1. Padil Species Factsheet Scientific Name: Common Name Image

1. PaDIL Species Factsheet

Scientific Name: Citripestis sagittiferella Moore (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae)

Common Name Citrus Fruit Borer Live link: http://www.padil.gov.au/pests-and-diseases/Pest/Main/142287

Image Library Australian Biosecurity Live link: http://www.padil.gov.au/pests-and-diseases/

Partners for Australian Biosecurity image library

Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment https://www.awe.gov.au/ Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Western Australia https://dpird.wa.gov.au/ Plant Health Australia https://www.planthealthaustralia.com.au/ Museums Victoria https://museumsvictoria.com.au/ 2. Species Information

2.1. Details Specimen Contact: DAFF Biosecurity Darwin - daff.gov.au Author: S. Anderson Citation: S. Anderson (2012) Citrus Fruit Borer(Citripestis sagittiferella)Updated on 2/24/2012 Available online: PaDIL - http://www.padil.gov.au Image Use: Free for use under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY- NC 4.0)

2.2. URL Live link: http://www.padil.gov.au/pests-and-diseases/Pest/Main/142287

2.3. Facets Commodity Overview: Field Crops and Pastures Commodity Type: Citrus Distribution: South and South-East Asia Group: Moths Status: Exotic species - absent from Australia

2.4. Other Names Citrus pulp borer Lemon fruit borer Nephopterix sagittiferella Moore 1891:21

2.5. Diagnostic Notes **Identification is currently undergoing peer review as part of the National Diagnostic Protocols by SPHDS.**

**Specimens were unable to be sourced for this diagnostic protocol. As specimens become available, photographic images will be added to protocol.**

**Eggs** oval, dirty white, translucent with fine raised irregular networking, lay singly and in small irregular patches on the lower side of the fruit. Incubation period 5-6 days

**Larvae** reddish yellow and turn dark green upon pupation. Initially, larvae are gregarious but then separate and burrow into the pulp and pith of fruit. As larvae increase in size they eat their way through the fruit and create holes used for ejecting refuse; larvae are fast moving and jump and twist when touched. The mature larva drops to the ground by silken threads and burrows into the soil at a depth of approximately 1-2 cm. It then constructs cells of agglutinated earth lined with white silk measuring 0.7 inch in length, 0.4 inch in breadth and 0.3 inch in depth. Larval period 9-17 days. Pupation in soil is between 9-11 days.

Definitive characters that distinguish larval _C. sagittiferella _from other pyralids have not been clarified. However no other pyralid in SE Asia/Australasia is known to live in citrus fruits. Hence a pyralid larva in a citrus fruit is probably a good characteristic of this species. There is another lepidopteran citrus fruit borer, _Prays endocarpa_, which may be confused with _C sagittiferella_. However pyraloid larvae only have the following characters: two prespiracular setae on prothorax; crochets in a circle or penellipse (aquatic immatures have 2 rows); three subventral setae on abdominal segments 3 to 6 and sclerotized ring around base of seta SD1 on segment 8.

**Citripestis sagittiferella Pyralidae** eggs dirty white; larvae, early instar reddish yellow, mature dark green; pupation in soil; adult, medium size, basally scaled proboscis, ocelli & chaetosema present, 1 frenulum bristle, triangular wings less fringed.

**Prays endocarpa Yponomeutidae** eggs light green; larvae, early instar green, mature has red transverse bands; pupation on fruit, twig or leaf edge; adult, small size, unscaled proboscis, absent ocelli & chaetosema, 2 frenulum bristles, thin narrow wings heavily fringed.

**Adults** ground colour of forewing yellowish-brown, veins black scaled, median band hardly marked at all; hindwing somewhat transparent, pale yellowish-grey to grey-brown; head brown; thorax grey-brown, tegulae yellowish-brown (Moore (1891), Kalshoven (1981) & Chong et al (1991).

