania; [email protected] 2) Valahia University of Targoviste, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Mechatronics and Robotics, Bd. Regele Carol I, no. 2, Romania Abstract Due to their effective mechanism of accumulation of heavy metals from soil, the macrofungi show high concentrations of metals in their fruiting body. According with this ability, the mushrooms can be used to evaluate and control the level of environmental pollution, but also represent danger for human ingestion. We analyzed some macrofungi species from a wooded area to establish the heavy metal concentrations and ability of bioaccumulation and translocation for Zn, Cu and Sn in fruiting body. The metallic content was established by the Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry method (ICP-AES). The minimal detection limits of method is 0.4 mg/kg for Zn and Cu and 0.6 mg/kg for Sn. Heavy metals concentrations in the fruiting body ranged between 6.98- 20.10 mg/kg for Zn (the higher value was for Tapinella atrotomentosa); 16.13-144.94 mg/kg for Cu (the higher value was for Hypholoma fasciculare); and 24.36-150.85 mg/kg for Sn (the higher value was for Paxillus involutus). -
Adaptability to Submerged Culture and Amtno Acid Contents of Certain Fleshy Fungi Common in Finland
Adaptability to submerged culture and amtno acid contents of certain fleshy fungi common in Finland Mar j a L i is a H a t t u l a and H . G. G y ll e n b e r g Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Finland The literature on the possibilities of sub must be considered when the suitability of merged culture of macrofungi is already fungi for submerged production is evaluated. voluminous. However, the interest has merely The present work concerns a collection of been restricted to the traditionally most va fungi common in Finland which have been lued fungi, particularly members of the gene investigated according to the criteria descri ra Agaricus and M orchella (HuMFELD, 1948, bed above. 1952, HuMFELD & SuGIHARA, 1949, 1952, Su GIHARA & HuMFELD, 1954, SzuEcs 1956, LITCHFIELD, 1964, 1967 a, b, LITCHFIELD & al., MATERIAL 1963) . The information obtainable from stu dies on these organisms is not especially en The material consisted of 33 species of fun couraging because the rate of biomass pro gi, 29 of which were obtained from the duction seems to be too low to compete fa Department of Silviculture, University of ,·ourably with other alternatives of single cell Helsinki, through the courtesy of Professor P. protein production (LITCHFIELD, 1967 a, b). Mikola and Mr. 0 . Laiho. Four species were On the other hand, the traditional use of fun isolated by the present authors by taking a gi as human food all over the world is a sterile piece of the fruiting body at the point significant reason for continued research on where the cap and the stem are joined and the submerged production o.f fungal mycel by transferring it on a slant of suitable agar. -
Comparative Mitogenome Analysis of Two Ectomycorrhizal Fungi (Paxillus
Li et al. IMA Fungus (2020) 11:12 https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-020-00038-8 IMA Fungus RESEARCH Open Access Comparative mitogenome analysis of two ectomycorrhizal fungi (Paxillus) reveals gene rearrangement, intron dynamics, and phylogeny of basidiomycetes Qiang Li1, Yuanhang Ren1, Dabing Xiang1, Xiaodong Shi1, Jianglin Zhao1, Lianxin Peng1,2* and Gang Zhao1* Abstract In this study, the mitogenomes of two Paxillus species were assembled, annotated and compared. The two mitogenomes of Paxillus involutus and P. rubicundulus comprised circular DNA molecules, with the size of 39,109 bp and 41,061 bp, respectively. Evolutionary analysis revealed that the nad4L gene had undergone strong positive selection in the two Paxillus species. In addition, 10.64 and 36.50% of the repetitive sequences were detected in the mitogenomes of P. involutus and P. rubicundulus, respectively, which might transfer between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Large-scale gene rearrangements and frequent intron gain/loss events were detected in 61 basidiomycete species, which revealed large variations in mitochondrial organization and size in Basidiomycota.In addition, the insertion sites of the basidiomycete introns were found to have a base preference. Phylogenetic analysis of the combined mitochondrial gene set gave identical and well-supported tree topologies, indicating that mitochondrial genes were reliable molecular markers for analyzing the phylogenetic relationships of Basidiomycota. This study is the first report on the mitogenomes of Paxillus, which will promote a better understanding of their contrasted ecological strategies, molecular evolution and phylogeny of these important ectomycorrhizal fungi and related basidiomycete species. Keywords: Basidiomycota, Boletales, Ectomycorrhizas, Gene rearrangement, Mitochondrial genome, Repeat INTRODUCTION coniferous and hardwood trees (Hedh et al. -
