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Buffalo and Whiteoak Bayou Tmdl Total Maximum Daily Loads for Fecal Pathogens in Buffalo Bayou and Whiteoak Bayou Contract No. 582-6-70860 Work Order No. 582-6-70860-21 TECHNICAL SUPPORT DOCUMENT FOR BUFFALO AND WHITEOAK BAYOU TMDL Prepared by University of Houston CDM Principal Investigator Hanadi Rifai Prepared for Total Maximum Daily Load Program Texas Commission on Environmental Quality P.O. Box 13087, MC - 150 Austin, Texas 78711-3087 TCEQ Contact: Ronald Stein TMDL Team (MC-203) P.O. Box 13087, MC - 203 Austin, Texas 78711-3087 [email protected] MAY 2008 Contract #- -582-6-70860/ Work Order # 582-6-70860-21 –Technical Support Document TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………………………………..……………..….vi LIST OF FIGURES ………………………………………………………………..……… ... ….ix CHAPTER 1 : PROBLEM DEFINITION...................................................................................... 1 1.1 WATERSHED DESCRIPTION................................................................................. 1 1.2 ENDPOINT DESIGNATION.................................................................................... 5 1.3 CRITICAL CONDITION........................................................................................... 8 1.4 MARGIN OF SAFETY.............................................................................................. 8 CHAPTER 2 : SUMMARY OF EXISTING DATA...................................................................... 9 2.1 WATERSHED CHARACTERISTICS...................................................................... 9 2.1.1 LAND USE......................................................................................................... 9 2.1.2 CLIMATE......................................................................................................... 11 2.1.3 ECONOMY ...................................................................................................... 11 2.1.4 SOIL CLASSIFICATION................................................................................ 12 2.2 ROUTINE WATER QUALITY DATA................................................................... 14 2.3 FLOW MEASUREMENTS..................................................................................... 18 2.4 SPECIAL STUDIES................................................................................................. 19 2.4.1 SEDIMENT ANALYSIS ................................................................................. 20 2.4.2 RUNOFF ANALYSIS...................................................................................... 20 2.4.3 RESERVOIR DISCHARGE ANALYSIS ....................................................... 23 CHAPTER 3 : SOURCE ANALYSIS.......................................................................................... 25 3.1 REGULATED SOURCES........................................................................................28 ii Contract #- -582-6-70860/ Work Order # 582-6-70860-21 –Technical Support Document 3.1.1 WWTPS............................................................................................................ 28 3.1.1.1 DRY WEATHER EFFLUENT DISCHARGES ...................................... 29 3.1.1.2 INTERMEDIATE CONDITION EFFLUENT DISCHARGES .............. 42 3.1.1.3 BIOSOLID DISCHARGES...................................................................... 47 3.1.2 SANITARY STORM SEWER OVERFLOWS ............................................... 53 3.1.2.1 ESTIMATION OF SSO OCCURRENCE................................................ 53 3.1.2.2 DETERMINATION OF FLOW AND E. COLI LOAD FROM SSOS.... 57 3.1.3 REGULATED STORMWATER DISCHARGES ........................................... 64 3.1.4 DRY WEATHER STORM SEWER DISCHARGES...................................... 64 3.1.5 INTERMEDIATE AND WET WEATHER STORM SEWER DISCHARGES .......................................................................................................... 68 3.2 UNREGULATED SOURCES.................................................................................. 74 3.2.1 ON-SITE SEWAGE FACILITIES................................................................... 74 3.2.2 DIRECT DEPOSITION WILDLIFE CONTRIBUTIONS .............................. 85 3.2.2.1 WATERFOWL......................................................................................... 85 3.2.2.2 BRIDGE CROSSINGS............................................................................. 87 3.2.2.3 MAMMALS ............................................................................................. 88 3.2.2.4 LOADING CALCULATIONS................................................................. 89 3.2.3 SEDIMENT RESUSPENSION........................................................................ 