Heimstätten Der Nation Ostmitteleuropäische Vereins- Und Gesellschaftshäuser Im Transnationalen Vergleich

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Heimstätten Der Nation Ostmitteleuropäische Vereins- Und Gesellschaftshäuser Im Transnationalen Vergleich Aus rechtlichen Gründen wurden die Bilder entfernt TAGUNGEN zur Ostmitteleuropaforschung 32 Heimstätten der Nation Ostmitteleuropäische Vereins- und Gesellschaftshäuser im transnationalen Vergleich Herausgegeben von Peter Haslinger, Heidi Hein-Kircher und Rudolf Jaworski Heimstätt en der Nation – Ostmitt eleuropäische Vereins- und Gesellschaft shäuser im transnationalen Vergleich TAGUNGEN ZUR OSTMITT ELEUROPAFORSCHUNG Herausgegeben vom Herder-Institut für historische Ostmitt eleuropaforschung – Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft 32 Heimstätt en der Nation Ostmitt eleuropäische Vereins- und Gesellschaft shäuser im transnationalen Vergleich Herausgegeben von PETER HASLINGER, HEIDI HEIN-KIRCHER und RUDOLF JAWORSKI VERLAG HERDER-INSTITUT · MARBURG · 2013 Bibliografi sche Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografi e; detaillierte bibliografi sche Daten sind im Internet über <htt p://dnb.ddb.de> abrufb ar 2. überarbeitete Aufl age 2014 © 2013 by Herder-Institut für historische Ostmitt eleuropaforschung – Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft , 35037 Marburg, Gisonenweg 5-7 Printed in Germany Alle Rechte vorbehalten Satz: Herder-Institut für historische Ostmitt eleuropaforschung – Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft , 35037 Marburg Druck und Bindung: KN Digital Printforce GmbH, Stutt gart Umschlagbilder: rechts: Aleksej F. Bubyr’, Nikolaj V. Vasil’ev, Deutsches Th eater, Reval, 1910. Quelle: Estnisches Architekturmuseum links: Narodni dom in Triest, historische Fotografi e, vor 1914. Quelle: Fotothek der historischen Abteilung bei der National- und Studien- bibliothek in Triest, Odsek – NŠK ISBN 978-3-87969-369-6 Inhalt Vorwort ................................................................................................................................................................................................ VII Rudolf Jaworski, Peter Haslinger und Heidi Hein-Kircher: Einleitung ................... 1 Diff erenzierte Repräsentation: Nationalhäuser als Identitätsräume Jiří Malíř: Vereinshäuser in Brünn und in den national gemischten Städten Mährens vor 1914 .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 13 Anna Veronika Wen d lan d : Macht, Medien und öff entlicher Raum in galizischen Na tio- nal- und Gesellschaft shäusern: Der Lemberger ruthenisch-ukrainische Narodnyj dim in seinem Kontext ..................................................................................................................................................................... 51 Jörg Hac k man n : Nationale Vereinshäuser im städtischen Raum Estlands .................................. 71 Mariana Hausleitner: Fünf verschiedene Vereinshäuser in Czernowitz und ihre Ent- wicklung bis 1914 ............................................................................................................................................................... 89 Zwischen Repräsentation und Geselligkeit: Nationalhäuser als Identitätsangebote Jan Schlürmann: Die Versammlungshäuser der dänischen Minderheit in Schleswig 1864-1920 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 115 Elena Man n ov á und Daniela K o daj ov á : Diff erenzierte Repräsentation slowakischer Nation im urbanen Raum: Das nationale „Haus“ in Martin und das Katholische Vereins- haus in Skalica ......................................................................................................................................................................... 137 Monika Pemič: Die eigene Präsenz manifestieren: Die Slowenen und ihr Zentrum in Triest ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 161 Nenad Ma ku l j e v i ć : Das Heim der Matica srpska in Pest und Novi Sad als Ort der Ver- sammlung und Repräsentation der serbischen Nation ............................................................................ 183 V Zeichen und Funktion: Nationalhäuser im urbanen Raum Witold Moli k : Das „Bazar“ in Posen – vom Hotel zur Drehscheibe nationalpolnischer Be- strebungen ................................................................................................................................................................................ 