White Oak Bayou

Fall 2000

Produced by the EveryoneEveryone NeedsNeeds FloodFlood Insurance!Insurance! Harris County Flood Control District E veryone living in a participating community are from property located outside of the mapped you can view FIRMs by contacting your of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) 100-year flood plain. This does not mean the homeowners insurance agent or mortgage can buy flood insurance. Harris County and the FIRMs are wrong. It simply means that not all company. For a nominal charge, FIRMs can be incorporated cities within the county are flooding sources are mapped and that more ordered from FEMA by calling 1-800-358-9616. participants in the NFIP. Just because your home severe floods can occur than the ones mapped. Remember that flood insurance is not included A WHITE OAK BAYOU NEWS SOURCE is not mapped within the 100-year flood plain The NFIP is administered by the Federal in your standard homeowner’s policy – you must does not mean that you are free from the potential Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). provide for it separately – and the cost is relatively to flood. Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) FEMA produces the FIRMs, which are based inexpensive (especially if your home is not show areas subject to flooding from a primary on technical analyses, studies and historical located in the mapped flood plain). Flood flooding source, typically major rivers, bayous flooding information. The FIRMs contain a insurance is sold through private insurance and their tributaries, and are meant to help variety of information, including flood risk companies and is financially backed by the determine the risk of flooding for a property. information, special flood hazard areas, Base federal government. Contact your insurance agent White Oak Bayou: An Evolving Urban Waterway However, flooding from sources that are not (or 100-year) Flood Elevations, areas subject to for more information about purchasing flood White Oak Bayou: An Evolving Urban Waterway identified on the FIRMs is possible and occurs inundation by the 100-year and 500-year floods insurance. Having flood insurance will not keep often in Harris County. Many homes flood because along primary channels, and common physical you from flooding, but it will help you recover. W hite Oak Bayou has played an important excess storm water cannot drain into a storm features like streams, highways, roads and So remember, everyone lives in a flood zone, but part in Houston’s history. As a matter of fact, drainage system fast enough to prevent localized railroads. FIRMs can usually be viewed at your most people don’t know their degree of flood the city was founded by the Allen brothers ponding from reaching the inside of a home. On local community map repository site – typically, risk. The District recommends that all residents at the confluence of White Oak and Buffalo a national basis, one-third of the flood loss claims your local planning or engineering office – or carry flood insurance. Please do so. Bayous. White Oak Bayou drains a watershed It Doesn’t Matter of 110 square miles and extends for a length of approximately 25 miles, from its Where You Live... headwaters at U.S. 290 near Huffmeister Road, to its mouth at Buffalo Bayou in downtown Houston. Today, White Oak Bayou is a highly urbanized watershed that includes the cities of Houston and Jersey Village, as well as a portion of unincorporated Harris County. The watershed includes a mix of older historic neighborhoods, such as the Houston Heights and Norhill; middle aged neighborhoods, like Timber Grove, Oak Forest and Woodland Trails; and newer neighborhoods, such as Woodwind Lakes and Willowbridge. Significant landmarks in You Could Flood the watershed include the Sam Houston Race Park and Delmar Stadium. At Any Time! There is a long history of flooding along White Oak Bayou, and numerous projects The White Oak Bayou watershed is located in one of the most-populated areas in Harris County, beginning northwest of FM 1960 and ending near Downtown at the confluence of Buffalo Bayou. First Meeting: Harris County have been constructed to reduce such St. Matthews Catholic Church community Commissioner’s Court flooding. Actually, over time, the entire length However, there is still a significant risk leverage local dollars with matching funds 9915 Hollister Houston, Texas 77040 Robert Eckels of White Oak Bayou has been rectified and of flooding along White Oak Bayou, from the federal government to complete a County Judge enlarged. The most prominent enlargement particularly upstream of where the federal substantial amount of the remaining work. Date & Time: El Franco Lee occurred between 1964 and 1976, when the project ended. Many homes and businesses This newsletter contains a history of White input Commissioner, Precinct One Wednesday, lower 10.7 miles of the channel were have experienced flooding, and studies Oak Bayou, a description of the current November 29, 2000 7:00 pm - 8:30 pm Please express your views at any time. Jim Fonteno modified as part of a federal flood control show that thousands of structures are at activities in the watershed, and an overview You don’t have to wait for a public meeting. Commissioner, Precinct Two project undertaken by the Harris County risk from extreme flood events. Much work of the ongoing federal planning study to Steve Radack Flood Control District (the District) and the remains to be done along White Oak Bayou, attempt to identify a new federal project for You may call the White Oak Bayou Federal Project Commissioner, Precinct Three Second Meeting: Information Line at 713-684-4040 or send your U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (the Corps). and the District is actively seeking ways to White Oak Bayou. Scarborough High School comments and questions to: Jerry Eversole 4141 Costa Rica Commissioner, Precinct Four Houston, Texas 77092 White Oak Bayou Federal Flood Control Project Public Meetings November 29 & 30 Harris County Flood Control District Public Meetings November 29 & 30 9900 Northwest Freeway Harris County Date & Time: wo identical public meetings will be Church, 9915 Hollister. The second Thursday, Houston, TX 77092 Public Infrastructure Dept. T November 30, 2000 Arthur L. Storey, P.E. held in the White Oak Bayou watershed meeting is Thursday, November 30 at 7:00 pm - 8:30 pm Fax: 713-684-4140 Executive Director November 29 and 30. The purpose of the Scarborough High School, 4141 Costa Rica. Flood plain maps don’t tell the On November 29 & 30, two identical public meetings is to present an overview of the Both meeting times are 7:00 pm - 8:30 pm. meetings will be conducted by the Harris Harris County whole story. One-third of all federal planning study now underway Feedback from the citizen stakeholders is County Flood Control District to discuss the flood damage is reported in current status of the White Oak Bayou Flood Control District for White Oak Bayou, including very important to the success of this study. Federal Flood Control Project. Residents of Michael D. Talbott, P.E. areas outside of the mapped presentations of possible plan features. For directions or more information, or to the White Oak Bayou watershed are Director encouraged to attend. 1% (100-year) flood plain. The first meeting is Wednesday, request special accommodations for a public meetings November 29 at St. Matthews Catholic disability, call 713-684-4040.

