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Wages and Hours of Labor in the Boot and Shoe Industry, 1907 To

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Wages and Hours of Labor in the Boot and Shoe Industry, 1907 To U. S. DEPARTM ENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS ROYAL MEEKER, Commissioner BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES \ (WHOLE 0 ^ 0 BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS/ ' ' ’ ( NUMBER WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR SERIES: No. 27 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR I N T H E B O O T A N D SHOE I N D U S T R Y : 1907 TO 1916 MAY, 1918 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1918 Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis ADDITIONAL COPIES OP THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCUBED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 10 CENTS PER COPY Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis CONTENTS. General tables..........................................................................................................23-129 Introduction and summary....................................................................................... 5-20 Explanation of scope and method............................................................................20-23 Table A.—Average and classified full-time hours per week and rates of wages per hour, and average full-time weekly earnings, in the United States, by years, 1907 to 1916................................................................................................ 24-47 Table B.—Average and classified full-time hours per week and rates of wages per hour, and average full-time weekly earnings, in each State, by years, 1914 and 1916......................................................................................................... 48-91 Table C.—Average and classified full-time hours per week and rates of wages per hour, and average full-time weekly earnings, by States, 1916.................. 92-109 Table D.—Average full-time hours, hours actually worked, full-time weekly earnings and amounts actually earned; and number of employees working each classified per cent of full time and earning each classified amount, during one week, by States, 1916................................................................................. 110-129 Appendix A.—Description of occupations.......................................................... 133-164 Outline of methods......................................................................................... 133-135 Welt shoes........................................................................................................ 135-149 McKay shoes............... .................................................................................... 149-161 Turn shoes....................................................................................................... 161-163 McKay welt shoes—Bottoming department.................................................... 163 Nailed welt shoes—Bottoming department..................................................... 164 Loose nailed shoes—Bottoming department.................................................... 164 Standard screw shoes—Bottoming department............................................... 164 Appendix B.—Time and labor cost in making 100 pairs of shoes.....................165-169 3 Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis BULLETIN OF THE U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS. WHOLE NO. 232. W A S H I N G T O N . MAY, 1918. BOOT AND SHOE MANUFACTURING. INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY. Rates of wages per hour, hours of labor per week, ajid full-time and actual weekly earnings in the year 1916 in the boot and shoe industry of the United States are presented in this report. Com­ parable figures for 1914, and summaries for each year from 1907 to 1916, except 1915, are also shown. Data were not collected for 1915.1 The average full-time weekly earnings of the employees in this industry in 1916 were 6 per cent higher than in 1913 and 1914, 15 per cent higher than in 1912, 14 per cent higher than in 1911, and 16 per cent higher than in 1910. The average full-time hours of labor per week in 1916 were the same as in 1914, 1 per cent lower than in 1913, 2 per cent lower than in 1912, and 3 per cent lower than in 1911 or 1910. The average rate of wages (or earnings) per hour in 1916 was 6 per cent higher than in 1914, 8 per cent