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1) by HENRI CORDIER, Professor at the Ecole

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1) by HENRI CORDIER, Professor at the Ecole BIBLIOGRAPHIE. HALF A DECADE OF CHINESE STUDIES (1888-1891) 1) BY HENRI CORDIER, Professorat the Ecole des Langues Orientalesvivantes, Paris. None but a bibliographer can have an exact idea of the enorm- ous literary and scientific production having China as its object. In my Bibliotheca S'inica 2), published between the years 1878-1885, I tried to give a complete survey of the immense field of researches on China. It is a little over five years since, and I have in print a supplement, a volume in itself, which shows more than any other fact the important place taken nowadays by studies not only of a scientific interest, but equally indispensable to commerce and politics. Moreover, in these studies, the revolution foreseen long ago by us, has occurred. Formerly, sinologists were divided into two camps: Sinologists de chambre, sinologists at home, of the type of Sta- nislas Julien, who never went out to the East, and did not speak a word of Chinese, were supposed more scientific; the practical sinologist in China was generally considered but an interpreter. Times have however changed. On the one hand, the return 1) Read at the Ninth International Congressof Orientalists, held in London (1891). 2) BzblintleecaSinica - Dictionnairebibliographique des otivragesrelatifs h I'cmpire chinoispar Henri Cordier..... Paris, Ernest Leroux, 1878-1883, 2 vol. large 8vo. 533 home of many scholars such as the glorious veterans, the Rev. James Legge and Sir Thomas F. Wade; on the other, the facilities. of intercommunication between the East and the West, have brought to an end a distinction which ought not in fact to exist in the study of a living language. Henceforth, it will be necessary for Chinese scholars to be acquainted with both sides of the question and add to a practical knowledge, gained in China, the scientific training obtained at home. Indeed, if China has been drawn now into the general circle of international politics, the Chinese language, thanks to philological researches, is no more isolated in the immense field of the spoken languages of the world, whilst archeology and especially epigraphy and numismatics, till lately neglected or in- sufficiently cared for, have brought new light on many historical problems hitherto unsolved. , Before I exhibit the result of the labour accomplished during the past few years, I would record first a few losses, some of which are very severe. Our greatest loss is Doctor Samuel Wells Williams', the illus- trious author of the Syllccl?io I)i(?tio?i(try of tlze C7ai??ese He was born on Sept. 22, 1812, and died 16th Febr. 1884; his name therefore does not come directly within the limits of this summary, so that I will only refer my readers to the excellent and touching biography of this learned man, written by his son 1) A Syllabic Dictionaryof the Chinese Language; arrangedaccording to the WÚ-fang yuen ,yin, with the pronunciationof the characters as heard in Peeking,Canton, Amoy and Shanghai, by S. Wells Williams, LL. D. Shanghai, AmericanPresbyterian Mission Press. 1874, 4to, 3 col., pp. lxxxiv-1252. 2) The Life and Letters of SamuelWells Williams, LL. D. Missionary,Diplomatist, Sinologue, by his son Frederick Wells Williams. New-Yorkand London, G. P. Pntnam's Sons, The KnickerhockerPress, 1SS9, bvo. 534 Next to Williams, comes Alexander Wylie, the well-known author of Notes on Clainese Literature, born in London on the 6th of April 1815, who died at Hampstead, on the 6th of February 1887. I have elsewhere given a full notice of my late friend When Count Kleczkowski died on the 23rd of March 1886, owing to unforeseen circumstances M. Maurice Jametel, formerly student- interpreter at Peking, was appointed first as charge du cours of the Chinese Language at the Ecole des Langues Orientales vivantes in Paris, and afterwards as professor on the 23d of January 1889. He died shortly after, on the 17th of May. M. Maurice Louis Marie Jametel was born at Montrouge near Paris on the llth of June 1856. We give at foot the list of his publications 2). M. Ga- briel Dev6ria now fills this chair. 1) The Life and Laboursof AlexanderWylie, Agent of the British and Foreign Bible Society in China. A Memoir. By M. Henri Cordier, Professorat the Ecole des Langues OrientalesVivantes and Ecole des SciencesPolitiques, Paris [From tie "Journal of the Royal AsiaticSociety of Grcat Britain and Ireland", Vol. XIX, Part. 3.] ppt. 8vo, pp. 18. - In Memoriam.- AlexanderWylie par Henri Cordier. 6 Fevrier 1887. Paris, Maison- neuve et Charles Leclerc,1888. ppt. 8vo, pp. 6. 2) L'6pigraphicchinoise au Tibet, Ire partie. P6kin, 1880. - L'encre de Chine, son histoire et sa fabrication.Paris, 1882. - La politiquereligieuse de 1'Occidenten Chine. Paris, 1884. - La Cor6eavant les trait6s (Souvenirsde voyage).Paris, 1885. - La Chine inconnue(Souvenirs d'un collectionneur).Paris, 1886. - Emailleursp6kinois. Genève, 1886. - Documentsa 1'nsage des 61?vesde 1'Ecoledes langues orientales(2 fascicules).Paris, 1887-1888. - Pekin (Souvenirsde l'E1npire du Milieu). Paris, 1887. - Inscription comm6morativedu meurtre de deux ambassadeurschinois au Tibet. Paris, 1887. - La métallurgieen Chine. Paris, 1888. Articlesin l'Economistefra7a?ais :La Corge,ses ressources, son avenir commercial (1881). - La monnaie en Chine et le commerceeurGp6eD dans 1'extr?meOrient (1881). - Les douanes intgricureset le commerceetranger en Chine ( 1881).