DOCSLIB.ORG

'Where We Would Extend the Moral

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
'Where We Would Extend the Moral ‘WHERE WE WOULD EXTEND THE MORAL POWER OF OUR CIVILIZATION’: AMERICAN CULTURAL AND POLITICAL FOREIGN RELATIONS WITH CHINA, 1843-1856 A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Mathew T. Brundage December 2015 © Copyright All rights reserved Except for previously published materials Dissertation written by Mathew T. Brundage B.A., Capital University, 2005 M.A., Kent State University, 2007 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2015 Approved by ________________________________ Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Mary Ann Heiss, Ph.D. ________________________________ Kevin Adams, Ph.D. ________________________________ Gang Zhao, Ph.D. ________________________________ James Tyner, Ph.D. Accepted by ________________________________ Chair, Department of History Kenneth Bindas, Ph.D. ________________________________ Dean, College of Arts and Sciences James L. Blank, Ph.D. TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………….. iii LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………... iv PREFACE ………………………………………………………………... vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………….. vii INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………… 1 CHAPTERS I. Chapter 1: China as Mystery ……………………………… 30 II. Chapter 2: China as Opportunity ..………………………… 84 III. Chapter 3: China as a Flawed Empire………………………146 IV. Chapter 4: China as a Threat ………………………………. 217 V. Chapter 5: Redefining “Success” in the Sino-American Relationship ……………………………………………….. 274 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………….. 317 APPENDIX………………………………………………………………… 323 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………….. 326 iii List of Figures Figure 1 – “Chinese City”………………………………………………….. 44 Figure 2 – “Amoy – One of the five ports opened by the late treaties to foreign commerce”…………………………………………. 44 Figure 3 – “The Emperor of China”……………………………………...... 50 Figure 4 – “Mandarin receiving seals of office from the Emperor”……….. 50 Figure 5 – “Itinerant Fruit Seller”………………………………………….. 52 Figure 6 – “Chinese Barber”……………………………………………….. 52 Figure 7 – “Chinese Ploughing. Macao”………………………………….... 52 Figure 8 – “Untitled” image of a Tanka woman …………………………… 53 Figure 9 – “The Chinese Family”…………………………………………… 55 Figure 10 – “Sampan Girl” …………………………………………………. 56 Figure 11 – “Head of a Chinese girl” ………………………………………. 56 Figure 12 – Barnum Broadside……………………………………………… 58 Figure 13 – “Dog Seller” …………………………………………………… 67 Figure 14 – “Stages of Society” ……………………………………………. 71 Figure 15 – “The Cobbler and his Movable Workshop” …………………… 95 Figure 16 – “Irrigating”……………………………………………………… 95 Figure 17 – “The Annual Spring Festival” …………………………………. 97 Figure 18 – “Dr. Lin’s Celestial Balm”……………………………………… 107 Figure 19 – “Chinese School”……………………………………………….. 122 Figure 20 – “Domestic Scene – Ladies at their usual Employments”……….. 140 Figure 21 – “Chinese Lady”…………………………………………………. 140 Figure 22 – “Infantry Soldier”……………………………………………….. 173 Figure 23 – “Military Officer”………………………………………………. 173 Figure 24 – “Chinese Soldier”………………………………………………. 173 Figure 25 – “Foot of an Ancient Chinese Lady/Foot of a Modern Chinese Lady” 184 Figure 26 – “Appearance of the bones of a foot when compressed”………... 185 iv Figure 27 – “Cramped Foot and Shoe”……………………………………… 185 Figure 28 – “Chinese Tomb”………………………………………………… 206 Figure 29 – “Chinese Fortune-Teller”……………………………………….. 209 Figure 30 – “Tricks played with the queue”………………………………… 259 Figure 31 – “Mode of exposure in the Cangue”…………………………….. 259 Figure 32 – “Tract Distribution among the Chinese”……………………….. 290 Figure 33 – “Leang Afa, the Chinese Evangelist”…………………………... 298 v PREFACE: A NOTE ON TRANSLITERATION Americans in the middle of the nineteenth century did not employ any official or standardized methodology for transliterating Chinese characters into English, causing much consternation for historians ever since. As such, Chinese names, places, and words were written in a variety of combinations that roughly phonetically sounded similar to the pronunciation of the character, but without regard to regional and dialectical differences. For instance, Peiping, Peking, Pekin, and Beipin were all given as spellings for the capital of China within the source materials. For the sake of clarity and employing what has become somewhat standard convention, I have used Pinyin romanisation in reference to any specific names, places, or ideas throughout the dissertation. In instances where text is quoted, the original spelling will be maintained with the current Pinyin transliteration following in brackets. Nevertheless, places and names with commonly accepted or understood spellings that do not conform to modern Mandarin romanisation conventions, like Hong Kong [Xianggang] or Canton [Guangdong], will be used to maintain consistency with the original sources. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The route to this dissertation has been circuitous to say the least. A passing chance to take a course in Chinese history as an undergraduate, combined with my existing interest in the history of the British Empire, led me to what I found to be a fascinating period of time in the shared history of both of these nations: The Opium Wars. Understanding British reactions to their role in these conflicts became the cornerstone of my master’s thesis. While deciding to return to academia to complete a PhD, I realized that even less had been written about Americans living in China during the same chronological period. Having lived in China during the run-up to the 2008 Olympics, what struck me was that the public representations of China and the Chinese people in American media sources – that China was a vast country, with a huge population, and that American’s really did not (or even could not) understand their history and culture – could have been written over a century and a half prior and not been out of place within the dominant narrative. And so after a few tentative research steps in various writing seminars, my research agenda took shape and I delved as deeply as possible into the archives. Archivists at the Manuscripts Division of the Library of Congress, the Massachusetts Historical Society, and the Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library and the Divinity School Library at Yale University proved to be invaluable in helping to identify and retrieve boxes of letters and a seemingly countless number of microfilm reels. Special thanks to Martha Smalley, curator of Special Collections at the Divinity Library, for helping me to navigate the labyrinthine and overlapping collections of Yale’s various, extensive archives. In addition, many thanks to the often unnamed champions of modern historical research – the librarians and archivists who have and continue to digitize materials. Without their work, locating many of my primary sources would have been infinitely more difficult. vii The number of debts I owe to friends, colleagues, faculty, and family for their professional and moral support cannot be done justice in a few lines. Matthew Phillips, Sarah O’Keefe Zabic, Bryan Kvet, Jeffrey O’Leary, Emily Wicks, Erika Briesacher, and Denise Jenison at one time or another read, edited, and/or acted as a sounding board for whatever ideas were bouncing around my head. They also tolerated and sometimes incited endless recitations of Eddie Izzard’s famous rejoinder: “Do you have a flag?” Many thanks to Gang Zhao, James Tyner, and Kevin Adams for serving on my dissertation committee, and especially for Dr. Adam’s near encyclopedic historiographic knowledge – serving as a consistent reminder to keep my work connected to the work of others. The greatest thanks in terms of the finished product goes to Ann Heiss, the director of my dissertation project. Her insightful and at times brutally direct editing helped to guide me over these many years. Of course, any and all errors or omissions are my own. Thanks to my sisters Crista and Martha and their families, my grandparents Thomas and Mary, to my other grandparents Robert and Patricia (both recently passed). They have been steadfast supporters of my interest in history in every way possible. Many thanks to my parents Tom and Joan, who helped their nerdy son figure out what he wanted to do in the world and always encouraged me to look for the answers wherever in the world they may be. And, of course, to my husband Bryan – who had the bad luck of meeting a graduate student right before comprehensive exams and has stuck with me for some reason ever since. He has helped keep me grounded and focused during the entire dissertation writing process – from bouts of writers block to late night brainstorming. My gratitude for his support knows no bounds. viii Introduction “I considered that China is a country