Distinctions between genera have not been evaluated. Genitalia comparisons will usually determine species. The antenna of males of _Citripestis_ is pectinate which will distinguish them from most other phycitine genera. Association with Rutaceae provides additional support for _Citripestis_. Definitive diagnosis of this species would rely on comparison of male or female genitalia with representative specimens or DNA analysis.

♂ genitalia: transtilla not sclerotized; valva with a ventral row of sclerotized ridges; clasper absent; aedeagus without cornuti. Genitalic photographs to be included when specimens have been sourced.

♀ genitalia: bursa and ductus bursae not sclerotized; signum absent; ductus seminalis from distal half of bursa (Roesler 1983). Translation by N. Kurucz. Genitalic photographs to be included when specimens have been sourced.

**Coming soon - PBT link**

2.6. References Armstrong, K. (2010) DNA barcoding: a new module in New Zealand’s plant biosecurity diagnostic toolbox. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 40: 91-100. Chong, K.K, Ooi, P.A.C, Ho CT. (1991). Crop pests and their management in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Tropical Press Sdn. Bhd. Common, I.F.B. (1990). Moths of Australia. Carlton, Victoria. Melbourne University Press, appendix 1, p471-482. Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R., Vrijenhoek, R. (1994). DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology., 3(5): 294-299. Hajibabaei, M., Janzen, D.H., Burns, J.M., Hallwachs, W., Hebert, P.D.N. (2006). DNA barcodes distinguish species of tropical Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103(4): 968- 971. Hanner, R. (2005). Proposed standards for BARCODE records in INSDC (BRIs). http://www.barcoding.si.edu/PDF/DWG_data_standards-Final.pdf. Hebert, P.D.N., Cywinska, A., Ball, S.L., deWaard, J.R. (2003). Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B270: 313-321. Hebert, P.D.N., Penton, E.H., Burns, J.M., Janzen, D.H., Hallwachs, W. (2004). Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly Astraptes fulgerator. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101(41): 14812-14817. Hussein, M.Y. and Rahman, A.S. A (1981). Role of the parasite, Rhoptromeris sp., in the control of lemon fruit borer. Malaysian Agricultural Journal. 53(1): 45-51. Kalshoven, LGE, Laan Pavan der, (1981). Pests of crops in Indonesia. Jakarta, Indonesia: Ichtiar Baru. Kuroko, H, Lewvanich A. (1993). Lepidopterous pests of tropical fruit trees in Thailand. Bangkok, Thailand: Funny publishing limited partnership/Japan international cooperation agency. Moore, F. (1891). Nephopteryx sagittiferella, nov. sp., Moore Indian Museum Notes, 2 : 21. Munroe, E. Solis, M.A. (1999). Pyraloidea, pp. 233-256. In: Kristensen, N. (ed.) Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies, Vol. I. Arthropoda, Insect, Vol. 4, Part 35. Handbook of Zoology. Walter de Gruyter & Co. Berlin. 491p. Roesler, R.U. (1983): Die Phycitinae von Sumatra (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Heterocera Sumatrana, Keltern 3: 1-136. Waterhouse, D.F. (1993). The major arthropod pests and weeds of agriculture in Southeast Asia. Canberra, Australia. 3. Diagnostic Images

Lina Herlina (Indonesian Centre of Lina Herlina (Indonesian Centre of Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resource Research and Development) Resource Research and Development) Basal half of male antenna is unipectinate: Citrus fruit borer: S. Anderson & B. S. Anderson DAFF Biosecurity Thistleton DAFF Biosecurity

Lina Herlina (Indonesian Centre of Lina Herlina (Indonesian Centre of Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resource Research and Development) Resource Research and Development) Female lateral face: S. Anderson DAFF Female ventral: S. Anderson DAFF Biosecurity Biosecurity Lina Herlina (Indonesian Centre of Lina Herlina (Indonesian Centre of Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resource Research and Development) Resource Research and Development) Female wing: S. Anderson DAFF Biosecurity Male fore & hind wing: S. Anderson DAFF Biosecurity

Results Generated: Thursday, September 30, 2021