S.AfrJ.Bot., 1993, 59(6): 611 - 622 611 A synopsis of the genus Vitex L. (Verbenaceae) in southern Africa

Christina L. Bredenkamp* and D.J. Botha t • National Botanical Institute, Private Bag X1 01, Pretoria, 0001 Republic of South Africa t National Botanical Institute, Kirstenbosch , Private Bag Xl, Claremont, 7735 Republic of South Africa

Received 15 June 1993; revised 25 August 1993

A synopsis of the southern African species of the genus Vitex L. is given. Two subgenera, Vitex and Holmskioldiopsis Pieper, are recognized. The genus comprises nine species, three subspecies and two varieties. A new combination, V. obovata subsp. wilmsii (Gurke) C.L. Bredenkamp & D.J. Botha, is published. A key to the taxa,based on external morphological characters, is supplied. Vouchers are noted from several herbaria to aid identification. Notes are provided to clarify previous taxonomical uncertainties. Typification has been done to ensure that names are used correctly.

'n Samevatting van die Su ider-Afrikaanse spesies van die genus Vitex L. word aangebied. Twee subgenusse, Vitex en Holmskioldiopsis Pieper, word onderskei. Die genus bevat nege spesies, drie subspesies en twee varieteite. 'n Nuwe kombinasie, V. obovata subsp. wilmsii (Gurke) C.L. Bredenkamp & D.J. Botha, word gepubliseer. 'n Sleutel tot die taksons, gebaseer op uitwendige morfologiese kenmerke, word verstrek. Om identifikasie te vergemaklik, is verwysingseksemplare van verskeie herbariums genoteer. Bykomstige aantekeninge word voorsien ter verduideliking van vorige taksonomiese onsekerhede. Tipifikasie is gedoen om die korrekte gebruik van name te verseker.

Keywords: Synopsis, southern Africa, taxonomy, Verbenaceae, Vitex obovata subsp. wilmsii (Gurke) C.L. Bredenkamp & D.J. Botha .

• To whom correspondence should be addressed.

Introduction is an interim account of the genus Vitex in southern Africa The genus Vitex has a worldwide, tropical to subtropical aimed at providing names and a means of identification for distribution in both hemispheres, and comprises approx­ this taxonomically difficult group. A formal taxonomic imately 380 taxa (Verdcourt 1992). Pieper (1928) described treatment of the genus, including descriptions and specimens 87 taxa from Africa and divided these into the subgenera examined, is in preparation. Vitex and Holmskioldiopsis Pieper. Of the six southern African representatives of the subgenus Vitex, Vitex ferru­ 7186 Vitex L. ginea Schumach. & Thonn. subsp. amboniensis (Giirke) Vitex L. in Genera Plantarum, edn. 2: 233 (1743); L.: 638 Verdc., V. angolensis Giirke, V. harveyana H. Pearson and (1753); L.: 285 (1754); Adans.: 200 (1763); Juss.: 107 V. mombassae Vatke have a mainly tropical distribution just (1789); Lour.: 389 (1790); G.F.W. Mey.: 218 (1818); Roth.: extending southwards into southern Africa. With the excep­ 516 (1821); Endl.: 635 (1836); Schauer: 682 (1847); See­ tion of a few known specimens from Zimbabwe and mann: 190 (1865); Benth. & Hook.: 1135 (1876); C.B. Cl.: Mozambique, V. pooara Corbishley and V. patula E.A. 583 (1885); Briq.: 170 (1894); Bak.: 315 (1900); H. Pear­ Bruce (subgenus Vitex) can be regarded as mainly southern son: 211 (1901); Hutch.: 309 (1926); Pieper: 2-80 (1928); African taxa. All members of the subgenus Holmskioldiopsis Moldenke & Moldenke: 32 (1946); Moldenke: 142 (1955a); are endemic to southern Africa. Moldenke: 186 (1955b); Moldenke: 13 (1957a); Moldenke: Although Baker (1900), Pearson (1901), Pieper (1928) 70 (1957b); Moldenke: 129 (1958a); Moldenke: 197 and Moldenke (1955a - 1958b) contributed towards the (1958b). Moldenke: 21 (1961a); e.G. De Dalla Torre & H. present knowledge of the African species of the genus, Harms: 432 (1963); Melch.: 435 (1964); J.C. Willis: 1184 considerable taxonomic problems remained among the (1966); Moldenke: 73 (1967a); Moldenke: 222 (1967b); southern African members. These problems included the Lawrence: 687 (1969); Moldenke: 130 (1973); R.A. Dyer: precise delimitation of the infrageneric taxa and their 520 (1975); Moldenke: 216 (1979a); Moldenke: 328 nomenclature. Consequently, a comparative study based on (1979b). Type: Mediterranean areas and central Asia. evidence from macromorphology, anatomy and palynology V. agnus-castus L. (Farr et al. 1979). was undertaken (Bredenkamp 1988). A numeric taxonomic Mailelou Rheede ex Adans.: 200 (1763). Limia Vand.: 42 study based on a large number of characters indicated that (1788). Nephandra Willd.: 8 (1790). Allasia Lour.: 84 all the taxa of the subgenus Vitex are clearly defined, and (1790). Tripinna Lour.: 391 (1790). Chrysomallum although a strong relationship exists between the taxa of the Thouars.: 8 (1806). Pyrostoma G.F.W. Mey.: 219 (1818). subgenus Holmskioldiopsis, they are also clearly defined Wallrothia Roth.: 317 (1821). Ephialis Banks, Soland. & A. (Bredenkamp 1988). Cunn.: 461 (1838). Psilogyne De.: 132 (1838). Casarettoa This synopsis is based on work by Bredenkamp (1988). It Walp.: 91 (1844). Macrostegia Nees: 218 (1847). 612 S.-Afr.Tydskr.Plantk., 1993,59(6)

Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, palmately compound with 3 - 5 (7) pinnae, margins entire or seldom dentate; petiolule present or pinnae sessile. Inflorescences terminal, many­ flowered racemes or axillary, determinate compound di­ chasia. Flowers bisexual, slightly zygomorphic or zygo­ morphic. Calyx persistent, enlarging during fruiting stage; tube campanulate, 5-lobed; lobes often reduced. Corolla with 5 lobes, bilabiate, mauve; lip with yellow markings at base; tube white, often curved and hairy externally as well as internally, infundibular or campanulate. Androecium: stamens 4, didynamous, epipetalous, exserted; filaments basally broadened and hairy; anthers dorsifixed, divergent, extrorse. Gynoecium: ovary superior, glabrous, sparsely hairy apically, or hairy in upper half; bicarpellous, 4-lacular with a single orthotropous ovule per lacule, with axile placentation; style terete, exserted. Fruit 4-loculed, a drupe, sessile on a firm, crateriform calyx, or a nut enveloped by an infundibular chartaceous calyx. Seeds 1 - 4, oblong to narrowly obovoid.

Key to the subgenera and species 1a Calyx craterifonn (Figure 1) during fruiting stage, finn; fruit fleshy (drupe), globose or ellipsoid - Subgenus Vitex: Figure 1 Inflorescence of V. angolensis [Bredenkamp 306 2a Gynoecium glabrous, or sparsely hairy at the apex: (PRE)] showing the crateriform calyx and the drupe. Scale bar: 3a Flowers relatively large, 16 - 18 mm long. IOmm. Young stems ribbed ...... 1. V. harveyana 3b Flowers relatively small, 5 - 10 mm long. Young stems not ribbed: 4a Adaxial surface of pinnae sparsely hairy, tri­ chomes finn, imparting a rough feel to the surface; fruit ellipsoid ...... 2. V. patu/a 4b Adaxial surface of pinnae pubescent, vel- vety; fruit globose ...... 3. V. pooara 2b Gynoecium velutinous in the upper half: 5a Leaves palmate with three pinnae (occasionally five); pinnae sessile (petiolulate pinnae exclu­ sively in Angola); median pinna widely obovate or widely elliptic ...... 6. V. mombassae 5b Leaves palmate with five pinnae (exceptionally seven); pinnae petiolulate; median pinna narrow­ ly ovate, narrowly obovate or elliptic: 6a Adaxial leaf surface glabrous or scarcely hairy on venation; median pinna 55 - 142 mm long, petiolule 6 - 21 mm long ...... 4. V. ferruginea subsp. amboniensis 6b Adaxial leaf surface puberulent; median pinna 26 - 50 mm long, petiolule absent or Figure 2 Inflorescence of V. zeyheri [Bredenkamp 263 (PRE)] up to 5 mm long ...... 5. V. angolensis showing the campanulate calyx and the nut. Scale bar: 10 mm. 1b Calyx campanulate (Figure 2) during fruiting stage, char­ taceous; fruit dry (nut), obovoid - Subgenus Holmskiol­ diopsis: 8b Adaxial lamina surface glabrous or pubescent 7a Leaves with both surfaces of lamina macroscopically with white hairs; fresh leaves dark green ...... glabrous; median pinna narrowly oblong, narrowly ...... 9. V.obovata elliptic or lanceolate ...... 7. V. rehmannii 7b Leaves with both surfaces of lamina hairy; median Synopsis of subgenera and species pinna oblong, elliptic, narrowly ovate or narrowly Subgenus Vitex obovate: Euvitex Pieper: 29 (1928). According to Art. 21(3) of 8a Adaxial lamina surface densely velvety with the International Code (Greuter 1988), Euvitex must be re­ white hairs; leaves greyish green .... 8. V. zeyheri jected. S.AfrJ.Bot., 1993, 59(6) 613

