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ALFABETISCHE TERMENLIJST Pagina 2 a a Z ALFABETISCHE TERMENLIJST Pagina 2 A a z. alpha. A = afk. adenine: toegepast in schematische weergave vd. bouw van DNA en RNA. a. = afk. Lat. anno: in het jaar. a-, an- = voorvoegsel met de betekenis: niet, zonder. Å = ångstrom: verouderde lengteeenheid; 1 millimeter is gelijk aan 10 miljoen ångstrom; v. nm, afk. van nanometer. Aalwijn, Aalwee N. ZAfr. = Aloe spp. (Asphodelaceae), ook enkele aloë-achtige verwante soorten. Aaron's Beard N. = Opuntia leucotricha (Cactaceae). Aaron's Rod N. = Koningskaars: Verbascum thapsus (Scrophulariaceae). ABA z. abscisic acid. abaxial ADJ. = aan de vd. as verwijderde zijde, aan de onderzijde (ve. blad); syn. dorsal; ant. adaxial, ventral. abbreviate ADJ. = afgekort. ABC Islands N. = Aruba, Bonaire & Curaçao: de voormalig Ned. eilanden die, tov. de andere Kleine Antillen ver naar het Westen, voor de kust van Venezulela liggen; v. Leeward Islands, Windward Islands. aberrant ADJ. = afwijkend, niet normaal, ongewoon, iets verschilled vh. type; syn. abnormal. abiogenesis N. = veronderstelde ontwikkeling van levende organismen uit dood anorganisch materiaal. abiotic ADJ. = abiotisch: btr. factoren uit de niet-levende omgeving die het leven van planten en dieren beïnvloeden; bv. beschikbaar water, pH vd. bodem, kooldioxidegehalte vd. lucht en licht; v. biotic. abnormal ADJ. = ongewoon, abnormaal, afwijkend; v. aberrant. aboriginal ADJ. = oorspronkelijk, inheems; btr. plant die van nature in een gebied thuis hoort; syn. native, indigeneous; ant. exotic. aborted ADJ. = defect, onvruchtbaar, onvolledig ontwikkeld. abortion N. = het feit dat een orgaan of deel vd. plant zich niet ontwikkelt of in de volwassen plant niet meer aanwezig is. abortive ADJ. = al in een vroeg stadium onvolledig ontwikkeld. Abrojo Sp. N. = 1) Opuntia tunicata (Cactaceae) 2) ook O. imbricata. abrupt ADJ. = 1) plosteling eindigend, alsof de top afgesneden is; v.truncated. 2) plotseling ver- anderend, niet geleidelijk; bv. een blad is toegespitst ipv. spits. abscisic acid, abscisinic acid, afk. ABA N. (Ch.) = abscisinezuur: plantenhormoon dat het afvallen van vruchten en bladeren en de veroudering van organen in het algemeen stimuleert; remt de groei van jonge organen, zeer lage concentraties bewerken sluiten van huidmondjes; v. phytohormone. abscising ADJ. = afvallend. abscission N. = abcissie, bladval &c.: afstoten van delen vd. plant langs een laag speciaal weefsel; bv. bij bladeren, bloemen en vruchten; -- layer z. abciss layer. absciss layer N. = abcissielaag: laag kurkweefsel aan de voet vd. bladsteel waarlangs bv. in de herfst bladeren afgestoten worden; een in de zomer geknakte tak sterft af, de bladeren verdrogen maar vallen niet af omdat er nog geen -- gevormd was. absorb VB. = absorberen: opnemen, opslorpen; een droge spons absorbeert water, vensterglas absor- beert deels het ultraviolette bestanddeel vd. zonnestraling; v. adsorb. absorbtion N. = absorbtie: opname, opslorping; v. adsorbtion. AC, afk. alternating currant N. = wisselstroom; v. DC.. Ac z. acetyl. acantha N. = doorn, stekel. Acanthaceae N. = Acanthusfamilie, Acanthusachtigen; z. Acanthus Family. acanthaceous ADJ. = 1) stekelig. 