8 This paper contains recycled fiber. WhiteWhite OakOak BayouBayou HelpfulHelpful Definitions...Definitions...

&& HarrisHarris County:County: 1% Flood United States Army Bridge Modification BothBoth FloodFlood ProneProne Flood elevation at a particular location that Corps of Engineers (the Corps) The replacement, extension or reinforcement has a 1% chance of being equaled or exceeded The federal agency authorized to partner of a bridge in order to remove an impediment in any given year. This flood event is also with local governments to conduct major to flow or accommodate a channel W hy does it flood in Harris County? in any given year. This flood event is also with local governments to conduct major to flow or accommodate a channel known as the 100-year flood event and is a water resources projects. The Corps office enlargement. Largely because of the flat terrain, the A modern historical relatively impervious clay soils that do regulatory standard used to administer forwe thiswork region with isis locatedlocated inin Galveston, Texas. Levee not absorb water very well, the effects of floodplainfloodplain managementmanagement programs,programs, thethe Levee timeline of flooding Watershed urbanization and the fact that the region national flood insurance program and set Watershed A physical barrier constructed to protect receives torrential rainfall in short periods along White Oak building requirements for new construction. A geographical region of land that drains areas from floodwaters. of time. House flooding does not always Statistically, the 1% flood has a 26% chance toto aa commoncommon channelchannel oror outlet.outlet. occur in the same places because flood Bayou, and what’s of occurring during a 30-year period of Buyout water levels depend on where the rainfall timetime – thethe lengthlength ofof manymany mortgages.mortgages. Components The elimination of potential flood damages occurs and the ability of the channel to been done to help reduce Specific applications of flood control toto aa househouse oror businessbusiness byby acquiringacquiring andand 0.2% Flood carry the storm water. Given the the damages nature delivers "tools," such as a detention basin or levee removing the structure. combination of these factors, it is Flood elevation at a particular location that at a particular location. remarkable that flooding along the has aa 0.2%.2% chancechance ofof beingbeing equaled or Project Cost region’s waterways, including White Oak exceeded in any given year. This flood event Alternatives Total initial cost to construct a project, plus Bayou, is not a more common occurrence. isis alsoalso knownknown asas thethe 500-year500-year floodflood event.event. Combinations of one or more components thethe presentpresent valuevalue ofof thethe operationoperation andand The Allen brothers experienced their 1957 1961 1966 1968 1972 1981 1989 1992 1998 thatthat provideprovide aa completecomplete planplan toto reducereduce maintenance of the project. October February April May March August May/June March September first major flood in 1843, after they had Flood Sept./Nov. Flood Flood Flood Floods Floods Flood Flood 4% Flood floodflood damages.damages. AA numbernumber ofof alternativesalternatives been here just seven years. The flood of Floods Flood elevation at a particular location that may be formulated, and the preferred one Annual Cost record on White Oak Bayou was in has a 4% chance of being equaled or isis deemeddeemed thethe "recommended"recommended alternative."alternative." The project cost annualized over an December 1935, long before many houses 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 exceeded in any given year. This flood event extended