higher than in 1913, 16 per cent higher than in 1912 and 1911, and 19 per cent higher than in 1910. Owing to the reduction of hours, the increase in full-time weekly earnings between 1910 and 191*8 was not quite so much as in rates of wages per hour. In 1916 the average full-time weekly earnings of male employees in the selected occupations shown varied from $16.02 for assemblers for the pulling-over machine to $28.50 for Goodyear welters. The full-time weekly earnings of female employees varied from $9.93 for treers or ironers to $13.66 for vampers. A summary of the rates of wages and hours of labor in 1913, 1914, and 1916 in the principal occupations of the industry is presented in Table 1 which follows: 1 Previous investigations of wages and hours of labor in boot and shoe manufacturing have been made and published by the Bureau, as follows: Nineteenth Annual Report, covering 1890 to 1903; Bulletin No. 69 (July, 1905), covering 1903 and 1904; Bulletin No. 65 (July, 1906), covering 1904 and 1905; Bulletin No. 71 (July, 1907) covering 1905 and 1906; Bulletin No. 77 (July, 1908), covering 1906 and 1907; Bulletin No. 134 (August, 1913), covering 1907 to 1912; Bulletin No. 154 (May, 1914), covering 1912 and 1913; and Bulle­ tin No. 178 (August, 1915), covering 1913 and 1914. Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis 6 WAGES AND HOURS OF LABOR, 1907 TO 1916---- BOOTS AND SHOES. T a b l e 1 .— AVERAGE AND CLASSIFIED FULL-TIME HOURS PER WEEK, AND RATES OF WAGES PER HOUR, AND AVERAGE FULL-TIME WEEKLY EARNINGS IN THE P R IN C IP A L O C C U P AT IO N S, 1913, 1914, A N D 1916. [The figures opposite each group of years are for identical establishments. W hen a second line is shown for 1916 it contains all data secured for 1916 whether or not comparable data for 1914 were available.] Per cent of employees Per cent of employees whose full-time hours whose rates of wages Aver­ per week were— Aver­ per hour were— Aver­ Num­ age age age Occupation, sex, and ber full­ rate full­ number of establish­ Year. of em­ time Over of 20 30 40 time 57 ments. ploy­ hours 54 wages U n­ and and week­ U n­ and 60 and 50 ees. per and per der un­ un­ cts. ly der 54. un­ and un­ week. un­ hour. 20 der der der earn­ 54. der over. and der cts. 30 40 50 ings. 60. over. 57. cts. cts. cts. CUTTING DEPARTMENT. Cutters, vamp and whole shoe, hSnd, male: 68 establishments.. 1913 1,923 54.5 23 42 18 15 3 $0,352 2 22 53 18 6 $19.10 1914 1,757 53.8 38 23 27 10 2 .368 3 17 49 21 10 19.70 69 establishments.. 1914 1,667 54.1 35 24 26 12 3 .366 3 16 52 20 9 19.70 1916 1,790 54.1 33 27 26 11 3 .379 1 16 47 26 10 20.42 113 establishments.. 1916 2,355 53.9 35 27 26 10 3 .375 1 17 46 27 9 20.12 Cutters, vamp and whole shoe, machine, male: 35 establishments.. 1913 528 55.5 11 34 24 24 7 .322 6 32 52 7 3 17.70 1914 568 55.1 14 23 40 22 1 .328 6 32 48 10 3 17.96 36 establishments.. 1914 600 55.5 10 22 42 26 1 .323 6 33 50 8 3 17.84 1916 728 55.4 8 24 46 21 1 .325 9 34 31 24. 3 17.86 67 establishments... 1916 1,059 54.9 14 22 47 15 2 .331 6 30 39 22 3 18.07 Skivers, upper, ma­ chine, male: 22 establishments.. 1913 123 54.3 9 71 15 5 .300 11 31 48 8 2 16.26 1914 107 54.2 9 70 18 3 .304 10 18 62 9 1 16.47 19 establishments... 1914 93 54.1 11 75 10 3 .318 3 16 69 11 1 17.21 1916 92 54.1 12 76 9 3 .331 2 17 66 9 5 17.87 32 establishments.. 1916 124 54.6 9 65 13 12 1 .311 7 24 57 7 4 16.93 Skivers, upper, ma­ chine, female: 65 establishments... 1913 439 54.6 10 52 25 .207 48 45 7 1 11.29 1914 402 54.0 32 48 25 x\ .211 47 44 7 1 11.35 72 establishments... 1914 4»18 54.1 22 27 6 .207 50 43 6 1 11.16 1916 466 54.2 18 5 i 25 5 .205 49 42 9 1 C1) 11.09 113 establishments.. 1916 591 54.0 21 52 24 4 .209 49 40 10 1 1 11.26 SOLE-LEATHER DEPART­ MENT. Cutters, outsole, male: 38 establishments.. 1913 186 55.2 9 45 23 24 .304 2 35 60 3 16. 75 1914 175 54.8 6 50 33 6 5 .313 3 30 66 1 17.12 38 establishments... 1914 205 55.0 2 42 43 6 5 .304 2 41 57 0 ) 16. 71 1916 219 55.0 3 43 41 8 5 .310 .... 36 64 G) 17.02 64 establishments... 1916 345 54.7 11 32 47 6 4 .307 41 57 1 0 ) 16. 74 Channelers, insole and outsole, male: 69 establishments... 1913 190 55.4 9 37 29 21 4 .335 2 32 47 16 3 18'. 48 1914 194 55.0 15 25 43 15 2 .337 3 29 47 17 4 18.51 70 establishments.. 1914 202 55.1 16 24 39 17 4 .328 4 31 » 48 15 2 18.02 1916 197 55.2 15 24 39 18 5 .336 5 26 52 13 4 18.51 107 establishments.. 1916 255 55.0 16 26 38 15 4 .340 4 26 51 13 a 18.69 ^ess than 1 per cent. Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY.
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