9781107040168 Index.Pdf

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04016-8 - Architecture and Ritual in the Churches of Constantinople: Ninth to Fifteenth Centuries Vasileios Marinis Index More information

INDEX

Note : Page numbers in italics indicate illustrations.

ad sanctos burials, 60 Apokaukos, John (d. 1233), 69 aer , 22 Apostles, church of the Holy, 85, 91 Agathe, festival of, 111 apse agrypnia , 15 , 209 ; see also vigils central, 26–30 Ahunbay, Metin, 143 terminology for parts, 35–36 Ahunbay, Zeynep, 143 tripartition, 34 aisles, outer, 88–90 Aran, Berge, 123 , 126 , 154 functions, 90 Arbantenos, John (fl . 11th c.), 61 Akropolites, Constantine (d. ca. 1324), architecture Testament of, 61, 80 four methodologies for studying, 5–6 altar, altars, 27 ; see also ciborium ; synthronon relationship to ritual, 1 , 6–8 , 114–18 chapel, 78–79 arcosolia, 87 , 209 ; see also tombs consecration, 28–29 , 30 Artemios, St., 104–05 in multiple apses, 39 Asklepios, 104 symbolism, 32 , 117 Asmatike Akolouthia , 12 , 14 , 15 , 209 Altripp, Michael, 34 , 37 placement of choirs, 54 ambo, 54 asterisk, 29 ambulatories, outer, 88 Asutay-Eff enberger (-Fleissig), Neslihan, 34 , ambulatory churches, 52 , 63 39 , 138 amnos , 33 Athanasios I (patriarch of Constantinople, d. ca. anaphora , 23 , 55 , 209 1315), 92 , 105 , 111 , 162 Anargyroi, monastery of, 85 Athanasios of Athos, St. (d. ca. 1001), 84 , 86 narthex, 71 Rule, 111 Anastasia, St., 105 Athos, Great Lavra, prothesis rite, 84 , 86 Andreas en te Krisei , Hagios (Koca Mustafa Pasa̧ Athos, Mount, 15 Camii) (I ), 119–22 Atik Mustafa Pasa̧ Camii (II ), 123–26 naos, 52 compared with Beyazıt Church D (IV ), 128 narthex, 75 frescoes, 123 tombs, 63 , 75 naos, 52 Andrew the Fool, St., 105 outer aisles, 88 , 90 , 123 Andrew, martyr (d. ca. 767), 75 atria, 16 , 95–96 Angelos, John II Doukas Komnenos (d. 1318), 109 Autoreianos, Arsenios (patriarch of Constantinople, Anna (mother of St. Stephen the Younger), d. 1273), 30 100–01, 106 Ayakapı Church (III ), 126–27 Anna (mother of Theotokos) images of, 107–08 Babic ,́ Gordana, 45 , 78 , 80 supplication for conception and Bac kovǒ ossuary, 94 childbearing, 106 Balsamon, Theodore (d. after 1195), 35 , 47 , Anna Doukaina (wife of John Komnenos), 191 67–68 , 71 annexes, 98–99 concerning burial regulations, 60 Annunciation, imagery on templon, 43–44 concerning chapels, 78 Anthony of Novgorod, 95 , 100 , 111 concerning priests wearing costumes, 112 antidoron , 23 , 57 Barberini Euchologion, 20 , 33 apodeipnon , 209 Bardanes, George (d. 1240), 35

235

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-04016-8 - Architecture and Ritual in the Churches of Constantinople: Ninth to Fifteenth Centuries Vasileios Marinis Index More information