199 Jānis Krastiņš: Die lett ischen Vereinshäuser und das Kulturhaus „Ziemeļblāzma“ in Riga ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 215 Maria Mirtschin: Ikonografi e und Funktion des Wendischen Hauses (Serbski dom) in Bautzen ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 237 Fazit und Ausblick: Nationalhäuser als Forschungsfeld Michaela Mare k : Gebaute Geselligkeit – gebaute Nationalkultur. Fragen an eine unbe- kannte Baugatt ung des 19. Jahrhunderts und ihre Ausprägungen in Ostmitt eleuropa ..... 251 VI Vorwort Nationale Vereins- und Gesellschaft shäuser fungierten in der zweiten Hälft e des 19. Jahrhunderts in vielen multiethnisch geprägten Städten des östlichen Europas nicht nur als reine Veranstaltungs- und Begegnungszentren, sondern auch als Kristallisationspunkte nationaler Bewegungen. Dabei handelt es sich um Institutionen, die bislang noch wenig Aufmerksamkeit in der Forschung gefun- den haben. Der Schwerpunkt des vorliegenden Sammelbandes liegt auf den nationalen Vereinshäu- sern in den multiethnischen Gebieten Ostmitt eleuropas in der zweiten Hälft e des 19. Jahrhunderts, die transdisziplinär und in vergleichender Perspektive vorgestellt werden sollen. Ergänzend werden aber auch Fallstudien zu Vorläufern und Entsprechungsformen in anderen europäischen Regionen präsentiert, um so Vergleichsmöglichkeiten zu bieten und damit die ostmitt eleuropäischen Spezifi - ka besser herausarbeiten zu können. Neben diesem synchron-vergleichenden Ansatz steht der Blick auf dem historischen Wandel in Funktion, Bedeutung und Politik der Vereinshäuser, der durch ge- änderte politische Rahmenbedingungen initiiert wurde. Im Habsburgerreich beispielsweise hatt e der Konstitutionalisierungsprozess ab den 1860er Jahren eine Umstrukturierung und Verlagerung politischer Öff entlichkeiten und Foren zur Folge – vom Vereinswesen zum Parteiensystem, vom Sa- lon und Vereinshaus in die Parlamente. Ferner bewirkte der „Übergang zur Massenpolitik“ (Harald Binder) eine Rollen- und Bedeutungsverschiebung lokaler Vereinshäuser – bis hin zur Infragestel- lung traditioneller Funktionen. Als weitere wichtige Zäsur sind der Erste Weltkrieg und der Prozess der Nationalstaatsbildung in seinem Gefolge anzusehen. Nach 1918 kam es zu Staatsbildungskrie- gen und -konfl ikten und zu neuen kulturellen ehrheits-Minderheitskonstellationen,M die sich wie- derum auf die jeweiligen nationalen Foren in urbanen Zentren auswirkten. Vor dem Hintergrund all dieser Befunde fand im März 2010 im Herder-Institut für historische Ostmitt eleuropaforschung eine Tagung „‚Heimstätt en der Nation‘ – Ostmitt eleuropäische Vereins- und Gesellschaft shäuser im transnationalen Vergleich“ statt . Sie stellte gewissermaßen eine konse- quente Fortsetzung der beiden von Peter Haslinger und Pieter Judson geleiteten Tagungen zu den nationalen Schutzvereinen in Bratislava und Marburg in den Jahren 2006 und 20071 dar. Für die großzügige Förderung der Tagung danken die Herausgeber der Fritz Th yssen Stift ung sehr. Obwohl das Tagungsprojekt „Heimstätt en der Nation“ auf ein positives Echo in der scientifi c community gestoßen war, sollte es sich im Nachhinein als überaus schwierig erweisen, selbst für die 1 Peter Haslinger (Hrsg.): Schutzvereine in Ostmitt eleuropa. Vereinswesen, Sprachenkonfl ikte und Dynamiken nationaler Mobilisierung 1860-1939, Marburg 2009 (Tagungen zur Ostmitt eleuropa-For- schung, 25). VII hier vornehmlich interessierende Großregion Ostmitt eleuropa alle wünschbaren Th emenfelder zu berücksichtigen und einschlägig ausgewiesene Spezialisten zu gewinnen, so dass an eine fl ächende- ckende Bearbeitung von vornherein gar nicht zu denken war. Die ursprüngliche Absicht, die Ver- einshäuserproblematik in einem breiten gesamteuropäischen Horizont in diesem Band aufzurollen, musste daher wieder aufgegeben werden, so dass schließlich nur eine einzige – allerdings sehr hilf- reiche – Vergleichsstudie zur deutsch-dänischen Kontaktzone übrig blieb. Statt dessen war es aber möglich, eine zusätzliche Autorin (Mariana Hausleitner) im Nachhinein zu gewinnen und damit zur Abrundung des Gesamtbildes beizutragen, während die Tagungsbeiträge von Mathias Niendorf (Greifswald) über die Litauer als „unbehauste“ Nation und von Wilfried Setzler (Tübingen) über die Entwicklung des dortigen „Museums“ vom Leseverein zum Kulturhaus zwar wichtige Diskussions- beiträge im Rahmen der Tagung waren, aber aus dem jeweiligen Th ema zu entnehmenden Grün- den nicht als Beitrag zum Band ausgearbeitet wurden. Da es sich bei dem vorgelegten Sammelband zur gleichnamigen Tagung um eine erstmalige Be- standsaufnahme zu einer bislang in den Kulturwissenschaft
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