2) behorend tot de Acanthusfamilie, Acanthaceae. acanthocarpous ADJ. = met dorens bedekte vruchten dragend. Acanthus Family N. = Acanthusfamilie: Acanthaceae; oa. Black-eyed Susan N. = Suzanne-met-de- mooie-ogen (Thunbergia alata), Shrimp Plant N. = Garnalenplant (Beloperone guttata) en Pagina 3 Acanthus spp. acaricide N. = mijtendodend middel. acarpellous, acarpelous ADJ. = zonder stampers. acarpic, acarpous ADJ. = zonder vruchten, onvruchtbaar. acarus N. = mijt vh. genus Acarus of mijt in het algemeen. acaulescent, acauline ADJ. = stengelloos: (schijnbaar) zonder stam of stengel; bv. Paardebloem, Taraxacum officinale; syn. stemless; z. opm. bij Catmint. accelerator N. = versneller: toevoeging bij bereiding van compost om de ontleding vh. organische materiaal sneller te doen verlopen. accepted ADJ. = erkend. accepted species N. = erkende soort: soort die bij de revisie van bv. een genus door de auteur erkend wordt als voldoende onderscheiden van andere; ant. rejected. accessory ADJ. = toegevoegd, extra. accessory fruit N. = schijnvrucht: met vruchtbeginsel uitgegroeide andere delen vd. bloem maken het hoofdbestanddeel vd. vrucht uit; bv. een aardbei, Fragaria × ananassa (Rosaceae), bestaat uit de vlezig geworden bloembodem waarop de dopvruchtjes liggen; syn. false fruit, pseudocarp. X) acclimation N. = gewenning aan andere klimaatsomstandigheden. acclimatization N. = opzettelijke gewenning aan andere omstandigheden; v. hardening. accressent ADJ. = groter wordend na de bevruchting; btr. kelk of bloemsteel: doorgroeiend na de bloei. accumbent ADJ. = met de voorzijden tegen elkaar liggend. U) -aceae = kenmerkend achtervoegsel vd. naam ve. familie. -aceous = 1) achtervoegsel ipv. -aceae bij de naam ve. familie: dit duidt betrekking hebbend op of kenmerkend voor die familie aan. 2) achtervoegsel dat gelijkenis aangeeft; bv. foliaceous ADJ. = bladachtig. acephalous ADJ. = koploos, zonder hoofd: stijl niet op de top vh. vruchtbeginsel maar aan de basis ervan ingeplant. AceraceaeN N. = Esdoornfamilie: z. Maple Family . aceraceous ADJ. = esdoornbladvormig: met de vorm ve. esdoornblad. acerose, acerous ADJ. = naaldvormig; bv. dennennaald; syn. acicular, needle-form. acetabuliform ADJ. = ondiep komvormig: schotelvormig met iets naar binnen gebogen rand. acetal N (Ch.) =acetaal: ethers van aldehyden; bij oxidatie ve. primaire alcohol ontstaat via een instaiel ussenproduct een aldehyde, R.CH2OH + 0 --> R.CH(OH)2 --> R.C(:O)H + H2O; van dit tussen- roduct kunnen ethers afgeleid worden als R.C(OH)OCH3 en R.C(OCH3)2, deze worden respec- tielvelijk hemiacetaal en acetaal genoemd; hemiacetalen zijn ook instabiel maar spelen een belangrijke rol in de chemie vd. suikers. acetaldehyde N. (Ch.) = aceetaldehyde: ethanal, CH3.CHO; brandbare vloeistof, tussenproduct bij de oxidatie van alcohol tot azijnzuur; v. metaldehyde. acetic acid N. (Ch.) = azijnzuur: ethaanzuur, CH3.COOH; ontstaat onder invloed van bacteriën bij bepaalde gistingsprocessen. acetone N. (Ch.) = aceton: dimethylketon, propanon, CH3.CO.CH3; zeer vluchtig brandbaar oplos- middel. acetyl N. (Ch.) = acetyl: de van azijnzuur afkomstige groep CH3.CO--, in formules vaak afgekort tot Ac; v. acetic acid. acetyl CoA N. (Ch.) = acetylcoënzym A: combinatie