Íslenskt Plöntutal, Blómplöntur Og Byrkningar

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Íslenskt Plöntutal, Blómplöntur Og Byrkningar FJÖLRIT NÁTTÚRUFRÆÐISTOFNUNAR ÍSLENSKT PLÖNTUTAL Blómplöntur og byrkningar Hörður Kristinsson 51 FJÖLRIT NÁTTÚRUFRÆÐISTOFNUNAR Nr. 51, ágúst 2008 Fjölrit Náttúrufræðistofnunar er ritröð sem hóf göngu sína árið 1985. Birtar eru greinar og skýrslur eftir starfsmenn stofnunarinnar og fræðimenn sem vinna í samvinnu við þá. Í hverju hefti er ein sjálfstæð grein um náttúrufræði. Útgáfan er óregluleg. Greinar eru ritaðar á íslensku með enskum útdrætti. Þær mega einnig vera á ensku en þá skal ávallt fylgja ítarlegur útdráttur á íslensku. Vitnið til þessa rits á eftirfarandi hátt – Refer to this publication as: Hörður Kristinsson 2008 Íslenskt plöntutal, blómplöntur og byrkningar. Fjölrit Náttúrufræðistofnunar Nr. 51. 58 s. Checklist of the vascular plants of Iceland. Fjölrit Náttúrufræðistofnunar No. 51. 58 pp. Ritnefnd: Margrét Hallsdóttir, Guðmundur Guðmundsson, Guðríður Gyða Eyjólfsdóttir Netföng: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Kápumynd: Holtasóley (Dryas octopetala). Stílfærð teikning Anette Theresia Meier eftir teikningu Dagny Tande Lid. Útgefandi: NÁTTÚRUFRÆÐISTOFNUN ÍSLANDS Hlemmi 3 Borgum við Norðurslóð Pósthólf 5320 Pósthólf 180 125 Reykjavík 602 Akureyri Sími: 590 0500 Sími: 460 0500 Fax: 590 0595 Fax: 460 0501 Netfang: [email protected] Netfang: [email protected] http://www.ni.is Útlit og hönnun: Anette Theresia Meier Umbrot: Prentsnið ehf. Prentun: Guðjón Ó. – vistvæn prentsmiðja © Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands 2008 ISSN 1027–832X ÍSLENSKT PLÖNTUTAL Hörður Kristinsson EFNISYFIRLIT ÁGRIP .................................................................................................................................. 5 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ 5 INNGANGUR – INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 5 PLÖNTUTAL – CHECKLIST OF VASCULAR PLANTS ....................................................................... 7 ÞAKKARORÐ – ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................... 32 HEIMILDIR – REFERENCES ...................................................................................................... 33 SAMNEFNI LATNESKRA TEGUNDAHEITA – LATIN SYNONYMS ....................................................... 37 SAMNEFNI ÍSLENSKRA TEGUNDAHEITA – SYNONYMS OF ICELANDIC NAMES ................................. 45 SKRÁ YFIR LATNESK ÆTTKVÍSLAHEITI – INDEX OF GENERA ....................................................... 50 SKRÁ YFIR TEGUNDAHEITI – INDEX OF ICELANDIC NAMES ......................................................... 53 – 3 – FJÖLRIT 51 ÍSLENSKT PLÖNTUTAL NÁTTÚRUFRÆÐISTOFNUN ÍSLANDS, ágúst 2008 Hörður Kristinsson – 4 – FJÖLRIT 51 ÍSLENSKT PLÖNTUTAL NÁTTÚRUFRÆÐISTOFNUN ÍSLANDS, ágúst 2008 Hörður Kristinsson ÁGRIP lenskir mosar. Skrár og viðbætur 2003, Íslenskt sveppatal I. 2004, Þörungatal. Skrá yfir vatna- og Í þessu plöntutali eru skráðar og númeraðar með landþörunga á Íslandi samkvæmt heim ildum 2007, meginmálsletri allar tegundir blómplantna og byrkn­ en aðrar eru aðeins til í handriti eða hafa verið birt­ inga