period of time. were built along the bayou. More recently, isis alsoalso knownknown asas thethe 25-year25-year floodflood event.event. Channel Modification flooding along White Oak Bayou has The modification of a channel cross Annual Flood Damages occurred in August 1981, May and June 1985-2000 10% Flood section for the purposes of reducing flood The estimated flood damages, averaged HCFCD 1998 Flood elevation at a particular location that damages by increasing its overall on a yearly basis, over an extended period 1989, March 1992 and September 1998. Purchase & HCFCD Flood elevation at a particular location that damages by increasing its overall on a yearly basis, over an extended period Construction Begins Man has never been, and probably 1958-1962 has a 10% chance of being equaled or conveyance. This can be accomplishedaccomplished of time. of Detention Fesibility never will be, able to confine major floods HCFCD Sites Study exceeded in any given year. This flood event by widening and/or deepening the Channel within the channel banks. When the Construction 1996 isis alsoalso knownknown asas thethe 10-year10-year floodflood event.event. channel, orreducing reducing the the friction friction byby Annual Benefit bayou needs to occupy its natural flood 1984 Water removing woody vegetationvegetation or addingadding The reduction in annual flood damages. HCFCD Resources plain, it will do so. What we can do is 1964-1976 Regional Development Flood Plain concrete lining. 1954 Corps Plan Act, Sec. 211 recognize this, provide what level of Congressional Channel The area of land inundated by floods of Annual Net Benefit flood protection we can afford, help Authorization Construction varying magnitudes that exceed the flow Detention Basin The annual value of a particular plan. for Lower 1992-1994 ensure existing problems don’t get worse White Oak HCFCD carrying capacity of the channel. The An area where excess runoff is stored,stored and Determined by subtracting the annual cost Bayou Channel and get the rest of the citizens who are Construction regulatory flood plain shown on the Flood thenthen releasedreleased overover timetime asas waterwater levelslevels forfor aa planplan fromfrom thethe annualannual benefitbenefit (flood(flood hopelessly deep in the natural flood plain InsuranceInsurance RateRate MapsMaps (FIRMs)(FIRMs) isis basedbased onon aa subside. damage reduction). out of harms way. 1% flood event. It is important to note that a home in the 1% flood plain might also be Bypass Channel Benefit-to-Cost (b/c) Ratio 1935 19 92 within a higher probability flood plain,plain and The construction of a new channel in order Represents the overall efficiency of a plan. see Page 7 may be subject to a higher probability of toto conveyconvey excessexcess runoffrunoff aroundaround aa highhigh Determined by dividing the value of the Throughout this newsletter, you will floodingflooding thanthan 1%1% inin anyany givengiven year.year. damage area. annual benefit by the annual cost. occasionally see a term or phrase that may be unfamiliar to you. FIRMsFIRMs for White Oak Watershed Recently Revised In order to assist you and to help educate the general public on some F lood Insurance Rate Maps, or FIRMs, 1985 and were based upon information an extensive review and publication are published by the Federal Emergency developed by the District. process, FEMA revised its flood insurance of the technical words and phrases Management Agency (FEMA) in order to In 1989, two flood events occurred in study and FIRMs as of April 20, 2000. used at the Harris County Flood determine flood insurance rates and the White Oak Bayou watershed. Observed As a result of the increased understanding

