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PLOT AGAINST HITLER Eduard Roth

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15 October 2012 PLOT AGAINST HITLER (Atomic fantasy in 2 acts) All characters are invented. Any similarity with historical events is purely incidental. Eduard Roth 1 . 2 ACT I: THE WAR YEARS Main characters WERNER HEISENBERG: German physicist NIELS BOHR: Danish physicist ALBRECHT SPEER: German minister for armament KURT DIEBNER: Phycisist in charge of the nazi atomic program HENDRIK CASIMIR: Dutch physicist ROBERT OPPENHEIMER: Physicist in charge of american atomic program ROBERT SERBER: collaborator of Oppenheimer HANS BETHE: collaborator of Oppenheimer GENERAL GROVES: general in charge of american atomic program MERKADA: Argentinian physicist working in the nazi atomic program HORST KORSCHING: collaborator of Heisenberg GENERAL BECK: German general in charge of the plot against Hitler COUNT STAUFFENBERG: German colonel in charge of killing Hitler GENERAL VON KLUGE: Commander of german armies in France GENERAL VON STUPNAGEL:¨ collaborator of the former COLONEL VON HOFACKER: collaborator of the former PAUL SCHERRER: Swiss physicist CIA AGENT: member of the american secret services GREGOR WENTZEL: German physicist 3 Scene 1 - Copenhaguen - 15 september 1941, morning - Seminar room of Niels Bohr Institute (full of hidden microphones) - Present: Heisenberg and audience. Heisenberg: Alone in Copenhaguen and far from dark zipped eyes, I weep in my outcast state and curse my fate. I wish I could be like you, with friends possess’d and from dark earth I sing this hymn at heaven: If west would join anzip And Russia could defeat Anzip would plot against nazip Forces of the west unite And with anzip collaborate Audience: Heisenberg, you dont know what you are saying ! You are totally crazy ! You are the victim of the nazi madness ! Heisenberg: I am anzip. Audience: Nazi ! Traitor ! Note: nazip=nazi, anzip=antinazi, zip=svastica. Heisenberg wants to re- move Hitler from power and make an alliance between a democratic Germany and western countries against Russia. Scene 2 - Copenhaguen - 15 september 1941, afternoon - Close to Bohr’s house - Present: Heisenberg and Bohr. Heisenberg: Niels, look at this plot. We are designing at Dahlem a uranium reactor with heavy water. Bohr: Werner, I dont want to know anything about it. Heisenberg: Just take a look. Bohr: Werner, you already destroyed France, Holland, the Balkans. Now you want to destroy Russia ! And what then, the whole world ? Heisenberg: You should take a look and deliver the plot to your foreign friends. 4 Bohr: Werner, you are mad ! mad ! Note: Heisenberg wants to contact the Allies and make a deal: he will only de- velop a uranium reactor but the Allies must not attack Germany with atomic bombs, in case they succeed to fabricate them. Niels Bohr rejects the project of Heisenberg because the deal implies an alliance against Russia, and Bohr is very left-wing oriented. The invasion of Russia started in june 1941. The Americans will enter the war in december 1941. Scene 3 - Berlin, Reich Chancellery, Wilhelmst. - February 1942 - Present: Speer, Heisenberg and Diebner. Heisenberg: There are two uranium isotopes, 238 and 235. The first is abso- lutely dominant nowadays but it used not to be so in the past. The second is nowadays scarce. However, if a critical mass of 235 is achieved, it can produce an enormous explosion and destroy a large town. Speer: How much 235 is required ? Heisenberg: Only a very small and well determined quantity. Speer: So we go ahead. Which name for the project ? Heisenberg: Uranverein. Note: Heisenberg wants money to construct a reactor (he calls it an ’engine’), but tries to sell it to the minister of armement as a bomb to get the money. Scene 4 - Eindhoven, Philips Laboratories - October 1943 - Present: Heisenberg and Casimir. Heisenberg: It has always been the historic mission of Germany to defend the West and its culture against the hordes of the Eastern. Neither France nor 5 England have been sufficiently strong to play a leading role in such a defense and so, perhaps a Europe under german leadership might be the lesser evil. Casimir: I cant believe what you said, Werner. Can you repeat it in German ? Heisenberg: Da w¨are vielleicht doch ein Europa unter deutscher F¨uhrung das kleinere Ubel.¨ Casimir: Did you make a pact with the Devil, Werner ? Heisenberg: No need Henk, Ich bin das kleinere Ubel.¨ Note: There are several famous ambiguous statements by Heisenberg that can be misinterpreted and suggest that he is a nazi. But it is obvious that he is not a nazi as can be demonstrated later. The origin of these misunderstanding is that Heisenberg is very anticommunist and does not want to see Germany invaded by the Russians. Scene 5 - Oppenheimer’s office at Los Alamos - unspecified day in December 1943 (morning) - Present: Oppenheimer (Opie), Serber (Roby) and Bethe (Ansi). Roby: Hello Opie, What are the news ? Opie: Look at this drawing (see figure 1). It slipped out of Niel’s pocket yesterday. Roby: It looks like a bottle of cognac. Opie: Cant be. Look at the letter z. It must be anis, it was called ouzo in ancient greek. Roby: What about a bottle of porto ? Opie: Not possible. The shape is certainly a novel late vintage, like those in my bar, but there is no z in the translation to any hindustanic, semitic or arabic language. Roby: What about xerez ? there is a z and it looks spanish. Opie: Very good guess, but you know very well that Spain is occupied by the fascists and Niels would never drink xerez under these circumstances. Ansi: Guys, this is a heavy water reactor. I just did my calculation on the 6 back of an envelop. It will never produce enough fast neutrons to yield a nuclear explosion. D O 2 z Z Figure 1: Bohr’s plot. Scene 6 - Oppenheimer’s office at Los Alamos - same day as before (afternoon) - Present: Oppenheimer, Groves. Groves: Doctor, can you explain to me the meaning of this plot ? Oppenheimer: General, this is a false fission reactor. Groves: How should we call it ? Oppenheimer: Call it falsos, that means groves in ancient greek. Groves: That sounds good, ‘Falsos Mission’. Oppenheimer: Yes, but never say I passed you this name. Groves: Doctor, you are a genius. I swear I will never put in doubt your loyalty. 7 Note: The Americans understand that Heisenberg is only trying to construct a reactor and not a bomb, but they want to be sure by sending a spy to inspect the german atomic sites. Scene 7 - Berlin, Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, Dahlem - January 1944 - Present: Heisenberg, Merkada (Mercader), Korsching Heisenberg: So you come from Argentina. Merkada: Yes, from University of La Plata. Heisenberg: A funny name for an Argentinian. Merkada: In reality I come from Palo Alto (Stanford). Heisenberg: And you work with professor Rolenz (Lawrence)? Merkada: Yes, on separation of U-235 with a spectrometer. Heisenberg: What a coincidence, we have a spectrometer too. Merkada: May have a look at it ? Heisenberg: Sure, make a tour with my talented young colleague Host Ko- rsching. But dont forget to pay him 500 000 pesetas and give to him a good position at La Plata at the end of the war. Merkada: Thanks a lot. I will inform about your hospitality the argentinian ambassador in Madrid. (possibly this was the nickname of Colonel Hohen- thal, The american spy chief in Spain) Note: The University of La Plata had no interest in atomic physics at the time. The presence of an argentinian physicist coming from La Plata Uni- versity to inspect the german atomic sites is certified by the Farm Hall tran- scripts. Most probably he is a spy sent by the Americans to confirm that Heisenberg is not trying to build a bomb. 8 Scene 8 - Meeting of the Bavarianvereingemainesanzip (BVGA) - - Unspecified day in 1943 (but it was a wednesday) - Present: Heisenberg, Beck, Stauffenberg Beck: So today we are talking again about chimpanski ? Heisenberg: Naturlich, Herr General ! Beck: Did you succeed to complete your calculations ? Heisenberg: The energy in the sun is very complicated to calculate, Herr Gen- eral ! That needs to be renormalized. There are infinities of higher orders. What are the news from Erwin Rommel? Beck: He will join us as agreed. Note: General Beck was in charge of a plan to kill Hitler (nicknamed ’chim- panski’). The conspirators used to meet every two weeks on wednesday. Heisenberg used to attend these meetings and was therefore informed about the plans to kill Hitler. This demonstrates without any doubt that Heisenberg was an antinazi. Erwin Rommel was also involved in this plot as commented later. Scene 9 - Meeting of the BVGA - Heisenberg’s house in Berlin - 19 july 1944 - Present: Heisenberg, Beck, Stauffenberg. Beck: Werner, what’s your talk about ? Heisenberg: The production of energy in the stars. Beck: And the tittle ? Heisenberg: What are the stars. Beck: In German, please. Heisenberg: Was sindt die Sterne. Beck: Say it again, please. Heisenberg: iter ws Steren. Beck: Again, please. Heisenberg: Hitler muss sterben (Hitler must die). 9 Beck: OK, now you can go ahead. (Heisenberg gives his talk) Beck: When do you leave for Haigerloch ? Heisenberg: Tomorrow morning, good luck. (Heisenberg leaves for the Swiss border with telegrams from Scherrer in his pocket. His family is waiting for him.) note: next day, On July the 20th 1944, Stauffenberg tried unsuccessfully to kill Hitler by placing a bomb in the meeting room of his headquarters in Eastern Prussia. On july the 17th, Rommel was severily injuried by a plane attack in the front of Normandy. Rommel was supposed to transfer to Berlin by air troops from Normandy to take control the city. Rommel was replaced by general von Kluge who tried unsuccessfully to negociate with Eisenhower.
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  • Operation Epsilon: Science, History, and Theatrical Narrative