Flowers with total lateral length 6 - 18 mm, strong tendency bticher 62(3), Beiblatt 142: 30 (1928). Type: V. ferruginea towards zygomorphy. Calyx 5-lobed; lobes often reduced, Schumach. & Thonn. Ghana near Aquapim, Thonning 265 0.5 - 1.5 mm long. Corolla tube 3.8 - 10 mm long; lobes 5, (C, syn., P-JU, isosyn.). dorsal lobes almost completely fused. Ovary globose or Axillares Briq.: 172 (1894). broadly flask-shaped, glabrous or hairy in the upper half. Fruit a drupe, ellipsoid to globose, 10 (- 21) x 7 (- 21) 1. Vitex harveyana H. Pearson in Flora Capensis 5: mm; sessile on a persistent, firm, crateriform calyx 212 (1901); Pieper: 56 (1928); Moldenke: 40 (1961a); (Figure 1). Compton: 66 (1966); Moldenke: 257 (1971a); Palmer & Pit­ All the species described in this subgenus belong to the man: 1951 (1973); Coates Palgrave: 808 (1977). Type: East­ section Axillares Briq. emend Pieper in Botanische Jahr- ern region, banks of the higher Tugela River, Gerrard &

a b

c

Figure 3 Representative leaves (XO.6) and their varieties (xO.3) In the subgenus Vitex. a. V. harveyana. b. V. patula. c. V. pooara. d. V. mombassae. 614 S.-Afr.Tydskr.Plantk.• 1993,59(6)

McKen 1250 (PRE, leeto.!, here designated; K, photo.!) (Figure 3a). Vitex geminata H. Pearson: 213 (1901); Pieper: 56 (1928); Moldenke: 257 (1971b). V. harveyana f. geminata (H. Pearson) Moldenke: 329 (1979b). Type: Eastern region, Zulu land, at the Umlasi River, Gerrard & McKen 2027 (TCD, holo. photo.!; K!). Vitex schlechteri Giirke: 299 (1904); Pieper: 56 (1928); Moldenke: 389 (1959); Moldenke: 727 (1971a). Type: Komatipoort, Schlechter 11731 (Z, holo.!; E!, G!, GRA!, K, photo.!, P!, S!, W!).

Vouchers Bredenkamp 255 (pUC); Rogers TM13278 (PRE, NH); Codd 5242 (K, PRE, NH); Gerstner 4212 (NH).

Distribution E. Transvaal, especially near Komatipoort, Swaziland and Figure 4 The known geographical distribution of V. harveyana N.E. Natal (Figure 4). in southern Africa.