van coenzyme A en azijnzuur; speelt een rol in de stofwisseling bij de afbraak van vetzuren, koolhydraten en sommige aminozuren. acetylene N. (Ch.) = acetyleen: ethyn, 'carbidgas', CH CH; gasvormige koolwaterstof met zwakke groeistofwerking; syn. ethyne; v. phytohormone. achene N. = dopvrucht: kleine droge niet-openspringende vrucht, de vruchtwand dun en niet vergroeid met de zaadwand. W), X), Y) achenocarp N. = droge niet-openspringende vrucht; bv. achene, samara. achlamydeous ADJ. = naakt: zonder bloembekleedsels, dus zonder kelk en kroon; ant. chlamydeous; v. dichlamydeous, monochlamydeous. acicle N. = zeer dunne stekel of stijve borstel. Pagina 4 acicular ADJ. = naaldvormig, btr. bladvorm: lang, smal en met ronde doorsnede, niet geleidelijk spits toelopend; syn. acerose; bv. dennennaald. C); opm. incorrect syn. aciculate. aciculate ADJ. = 1) vv. naaldvormige dorens of borstels. 2) zeer fijn gestreept, fijner dan striate. acid N. (Ch.) = zuur: een stof met zure eigenschappen, bv. azijnzuur, salpeterzuur. acid ADJ. (Ch.) = 1) zuur: een zure bodem heeft een pH (veel) lager dan 7; ant. alkaline. 2) zuur: zuursmakend: ant. sweet; v. sour. acidic amino acid N. (Ch.) = zuur aminozuur: aminozuur dat naast de aminogroep, -NH2, twee zure groepen, -COOH, bevat; z. amino acid. acidity N. (Ch.) = zuurgraad: z. pH. acidophilic, acidophilous ADJ. = acidofiel: bij voorkeur op zure bodem groeiend; syn. calcifuge; ant. basiphilic, basiphilous. acid rain N. = zure regen: regen die zwavel- en stikstofoxiden, ontstaan door luchtvervuiling als gevolg van verbranding van kolen en olie, heeft opgenomen en waarbij zwaveligzuur en salpeterzuur worden gevormd. aciform ADJ. = naaldvormig. acinaceous ADJ. = zaden of pitten bevattend. acinaciform ADJ. = kromzwaardvormig, btr. bladvorm: gebogen, vlezig, bolle rand dik en dunne rand dun; syn. cultriform, scimitar-shaped. aciniform ADJ. = 1) druiventrosvormig. 2) vol pitten; bv. een druif. acinus N. = 1) steenvruchtje; z. drupelet. 2) bes, ihb. druif. acitron N. = Mexicaanse lekkernij: geconfijte Echinocactus spp. acotyledonous ADJ. = zonder kiemblaadjes. acro- = voorvoegsel: betrekking hebbend op de top of het bovenste deel. acrobryous ADJ. = alleen aan de top groeiend., acrodrome, acrodomous ADJ. = acrodroom; btr. nervatuur: nerven min of meer evenwijdig vd. voet naar de top vh. blad lopend, syn. parallel nerved, paralellodrome. acrocarpous ADJ. = 1) eindstandige vrucht dragend. 2) geslachtsorganen op top van takjes dragend, btr. mossen; v. pleurocarpous. acropetal ADJ. = acropetaal: 1) zich van beneden naar de top toe ontwikkelend; ihb. ve. bloeiwijze, middelpuntzoekend; z. centripetal. 2) btr. bladeren: hoog aan de stengel geplaatst; ant. basi- petal. acrospire N. = eerste blad ve. kiemende graankorrel; v. plumule. acrostichoid ADJ. = sporenhoopjes niet in een speciaal orgaan maar aan de onderzijde ve. varenblad dragend; v. sorus. acrotonic ADJ. = acrotonisch, btr. ontwikkelingsvolgorde van organen: nieuwe organen zich vormend op of bij de top van bestaande; bv. vertakkingen van Rhipsalis spp.; v. basitonic, mesotonic. acrotonous ADJ. = naar de top toe benadrukt. actinodrome, actinodromous ADJ. = actinodroom, btr.
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