236 INDEX

Basil I (r. 867–886), 60 , 83 , 123 comparative size, 50 Basil of Caesarea, St., head of, 86 gallery and adjoining structure, 90 , 91 , 92 , 138 Basil the Younger, St., 81–82 naos, 50 basilicas, 16 , 209 narthex, 65 end of new construction, 17 , 52 niches, 37 Basilika , regulations on burials, 60 tribelon, 92 Bassou , monastery ton , 109 Christos Pantokrator (Zeyrek Camii) (VIII ), bells/bell towers, 97–98 143–50 bema, 209; see also apse; sanctuary chapel (Archangel Michael), 76 , 78 , 79–80 , 84 , symbolism, 66 85 , 143 terminology, 35–36 compared with Christos tes Choras (Kariye Bethlehem, symbolized by prothesis, 32 , 34 Müzesi) (VI ), 132 Beyazıt Church D (IV ), 128 church, north (Theotokos Eleousa), 88–89 , 143 Bible readings, 21–22 church, south (Christ Pantokrator), 26 , 143 Bithynia, monasticism in, 50–51 , 75 narthex, 65 Blachernai, church of, 86 , 106 outer aisle, 88–89 , 90 Hagia Soros, 86 reliquary, 29 icon of the Theotokos, 100–01 south room of apse, 37 nuns napping in, 109 synthronon, 28 Blastares, Matthew (d. after 1346), 69 templon, 41–42 , 42 Blessing of the Waters, 71–72 , 73 , 96–97 decoration, 143 Bodrum Camii (XVII ). See Myrelaion galleries, 91 Boeotia, 43 memorial services, 76 Bogdan̆ Sarayı ( V ), 27 , 129–30 niches, 37 compared with Sinan Pasa̧ Mescidi (XX ), 179 phiale, 96 lower-level funerary chapel and tombs, proskynetaria icons, 45 94 , 129 tombs, 61 , 74 , 76 , 143 Book of Ceremonies , 91 , 111 , 209 typikon, 35 , 58 , 89 , 97 Brunov, Nicholas, 89 , 90 , 204 Christos tes Choras (Kariye Müzesi) (VI ), Buchwald, Hans, 158 131–37 burials. See tombs altar, 29 annex, 98–99 , 131 , 132 cantors and choirs, location, 49 , 54–55 bell tower, 97 Cappadocian churches compared with change in form, 115 Constantinopolitan, 40 chapel, 78 , 84 , 85 , 131 , 132 catechumens, 16 ciborium, 28 , 29 cathedral rite. See rite, Byzantine compared with I-sa Kapı MescidiXIII ( ), 162 Chalkoprateia, basilica, crypt, 93 compared with Vefa Kilise Camii chapels, 77–87 ( XXVIII ), 204 decoration, 78–79 , 84 epigrams, 108–09 funerary, 84–86 icons, 46 liturgical use, 79–80 katholikon, 39 , 131 , 132 main purpose, 78 , 80–82 , 83 , 86–87 main apse, 26 , 131 repositories for relics, 86 mosaic, 103 side rooms of sanctuaries, 38–40 naos, 52 , 131 unconsecrated, 60 narthexes, 65 , 74 , 131 Chora ( VI ). See Christos tes Choras niches (prothesis), 40 , 131 Chora, monastery of, 80 private spaces, 92 , 132 Anthimos, church of martyr, 80 proskynetaria icons, 45 crypt, 94 reliquary, 29 relics, 94 side rooms, 40 , 131 Christ Savior, church of (Great Palace, templon, 42 Constantinople), 94 tombs, 62 , 74 , 132 templon, 43 churches; see also consecration, of church, and Christ Savior, church of (Xerolophos, names of specifi c churches Constantinople), 105 ambulatory type, 52 , 209 Christopher (protospatharios ), 60 change of size over time, 17 , 52 Christos Pantepoptes (Eski I-maret Camii)VII ( ), cross-domed type, 52 , 209 138–42 cross-in-square type, 50–52 , 89 , 209