as distant as any other; that it is as diverse from ours as any; that the people are as much our antipodes in dress, customs, religion, &c., as in their geographical position.” – Benjamin Ball, M.D.1 If one can categorize the narratives that resulted from U.S. interaction with China in the mid-nineteenth century, the account of Dr. Benjamin Ball of Boston, Massachusetts is, if anything, fairly unsurprising. Ball’s stated goal was a mix of personal adventure and professional proselytization, an attempt to explore the unknown while expounding the value of American medical practices to the Chinese. The period between the First and Second Opium Wars (1843-1856) saw a flowering of American discourse on the topics of China and the Chinese as a result of increased access, increased trade, and increased opportunities for publication, and Ball’s Rambles in Eastern Asia fits neatly within
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Kelly Carlin to Host New Show on Siriusxm
    Kelly Carlin to Host New Show on SiriusXM "The Kelly Carlin Show," the new monthly show on Raw Dog Comedy and Carlin's Corner channels to launch with special guest Robin Williams NEW YORK, Feb. 9, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Sirius XM Radio (NASDAQ: SIRI) announced today that Kelly Carlin, daughter of George Carlin, one of the most influential comedians of all time, will host a new monthly show on Raw Dog Comedy, channel 99, and on Carlin's Corner, the new 24/7 channel devoted to George Carlin, channel 400. (Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20101014/NY82093LOGO ) Each month, The Kelly Carlin Show will feature Kelly interviewing a different comedian, stand-up comedy, personal stories and memories about her legendary and beloved father. The monthly show will kick off with a revealing conversation with special guest Robin Williams, during which the two will discuss Williams' experience on The Richard Pryor Show and Mork & Mindy, what it takes to be an actor versus a stand-up comedian and Williams' thoughts on the end of the world. The Kelly Carlin Show will premiere on Sunday, February 12 at 7:00 pm ET and will air the first Sunday of every month on Raw Dog Comedy, channel 99. The Kelly Carlin Show will also air the first Monday of every month at 8:00 pm ET on Carlin's Corner, channel 400. Upcoming episodes are scheduled to feature conversations with special guests Eddie Izzard, Lewis Black and Chris Hardwick. SiriusXM Raw Dog Comedy features uncensored comedy from the edge: classic comedy, the hottest new stand-ups and original shows.
    [Show full text]
  • © 2013 Yi-Ling Lin
    © 2013 Yi-ling Lin CULTURAL ENGAGEMENT IN MISSIONARY CHINA: AMERICAN MISSIONARY NOVELS 1880-1930 BY YI-LING LIN DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Comparative Literature in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2013 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral committee: Professor Waïl S. Hassan, Chair Professor Emeritus Leon Chai, Director of Research Professor Emeritus Michael Palencia-Roth Associate Professor Robert Tierney Associate Professor Gar y G. Xu Associate Professor Rania Huntington, University of Wisconsin at Madison Abstract From a comparative standpoint, the American Protestant missionary enterprise in China was built on a paradox in cross-cultural encounters. In order to convert the Chinese—whose religion they rejected—American missionaries adopted strategies of assimilation (e.g. learning Chinese and associating with the Chinese) to facilitate their work. My dissertation explores how American Protestant missionaries negotiated the rejection-assimilation paradox involved in their missionary work and forged a cultural identification with China in their English novels set in China between the late Qing and 1930. I argue that the missionaries’ novelistic expression of that identification was influenced by many factors: their targeted audience, their motives, their work, and their perceptions of the missionary enterprise, cultural difference, and their own missionary identity. Hence, missionary novels may not necessarily be about conversion, the missionaries’ primary objective but one that suggests their resistance to Chinese culture, or at least its religion. Instead, the missionary novels I study culminate in a non-conversion theme that problematizes the possibility of cultural assimilation and identification over ineradicable racial and cultural differences.