S IT MEAN? Control District, we have included requirements. Local building officials also flood levels indicated that computer models of the actual flood threat, the FIRMs show ’ a glossary on Page 7 that includes use the FIRMs in the administration of from the earlier studies were under- the regulatory 1% (100-year) flood plain in detailed explanations. regulations and ordinances required for predicting the actual flood threat. Computer the watershed to cover more area than participation in the National Flood Insurance models were modified and calibrated to previous versions of the maps. The flood Program (which makes federal flood the new observed information in order to plain covers about 20 square miles as opposed Again, when in doubt, see Page 7. insurance available to you). The first detailed update the District’s regional flood damage to earlier predictions of about 10 square miles. The devastating flood of 1935 spawned legislation that led to the establishment of the Harris County Flood floodplain studies for the White Oak Bayou reduction plan. This information was For more information, please see the Control District. Today, much progress has been made, but nature will, at times, have its way. WHAT watershed were published on FIRMs in provided to FEMA in 1986, and after discussion of flood insurance on Page 8. 2 7 7 WhiteWhite Oak Regional Plan is Extensive and Efficient The charts on this page illustrate the economic effects and values, as well as estimated flood damage reduction O n November 6, 1984, Harris County layouts, tree preservation, wetland of each alternative, followed by the project schedule. Commissioners Court adopted the White preservation, wetland mitigation, aesthetic Oak Bayou Regional Flood Control Plan, water features, tree and shrub plantings,

Project Annual Annual Benefit- the first of its kind in Harris County. The and habitat creation. There are additional TheThe EnvironmentEnvironment Cost Benefit Net Benefit to-Cost plan consists of several large regional opportunities for future recreational in Millions in Millions in Millions (B/C) Ratio detention basins and a larger channel features as well. T he implementation of large projects between Tidwell Rd. and Jersey Village. The The District’s plan is to continue the Alternative $185 $14 Million $36 $22 2.6 can significantly alter the landscape of 1 Annualized purpose of the regional plan is to reduce channel enlargements upstream to Jones a region. The District’s projects not only existing flood levels and to allow new Road, including a bypass around Jersey address flooding, but also the ecology, developments to continue without Village, as funding becomes available and Alternative $383 $27 Million $42 $19 1. 6 wildlife, recreation and aesthetics of the 2 Annualized increasing existing flood levels. Regional sufficient detention storage is completed. area. As part of the plan documents, an detention projects are generally more Flood damage reductions can be Environmental Assessment will be Alternative $9 Million efficient than smaller, individual site-specific accomplished sooner if federal matching $133 Annualized $19 $10 2.1 completed in accordance with the 3 ones because of the economy of scale. Since funds can be obtained. This is accomplished National Environmental Policy Act of the adoption of the regional plan in 1984, by identifying and justifying a federal Alternative $285 $20 Million $28 $8 1. 4 1969. The federal government requires 4 Annualized the District has spent $48 million on regional interest in White Oak Bayou. Simply stated, that all unavoidable impacts to the plan improvements, with the following justifying the federal interest is One of the major factors in seeking federal funding for a flood damage reduction project is the cost of the environment be appropriately mitigated. project compared to the expected losses if the project were not constructed. This is known as the benefit-to- items completed or under construction: Channel modifications have been utilized extensively accomplished by showing that the benefits Furthermore, the District is committed cost (b/c) ratio. To secure federal funding, it must be greater than one. The chart above illustrates the various to convey large volumes of storm water more quickly. from the project will