2. Vitex patula E.A. Bruce in Bothalia 6: 237 (1951); ,.. " " 30' ". Moldenke: 44 (1957a); Moldenke: 40 (1961a); Moldenke: I I--F-~ [7---r-T -, " ) -- 317 (1967d); Moldenke: 258 (1971b); Palmer & Pitman: -ri=rr -- 'v 1962 (1973); Ross: 300 (1972); Coates Palgrave: 809 \.~ II·-tl' '=~r'-~ = -t · f ~-. (1977). Type: Transvaal, Zoutpansberg district, Kruger National Park, Dzundweni HilI, 11.5 miles S.E. of Punda 117" Maria, Codd 5319 (PRE, holo.!) (Figure 3b). tffU~: 1- tHJ' . 1 I, Notes ~ T-+- - ~- =r~- - t1f \ ---- J'i+t Ross (1972) treated V. patula as a synonym of V. ambo­ , ( ,/ :' t.) ~- - - 'j .~" , ,- ~f-:TC-::~:~. niensis. The results of the morphological and anatomical L _-1\_ ,( ! I ~~'-.l' ~~ ~ studies have since shown that these are separate taxa \ -' 't-+-i- - ' i ~t-I 7 I I - I -I (Bredenkamp 1988). \ i . -.. ,6.~/ IT 30' ! \ ! I I HJIA Vouchers -r I I I i I IV: I \ V -: Bredenkamp 247. 248 & 267 (PUC); Van der Schijff 3343 I T ! i\ I! I ! I~ : ~; .\ --. ----- 1 ! : I -- I I I I \o., .rT-1 I I I ! (PRE); Pooley 780 (NH). 32' 3( 36'

Distribution Figure 5 The known geographical distribution of V. patula in N.E. Transvaal, Venda, Kruger National Park, Mozambique, southern Africa. N. Natal and Zululand (Figure 5).

3. Vitex pooara Corbishley in Kew Bulletin 10: 333 (1920); Verdoorn: 45 (1938); Moldenke: 89 (1957b); Mol­ denke: 388 (1959); Moldenke: 76 (1961b); Moldenke: 258 (1971b); Palmer & Pitman: 1953 (1973); Coates Palgrave: 810 (1977). Type: Transvaal, Modder Nek. Nylstroom, lB. Pole Evans 19671 (PRE, holo.!; K, photo.!) (Figure 3c).

Notes V. pooara is related to V. isotjensis Gibbs (Corbishley 1920), but a study of the type material has shown that these taxa are not conspecific (Bredenkamp 1988).

Vouchers Galpin 11652 (PRE); Carlson in PRE1481 (PRE); Breden­ kamp 238 (pUC); Westfall 1556 (PRE).

Distribution Rare in S. Zimbabwe, N. Transvaal and W. Transvaal Figure 6 The known geographical distribution of V. pooara in _ (Figure 6). southern Africa. S.AfrJ.Bot.,1993,59(6) 615

4. Vi/ex Jerruginea Sehumaeh. & Thonn. Besler. Guin Two varieties can be distinguished: PI.: 62 (1827); Bak.: 324, 521 (1900); Pieper: 70 (1928); Adaxial surface of pinnae glabrous or scarcely hairy; apex Huber: 447 (1963); Hepper & Thonning: 130 (1976); Verd­ acute, acuminate or characteristically cuspidate ...... court: 66 (1992). Type: Ghana near Aquapim, Thonning 265 ...... 4a. var. amboniensis (C, syn.!, P-JU, isosyn.). Adaxial surface of pinnae puberulent; apex rounded to acute and not acwninate ...... 4b. var. amaniensis subsp. amboniensis (Gurke) Verde., in Flora of Tropical East Africa: 66 (1992). Type: East Africa, Amboni, 4a. var. amboniensis (Figure 7a) Holst 2578 (B, holo.t; HBG, iso.!; K, iso., photo.!). Vitex tangensis Gtirke: 339 (1895): Bak.: 321 (1900);

b

Figure 7 Representative leaves (XO.6) and their varieties (XO.3) in the subgenus Vitex. a. V. ferruginea subsp. amboniensis var. amboniensis. b. V. ferruginea subsp. amboniensis var. amaniensis. c. V. angolensis. 616 S.-Afr.Tydslcr.Plantk .• 1993.59(6)