    [Show full text]
  • The Western Lives of American Missionary Women in China (1860-1920)
    CONVERT BUT NOT CONVERTED: THE WESTERN LIVES OF AMERICAN MISSIONARY WOMEN IN CHINA (1860-1920) A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of The School of Continuing Studies and of The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Liberal Studies By Caroline Hearn Fuchs, M.I.A. Georgetown University Washington, D.C. March 31, 2014 CONVERT BUT NOT CONVERTED: THE WESTERN LIVES OF AMERICAN MISSIONARY WOMEN IN CHINA (1860-1920) Caroline Hearn Fuchs, M.I.A. MALS Mentor: Kazuko Uchimura, Ph.D. ABSTRACT Kate Roberts Hearn was buried in a Shanghai cemetery in 1891, a short four years after her acceptance into the Women’s Missionary Service of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. In 1873, Charlotte “Lottie” Moon left for a new life in China as a single missionary woman. She served in that country for nearly 40 years, dying aboard ship on a final return voyage to the United States. Both women left their American homes expecting to convert the people of an alien land to Christianity. They also arrived in China prepared to maintain their Western rituals and comforts, which effectively separated them from the Chinese and cultivated a sense of the “Other.” In this way, missionary women came to convert, but were not converted themselves. Missionary communities, specifically missionary women, vigorously sought to maintain domestic and work lifestyles anchored in Western culture. The rise of “domesticity” in the nineteenth century gave women an influential role as a graceful redeemer, able to transform “heathens” by demonstrating civilized values of a Christian home, complete with Western elements of cleanliness, companionable marriage, and the paraphernalia of Victorian life, such as pianos in the parlor.
    [Show full text]
  • Markets Not Capitalism Explores the Gap Between Radically Freed Markets and the Capitalist-Controlled Markets That Prevail Today
    individualist anarchism against bosses, inequality, corporate power, and structural poverty Edited by Gary Chartier & Charles W. Johnson Individualist anarchists believe in mutual exchange, not economic privilege. They believe in freed markets, not capitalism. They defend a distinctive response to the challenges of ending global capitalism and achieving social justice: eliminate the political privileges that prop up capitalists. Massive concentrations of wealth, rigid economic hierarchies, and unsustainable modes of production are not the results of the market form, but of markets deformed and rigged by a network of state-secured controls and privileges to the business class. Markets Not Capitalism explores the gap between radically freed markets and the capitalist-controlled markets that prevail today. It explains how liberating market exchange from state capitalist privilege can abolish structural poverty, help working people take control over the conditions of their labor, and redistribute wealth and social power. Featuring discussions of socialism, capitalism, markets, ownership, labor struggle, grassroots privatization, intellectual property, health care, racism, sexism, and environmental issues, this unique collection brings together classic essays by Cleyre, and such contemporary innovators as Kevin Carson and Roderick Long. It introduces an eye-opening approach to radical social thought, rooted equally in libertarian socialism and market anarchism. “We on the left need a good shake to get us thinking, and these arguments for market anarchism do the job in lively and thoughtful fashion.” – Alexander Cockburn, editor and publisher, Counterpunch “Anarchy is not chaos; nor is it violence. This rich and provocative gathering of essays by anarchists past and present imagines society unburdened by state, markets un-warped by capitalism.
    [Show full text]
  • SUPERHEROES Maritheresa F
    más+menos student magazine fall 2011 seville study center SUPERHEROES Maritheresa F. Frain: Director of the CIEE Study Center in Seville Oscar CEballos: Coordinator, editor, and graphic designer. Resident Editor’s Note Director of the Communication, New Media and Journalism program Oscar Ceballos Eduardo DEL CAMPO: Final editor of contents, staff reporter from El Mundo Gloria MARTÍNEZ: Coordination of University of Seville students and revision of English-Spanish translations Superman wore a cape Lauren SIEBEN: Revision of texts in English and editor assistant más+menos student magazine apes may be normal in Krypton, but on worse, once people get used to them, they’re and respect. After all, they’re just an exagger- fall 2011 Cplanet Earth they’re kind of weird. taken for granted. ated version of us. www.ciee.org/masmenos In one of my favourite absurd dialogues All superheroes are gifted—or cursed— In the pages of más+menos 17, we’ve tried seville study center from the iconic ‘90s sitcom “Seinfeld,” George with some sort of superpower, and they won’t to cover the whole superhero spectrum, even Constanza, the plump, middle-aged maniac be left alone until they put it to what the gener- including the cursed ones. We have stories played by Jason Alexander, gets quite upset al consensus thinks might be a good use. That about stars that once shined brightly, iconic when he realizes that his parents are planning is why, utterly disappointed by our selfishness, figures who died young, brave bullfighters who to divorce. As an only child, the mere idea many superheroes end up venturing into the become pathologically shy out of the spot- contents of having to celebrate two separate Thanks- dark side.