exceed its cost. to providing features to enhance the b/c ratios per alternative. When annualized, “Without Project” damages could average $54 million. •Construction of 4 miles of channel the material removed from the Fairbanks- environment and aesthetics where enlargements North Houston Rd. site was by highway possible. Community participation in •Acquisition of 8 detention sites, contractors for overpasses, saving millions WORKING TOGETHER... the development of environmental, totaling 380 surface acres of tax dollars. recreation and aesthetic features is vital •Excavation of 2230 acre-feet of dirt Next, the four miles of channel to this project. federal at 6 detention sites (enough to fill enlargement was completed on White Oak about one and one half Astrodomes) Bayou from Tidwell Rd. to North local Houston–Rosslyn Rd. This work, in Upon adoption of the plan, work began conjunction with the detention storage, WhatWhat’’ss Next...Next... on land acquisition, bridge modifications significantly reduced flood levels in this Reduction of Reduction of Reduction of and utility adjustments to prepare for the reach without increasing flood risks Structures* Flooded Structures* Flooded Structures* Flooded I n the coming months, project in a 1% (100-Year) in a 4% (25-Year) in a 10% (10-Year) larger channel and detention basin downstream. The participation of the alternatives will undergo further Flood Event Flood Event Flood Event excavations. Detention storage is needed public and civic leaders in the area was refinements as necessary. These 31% 78% 86% prior to constructing a larger channel so critical to getting the work completed. refinements will consider input received Alternative 1 Reduction Reduction Reduction that flood levels are not increased Since then, two detention sites have from the White Oak Bayou Citizens downstream. The initial construction been excavated, two are under Advisory Committee and from the public 52% 82% 93% involved two detention basins, one east of construction, and two additional sites have Alternative Reduction Reduction Reduction meetings held in November. If necessary, 2 North Houston-Rosslyn Rd. and the other been purchased. At each of the detention additional alternatives will be east of Fairbanks-North Houston Rd. The sites, environmental and aesthetic features 16% 52% 95% formulated. Once the alternatives are Alternative District seeks partnerships for these projects have been incorporated into the design. Excavation and construction of large regional detention 3 Reduction Reduction Reduction basins is a newer method of flood damage reduction. finalized, they will undergo an where appropriate. For example, most of These enhancements include curvilinear evaluation to determine how well they Alternative 22% 38% 100% meet the study objectives. Once 4 Reduction Reduction Reduction identified, the District will present a Without the completion of any alternative, the number of structures along White Oak Bayou that may flood WRDA:WRDA: A Word That Means Relief for Homeowners recommended plan in another public in a 1% (100-year) flood event is approximately 8,600, while the number of structures that may flood in a meeting, which will most likely be held 4% (25-year) flood is approximately 5,000, and the number of structures that may flood in a 10% (10-year) flood event is approximately 1,900. All structures in Alternatives 1, 2 and 3 would be at less risk. T he mission of the District is to devise bridges and utilities, and contributes a The District views this as an enormous in the Summer of 2001. *Structures include homes and businesses. the flood damage reduction plan, portion of the cost. increase in the strength and capability implement the plan, and maintain the To expand the capabilities of the of the partnership with the Corps and has resulting infrastructure. In carrying out partnership between the Corps and the already shown on Brays Bayou that White Oak Bayou that mission, the District strives to build local sponsor, the federal Water Resources this approach allows for quicker Project Schedule 1998 1999 2000 2001 MAMJJ ASONDJFMAMJJASOND JFMAMJ J ASONDJFMAMJJASOND flood damage reduction projects that work, Development Act of 1996 (WRDA 96) implementation of flood control facilities Advisory Committee Meetings