INDEX 237

diff erentiated from eukteria , 60 as south room of apse, 37–38 hierarchy of holiness, 66–67 terminology, 35 infl uencing factors in design, 49–50 diataxeis , 19 , 209 nonliturgical use, 100–13 concerning patriarch ascending parts . See chapels; exonarthex; naos; narthex; synthronon, 28 sanctuary concerning processions, 36 relationship to Byzantine rite, 114–18 concerning prothesis room, 32 , 33 symbolism, 116–17 references to architectural context, 116 tombs in, 59–63 Diou, ta , monastery, 86 two-story, 94 domes, 52 , 53 ciborium, 28 , 209 iconographic program, 53 Clavijo, Ruy González de, 30 , 37 , 58 , 96 , 98 , 201 liturgical function, 57 collation meal, location, 38 doors, narthex, 65 colonnades, 91 drama, liturgical, 112–13 columns, 53 , 63 drinking in churches, 110–11 commemorations. See memorial services communion, 23 ; see also Eucharist eating in churches, 110–11 location, 56 , 91 Ebersolt, Jean, 119 marker of communal worship, 57 Eff enberger, Arne, 138 order, 56 ekklesiarchissa , 57–58 compline. See apodeipnon Elias (metropolitan of Crete; fl . 12th c.), 33 concealed-course. See recessed-brick technique Elias, church of St. (Petrion), 123 conception and childbearing, 106–08 Elijah, prophet, 83 confessions, location, 38 , 71 festival celebrating ascension of, 112–13 confi nement, churches used as, 105 Eminönü Church (IX ), 150–51 congregation Emmanoulidis, Nikos, 60 participation in Eucharist, 55 , 56–57 Enarxis (introductory service), 21 separation of, 54 , 55 enkainia . See consecration, of church consecration, of church (enkainia ), 28–29 , 30 , 209 entrances, liturgical, 15–16 , 21–23 , 55–56 Constantina (wife of Emperor Maurice), 75 location, 36 , 49 Constantine (brother of Andronikos II), 88 role of narthex, 68 , 71 Constantine I, heroon , 85 symbolism, 57 , 117 Constantine IX Monomachos (r. 1042–1055), epigrams, funerary, 108–09 152 epiklesis , 23 , 209 Constantinople Eski I-maret Camii (VII ). See Christos changes in Middle Byzantine period, 16–19 Pantepoptes churches, compared with Cappadocian, 40 Eucharist, 16 , 23 ; see also communion monasteries in, 17, 18 , 51 increased sacralization, 47–48 , 55 Constantios I, Patriarch, 123 preparation, 20 costumes, 112 sanctifi cation of souls living and dead, 62 courtyard. See atria table, 27 cross-domed churches, 52 , 209 euchologia, 14 , 210 cross-in-square churches, 50–52 , 89 , 209 Barberini, 20 , 33 crypts, 93–95 concerning Blessing of the Waters, 71–72 , 97 C urć ič ́ , Slobodan, 98 , 128 concerning consecration, 29 concerning memorial services, 75 Dalassene, Anna (mother of Alexios I Komnenos; fl . concerning skeuophylakion, 34 11th c.), 138 references to architectural context, 116 Dalgıç, Örgü, 201 Eugenia, wife of Michael/Makarios De Monconys, Balthasar, 201 Tornikes, 132 dedication. See consecration eukteria , 77 ; see also chapels Deisis, 43 diff erentiated from churches, 60 Demangel, Robert, 152 Euphemia en to Petrio , monastery of St., 60 , 154 demoniacs, 105 Euphemia, St., 61 Descoeudres, Georges, 34 Euthymios (patriarch of Constantinople, d. devotion, personal, 100 , 106 917), 85 diaklysmos , 110–11 Euthymios the Great, St. (d. 473), 106–07 diakonikon , 209 ; see also prothesis Euthymiou, tou , monastery, 85 modern use, 30–31 Evergetis (Christ) monastery, 154

238 INDEX

Evergetis (Theotokos) monastery Grammatikos, Nicholas III (patriarch of Blessing of the Waters, 96–97 Constantinople, d. 1111), 33 chapels, 80 Great Lavra, prothesis rite, 84 , 86 diaklysmos, 110 Gregory (author of vita of St. Basil the exonarthex, 65 Younger), 81–82 feast of the Exaltation of the Cross, 58 Grossmann, Peter, 167 memorial services, 76 Gül Camii (XI ), 153–58 narthex, 69 chapel, 78 phiale, 96 compared with Ayakapı Church (III ), 126 skeuophylakion, 98–99 compared with Toklu Dede Mescidi typikon, 45 , 110 ( XXVII ), 8 Washing of the Feet, 73 exonarthex, 65 exonarthex, 64 , 65 gallery, 91 , 154 decoration, 65–66 main apse, 26 , 154 practical advantages for services, 70 tombs, 73–76 Hagia Sophia, 12, 13 , 86 , 92 Eyice, Semavi, 123 , 129 bell tower, 97 burials, 30 Fatih Camii, 50–51 , 51 fruit kept in cisterns, 111 Fenari I-sa CamiiXXIII ( ). See Theotokos tou phiale, 96 Libos and Hagios Ioannes Prodromos prothesis rite, 31 tou Libos skeuophylakion, 31 festivals in churches, 111–12 Hallensleben, Horst, 90 , 204 Fethiye Camii (XXIV ). See Theotokos Hamilton Psalter, 101, 102 Pammakaristos Hawkins, Ernest J. W., 42–43 , 123 fl oor, 26–27 healings, 103–05 form, relationship to function, 1 , 6 , 114–18 Herakleios, Emperor (r. 610–641), 101 foundations, ecclesiastical, 19 , 61–62 , 82–83 fountains. See phialai heroa , 85 frescoes. See iconography/icons hesperinos , 210 ; see also Vespers function hierarchy of church attendees, 54 , 56 as methodology for studying architecture, 1–7 historical approach to architecture, 6 relationship to form, 1 , 6 , 114–18 Hırami Ahmet Pasa̧ Camii ( XII ). See Ioannes en to funerals. See memorial services Troullo , Hagios Horologion , 14 , 210 galleries, 91–93 Hours, Offi ce of, 12 , 69 , 210 place for women, 54 hymnody, 14 , 15 Gastria, ta , monastery (Constantinople), 60 , 74 Gemistos, Demetrios (d. ca. 1397), 46 Iasitou, tou , monastery, 162 gender. See sexes; women iconography/icons; see also under specifi c churches George the Younger, St., 75 Anna and Theotokos, 107–08 Georgios ton Manganon , Hagios ( X ), 152–53 chapels, 78–79 , 84 comparative size, 50 devotions memorialized in, 101 courtyard, 96 , 152 enhanced symbolism of building and ritual, 117 criticized by Psellos, 50 “exchange” of, 100 naos, 50 , 52 exonarthex, 65–66 phiale, 96 miraculous, 104 relics, 58 , 59 , 152 naos, 53–54 size and decoration, 115 narthex, 65–66 , 71 , 72 , 73 Germanos I (patriarch of Constantinople, d. 730), proskynetaria , 44–45 31 , 33 , 57 prothesis room, 37 Gerstel, Sharon E. J., 46 , 47 purpose, 48 Glabas, Michael Tarchaneiotes (d. after 1304), 84 , 85 , refl ection of liturgy, 56 191 , 192 substructure, 95 Glykas, Michael (fl . 12th c.), 47–48 supplication, 101–02 Golgotha, symbolized by prothesis, 32 templon, 45 Göreme, 38 , 39 on veils, 48 Grabar, André, 45 iconostasis; see also templon graffi ti, prayers in, 102 English neologism, 41