Pieper: 68 (1928); Verdcourt: 67 (1992). Type: Tanzania, Tanga, Volkens 92 (B, holo.t). Vitex amboniensis Gtirke: 340 (1895); Bak.: 329 (1900); Sim: 94 (1909); Moldenke: 204 (1955b); Moldenke: 380 (1959); Moldenke: 28 (1961a); Dale & Greenway: 539 (1961); Moldenke: 227 (1967b); Moldenke: 4% (1968a); Van der Schijff: 81 (1%9); Moldenke: 257 (1971b); Palmer & Pitman: 1955 (1973); Coates Palgrave: 807 (1977); Moldenke: 361 (1979b). Vitex amboniensis Gtirke var. schlechteri Pieper: 69 (1928); Moldenke: 120 (1949); Moldenke: 206 (1955b); Moldenke: 89 (1967a). Type: East Africa, Lourenco Marques [Maputo], Schlechter 11715 (BOL, iso.; GRA!). Vitex polyantha Bak.: 321 (1900); Verdcourt: 67 (1992). Type: Kenya, Mombassa, Wakefield (K, holo.). Vitex laevigata Bak.: 330 (1900); Pieper: 69 (1928); Verdcourt: 67 (1992). Type: German East Africa: Usaramo; Figure 8 The known geographical distribution of V. ferruginia Dar-es-Salaam [Tanzania], Kirk s.n. (K, holo. photo.!). subsp. amboniensis var. amboniensis in southern Africa. Vitex swynnertonii S. Moore: 168 (1911); Pieper: 70 (1928); Verdcourt: 67 (1992). Type: Mozambique, Gaza­ land, Swynnerton 1054 (BM, holo.!)

Vouchers Codd 5434 (PRE, SRGH); Van Wyk 4015 (PRE, PRU); Bredenkamp 268 (PRE, PUC); Ward 2731 (PRE, NH).

Distribution Venda, N.E. Kruger National Park (especially at Nwambi­ ya), Mozambique, Swaziland and N.E. Natal (Figure 8).

4b. var. amaniensis (Pieper) Verde., in Flora of Tropical East Africa: 67 (1992); Pieper: 69 (1928); Mol­ denke: 206 (1955b); Moldenke: 29 (1961a). Type: East Africa, Amani, Institut Amani 221a (B, holo.t).

Vouchers Van der Schijff 152 & 740 (PRE, KNP); Bredenkamp 225 Figure 9 The known geographical distribution of V. ferruginea (PRE, PRU) (Figure 7b). subsp. amboniensis var. amaniensis in southern Africa.

Distribution Kruger National Park, Numbi, and Shabeni Hill near Preto­ riuskop (Figure 9).

5. Vilex angoiensis Curke in Botanische Jahrbticher ". 18: 167 (1893); Bak.: 325 (1900); Hiem: 835 (1900); Pieper: 70 (1928); Gossw.: 382 (1953); Moldenke: 207 (1955b); Moldenke: 98 (1967a); Moldenke: 227 (1967b). Type: Angola, Welwitsch 5758 (BM, holo.!; K!, LISC!) (Figure 7c).

Vouchers Bredenkamp 296 (pUC); Celdenhuys 321 (PRE); lankowitz 1334 (PRE, WIND).

Distribution Angola, especially at Huila. Namibia, Kuring-Kuru and E. Figure 10 The known geographical distribution of V. angolensis Caprivi (Figure 10). in southern Africa. S.Afr.J.Bot.,1993,59(6) 617