Public Meetings with proper regard for community and included a provision, referred to as Section and expects the same for White Oak Bayou.

Project Study Plan natural values. 211, that allows a local sponsor the WORKING TOGETHER... Without Project Condition In a traditional federal flood control opportunity to take the lead on a project.

Component Analysis project, the Corps takes the lead in the The implementation of federal flood control Alternative Formulation planning, engineering, design and projects in such a manner will hopefully Alternative Evaluation federal construction of the project features. The demonstrate the potential advantages and Feasibility Report local sponsor, in our case the District, effectiveness of local implementation in Federal Review local provides the land for the project, adjusts partnership with the Corps.

6 3 White Oak Bayou Federal Project ALTERNATIVE 1 ALTERNATIVE 2 Alternatives Identified White Oak Bayou Watershed White Oak Bayou Watershed

I n 1998, the District began the feasibility study for the White Oak Bayou Federal Flood Control Project. This investigation has involved an extensive study of the White Oak Bayou watershed, including the inventory and analysis of over 12,000 structures in the 0.2% (500-year) flood plain of White Oak Bayou. Of these 12,000 structures, approximately 1,900 homes were identified in the 10% (10-year) flood plain, and approximately 8,600 homes were identified in the 1% (100-year) flood plain. Based upon the analysis of conditions without the project, it is estimated that flood damages along White Oak Bayou will average $54 million per year over the next 50 years. While for most years there may be no damages from flooding, there may be events in other years that result in substantially greater damages. LEGEND LEGEND In order to address these projected flood damages, 36 potential components, or Existing Detention Existing Detention individual measures to reduce flood damages, were identified. These included the following: Detention Detention Bypass Channel Bypass Channel Channel Modification Channel Modification • 8 Channel modification components Bridge Modification Bridge Modification • 12 Detention basin components • 3 Bypass channel components • 3 Combinations of bridge replacements, involving 12 bridges Alternative 1 utilizes multiple components. Similar to Alternative 1, but with an increased level of flood protection. • 5 Levee components • 10 miles of enlarged grass-lined channel from Tidwell Rd. to West Rd., generally within current • 9 miles of enlarged (larger that Alternative 1) grass-lined channel from Tidwell Rd. to West Rd., • Buyout component District right of-way (ROW) requiring additional District ROW and house acquisitions • 2.5 mile bypass channel around Jersey Village • 1 mile concrete-lined channel through Jersey Village in existing ROW • 2 mile bypass channel along abandoned railroad ROW parallel to 11th Street • 2 mile bypass channel along abandoned railroad ROW parallel to 11th Street An explanation of these component types is included in the glossary on Page 7 • Two bridge modifications, both involving abandoned railroad bridges • Two bridge modifications, both involving abandoned railroad bridges of this newsletter. • Six detention basins totaling 332 surface acres and adding 2,405 acre-feet (784 million gallons) of storage • Four detention basins totaling 402 surface acres and adding 3,104 acre-feet (one billion gallons) of storage Each of these components, in over 150 combinations, was analyzed and evaluated [Four detention sites totaling 307 surface acres and 1,555 acre-feet (507 million gallons) already completed] [Two detention sites totaling 127 surface acres and 749 acre-feet (244 million gallons) already completed] in great detail in order to formulate alternatives. Four alternatives are described in the exhibits to the right, and a comparison of the costs and benefits of each alternative is shown in the summary tables on Page 6. WORKING TOGETHER... ALTERNATIVE 3 ALTERNATIVE 4 federallocal White Oak Bayou Watershed White Oak Bayou Watershed

GOALS ¥ Identify and recommend an effective, affordable and environmentally sensitive flood damage reduction project for White Oak Bayou. ¥ Conduct the necessary engineering, economic and environmental analyses in a timely manner to obtain Corps endorsement, Secretary of the Army approval and Congressional appropriation of funds.

OBJECTIVES ¥ Reduce residential and business flooding caused by flood flows in White Oak Bayou. ¥ Enhance or improve the aesthetics, environmental quality and recreational opportunities, where possible, in conjunction with the flood damage reduction project. LEGEND LEGEND ¥ Minimize adverse impacts on existing neighborhoods and wildlife habitat. ¥ Minimize project cost. Existing Detention Existing Detention ¥ Maximize economic benefits to the community and satisfy federal criteria for financial participation. Detention Locations for Buyout

PLANNING CONSTRAINTS ¥ The project should have the general support of the affected citizens and businesses Alternative 4 utilizes buyout components exclusively. in the watershed. Alternative 3 utilizes detention components exclusively. ¥ The project must conform to the mission of the District and be implementable by the • Seven detention basins totaling 432 surface acres and adding 2,894 acre-feet (943 million gallons) of flood • Acquisition of approximately 1,900 homes and businesses in the 10% (10-year) flood plain. District under existing laws, ordinances and policies. storage. [Four detention sites totaling 307 surface acres and 1,274 acre-feet (415 million gallons) already ¥ The project must be developed following the applicable policies and guidelines of completed] Unlike Alternatives 1, 2, and 3, those homes remaining in the flood plain would not see a decrease in the frequency the Corps. and magnitude of flooding. ¥ The project must not create adverse flood impacts. This is the economically-optimized detention-only alternative. FEASIBILITY STUDY

4 5 WhiteWhite Oak Regional Plan is Extensive and Efficient The charts on this page illustrate the economic effects and values, as well as estimated flood damage reduction O n November 6, 1984, Harris County layouts, tree preservation, wetland of each alternative, followed by the project schedule. Commissioners Court adopted the White preservation, wetland mitigation, aesthetic Oak Bayou Regional Flood Control Plan, water features, tree and shrub plantings,

Public Meetings with proper regard for community and included a provision, referred to as Section and expects the same for White Oak Bayou.

Project Study Plan natural values. 211, that allows a local sponsor the WORKING TOGETHER... Without Project Condition In a traditional federal flood control opportunity to take the lead on a project.

6 3 WhiteWhite OakOak BayouBayou HelpfulHelpful Definitions...Definitions...

8 This paper contains recycled fiber.