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Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment for The STAGE 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED NORTH GLENGARRY REGIONAL WATER SUPPLY PROJECT CLASS EA VARIOUS LOTS GEOGRAPHIC TOWNSHIPS OF KENYON AND CHARLOTTENBURG FORMER COUNTY OF GLENGARRY AND GEOGRAPHIC TOWNSHIP OF CORNWALL FORMER COUNTY OF STORMONT NOW IN THE TOWNSHIPS OF NORTH AND SOUTH GLENGARRY CURRENT UNITED COUNTIES OF STORMONT, DUNDAS AND GLENGARRY PAST RECOVERY ARCHAEOLOGICAL SERVICES STAGE 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT FOR THE NORTH GLENGARRY REGIONAL WATER SUPPLY PROJECT CLASS EA, VARIOUS LOTS, GEO. TOWNSHIPS OF KENYON AND CHARLOTTENBURG, FORMER COUNTY OF GLENGARRY, AND GEO. TOWNSHIP OF CORNWALL, FORMER COUNTY OF STORMONT, NOW IN THE TOWNSHIPS OF NORTH AND SOUTH GLENGARRY, CURRENT UNITED COUNTIES OF S, D & G Prepared for: Andre Bourque, P. Eng. Project Manager with CH2M HILL Canada Limited 1011 Prince of Wales Drive, Suite 330 Ottawa, Ontario K2C 3W7 Phone: (613) 723-0233 ext.73106 Fax: (613) 723-7489 E-mail: [email protected] Re: Municipal Class Environmental Assessment, Schedule C (Phase 5) Prepared by: Daniel Goss, B.A. Past Recovery Archaeological Services 4534 Bolingbroke Road, R.R. #3 Maberly, Ontario K0H 2B0 Phone/Fax: 613-268-2426 E-mail: [email protected] PRAS Project No.: PR12-28 Licensee: Jeff Earl, Licence P031 Principal Past Recovery Archaeological Services P.I.F. No.: P031-071-2012 Date: January 25th, 2013 Original report Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment North Glengarry Regional Water Supply EA Past Recovery Archaeological Services ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Property permission and logistical support was provided by Mr. Andre Bourque, P. Eng., Project Manager with CH2M HILL Canada Limited. Mr. Curtis Lazore, Researcher, Aboriginal Rights and Research Office, Mohawk Council of Akwesasne, provided valuable input regarding First Nations concerns related to archaeological resources within the study areas. Project Personnel Project Manager /Licence Holder: Jeff Earl, M.Soc.Sc. (P031) Field Director: Daniel Goss, M.A. (R315) Field Crew: Ramsay Mcfie Shyong En Pan Whitney Moyle Don Jacobs Artifact Processing: Shyong En Pan Whitney Moyle Artifact Inventory: Whitney Moyle Artifact Photography: Shyong En Pan Draughting: Jeff Earl Report Writing: Daniel Goss Report Review: Jeff Earl ii Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment North Glengarry Regional Water Supply EA Past Recovery Archaeological Services EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Past Recovery Archaeological Services (PRAS) was retained by CH2M Hill to undertake a Stage 2 archaeological assessment of the portions of three spatially discrete properties determined to have archaeological potential during the previous Stage 1 study by PRAS (Cleland 2013; PIF P031-060-2012). The three study areas were located in Maxville (Part Lot 8, Concession 17, in the geographic Township of Kenyon), in Martintown (Part Lot 27, Concession 1 North Side Raisin River and Part Lot 26, Concession 1 South Side Raisin River, in the geographic Township of Charlottenburg) and along an unmaintained section of Cashion Road (between Part Lot 26, Second or Third Range South Side Raisin River, Part Lots 1 and 2, Concession 3 Indian Lands and Part Lot 2, Concession 4 Indian Lands, in the geographic Township of Charlottenburg) (see Figures 1 to 4). All selected areas determined to have archaeological potential in the Stage 1 study were shovel tested at five metre intervals to determine if archaeological resources were present. The Stage 2 assessment determined that there were no archaeological resources in the Maxville and Cashion Road study areas or in the Martintown study area north of the Raisin River. Historic archaeological resources, however, were found to the south of the Raisin River along both Crossing Alternative A and Crossing Alternative B, in the form of an ash deposit containing artifacts dating from the 1830s to the 1850s. The ash layer may have been deposited as part of a public works program to construct a levy along the river or to build up the road allowance. This deposit and the associated artifacts may have cultural value or interest, thus further archaeological assessment is required if either Crossing Alternate A or Crossing Alternative B is selected as the preferred pipeline route. iii Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment North Glengarry Regional Water Supply EA Past Recovery Archaeological Services This report forms the basis for the following recommendations: 1) No further archaeological assessment is required in either the Maxville or Cashion Road study areas as currently defined (see Figures 2 and 4). 2) No further archaeological assessment is required along Crossing Alternative A or Crossing Alternative B to the north of the Raisin River in the Martintown study area (see Figure 77). 