INDEX 239

transformation of templon into, 45 , 55 narthex, 97 incubation and sleep, 104–05 , 106–07 , 109–10 proskynetaria icons, 45 intercessory power of saints, 80–84 silver doors, 44 Ioannes en to Troullo , Hagios (Hırami Ahmet Pasa̧ typikon, 61–62 , 70 Camii) (XII ), 158–61 Washing of the Feet, 71 compared with Sekbanbası̧ Mescidi ( XIX ), 177 Kefeli Mescidi (XV ), 167–69 exonarthex, 65 apse, 27 main apse, 26 , 158 naos, 52 naos, 50 narthex, 65 narthex, 73–74 Koca Mustafa Pasa̧ Camii (I ). See Andreas en te niches, 37 Krisei , Hagios tombs, 73–74 , 158 Kodinos, Pseudo-, 31 Ioannes Prodromos tou Libos , Hagios (XXIII ). Kokkinos, Philotheos (patriarch of Constantinople, See Theotokos tou Libos d. 1377/8), 19 , 33 , 209 Irene, St., 86 kolyva (boiled wheat), 81 Irene of Chrysobalanton (d. ca. 940), 85 , 105 , 109 Komnenian family, burials, 143 Irene Palaiologina, 109 Komnenos, Isaac (d. 1195/6), 76 , 103 , 131 I-sa Kapı MescidiXIII ( ), 162 Komnenos, John, 191 naos, 52 kontakia , 12 , 14 , 210 Ivison, Eric, 182 Kosmas and Damianos, church of Sts., 123 Kosmas I (patriarch of Constantinople, James, chapel of St., 79 1075–1081), 33 Janin, Raymond, 129 , 177 Kosmosoteira, monastery of, memorial John en to Diippio , church of St., 75 services, 76 John I Tzimiskes (r. 969–976), 94 Kyriotissa monastery, 163 ; see also John II Komnenos (r. 1118–1143), 143 Kalenderhane Camii John the Baptist, monastery of St. (Petra), 37 , 58 , 98 , 129 lamps, 58 John tou Libos ( XXIII ). See Theotokos tou Libos votive, 104 John, church of St. (Oxeia), 43 , 93 , 104 Lazaros in the Topoi , monastery of St., 30 incubation, 104–05 Lazaros of Mount Galesion, St., 109 Joseph of Thessalonike, 85–86 lections, lectionaries, 21–22 , 57 Justinian I, heroon , 85 Leo ( protospatharios ), 83 Leo I, chapel built by, 86 Kabasilas, Nikolaos (d. after 1391), 62, 83 Leo Tuscus (fl . 12th c.), 33 Kalenderhane Camii (XIV ), 26 , 163–66 Leo VI (r. 886–912), 53–54 altar, 27–28 , 29 library, 98 chapels, 78–79 , 164 lighting, 58 gallery, 91 , 164 Lips, Constantine, 83 , 182 main apse, 26 liturgical drama, 112–13 naos, 52 , 163 liturgical rolls, 56 narthex, 65 Liturgy of the Word, 16 outer aisles, 163–64 Liturgy, Divine, 15–23 ; see also rite, Byzantine proskynetaria icons, 44–45 changes, 32 tower, 97 commentaries, 56 , 68 tribelon, 92 references to architectural context, 116 Kalopissi-Verti, Sophia, 45 compartmentalization, 55 Kariye Müzesi (VI ). See Christos tes Choras in Constantinople, 19 kataphyge . See crypts directives (diataxeis ), 19 katechoumena, 91 frequency, 79 people living in, 93 interpretation, 56–57 katholikon, 210 multiple on same day, 80 Kecharitomene, monastery of participation of congregation, 55 , 56–57 Blessing of the Waters, 72 , 97 Presanctifi ed, 19 , 210 , burials, 74 prothesis rite, 33 diaklysmos, 110 privatization, 79 exonarthex, 65 references to architectural context, 116 inventory, 57–58 role of narthex, 68–69 memorial services, 75–76 role of saints and relics, 59 , 83–84