sem taldar eru til hinnar villtu íslensku flóru í ar á flóruvefsíðunni www.floraislands.is, þar sem dag, samtals 489 tegundir. Feitletraðar eru allar þær leit ast hefur verið við að safna saman öllum plöntu­ tegundir sem eru gamlar í landinu, taldar hafa ver­ listum á einn stað. Þar hafa verið að gengilegir eft­ ið ílendar fyrir 1750 þegar fyrst var farið að skrá irtaldir listar: skrá yfir villtar blóm plöntur og byrkn­ tegundirnar. Þær plöntur sem taldar eru aðfluttar inga á Íslandi, skrá yfir fléttur á Íslandi, skrá yfir og ílendar eftir 1750 eru með grönnu letri. Með smáu mosa á Íslandi og skrá yfir botnfasta sæþörunga við letri og ónúmeraðar eru allar tegundir sem vitað er Ísland. Höfundar síðast nefnda listans eru Karl Gunn­ til að hafi borist til landsins án þess að ílendast. All­ arsson og Sigurður Jónsson og birtist hann einnig á margar þeirra hafa aðeins sést einu sinni, en síðan prenti í tímaritinu Cryptogamie, Algologie árið horfið aftur. 2002. Nafngiftir eru einkum miðaðar við 7. útgáfu af norsku Sá listi sem hér birtist um íslenskar blómplöntur og 19 flórunni sem kennd er við J. Lid, eftir Reidar Elven. byrkninga hefur verið uppfærður eftir þeim lista sem Einnig er tekið mið af þeim bindum Norð ur landa­ fyrst var talinn hér að ofan, en í stað stafrófsröðunar 119,120 flórunnar, Flora Nordica, sem komin eru út og er hann settur í kerfisröð. Latneskar nafngiftir teg­ 155 umfjöllun Reidars Elven sem birtist í Blyttia 2007. unda fylgja að mestu norsku flórunni sem kennd er Fyrirhugað er að viðhalda þessum lista í framtíðinni við Johannes Lid, 7. útgáfu sem kom út 2005 í rit­ á www.floraislands.is á þann veg að breytingar frá stjórn Reidars Elven. Í örfáum tilvikum hefur þó prentuðu útgáfunni verði lit merktar. verið brugðið þar út af, einkum með því að aðgreina sem afbrigði eða deili teg undir plöntur sem í henni eru greindar sem sjálf stæðar tegundir. Einnig hefur ABSTRACT verið tekið tillit til 1. og 2. bindis Flora Nordica um tegundir sem þar er fjallað um og síðari ritgerða In this list all vascular plants belonging to the Ice­ eftir Reidar Elven sem birtust í Blyttia 2007.155 Um­ landic flora today are shown numbered in text size fjöllun um undafífla er í samræmi við skiptingu Berg­ letters, altogether 489 species. All native species, þórs Jóhannssonar 2004,14 en túnfíflum er aðeins regarded established before 1750 when floristic lauslega skipt niður í deildir, þar sem engin nýleg work was first started, are printed in bold face. umfjöllun er til um þá. Alien plants that most likely have been established after 1750 are printed in regular face. In small face Forsögu íslenska listans má rekja allt aftur til ársins and without numbers are all species known to have 1980 þegar óformleg Flórunefnd (Eyþór Einarsson, been brought to the country without getting per­ Hörður Kristinsson og Jóhann Pálsson) tók saman manently established. Many of these species have lista yfir íslenskar háplöntur, handrit sem hugsað been seen only once and are probably not present var sem grundvöllur að tegundaskipan í nýrri útgáfu in the country today. Flóru Íslands sem þá var fyrir huguð. Þessi skrá var lengi notuð á Náttúrufræði stofnun með síðari breyt­ Nomenclature follows mainly the 7th