6. Vilex mombassae* Vatke in Linnaea 43: 533 (1882); Giirke: 339 (1895); Bak.: 326 (1900), pro parte; Th. Duc. & H. Dur.: 437 (1909); Pieper: 66 (1928); Moldenke: 120 (1949); Gossw.: 381 (1953); Moldenke: 383 (1959); Dale & Greenway: 597 (1961); Moldenke: 47 (1961a); Mol­ denke: 12 (l968b); Moldenke: 717 (1971a); Verdcourt: 155 (1989); Verdcourt: 63-64 (1992). Type: Kenya, Prope Mombasa in ora Zanzibarensi [Near Mombasa, on the Zan­ zibar Coast], Hildebrandt 1972 (B, holo. t; BM, iso.!; K, iso.!) (Figure 3d). Vitexflavescens Rolfe: 87 (1893); Bak.: 321 (1900); Mol­ denke: 383 (1959); Merxm.: 122 (1967); Moldenke: 717 (1971a). Syntypes: Malange, S. Marques s.n.; Angola, Welwitsch 5731 (BM!; K!, PI). Vitex mechowii Giirke: 167 (1893); Hiern: 834 (1900); Moldenke: 386 (1959); Moldenke: 722 (1971a). Syntypes: Angola, Welwitsch 5731 (BM!, K!, PI); Malange, Mechow 247 (B, syn. t). Figure 11 The known geographical distribution of V. mombas­ Vitex goetzei Giirke: 464 (1900); Bak.: 521 (1900); Mol­ sae in southern Africa. denke: 383 (1959); Moldenke: 718 (1971a). Type: Sansibar­ Kiistengebiet: in der Steppe siidlich des Rufidji [Zanzibar River, near Komga], Drege s.n. (K!, BM!, G!, MO!, OXF!, coastal region: in grassland, south of the Rufidji), M. Goetze PI, Sf). 85 (B, holo. t; K,iso.!). Vitex shirensis Bak.: 326 (1900); Moldenke: 389 (1959); Flowers with total lateral length 6 - 9 mm, regular. Calyx Moldenke: 727 (1971b). Syntype: Buchanan 231 fide Verd­ with tube, 5-lobed; lobes 1.5 - 3.5 mm long. Corolla tube 6 court (1992). - 9 mm long; lobes 5. Ovary globose or obovoid, hairy and Vitex mufutu De Wild.: 142 (1914); Moldenke: 386 white, glandular in the upper half. Fruit dry, obovoid, 3 X 4 (1959); Moldenke: 723 (1971a). Type: Ober-Katanga, Etoile mm, sessile in base of a persistent, chartaceous, campanu­ du Congo [Zaire] . No collector or number mentioned. late calyx (Figure 2). Vitex mombassae Vatke var. acuminata Pieper in Botani­ sche lahrbiicher 62(3), Beiblatt 142: 68 (1928); Moldenke: 7. Vilex rehmannii Gurke in Bulletin de L Herbier 267 (1967c). Type: Britisch-Ost-Africa [Kenia] Battiscombe Boissier 4: 818 (1896); H. Pearson: 214 (1901); Galpin: 23 (1923); Pieper: 74 (1928); Hutch.: 335 (1946); Moldenke: 2 (K, holo.!). 122 (1949); Moldenke: 112 (1957b); Moldenke: 388 (1959); Vitex mombassae Vatke var. parviflora (Gibbs) Pieper: 68 Moldenke: 78 (1961b); Moldenke: 34 (1968b); Moldenke: (1928); Moldenke: 717 (1971a). V. flavescens Rolfe var. 258 (1971b); Palmer & Pitman: 1957 (1973); Coates Pal­ parviflora Gibbs: 463 (1906); Gibbs: 459 (1916). Type: grave: 811 (1977). Type: Transvaal: Makapansberg Moun­ Hab. Victoria Falls, veld, Gibbs 135 (BOL, holo.!; BM!; tains, Strydpoort, Rehmann 5422 (Z, holo.!; BM!, K!) SAM!). (Figure 12a).