240 INDEX

Liturgy, Divine (cont.) foundations, 61–62 of St. Basil, 19 revival, 51 of St. John Chrysostom, 19 stauropegial, 30 sanctifi cation of souls living and dead, 62 tonsure rite, 70–71 setting, 18–19 monastic rite. See rite, Byzantine substituted by typika , 69 Monomachos, Constantine, criticized by Psellos, 50 symbolism, 116–17 Mordtmann, August J., 129 Liutprand (Lombard envoy, d. before 972), 112–13 Mouchliotissa (XXV ). See Theotokos Panagiotissa Loukas, Hosios, monastery (Boeotia), 44 Müller-Wiener, Wolfgang, 128 Washing of the Feet, 71, 72 Myrelaion (Bodrum Camii) (XVII ), 172–74 lychnikon . See hesperinos burials, 95 , 172 , 175 chapel, 115 Macridy, Theodore, 40 compared with Atik Mustafa Pasa̧ Camii Maliasenos, Nicholas/Ioasaph, 61 , 82 ( II ), 123 Mamas, monastery of St., 31–32 , 69 fresco, 95 burials, 75 main apse, 26 diaklysmos, 110 narthex, 65 exonarthex, 65 substructure, 95 , 115 memorial services, 75–76 myron (fragrant oil), 29 Manastır Mescidi (XVI ), 169–71 naos, 50 naos, 49–63 , 210 narthex, 73–74 ambulatory type, 52 , 209 niches, 37 common characteristics, 53 portico, 169 cross-domed type, 52 , 209 tombs, 73–74 cross-in-square type, 50–52 , 209 Mango, Cyril, 5 , 6 , 16 , 42–43 , 50 , 90 , 138 , 204 decorative and liturgical accoutrements, 57–58 mantle of the Theotokos, 86 division, 63 Manuel I Komnenos (r. 1143–1180), 143 iconographic program, 53–54 Maria (wife of Michael Glabas Tarchaneiotes), 84 , symbolism, 53 , 66 , 117 85 , 191 , 192 tombs in, 59–60 Maria Doukaina (mother-in-law of Alexios I narthex, 64–76 Komnenos), 131 decoration, 65–66 , 72 , 73 Maria Palaiologina (daughter of Michael eating and drinking in, 110–11 VIII), 103, 199 forms, 64–66 Marianos (brother of Basil I), 60 function, 115 Markianos and Martyrios, Sts., 111–12 not considered as holy as rest of church, 67–68 Mary Magdalene, St., 30 practical advantages for services, 70 Mathews, Thomas F., 6 , 38–39 , 79 , 114 , 123 , 128 , role of Divine Liturgy, 68–69 201 , 202 sleeping in, 109–10 Matins (Orthros), 69 , 70 , 210 symbolism, 66 Maximos the Confessor, 53 tombs, 73–76 Medikiou, tou , monastery (Bithynia), 75 nave. See naos Megaw, A. H. S., 41 , 143 , 183 Nea Ekklesia (Great Palace) Melismos, 117 chapels, 83 memorial services, 75–76 , 88 , 108–09 , 115 crypt, 95 Menodora, Nymphodora, and Metrodora, phiale, 96 monastery of Sts., 169 Nea Moni, monastery (Chios), Washing of the Menologion of Basil II, 58–59 Feet, 71 Metochites, Theodore (d. 1332), 84 , 85 , 131 , 132 Nicaea, Second Council of (787), 28–29 Michael (bishop of Demetrias), 61 niches, 37 Michael, archangel, 83 ; see also Christos Nicholas of Andida (fl . 11th c.), 117 Pantokrator (Zeyrek Camii) (VIII ) Nikephoros (founder of monastery tou Medikiou , fl . Millet, Gabriel, 98 8th c.), 75 Mimar Sinan, 162 Nikephoros I (patriarch of Constantinople, miracles, 103–08 d. 828), 43 Mokios, St., church and monastery, 91 , 92 , 111 Nikephoros III Botaneiates (r. 1078–1081), 201 monasteries Niketas (chartophylax and synkellos of the Great churches, 50–51 Church), 48 in Constantinople, 17–18 , 19 Nikon, St., 109

