Chapter 8: Moral Motivation and Expressivism

1. An overview of the debates about moral motivation: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral- motivation/. 2. Expressivist views are also called non-cognitivist theories. An overview of different theories in this family: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral-cognitivism/. 3. Treatise, Book II, chapter 2, section 3: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/4705/4705-h/4705- h.htm#link2H_4_0075. 4. Treatise, Book III, chapter 1, section 1: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/4705/4705-h/4705- h.htm#link2H_4_0085. 5. Sayre-McCord on how to read Hume: http://philosophy.unc.edu/files/2014/07/Hume-on- Practical-Morality-and-Inert-Reason.pdf. 6. Wikipedia on directions of fit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction_of_fit. 7. The life and works of Anscombe: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/anscombe/. 8. Information about tea in Sri Lanka: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_production_in_Sri_Lanka. 9. Michael Smith’s homepage: http://www.princeton.edu/~msmith/. 10. Stir-fry ingredients: http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/stir-fries. 11. Treatise, Book III, chapter 1, section 1: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/4705/4705-h/4705- h.htm#link2H_4_0085. 12. Treatise, Book III, chapter 1, section 1: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/4705/4705-h/4705- h.htm#link2H_4_0085. 13. Gunnar Björnsson’s PhD thesis on this topic: http://www.phil.gu.se/gunnar/morint.pdf. See the introduction for an explanation and history of this thesis. 14. Charles Stevenson’s “The Emotive Meaning of Ethical Terms”: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2250027. 15. Explanation of hypocrisy: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocrisy. 16. An overview of the notion of weakness of will: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/weakness-will/. 17. An article on people like this: http://www.guardian.co.uk/theobserver/2010/mar/07/polly- vernon-infidelity-betrayal-help-relationships. 18. Chapter 11 of Hare’s The Language of Morals: http://www.ditext.com/hare/lm11.html. 19. Explanation of anemia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemia. 20. Svavarsdóttir’s homepage: https://philosophy.osu.edu/people/svavarsd%C3%B3ttirand her “Moral Cognitivism and Motivation”: http://makowski.wdfiles.com/local--files/wprowadzenie- do-analizy-metaetycznej/svavarsottir.pdf. 21. The Homer quote: http://weknowmemes.com/2012/08/just-because-i-dont-care-doesnt-mean- i/. 22. Studies on how many of us believe in amoralists: http://dingo.sbs.arizona.edu/~snichols/Papers/PsychopathsFinal.pdf. 23. The relevant section from Hare’s The Language of Morals: http://www.ditext.com/hare/lm11.html. 24. Information on Augustine of Hippo: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo. 25. Björnsson’s “How Emotivism Survives Immoralists, Irrationality, and Depres- sion”: http://people.su.se/~gbjorn/327-344Bjornsson.pdf. 26. Al Mele’s homepage: http://myweb.fsu.edu/amele/almele.html. 27. Christman’s overview: http://www.philosophy.ed.ac.uk/people/full- academic/documents/Chrisman%20-%20Ethical%20Expressivism%20for%20Continuum%20- %20penultimate.pdf. 28. An explanation of how expressivists can use the Open Question Argument to their advantage: http://www-personal.umich.edu/~sdarwall/Fin%20de%20siecle.pdf. 29. Some Justin Bieber: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ys7-6_t7OEQ. 30. The definition of a belieber: http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Belieber. 31. Explanation of the term: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ejaculation_(grammar) and Chapter 6 of Ayer’s Language, Truth and Logic: http://www.colorado.edu/philosophy/heathwood/pdf/ayer.pdf. 32. Overview of philosophy of causation: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/causation-metaphysics/. 33. Schroeder’s article “Expression for Expressivists”: http://www- bcf.usc.edu/~maschroe/research/Schroeder_Expression.pdf. 34. Stevenson’s classic disagreement in attitude view: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2250027. 35. Fascinating information about disgust: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disgust. 36. Overview of projectivism: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral-anti-realism/projectivism- quasi-realism.html. 37. Mark Schroeder’s article “What Is the Frege-Geach Problem?”: http://www- bcf.usc.edu/~maschroe/research/Schroeder_Frege-Geach_Problem.pdf and overview of the embedding problem: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral-cognitivism/#EmbPro. 38. Geach’s classic article “Ascriptivism”: http://www.hist-analytic.com/Geach2.htm. 39. Schroeder’s “What is the Frege–Geach Problem?”: http://www- bcf.usc.edu/~maschroe/research/Schroeder_Frege-Geach_Problem.pdf. 40. Schroeder’s “What is the Frege–Geach Problem?”: http://www- bcf.usc.edu/~maschroe/research/Schroeder_Frege-Geach_Problem.pdf