edition of Lid’s ingum. Hún var fyrst einfölduð og endur skoðuð af Norsk Flora by Reidar Elven.19 Those volumes of Berg þóri Jóhannssyni í nóvember 1986 og síðan Flora Nordica already published are also taken into Krist birni Egilssyni í ágúst 1988 og þá samræmd að account,119,120 as well as the explanations given by hluta við Plöntu handbók Harðar Kristinssonar.60 Þá Reidar Elven in a series of articles in Blyttia 2007.155 var skráin yfir farin og endur skoðuð af Eyþóri Ein­ This list shall in the future be maintained further on arssyni í janúar 1997 og í mars 1998 (Skrá yfir ís­ the website www.flora islands.is with alterations from lenskar háplönt ur) og notuð m.a. vegna vinnu við the published list marked. Flóru Norðurlanda, en var aldrei prentuð. Árið 2001 var listinn að lokum endurskoðaður af Herði Krist­ INNGANGUR – INTRODUCTION inssyni og uppfærður í samræmi við nýút komið bindi af Flora Nordica og að því loknu gerður aðgengileg­ Eitt af hlutverkum Náttúrufræðistofnunar Íslands er ur á www.floraislands.is. Eftir það var hann upp­ að halda skrár yfir allar villtar lífverur sem vitað er færður smám saman á netinu, og síðast 2005 eftir um á landinu, og afla upplýsinga um þær. Sumar að 7. útgáfa flóru Noregs kom út undir ritstjórn þessar skrár hafa verið gefnar út í Fjöl ritum Nátt­ Reidars Elven. Þar sem það er hlutverk þessa lista úrufræðistofnunar; Íslenskt skordýratal 1991, Ís- að skrá villtar plöntur, er öllum þeim þúsundum – 5 – FJÖLRIT 51 ÍSLENSKT PLÖNTUTAL NÁTTÚRUFRÆÐISTOFNUN ÍSLANDS, ágúst 2008 Hörður Kristinsson plantna sem ræktaðar eru í landinu (í grasagörðum, plöntur sem lítið eitt eru byrjaðar að dreifa sér sjálf­ skrúðgörðum, gróðurhúsum, matjurtagörðum, skóg­ ar án þess að hægt sé að telja þær ílendar. Þessar rækt og víðar) að sjálfsögðu sleppt, nema því aðeins tegundir eru ónúm eraðar, og um 250–260 talsins. að þær fari að sá sér út í villta náttúru og dreifast á Ekki er vitað hversu margar þessara tegunda vaxa eigin spýtur. Plöntutalið nær hins vegar yfir rúmlega í landinu í dag, því þær geta víða leynst þótt ekki 100 ára tímabil, þ.e. frá því að undirbún ingur við 1. séu um það neinar nýlegar heimildir. útgáfu Flóru Íslands hófst í lok 19. aldar og fram á Heimildir þessa lista koma víða að. Megin heimildin nútíma. Annað markmið þessa lista er að leitast við er þó ætíð Plöntusafn Náttúrufræði stofn unar Íslands að halda til haga öllum heimildum um slæðinga sem og Gagnagrunnur plantna, þegar ekki er annarra einhvern tíma hafa verið skráðir á þessu tímabili, þó heimilda getið. Í gagnagrunninum eru bæði skrá yfir svo að þeir kunni að vera löngu útdauðir nú og ekk­ plöntu söfnin, ýmsar prentaðar heimildir, og fjölmarg­ ert bendi til að þeir vaxi í landinu í dag. ar vettvangsskráningar. Upplýs ingarnar í Gagna­ Nokkuð mun vera á reiki hvaða merkingu menn grunni plantna koma frá meira en 900 einstakl ingum, leggja í orðið slæðingur, hvenær skuli telja þá ílenda, grasafræðingum og áhugamönnum, sem hafa safn­ og hvernig skal flokka tegundir eftir stað festu og að plöntum eða sent inn upplýsingar eða birt grein­ aldri í flórunni. Ítarlega umfjöllun um þessa flokkun ar um íslenskar plöntur. Sérstaklega ber þó að
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