Toxic Fungi of Western North America
Toxic Fungi of Western North America by Thomas J. Duffy, MD Published by MykoWeb (www.mykoweb.com) March, 2008 (Web) August, 2008 (PDF) 2 Toxic Fungi of Western North America Copyright © 2008 by Thomas J. Duffy & Michael G. Wood Toxic Fungi of Western North America 3 Contents Introductory Material ........................................................................................... 7 Dedication ............................................................................................................... 7 Preface .................................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. 7 An Introduction to Mushrooms & Mushroom Poisoning .............................. 9 Introduction and collection of specimens .............................................................. 9 General overview of mushroom poisonings ......................................................... 10 Ecology and general anatomy of fungi ................................................................ 11 Description and habitat of Amanita phalloides and Amanita ocreata .............. 14 History of Amanita ocreata and Amanita phalloides in the West ..................... 18 The classical history of Amanita phalloides and related species ....................... 20 Mushroom poisoning case registry ...................................................................... 21 “Look-Alike” mushrooms ..................................................................................... -
Boletaceae), First Report of a Red-Pored Bolete
A peer-reviewed open-access journal MycoKeys 49: 73–97Neoboletus (2019) antillanus sp. nov. (Boletaceae), first report of a red-pored bolete... 73 doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.49.33185 RESEARCH ARTICLE MycoKeys http://mycokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Neoboletus antillanus sp. nov. (Boletaceae), first report of a red-pored bolete from the Dominican Republic and insights on the genus Neoboletus Matteo Gelardi1, Claudio Angelini2,3, Federica Costanzo1, Francesco Dovana4, Beatriz Ortiz-Santana5, Alfredo Vizzini4 1 Via Angelo Custode 4A, I-00061 Anguillara Sabazia, RM, Italy 2 Via Cappuccini 78/8, I-33170 Pordenone, Italy 3 National Botanical Garden of Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic 4 Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy 5 US Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Center for Forest Mycology Research, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA Corresponding author: Alfredo Vizzini ([email protected]) Academic editor: M.P. Martín | Received 18 January 2019 | Accepted 12 March 2019 | Published 29 March 2019 Citation: Gelardi M, Angelini C, Costanzo F, Dovana F, Ortiz-Santana B, Vizzini A (2019) Neoboletus antillanus sp. nov. (Boletaceae), first report of a red-pored bolete from the Dominican Republic and insights on the genus Neoboletus. MycoKeys 49: 73–97. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.49.33185 Abstract Neoboletus antillanus sp. nov. appears to be the only red-pored bolete known from the Dominican Repub- lic to date. It is reported as a novel species to science based on collections gathered in a neotropical lowland mixed broadleaved woodland. -
The Genus Leccinum (Boletaceae, Boletales) from China Based on Morphological and Molecular Data