Notes Vouchers Pieper (1928) mentioned the occurence of V. mombassae Galpin M.282 (PRE); Meeuse 9491 (topotype) (MO, PRE, var. erythrocarpa (Giirke) Pieper in Livingstone, Zambia. SRGH); Wood 6794 (NH, PRE); Bredenkamp 200 (PRE, As it does not extend into southern Africa and no material PUC); Bredenkamp 285 (PRE, PUC). of this taxon had been seen, it could be retained from litera­ ture, but requires further study. Distribution Transvaal (particularly common in the Waterberg area), Vouchers Swaziland and Natal (Figure 13). De Winter & Marais 4796 (PRE, WIND); Bredenkamp 299 (PUC); Medonr;a 896 (LISC). 8. Vilex zeyheri Sond. ex Schauer in Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 11: 639 (1847); Distribution Kuntze: 258 (1898); H. Pearson: 216 (1901); Pieper: 74 Angola, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, N. Namibia (Figure 11). (1928); Moldenke: 122 (1949); Moldenke: 230 (1958b); Moldenke: 154 (1959); Palmer & Pitman: 1959 (1973); Subgenus Hoimskioidiopsis Pieper in Botanische Coates Palgrave: 812 (1977). Type: In ripis flum. Croco­ lahrbiicher 62(3), Beiblatt 142: 30 (1928). Type: V. obovata dillorum in inter. Afrie. austr. [Transvaal: on the banks of E. Mey., in valle inter Komga et Kei [in a valley of the Kei the Crocodile River] ,Burke & Zeyher 73 (K, holo., photo.!; BM!, PRE!., SAM!) (Figure 12b). * Accepting Verdcourt (1989) and (1992), pending his attempt to Vitex zeyheri Sond. ex Schauer var. brevipes H. Pearson: conserve Vitex payos (Lour.) Merr. 216 (1901); Pieper: 74 (1928); Moldenke: 122 (1949); Mol- 618 S.-Afr.Tydskr.Plantk., 1993,59(6)

denke: 231 (l958b); Moldenke: 154 (1959). Type: Trans­ Distribution vaal: Magaliesberg, near the Crocodile River, Zeyher 1369 Endemic to the Transvaal and Botswana (Figure 14). (BOL, holo.!; BM!, G!, K!, OXF!, P!, SAM!, S!, WI). Vitex rehmannii Gtirke f. subtomentosa Moldenke: 20 9. Vitex obovata E. Mey. in Commentariorum de (1954); Moldenke: 113 (1957b); Moldenke: 154 (1959); plantis Africae australioris: 273 (1835); Walp.: 87 (1844); Moldenke: 79 (1961b); Moldenke: 34 (I 968b); Moldenke Schauer: 693 (1847); H. Pearson: 214 (1901); Sim: 287 258 (1971b). Type: Transvaal: Wonderboom Nature Re­ (1907); Pieper: 74 (1928); Moldenke: 23 (1957a); Mol­ serve, Pretoria, Repton 2781 (PRE, holo.!). denke: 154 (1959); Moldenke: 312 (l967d); Moldenke: 258 (1971b); Palmer & Pitman: 1961 (1973); Coates Palgrave: Vouchers 810 (1977). Type: In valle inter Komga et Key [In a valley Bredenkamp 91 (pUC); Phillips 558 (PRE); Pole-Evans of the Kei River near Komga], Drege s.n. (K, holo.!; BM!, H18060 (PRE); Hutchinson 2927 (GRA, PRE). G!, MO!, OXF!, PI, Sf).

a b

• + c

Figure 12 Representative leaves (XO.6) and their varieties (XO.3) of the subgenus Holmskioldiopsis. a. V. rehmannii. b. V. zeyheri. c. V. obovaJa subsp. obovaJa. d. V. obovaJa subsp. wi/msii. S.Afr.J.Bot.,1993,59(6) 619