93 3.2.4 BACTERIA REGROWTH AND DIE-OFF..................................................... 98 3.2.5 UPSTREAM LOADS....................................................................................... 98 CHAPTER 4 : LINKAGE OF SOURCES AND RECEIVING WATER.................................... 99 iii Contract #- -582-6-70860/ Work Order # 582-6-70860-21 –Technical Support Document 4.1 LOAD DURATION CURVES................................................................................. 99 4.1.1 FLOW DURATION CURVES ........................................................................ 99 4.1.2 BACTERIA DATA ........................................................................................ 101 4.1.3 LOAD DURATION CURVES....................................................................... 103 4.2 BACTERIA LOAD ESTIMATOR SPREADSHEET TOOL ................................ 106 4.2.1 BLEST SET-UP.............................................................................................. 106 4.2.2 RESERVOIR WATERSHED SEGMENTS .................................................. 108 4.2.3 SEGMENT 1014 ............................................................................................ 110 4.2.4 SEGMENT 1013 ............................................................................................ 110 4.2.5 SEGMENT 1017 ............................................................................................ 113 4.3 HSPF....................................................................................................................... 115 4.3.1 PHYSICAL INPUT DATA............................................................................ 116 4.3.1.1 DELINEATION OF SUBWATERSHEDS............................................ 116 4.3.1.2 METEOROLOGIC DATA..................................................................... 117 4.3.1.3 LAND USE DISCRETIZATION........................................................... 120 4.3.1.4 SOIL CHARACTERISTICS .................................................................. 128 4.3.1.5 HYDROLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS................................................. 128 4.3.2 HYDROLOGY SET-UP AND CALIBRATION........................................... 131 4.3.2.1 MODEL INPUTS ................................................................................... 131 4.3.2.2 CALIBRATION ..................................................................................... 132 4.3.3 BACTERIA SET-UP AND CALIBRATION................................................ 146 4.3.3.1 INPUTS................................................................................................... 146 iv Contract #- -582-6-70860/ Work Order # 582-6-70860-21 –Technical Support Document 4.3.3.2 CALIBRATION ..................................................................................... 146 CHAPTER 5 : SOURCE EVALUATION ................................................................................. 168 5.1 LOAD DURATION CURVES............................................................................... 168 5.2 BLEST .................................................................................................................... 170 5.3 HSPF....................................................................................................................... 172 5.4 SUMMARY OF LOAD ALLOCATION METHODS........................................... 181 5.5 UNCERTAINTY AND CONSERVATIVE ASSUMPTIONS.............................. 181 CHAPTER 6 : PUBLIC PARTICIPATION............................................................................... 182 CHAPTER 7 : REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 183 APPENDIX A : WWTP SUPPORTING DATA APPENDIX B : SSO SUPPORTING DATA APPENDIX C : DRY WEATHER STORM SEWER SUPPORTING DATA APPENDIX D : WET WEATHER STORM SEWER SUPPORTING DATA APPENDIX E : SEPTIC SYSTEM SUPPORTING DATA APPENDIX F : DIRECT DEPOSITION SUPPORTING DATA APPENDIX G : SEDIMENT SUPPORTING DATA APPENDIX H : DIE-OFF AND REGROWTH SUPPORTING DATA APPENDIX I : TIME VARYING FLOW ALGORITHM SUPPORTING DATA APPENDIX J : STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT SUPPORTING DATA v Contract #- -582-6-70860/ Work Order # 582-6-70860-21 –Technical Support Document LIST OF TABLES TABLE # TITLE PAGE # Table 1.1 Water Bodies and Associated Watersheds.................................................................... 4 Table 1.2 Summary of Bacteria Routine Monitoring Data for Segment 1013 ............................. 7 Table 2.1 Summary of Land Use in Buffalo and Whiteoak Bayous .......................................... 10 Table 2.2 Soil Series in Buffalo and Whiteoak Bayou Watersheds ........................................... 13 Table 2.3 Routine Monitoring Data for E. coli in the Study Area (between 2001 and 2005)....
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