Journal of Fungi Article The Genus Leccinum (Boletaceae, Boletales) from China Based on Morphological and Molecular Data Xin Meng 1,2,3, Geng-Shen Wang 1,2,3, Gang Wu 1,2, Pan-Meng Wang 1,2,3, Zhu L. Yang 1,2,* and Yan-Chun Li 1,2,* 1 Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; [email protected] (X.M.); [email protected] (G.-S.W.); [email protected] (G.W.); [email protected] (P.-M.W.) 2 Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China 3 College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (Z.L.Y.); [email protected] (Y.-C.L.) Abstract: Leccinum is one of the most important groups of boletes. Most species in this genus are ectomycorrhizal symbionts of various plants, and some of them are well-known edible mushrooms, making it an exceptionally important group ecologically and economically. The scientific problems related to this genus include that the identification of species in this genus from China need to be verified, especially those referring to European or North American species, and knowledge of the phylogeny and diversity of the species from China is limited. In this study, we conducted multi- locus (nrLSU, tef1-a, rpb2) and single-locus (ITS) phylogenetic investigations and morphological observisions of Leccinum from China, Europe and North America. -
Patterns of Ectomycorrhizal Host-Fungus Specificity in the Pacific Northwest
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Randolph John Molina for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Botany and Plant Pathology presented on December 17, 1980 Title: PATTERNS OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL HOST-FUNGUS SPECIFICITY IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: Dr. James M. Trappe Results from approximately 400 fungus-host pure culture inoculations indicate that specificity of ectomycorrhizal associations is a complex phenomenon and cannot be based solely on field observations of sporocarp-host associations. Of the numerous sporocarp-host specific fungi tested, most formed ectomycorrhizae with one or more unexpected, non-associated hosts. These results conclusively demonstrate that ectomycorrhizal fungi which produce sporocarps only with a specific host species or genus can still form mycorrhizae with other "non-asso- ciated" hosts. The ability to form ectomycorrhizae with various hosts is termed "ectomycorrhizal host potential". Some fungi, however, showed superior mycorrhizal development on their particular hosts over other non-associated hosts, indicating further specialization in those associations. A large group of fungi known for diverse sporocarp-host associa- tions showed wide ectomycorrhizal host potential by forming abundant, well developed ectomycorrhizae with all or most hosts. It's suggested that these fungi may share similar compatibility or recognition factors common to many ectomycorrhizal hosts thus allowing for diverse host associations. A spectrum from mycorrhizal generalists to specialists was seen among the hosts in their ability to form mycorrhizae with diverse fungi. The ericaceous hosts Arctostaphylos uva-ursi and Arbutus menziesii were broadly receptive towards the fungi, forming mycorrhizae with 25 of the 28 tested. This included most of the fungi which produce sporocarps only in association with specific conifers. -
MUSHROOMS of the OTTAWA NATIONAL FOREST Compiled By
MUSHROOMS OF THE OTTAWA NATIONAL FOREST Compiled by Dana L. Richter, School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI for Ottawa National Forest, Ironwood, MI March, 2011 Introduction There are many thousands of fungi in the Ottawa National Forest filling every possible niche imaginable. A remarkable feature of the fungi is that they are ubiquitous! The mushroom is the large spore-producing structure made by certain fungi. Only a relatively small number of all the fungi in the Ottawa forest ecosystem make mushrooms. Some are distinctive and easily identifiable, while others are cryptic and require microscopic and chemical analyses to accurately name. This is a list of some of the most common and obvious mushrooms that can be found in the Ottawa National Forest, including a few that are uncommon or relatively rare. The mushrooms considered here are within the phyla Ascomycetes – the morel and cup fungi, and Basidiomycetes – the toadstool and shelf-like fungi. There are perhaps 2000 to 3000 mushrooms in the Ottawa, and this is simply a guess, since many species have yet to be discovered or named. This number is based on lists of fungi compiled in areas such as the Huron Mountains of northern Michigan (Richter 2008) and in the state of Wisconsin (Parker 2006). The list contains 227 species from several authoritative sources and from the author’s experience teaching, studying and collecting mushrooms in the northern Great Lakes States for the past thirty years. Although comments on edibility of certain species are given, the author neither endorses nor encourages the eating of wild mushrooms except with extreme caution and with the awareness that some mushrooms may cause life-threatening illness or even death.