INDEX 241

Notaries, Holy, commemoration of, 111–12 platform. See fl oor Plato (uncle of Theodore of Stoudios), 86 Odalar Camii (XVIII ), 175–76 porticoes, 88 , 89 burials, 95 , 175 praxapostolos , 210 chapel, 78 , 175 prayers outer aisles, 89 , 90 , 175–77 graffi ti, 102 relics, 93–94 , 175 private, 100–01 , 106 side rooms, 40 Presanctifi ed Liturgy. See under Liturgy, Divine substructure, 93–94 , 95 processions, 11 , 15–16 , 21–23 oil fl owing from icons, 104 reduction in Middle Byzantine period, 18–19 opisthambonos euche , 23 , 210 starting point in church, 36 Orchomenos, 39–40 , 83 symbolism, 70 ordination, 30 proskynetaria icons, 44–45 location, 68–69 prosphora (Eucharist bread), 21 , 23 , 210 Origen, 53 Protheoria , 28 , 35 , 48 , 116 Orthros, 210 ; see also Matins prothesis, 210 ; see also diakonikon ossuaries, 59 commemorations during, 83–84 Ötüken, Yildiz, 162 niche, 38–39 , 40 Ousterhout, Robert, 52 , 132 , 143 rite, 20–21 , 31 Oxeia, 43 development, 33–34 Özgümüs ,̧ Ferudun, 150 , 180 room, 20 , 23 iconography, 37 Pachymeres, George, 88 location, 30–32 , 36–37 concerning galleries, 92 symbolism, 32 , 33 , 34 , 117 concerning memorial services, 75 terminology, 35–36 Pallas, Dimitrios, 60 psalmody, nocturnal, 69 Pammakaristos. See Theotokos Pammakaristos psalter, liturgical, 14 (Fethiye Camii) (XXIV ) Psellos, Michael (d. after 1081), 34 , 50 Panagia Chalkeon (Thessalonike), 60 public spaces, loss of in Middle Byzantine Panagia Kamariotissa (Heybeliada), 53 period, 16–17 Pangalo (mother of Basil I), 60 pannychis , 210 Raoulaina, Theodora (ca. 1240–1300), 120 Pantokrator (VIII ). See Christos Pantokrator recessed-brick technique, 210 Papazotos, Thanasis, 162 relics, reliquaries, 28–29 , 61 Pargoire, Jules, 154 basis for prohibiting burials, 60 parrhesia , 81 use of chapels for, 86 Pasadaios, Aristeides, 88 , 169 , 202 use of crypts for, 93–94 Paspates, A. G., 182 , 202 Resurrection, monastery of the, 80 paten, 29 rite, Byzantine, 10–24 ; see also under specifi c liturgical patronage and exchange, 80–84 elements patrons, infl uencing factors in church cathedral rite, 11–12 , 14–15 building, 49–50 monastic rite, 12–15 Paul the Silentiarios, 43 neo-Sabaitic synthesis, 15 penitents, restricted to narthex, 67 , 69 periodization, 10–15 Peribleptos, Church of the (Mystras, Greece), 22 relationship to architecture, 1 , 6–8 , 114–18 Peter and Mark, church of Sts. Stoudite synthesis, 14 (in Blachernai), 123 Romanos I Lekapenos (r. 920–944), 94 , 172 Peter, chains of St., 58–59 , 86 Romanos III Argyros (r. 1028–1034), 63 , 201 Petronas (brother of empress Theodora), 60 Romanos, church of St., 94 Pharos, church of, atrium, 96 phialai (fountains), 95–97 sacristy, 37–38 ; see also diakonikon ; skeuophylakion Philanthropos, monastery of, crypt, 93 saints Philaretos the Merciful (d. 792), 63 chapels constructed for, 80–84 Philes, Manuel, 192 intercessory power, 80–84 Philotheos (abbot of Great Lavra), 84 salvation, role of chapel construction in, 80–84 Photios (patriarch of Constantinople, d. after 893), sanctuary, 25–41 ; see also altar ; apse ; diakonikon ; 53 , 96 prothesis ; skeuophylakion ; templon piers. See columns arrangement, 25 , 26–27 , 34 Planoudes, Maximos, 120 fl oor, 26–27