Vitex reflexa H. Pearson: 215 (1901); Pieper: 74 (1928); Moldenke: 225 (1958b); Moldenke: 388 (1959); Moldenke: 727 (1971a); Coates Palgrave: 812 (1977). Vitex wilmsii Giirke var. reflexa (H. Pearson) Pieper: 74 (1928); Moldenke: 225 (1958b); Moldenke: 122 (1949); Moldenke: 154 & 388 (1959); Moldenke: 258 & 727 (1971a); Palmer & Pitman: 1961 (1973); Coates Palgrave: 812 (1977). Type: Transvaal, in dongas around Barberton, Galpin 602 (BOL, holo.!; GRA!, PRE!, SAM!, SRGH!, Z!). Two subspecies are distinguished: Adaxial leaf surface appearing macroscopically glabrous owing to the lack of linear trichomes; median pinna (17 -) 21 - 29 (- 48) mm broad ...... 9a. subsp.obovata Adaxial leaf surface appearing macroscopically pubescent owing to the presence of linear trichomes; median pinna (22 -) 37 - 38 (- 70) mm broad ...... 9b. subsp. wilmsii Figure 13 The known geographical distribution of V. rehmannii 9a. subsp. obovata (Figure 12c) in southern Africa. Vouchers ,.. ,r Flanagan 578 (PRE); Gerstner 3706 (NH); Brown & Sha­ ". ... ". _-'!"---r-.20· ". ". ". ". ~: " I ~'~ V piro 347 (PRE); Bredenkamp 261 (topotype) (PRE, PUC); - v \ I Bredenkamp 208 (PRE, PUC); Codd 4734 (PRE, SRGH); .~ --t--- - "l ~ 0-1- Miller S254 (PRE). "'1 " L, - f--c-- , . t~:t U'" \-~I\r- I--- fit,' 22'--1+ - [-r---.-' V L _ , C " Distribution ~ _ _- ~:=-f=:- ~' r"cck1 'If 24': - - \ !:(' -I-+ ! Specimens of V. obovata subsp. obovata from near Komga ~ ~,,~ .{,;. ~; and the Kei River represent the most southerly distribution -,--r-- ( : 28' ,,.[It- -- 1-- -- - V : _ .,~ T ' of the species in southern Africa and for the genus in Africa. f\- \ ,\ • ~~ ,-1 '_/ ~~~~ _ , , ·n· N.E. Natal, Swaziland and S.E. Transvaal, particularly in ""1'\ \ t\G- Ie 1if-l'-J - -- " _.- 1 the vicinity of Barberton (Figure 15). ,', \ f I -: I.. ,V '\ I ".~f¥l1-:, 30' 3 ~i\-\-,: ire- fl[ I T- , \ _ _ , ! H~[L H·f_J 9b. subsp. wilmsii (Gurke) c.L. Bredenkamp & D.J. n·f---i--:--:;r--r-! ! Ii 132 ' i I ~ Botha comb. & stat. nov . Types: Transvaal: Bei Lydenburg, i , 1,.0V , , , ! i - --34' )~~l+~~\!tH,.. h-H i '" ' Dezember 1895, fruchtend (Wilms 158) [Transvaal: at 10' ". ". ". w ". ,.. ,.. ,.. 30' ". ,.. JI' Lydenburg, December 1895, bearing fruit], Wilms 158 (Z, lecto.! , here designated; BM!, G!, K!, P!) (Figure 12d). Figure 14 The known geographical distribution of V. zeyheri in Vitex wilmsii Gilrke var. wilmsii, Gilrke: 76 (1900); H. southern Africa. Pearson: 216 (1901); Pieper: 74 (1928); Worsdell: 501 (1941); Moldenke: 122 (1949); Moldenke: 224 (1958b); Moldenke: 54 (1959); Moldenke: 258 (1971b); Palmer & Pitman: 1961 (1973); Coates Palgrave: 812 (1977).

Vouchers Bredenkamp 294 (PRE, PUC); Burtt Davy 7289 (BM); Bre­ denkamp 251 (PRE, PUC); Codd 6756 (PRE, SRGH); Meeuse 9325 (PRE, SRGH); Thorncroft 13 (PRE).

Distribution V. obovata subsp. wilmsii is endemic to the central, S.E. Transvaal and Swaziland (Figure 16).

Rejected names Vitex guerkeana Pearson is a synonym of V. pearsonii Pieper (Pieper 1928). Vitex mooiensis Pearson is a synonym of Premna mooiensis Figure 15 The known geographical distribution of V. obovata (pearson) Pieper (Moldenke 1971b). subsp. obovata in southern Africa. 620 S.-Afr.Tydskr.Plantk., 1993, 59(6)

Vitex patuia E.A. Bruce ...... 614

Vitex pooara Corbish1ey ...... 614 Vitex rehmannii Giirke ...... 617

Vitex zeyheri Sond. ex Schauer ...... 617 Vi/ex zeyheri Sond. ex Schauer var. brevipes H. Pearson ...... 617 Vitex rehmannii Giirke f. subtomentosa Moldenke ...... 618

Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to the Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education where the M.Sc. study (C.L.B.) was undertaken and to the Foundation for Research Devel­ i i ~ i opment for financial support. We thank Prof. A.E. van Wyk, ! r ! ii i I i --- J~ . Dr G.F. Smith, Mr R.H. Archer and Ms E. du Plessis for ". ". ". ,,. ". ,.. constructive criticism on an earlier draft.

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