    [Show full text]
  • Reflections on Discrimination
    WERTHEIMER_POST AUTHOR EDIT.DOC 2/26/2007 1:23:23 PM Reflections on Discrimination ALAN WERTHEIMER* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 945 II. DISCRIMINATION................................................................................................ 947 A. The Rhetoric of Discrimination................................................................ 947 B. What Makes Discrimination Wrong?....................................................... 948 C. How Wrong Is Discrimination? ............................................................... 951 D. Mating as Discrimination ........................................................................ 957 III. REACTION QUALIFICATION REVISITED ............................................................... 959 A. Laundering Preferences........................................................................... 969 B. Public and Private ................................................................................... 972 C. Perfectionism ........................................................................................... 975 I. INTRODUCTION I take it that my principal qualification for being asked to participate in the workshop that gave rise to this paper is that I published an article, Jobs, Qualifications, and Preferences (JQP) in 1983, in which I discussed an issue that had not received sufficient attention.1 Arguments for affirmative action frequently appealed to the social and psychological
    [Show full text]
  • ANTI-AUTHORITARIAN INTERVENTIONS in DEMOCRATIC THEORY by BRIAN CARL BERNHARDT B.A., James Madison University, 2005 M.A., University of Colorado at Boulder, 2010
    BEYOND THE DEMOCRATIC STATE: ANTI-AUTHORITARIAN INTERVENTIONS IN DEMOCRATIC THEORY by BRIAN CARL BERNHARDT B.A., James Madison University, 2005 M.A., University of Colorado at Boulder, 2010 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Political Science 2014 This thesis entitled: Beyond the Democratic State: Anti-Authoritarian Interventions in Democratic Theory written by Brian Carl Bernhardt has been approved for the Department of Political Science Steven Vanderheiden, Chair Michaele Ferguson David Mapel James Martel Alison Jaggar Date The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we Find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards Of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. Bernhardt, Brian Carl (Ph.D., Political Science) Beyond the Democratic State: Anti-Authoritarian Interventions in Democratic Theory Thesis directed by Associate Professor Steven Vanderheiden Though democracy has achieved widespread global popularity, its meaning has become increasingly vacuous and citizen confidence in democratic governments continues to erode. I respond to this tension by articulating a vision of democracy inspired by