3) Should either Crossing Alternative A or Crossing Alternative B in the Martintown study area be selected as the preferred route for the pipeline a Stage 3 archaeological assessment is required to the south of the Raisin River where archaeological resources were found, to determine whether these resources have cultural heritage value or interest (see Figure 77). This would involve the excavation of one metre square units on a five metre grid across the area of positive test pits. And to reiterate from the findings of the Stage 1 report (Cleland 2013): 4) No further archaeological assessment is required for the Potential Pump Station Site West, Potential Pump Station Site East and Crossing Alternative C in Martintown and Tollgate Road /Service Road Transmission Main Route Option study areas, as defined in the Stage 1 report (Cleland 2013). The reader is also referred to Section 5.0 below to ensure compliance with the Ontario Heritage Act as it may relate to this project. iv Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment North Glengarry Regional Water Supply EA Past Recovery Archaeological Services Table of Contents Page No. Acknowledgements ii Project Personnel ii Executive Summary iii List of Illustrations vii List of Tables x 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Project Context 2 2.1 Development Context 2 2.2 Access Permission 4 3.0 Summary of Stage 1 Archaeological Assessment 5 3.1 Historical Context 5 3.1.1 Previous Historical Research 5 3.1.2 Cultural Overview 5 3.1.3 Regional Post Contact Cultural Overview 8 3.1.4 Property Specific History 13 3.2 Archaeological Context 21 3.2.1 Previously Recorded Archaeological Sites 21 3.2.2 Previous Archaeological Research 21 3.2.3 Identified Local Cultural Heritage Resources 23 3.2.4 Heritage Plaques/Monuments 23 3.2.5 Cemeteries 23 3.2.6 Local Environment 24 3.2.7 Site Inspection 26 3.3 Archaeological Potential 27 3.3.1 Determination of Archaeological Potential 27 3.3.2 Stage 1 Recommendations 34 4.0 Stage 2 Assessment 36 4.1 Fieldwork Methodology 36 4.2 Fieldwork Results 38 4.3 Analysis and Conclusions 43 4.4 Stage 2 Recommendations 44 5.0 Advice on Compliance with Legislation 45 v Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment North Glengarry Regional Water Supply EA Past Recovery Archaeological Services Table of Contents (Continued) Page No. 6.0 Limitations and Closure 46 7.0 References 47 8.0 Illustrations (Maps and Images) 59 Appendix 1: Photographic Catalogue 122 Appendix 2: Artifact Catalogue 125 Appendix 3: Glossary of Archaeological Terms 141 vi Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment North Glengarry Regional Water Supply EA Past Recovery Archaeological Services List of Illustrations Figure No. Page No. 1 Locations of the three study areas 59 2 Location of the selected Tank Site at Maxville 60 3 Locations of Crossing Alternative A and Crossing Alternative B at 61 Martintown 4 Location of the Transmission Main Route on Cashion Road 62 5 Potential Tank Site Alternative Locations in Maxville 63 6 Potential Tank Site Alternative Locations in Maxville 64 7 Potential Pump Station Sites and Crossing Alternatives in Martintown 65 8 Potential Pump Station Sites and Crossing Alternatives in Martintown 66 9 Location of the Tollgate Road/Service Road Transmission Main Route 67 Option 10 Segment of the 1862 H. F. Walling map of the Counties of Stormont, 68 Dundas, and Glengarry showing the Potential Tank Site Alternative Locations in Maxville 11 Segment of the 1879 H. Belden map of Kenyon Township showing the 69 Potential Tank Site Alternative Locations in Maxville 12 Segment of a pre-1946 topographic map showing the Potential Tank Site 70 Alternative Locations in Maxville 13 Segment of a 1946 aerial photograph showing the Potential Tank Site 71 Alternative Locations in Maxville 14 Segment of the 1862 H. F. Walling map of Martintown showing showing 72 Potential Pump Station Sites and Crossing Alternatives 15 Segment of the 1879 H. Belden map of Martintown showing Potential 73 Pump Station Sites and Crossing Alternatives 16 Goad’s Fire Insurance Plan of Martintown, 1885, showing Crossing 74 Alternative C 17 Segment of a 1937 topographic map showing Potential Pump Station Sites 75 and Crossing Alternatives in Martintown 18 Segment of a 1946 aerial photograph showing Potential Pump Station Sites 76 and Crossing Alternatives in Martintown 19 Segment of a 1953 topographic map showing Potential Pump Station Sites 77 and Crossing Alternatives in Martintown 20 Segment of a 1969 aerial photograph showing Potential Pump Station Sites 78 and Crossing Alternatives in Martintown 21 Segment of the 1862 H. F. Walling map of the Counties of Stormont, 79 Dundas, and Glengarry showing the Transmission Main Route on Cashion Road vii Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment North Glengarry Regional Water Supply EA Past Recovery Archaeological Services List of Illustrations (Continued) Figure No. Page No. 22 Segment of the 1879
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