- De 1'etablissementd'une monnaie dans la Cochinchinefrangaise (1882). - Les associationsen Chine (1882). - La nouvelleconvention commerciale de 1881 entre la Chine et 1'Allemagne(1882). - Le commercede 1'opium(1882). - La Chine et les puissancesciir(,p6enues: le trait6 de 1881 avec la Russie (1882). - Lepercement de la presqu'ile de Malaccaet la Cochinchine française(1882). - Le mouvementcommercial dans 1']Ddeanglaise en 1881 et la r6forme douaniere(1882). - Le Japon et les puissanceseuropeennes; la revisiondes traites (1882). 535 Two veterans have also disappeared during the half last decade, Wilhelm Schott, of Berlin, born at Mentz, 3d of September 1807, and August Pfizmaier of Vienna. The names of both will still be fí\rlllrl in ±he fí\llí\winO"--'0 fiR t,hpv wrot,p (o t,hpv--- hRL PcnPr.,. ially the latter, who was an active contributor to the Comptes-Rendus of the philosophical-historical section of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. A mere enumeration of the works published by these two indefatigable scholars, would require many pages. It is given in my BibLiotlaeca Si7iica. John Francis Davis, the last link between the old and the new school of sinologists, between ancient and modern China, was born on the 16th of July, 1795, his father being an official of the East- India Company and a member of the mission sent to Tibet by Warren Hastings. When eighteen years old, Davis was appointed writer to the Canton Factory of the E. India Company; in 1816 with Robert Morrison, he went to Peking with Lord Amherst's unlucky embassy an account of which he left under the title: Scenes in exlaibiting the Manners, Customs, Diversions, and singular peculiarities I,a Cordeet les puissanceseuropéennes (1882). - Les projets de voiesferrées entre I'Eu- rope et les Indes (1882). - T,es débouehésnouveaux du commerceeuropéen en Chine (1882). - Le commerceextérieur de la Chine en 1881 ; son present et son avenir (1882). - Le Bulletin consulairefrançais et les Blue- Booksanglais (18S3).- Une nouvelleco- lonie anglaiseen Océanie;l'ile de Born6o(1883). - L'industrie des transports maritimes dans 1'extremeOrient (1883). -- Le diŒérendfranco-chinois (1883). - Les douaneschi- noiseset l'Annam (1883). Les int6r?ts éeonomiquesde la France en Cochinchine (1883). - Le nouveautrait6 franco-annamite(1883). - Le commerceextérieur de la Chineen 1882 (1883). - Apcrgii historique de la questiondu Tonkin (1883). - Les métauxpr6cieux en Angleterreet aux Indes en 1883 (1884). - L'émancipationpolitique de l'lnde anglaise (1884). -- Les intérêts 6conomiquesde la France en Chine (1884). - I.e Miiiist6redes Affairesétrangères et le Foreign Office(1884). - La France dans 1'extremeOrient et le trait6 de Tien-Tsin(1884). - L'Inde anglaiseen 1884 (1885). Histoire de la pacificationdn Tibet par Iiien.long. (Revuede l'extrflnieOrient, T. 1. IS82). - Sundry articles in the Revuede G60graphiiide L. Drapeyron,in the Philosophic positive, in the Revue saiLse,in the Journal de Genève,etc. (Recueilde 1'Ecoledes Lan- gues urientales, 536 of the Chinese .... including the lno8t i??te??esting ?artic°?clczrs in Lord Amherst's recent Embassy (Lond., s. a., l2mo). In 1832, he became President of the Select Committee of the East-India Company at Canton, and he continued in that office till Lord Napier's Mission. When Napier died, in October 1834, Davis took his place as superintendent of the British trade at Canton. Later on, Davis, who had returned to England during the Opium War, replaced Sir Henry Pottinger (Febr. 1844) as chief superintendent of the British trade in China, and as Governor of Hongkong, which had just been ceded to Great Britain by the treaty of Nanking (29th Aug. 1842). During his administration, the Chusan islands were surrendered by the English to the Chinese. After some troubles with the Celestials (Fat-shan), Davis left China for the last time (1848) and settled near Bristol, where he died on the 13th November 1890 at Hollywood Tower, Westbury-on-Trym. In 1876, Davis was made a Doctor honoris causa of the Oxford University, where he founded a Chinese Scholarship 1), the particulars of which I give in a foot-note. 1) Davis Chinese Scholarship. "This Scholarshipis awarded for proficiencyin the Chineselanguage and literature. The stipend is £ 45 (after 189. E 40) a year, payable terminally.The Scholarshipis open to all membersof the Universitywho, on the diy of election,have not exceeded the twenty-eighthTerm from their matriculation.The Scholar is electedby the Vice-Chancellor, the President of Corpus Christi College (or, if the President be Vice-Chancellor,the Senior Pro-Vice-Chancellor)and , the Professor of Chinese, after an examinationheld by such personsas they may appoint for that purpose, the Professorhimself being always one of the Examiners.
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