    Operation Epsilon: Science, History, and Theatrical Narrative

    Operation Epsilon: Science, History, and Theatrical Narrative The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Brody, Alan. “Operation Epsilon: Science, History, and Theatrical Narrative.” Narrative 19.2 (2011): 253–257. As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nar.2011.0016 Publisher Muse - Johns Hopkins University Press Version Author's final manuscript Citable link http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77911 Terms of Use Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Detailed Terms http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ OPERATION EPSILON: SCIENCE, HISTORY AND THEATRICAL NARRATIVE ALAN BRODY In 1945, shortly after VE day, the Anglo-American forces rounded up ten renowned nuclear scientists and interned them at Farm Hall, an estate near Cambridge, England. All the rooms on the estate had been bugged. The conversations of the scientists were recorded on wax discs and translated. Information regarding the scientists’ research and anything else that might be of interest to the Anglo-American military was sent to Washington and London. The internship lasted from July to January. During that time, America dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and Otto Hahn was awarded the Nobel Prize for his discovery of fission. The men’s responses to those events are a part of the transcript. The entire operation had the code name Operation Epsilon. The full transcripts were declassified only in 1993. They were published in England under the title Operation Epsilon: The Farm Hall Transcripts and in the states as Hitler’s Uranium Club , superbly edited by Jeremy Bernstein.