242 INDEX

sanctuary (cont.) concerning hierarchy, 54 name, 25 concerning memorial services, 75 rituals and functions, 27–41 concerning naos, 63 , 66 side rooms as chapels, 38–40 concerning narthex, 66 Savage, Matthew, 159 concerning prothesis room, 32 , 36 Schäfer, Harmut, 154 concerning reading of services, 70 Sekbanbas ı̧ Mescidi (XIX ), 177–78 concerning role of saints, 81 main apse, 26 , 158 , 177 concerning sanctuary, 25 Sergios and Bakchos, Sts., church of, 92 concerning Service of the Furnace , 112 Service of the Furnace , 112 concerning synthronon, 28 sexes, segregation of, 54 concerning templon, 46 S eyhÇ Murat Mescidi (XXII ), 181–82 interpretation of church building, 66–67 Sinan Pas a̧ Mescidi (XX ), 27 , 179–80 synaxarion (church calendar), 11 underground chamber, 94 Synaxarion of Evergetis , 36 , 96 , 110 singing. See cantors and choirs synthronon , 28 , 210 Sirkeci Church (XXI ), 180–81 Sixth Ecumenical Council, 109 table. See altar skeuophylakion , 16 , 21 , 210 Taft, Robert, 10 , 11 , 15 change in use, 20 Tarchaneiotes. See Glabas, Michael Tarchaneiotes location, 34 templon, 25–26 , 41–48 , 210 prayer, 23 basis for iconostasis, 45 , 55 terminology, 35 closing off , 47–48 , 55 transition, 31–32 decoration and iconography, 43–46 , 48 used as library, 98 icons on, 45–46 skeuophylakissa , 57–58 post-Iconoclastic, 43 Skleraina (mistress to Constantine IX terminology, 41 Monomachos), 152 veils on, 48 Skripou, church of the Theotokos (Orchomenos), Tesaites, Alexios (presbyter), 61 39–40 , 83 Teteriatnikov, Natalia, 39 sleep. See incubation and sleep Theis, Lioba, 89 , 123 , 138 , 154 , 163 , 183 , 204 Sophronios, Pseudo- , 27 , 32 Thekla, church of St. (in Blachernai), 123 , 202 Spyrakou, Evangelia, 54 Theodora (wife of Theophilos, d. after 867), 60 stauropegial monastery, 30 Theodora of Thessalonike, St., 104 Staurou 109 (liturgical roll), 56 Theodora Palaiologina (wife of Michael VIII, d. Stephanos, Hagios (Kastoria), 107–08 1303), 59 , 108 , 123 , 183 Stephanos, Hagios (Trilye), 50–51 Theodore of Arta (d. 1270), 75 Stephen the Younger, St., 106 Theodore of Stoudios (d. 826), 13–14 , 51 , 69 , head of, 86 81 , 85–86 Stethatos, Niketas (d. 1090), 47 Theodosia, church of St., identifi ed with Ayakapı concerning hierarchy, 54 Church (III ), 126 Stoudios, monastery of, 12–14 , 15 , 59 Theoktiste (mother of empress Theodora), chapel, 85–86 60 , 74 crypt, 93 Theophano (fi rst wife of Leo VI, d. 895 or 896), diaklysmos, 110 109 , 138 narthex, 69 Theophylaktos (patriarch of Constantinople, d. phiale, 96 956), 112 tombs, 85–86 Theotokos of the Pharos (church in Great typikon, 14 Palace), 53 Striker, Cecil L., 163 Theotokos Pammakaristos (Fethiye Camii) Stylianos Zaoutzes (d. 899), 53–54 ( XXIV ), 191–98 substructures, 93–95 bell tower, 97 utilitarian, 95 chapel, 78 , 84 , 85 , 88 Symbatios (brother of Basil I), 60 chapels, 115 symbolism, architectural, 6 compared with I-sa Kapı MescidiXIII ( ), 162 Symeon of Thessalonike (d. 1429), 15 , 116 , 117 decoration, 192 concerning bema, 66 naos, 52 concerning Blessing of the Waters, 72 narthex, 74 concerning church symbolism, 53 outer aisles, 89 , 90 concerning diakonikon, 38 outer ambulatories, 87 , 88 , 191–92