anti-authoritarian theory and social movement practice. By anti-authoritarian, I mean a commitment to individual liberty, a skepticism toward centralized power, and a belief in the capacity of self-organization. This dissertation fosters a conversation between an anti-authoritarian perspective and democratic theory: What would an account of democracy that begins from these three commitments look like? In the first two chapters, I develop an anti-authoritarian account of freedom and power.
    [Show full text]
  • On Protestant Missionaries Publishing and Understanding of the Sacred
    BIBLID 0254-4466(2008)26:3 pp. 225-262 漢學研究第26卷第3 期（民國97年 9 月） ᄲķęęྏኢ˩˝͵ࡔֽරޥĶ༱໐໺ຍ ᄃᄮᙊۍາି็ି̀၆ĮཐᏞᇃ੊į۞΍ 廖 振 旺Ŏ ၡࢋ ฟጩ۞ᅳાĄ҃ώ͛۞ޞࡔૄ༛າିдර߿જΫࡁտĂߏ˘๴̪͵˝˩ ĂͽĮཐᏞᇃ੊į˘३ࠎּĂֽ᎚ଣ୻ϐޘ̼͛Ϋ۞֎ۍϫ۞Ăӈဘྏଂ΍ ࡁտ̝˘ศĄۍරາି็ି̀႔ጯ३ᚱ΍ֽ ᇹءᇃࠎΏҖ۞ֹ̝˧ڼ۰ٙ࿴οĂ֭ྻϡ߆ڼĮཐᏞᇃ੊įߏϤ୻ഈ௚ ೳ჊ࢰ۞າି็ି̀ࣇĂݒ˩̶ࢦෛྍ३̈́׎Ϩކ३ᚱĄ൒҃˩˝͵ࡔֽර ݡĄώ͛ӈЋဦଣտ఺ֱາି็ۍࡶ̒ᄃ׎࠹ᙯ۞΍˞ۍྋĂͷᖙᛌă΍ྖ ĮཐᏞᇃ੊į̝ϫ۞Ă֭ྏဦ҂၅΁ࣇዦ᝝ᄃᄮᙊྍ३۞ෛ֎Ą׎ۍ΍̀ି ѨĂώ͛ᔘ͔ϡ˞˩˝͵ࡔֽරາି็ି̀ٙ൴ܑ۞ࡻ͛႔ጯኢ඾Ăֽೡࢗ ΁ࣇீٙ̚֍۞ĂͽĮཐᏞᇃ੊į̈́׎ϨྖྋࠎᆐώĂ҃ؠഇдЧгᓝҖ۞ Ăώ͛ᛚࢗ˞༊ॡາି็ି̀тңᖙᛌᄃྋᛖޢĄ౵ڶᓾķ̝ᆇё၁ކĶཐᏞ ĮཐᏞᇃ੊į̚Ķ͇͹ିķ߱۞̰टĄ ۍᓾă୎୻ă΍ކᙯᔣෟ Ĉૄ༛າିă็ି̀ăཐᏞᇃ੊ăཐᏞ ˘ă݈ā֏ ѐĞ1870ğΏ˯ঔ࡚ර३ᐡ߿˝ڼδဦ३ᐡᄂ៉̶ᐡᐡᖟѣ˘ώ୻Т̚ ࿴οĂ֭ྻϡ͞ءĮཐᏞᇃ੊įĞဦ˘ğĄ1 ٙᏜĮཐᏞᇃ੊įߏϤ୻ഈڕф 收稿日期：2007年9月27日，通過刊登日期：2008年4月23日。 Ŏ 作者係日本京都大學大學院文學研究科博士班學生。 1 該書全一冊，線裝，半頁 10 行，每行 23 字，㡨頭處 25 字。四周雙欄，單魚尾，版心上方 225 226 漢學研究第 26 卷第 3 期 圖一 康熙聖諭，雍正廣訓，《聖諭廣訓》：書名頁（左） 、首頁（右） Ă̚δဦ३ᐡᄂ៉̶ᐡᖟڕѐĞ1870ğˬ͡˯ঔ࡚ර३ᐡ߿ф˝ڼ୻Т ᇹ३ᚱĄ2 ͽ˭ԧࣇΞྏ᝝׎̚˘߱ĈءᇃࠎΏҖ۞ֹ̝˧ڼ߆ ĂޘĄߊ൒ࢋϡޘĂౌࢋϡـᄲĂˠϠд͵ĂЫฺࡍҗĂϹତֽޥ༱໐໺ຍ ຍγ۞ĄٺĂ˵ѣՏ͟˘ؠ۞Ă˵ѣ΍ޘಶ˘͟˵̙͌଀఺࣎᏿˞Ąҭࢋϡ Ϡٺăѝ୎׌ᐠਮฺĂ఺ߏ˘ؠ۞ఢ৏Ăზࢍ଀ֽ۞ĄҌڇт˘ѐࡍೀІҗ ຍγĂზࢍ̙ؠ۞ĄҰࡶ̙ٺ׊ዳ̃ăշ૓̃๹ăचঽѪಉĂ఺ְֱវߏ΍ ԯ᏿ੑĂ૱঻ֱѣዶĂࡶߏ࿃඾఺ᇹ̙ീ۞ְĂݒोࠤᆃΝϡ׸ĉ3 鐫：「聖諭廣訓」或「廣訓衍」，中鐫條數。版框寬 12.5 釐米Ű高 18.5 釐米，開本寬 14.7 釐 米Ű高 24.5 釐米。書名頁鐫有「同治九年三月」、「聖諭廣訓」及「上海美華書館活字板」 字樣。 2 誠如王爾敏所言：「在清代二百餘年歷史中，《聖諭廣訓》是朝野最熟知之書，大致除去 《時憲通書》及《萬寶全書》兩者之外，就是《聖諭廣訓》為全國第三種最通行之普通書 籍。」見氏著，〈清廷《聖諭廣訓》之頒行及民間之宣講拾遺〉，《中研院近史所集刊》22 下(1993.6): 257。 3 引自上海美華書館活字板《聖諭廣訓》第五條「尚節儉以惜財用」之白話解部分，頁31 廖振旺∕試論十九世紀來華新教傳教士對《聖諭廣訓》的出版與認識 227 ࡚҃ර३ᐡĞAmerican Presbyterian Mission PressğĂ݋ߏ˩˝͵ࡔ̚ഇ ĂТॡ˵ߏ༊ॡֽරາିဥវٙ౹న۞ିۤۍҁିົд˯ঔ౹ϲ۞΍ܜ઼࡚ ۍᇆᜩ౵எᅈ۞΍ֲڌĂͷ၆઼̈́̚ܜĂఢሀ౵̂Ăགྷᒉॡม౵ۤ̚ۍ΍ົ Ą4˘̝ۤ ᖙዦ఺ώ˩˝͵ࡔϤಲරҘˠٙ൴Җ۞႔ᚱĂ̙༰΄ˠயϠ˭ЕႷયĈ ͞ءĂࠎңົΏҖ˘ώ୻ഈۤۍ༛჊ࢰ۞็ି̀ٙ͹޺۞΍ૄ็ކ୎୻ֽර ݡĉ҃఺ֱາି็ି̀˫ߏͽۍጱ३ᚱĉߏӎѣ׎΁࠹ᙯ۞΍ކ̼ିڼ߆۞ ዦ᝝ᄃᄮᙊྍ३ĉপҾߏྍ३ᔘѣ˘߱ෛ͇͹ିࠎளბ۞̰टĂֽޘᆃ֎̦ ၆ѩ็ି̀ࣇѣңаᑕᄃྋᛖĉ5 ώ͛۞ᆷүϫ۞Ăӈྏဦֹϡ࠹ᙯΫफ़ֽ ኢᙋ˯ࢗયᗟĄ̈́ځᄲ ฟጩ۞๩ޞிٙ࠰ۢĂ˩˝͵ࡔૄ༛າିдර߿જΫ۞ࡁտĂߏ˘๴̪ ࠁᓄ؟ĂΐͽځгĄ6 ྕтߙҜጯ۰ٙ֏ĈĶ઼̚ିົΫ൴ण؈ѡĂᔳ୑ᙱ ࠁᓄᗔķֹࡁտ۰ᙱ؟Ąķ7ĶְٽܧᗔĂ੃ᐂൺ௞ĂՐ଀ԆБቁ၁ྤफ़Ăঅ Ķ੃ᐂٺࠁٕ็ି፟ၹĄ8 Ҍ؟ͽБࢬ˞ྋ˩˝͵ࡔிкϤለֽ࡚ර۞າି ൺ௞ķĂಶтТ઼࡚ጯ۰෱ϒ୻ĞJohn K.
    [Show full text]
  • Houqua and His China Trade Partners in the Nineteenth Century
    Global Positioning: Houqua and His China Trade Partners in the Nineteenth Century The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Wong, John. 2012. Global Positioning: Houqua and His China Trade Partners in the Nineteenth Century. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:9282867 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA © 2012 – John D. Wong All rights reserved. Professor Michael Szonyi John D. Wong Global Positioning: Houqua and his China Trade Partners in the Nineteenth Century Abstract This study unearths the lost world of early-nineteenth-century Canton. Known today as Guangzhou, this Chinese city witnessed the economic dynamism of global commerce until the demise of the Canton System in 1842. Records of its commercial vitality and global interactions faded only because we have allowed our image of old Canton to be clouded by China’s weakness beginning in the mid-1800s. By reviving this story of economic vibrancy, I restore the historical contingency at the juncture at which global commercial equilibrium unraveled with the collapse of the Canton system, and reshape our understanding of China’s subsequent economic experience. I explore this story of the China trade that helped shape the modern world through the lens of a single prominent merchant house and its leading figure, Wu Bingjian, known to the West by his trading name of Houqua.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Worries About the Coherence of Left-Libertarianism Mathias Risse
    John F. Kennedy School of Government Harvard University Faculty Research Working Papers Series Can There be “Libertarianism without Inequality”? Some Worries About the Coherence of Left-Libertarianism Mathias Risse Nov 2003 RWP03-044 The views expressed in the KSG Faculty Research Working Paper Series are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the John F. Kennedy School of Government or Harvard University. All works posted here are owned and copyrighted by the author(s). Papers may be downloaded for personal use only. Can There be “Libertarianism without Inequality”? Some Worries About the Coherence of Left-Libertarianism1 Mathias Risse John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University October 25, 2003 1. Left-libertarianism is not a new star on the sky of political philosophy, but it was through the recent publication of Peter Vallentyne and Hillel Steiner’s anthologies that it became clearly visible as a contemporary movement with distinct historical roots. “Left- libertarian theories of justice,” says Vallentyne, “hold that agents are full self-owners and that natural resources are owned in some egalitarian manner. Unlike most versions of egalitarianism, left-libertarianism endorses full self-ownership, and thus places specific limits on what others may do to one’s person without one’s permission. Unlike right- libertarianism, it holds that natural resources may be privately appropriated only with the permission of, or with a significant payment to, the members of society. Like right- libertarianism, left-libertarianism holds that the basic rights of individuals are ownership rights. Left-libertarianism is promising because it coherently underwrites both some demands of material equality and some limits on the permissible means of promoting this equality” (Vallentyne and Steiner (2000a), p 1; emphasis added).
    [Show full text]
  • Sino American Relations
    Fort Hays State University FHSU Scholars Repository Master's Theses Graduate School Summer 1942 Sino American Relations Philip Lin Fort Hays Kansas State College Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.fhsu.edu/theses Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Lin, Philip, "Sino American Relations" (1942). Master's Theses. 363. https://scholars.fhsu.edu/theses/363 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at FHSU Scholars Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of FHSU Scholars Repository. SINO-AMERICAN RELATIONS being A thesis presented to the Graduate Faculty of the Fort Hays Kansas State College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science by Philip Lin., B. A. Fukien Christian Unive rsity Foochow., China Date ~'/, / 'f 'I ;L Approved: R17601 28 Acknowledgment The writer wishes to e x press his sincere acknowledg- ment and indebtedness to Dr. w. D. Moreland of the Political Science and Sociology Department of the Fort Hays Kansas State Colle ge for his guidance in writing this thesis. Due acknowledgment also is extended to Dr. Streeter, Librarian and Miss Dorothy Wells, Documents Librarian, for their helpful suggestions. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE r. INTRODUCTION l II. EARLY RELATIONS AND TREATIES A. The beginning of formal intercourse B. Development l. Treaties 7 2. Diplomatic Service 27 3. Commercial Agreements 31 III. AMERIC ANS IN CHI NA A. The Clause of "The most f avored nation." 1. Extraterritoriality 36 2. The protection of citizens and property 38 B.
    [Show full text]
  • American Investments in China
    lRINirf COl!, UBRA~Y M.OORE COLLECTION RELATING TO THE . FA~ EAST ....,.L<M, ..... CLASS NO.-­ BOOK NO.. -­ VOLU ME---,---,=­ ACCESSION NO. AMERICAN INVESTMENTS IN CHINA BY c. F. REMER Published by the Institute of Pacific Relations Honolulu, 1929 ADVANCE PROOF AMERICAN INVESTMENTS IN CHINA BY c. F. REMER Professor of Economics at the University of Michigan This report has been written in connection with a study of the International Financial and Economic Relations of China now being carried on. Study headquarters are at 209 Economics Build ing, University of Michig11n, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. THE INSTITUTE OF P AOIFIC RELATIONS HONOLULU, 1929 AMERICAN INVESTMENTS IN CHINA I. A NOTE OF EXPLANATION The title of this paper promises more than I have it in my power to fulfil. It has seemed best, therefore, to begin with a brief explanatory statement. An investigation of the international financial and economic relations of China is now being carried on. It will extend over a number of years, in­ cludes a visit to China on my part, and is planned to cover the whole of a wide and difficult subject. In the work of this investigation it has fallen to me to deal with American investments in China. After a brief survey of the situation the conclusion was forced upon me that I would be obliged to undertake a new and inde­ pendent study. A considerable amount of work has been done on this new study, but it is impossible to say whether it will be successfully completed, since its success depends, in large measure, upon its inclusiveness.
    [Show full text]