INDEX 243

side rooms, 40 exonarthex, 73–76 templon, 42–43 memorials services at, 108–09 tombs, 59 , 63 , 74 , 191–92 motivation, 60–62 , 73 Theotokos Panachrantos, monastery of, 86 narthex, 73–76 Theotokos Panagiotissa or Mouchliotissa (XXV ), in outer ambulatories, 87–88 27 , 199–200 prohibitions and regulations, 60 , 115 comparative size, 50 robbing, 63 naos, 50 , 52 tonsure rite, 70–71 niches (prothesis), 40 Tornikes, Manuel (d. ca. 1328), 108 , 132 Theotokos Pege, church of, 91 towers. See bells/bell towers Theotokos Peribleptos (XXVI ), 26 , 201–02 tribelon , 91 chapels, 78 , 201 Trilye (Bithynia), 50–51 katholikon, 63 Trinity naos, 52 symbolized by church building, 66 size and decoration, 115 trisagion, 210 tombs, 63 typika (liturgical), 69 , 210 Theotokos tou Libos and Hagios Ioannes Prodromos typika (monastic), 210 tou Libos (Fenari Isa- Camii) (XXIII ), 182–91 Typikon of the Great Church , 11 , 71 , 79 , 210 apses, 29–30 typology, architectural, 5–6 chapels, 78 , 80 , 83 , 86 , 183 church, north (Theotokos), 183 Underwood, Paul, 98 , 132 apse, central, 39 inscription, 83 Van Millingen, Alexander, 123 , 129 , 202 templon, 42 Vatican Manasses (Vat. slav. 2), 101 church, south (St. John), 26 , 183 vaults altar, 27 iconographic program, 53 naos, 52 Vefa Kilise Camii (XXVIII ), 204–07 compared with Atik Mustafa Pasa̧ Camii annex, 99 , 204 ( II ), 123 bell tower, 97 , 204 compared with Sinan Pasa̧ Mescidi (XX ), 179 chapel, 90 compared with Theotokos Peribleptos compared with Toklu Dede Mescidi ( XXVI ), 201 ( XXVII ), 202 decoration, 184 decoration, 204–05 narthex, 65 , 71 , 73–74 main apse, 26 niches, 37 narthex, 65 , 73–74 outer ambulatory, 87–88 , 115 , 183 tombs, 73–74 relics, 29–30 , 86 veils, templa, 48 side rooms, 40 Vespers, 69 , 70 , 210 similarity to Andreas en te Krisei , Hagios (Koca vesting, vestments, 20 , 21 , 23 Mustafa Pasa̧ Camii) ( I ), 120 vigils, 14 , 15 , 209 tombs, 59 , 63 , 73–74 , 183 Vita Basilii , 43 , 96 , 97 tower, 97–98 votive images, 104 Theotokos, supplicated for conception and childbearing, 106 Walter, Christopher, 45 Thessalonike, 60 Washing of the Feet, 71 , 73 , 112 Thiers, Adolphe, 119 in narthex, 115 Thomais of Lesbos, St., 101 Westphalen, Stephan, 175 Thomas (patriarch of Jerusalem), 14 wheat ( kolyva ), 81 Tokalı Kilise, New Church (Cappadocia), women 38–39 , 38 conception and childbearing, 106–08 Toklu Dede Mescidi (XXVII ), 27 , 202–03 place in churches, 54 compared with Gül Camii (XI ), 8 restrictions on church attendance, main apse, 26 67–68 niches (prothesis), 40 worship, compartmentalization, 55 tombs benefi t to community, 63 Yenikapı Church (XXIX ), 208 in chapels, 84–86 in churches, 59–63 , 115 Zeyrek Camii (VIII ). See Christos Pantokrator epigrams, 108–09 Zonaras, John (d. after 1159), 35