Interview with Ted Sorensen, President Kennedy's Speechwriter by Sherry and Jenny Thompson, February 2010
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John F. Kennedy and the New Frontier
DEMOCRATIC AND POPULAR REPUBLIC OF ALGERIA Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University of Tlemcen Faculty of Letters, Arts and Foreign Languages Department of English Section of English John F. Kennedy And The New Frontier An Extended Essay Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the “Master” Degree in Anglo-Saxon Literature and Civilisation Presented by Supervised by Sabrina BOUKHALFA Dr Yahia ZEGHOUDI Board of Examiners Mr. BENSAFA Abdelkader (President) (University of Tlemcen) Dr. ZEGHOUDI yahia (Supervisor) (University of Tlemcen) Mr. KHELADI Mohammed (Internal Examiner) (University of Tlemcen) 2014/2015 Dedication I would like to dedicate this Extended Essay to my beloved parents, my sisters: Yousra and Yasmine, my little brother Mohamed Abd El-Karim. Acknowledgements Above all, I thank Allah, the almighty for having given me the strength and patience to undertake and complete this work. I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr ZEGHOUDI yahia, for his help, precious advice and patience. I wish to express my respect and gratitude to the honourable members of the jury: Mr. KHELADI Mohammed and Mr. BENSAFA Abdelkader for devoting some of their time and having accepted reading and commenting on this Extended Essay. I would like to express my deepest and great appreciation to all the teachers of the Department of English I would also like to express my appreciation to all my Class mates, namely Miss. BOUSALEH Sawsen for her help and emotional support. Abstract In essence, the present dissertation seeks to highlight President Kennedy’s political career with a particular focus on his domestic and foreign policies. -
Kennedy and the Other Missiles of 1962
Kennedy and the Other Missiles of 1962 Clarence Lam When the phrase ‘nuclear missiles’ is mentioned in connection with either President John F. Kennedy or the year 1962, the Cuban Missile Crisis usually comes to mind. Kennedy is remembered for a composed and tactful approach to defusing the conflict, prompting Khrushchev to remove the Soviet nuclear missiles from Cuba. Less well known are the United States’ Jupiter nuclear missiles that were in Turkey at the time of the crisis, much less their role in precipitating it. Despite their brief existence and tactical inferiority to other weapon systems such as the Polaris nuclear submarines, the Jupiters presented both major diplomatic problems and solutions for Kennedy. On the one hand, removal of these Jupiter missiles from Turkey was secretly part of the compromise that resolved the most tense and celebrated war of nerves between the United States and the Soviet Union. Even though the Jupiters had little military value and were limited in their ability to deter Soviet attacks, in the end they carried significant diplomatic value as bargaining chips for Kennedy. However, they were also sticky, problematic weapons that were obsolete even when deployed. The Kennedy administration was never impressed by the Jupiter missiles, yet it followed through with Eisenhower’s commitment to Turkey in 1959 and installed these nuclear weapons. Furthermore, the Jupiters were never removed from Turkey until after the Cuban Missile Crisis. If the missiles were inefficient, vulnerable, and provocative, rendering them practically useless, why were they still in Turkey in October 1962? Historians generally concur that Kennedy wanted to remove the missiles, but they disagree on one important question: did Kennedy order or suggest the removal of the missiles before the Cuban Missile Crisis? Roger Hilsman states that Kennedy had ordered the removal of the missiles from Turkey several times prior to the crisis. -
Feature Multiple Means to an End: a Reexamination of President Kennedy’S Decision to Go to the Moon by Stephen J
Feature Multiple Means to an End: A Reexamination of President Kennedy’s Decision to Go to the Moon By Stephen J. Garber On May 25, 1961, in his famously special “Urgent National Needs” speech to a joint session of Congress, President John E Kennedy made a dramatic call to send Americans to the Moon “before this decade is out.”’ After this resulted in the highly successful and publicized ApoZZo Program that indeed safely flew humans to the Moon from 1969-1972, historians and space aficio- nados have looked back at Kennedy’s decision in varying ways. Since 1970,2 most social scientists have believed that Kennedy made a single, rational, pragmatic choice to com- CHAT WITH THE AUTHOR pete with the Soviet Union in the arena of space exploration Please join us in a “chat session” with the au- as a way to achieve world prestige during the height of the thor of this article, Stephen J. Garber. In this “chat session,” you may ask Mr. Garber or the Quest Cold War. As such, the drama of space exploration served staff questions about this article, or other ques- simply as a means to an end, not as an goal for its own sake. tions about research and writing the history of Contrary to this approach, some space enthusiasts have spaceflight. The “chat” will be held on Thursday, argued in hindsight that Kennedy pushed the U.S. to explore December 9,7:00CDT. We particularly welcome boldly into space because he was a visionary who saw space Quest subscribers, but anyone may participate. -
Index to the US Department of State Documents Collection, 2010
Description of document: Index to the US Department of State Documents Collection, 2010 Requested date: 13-May-2010 Released date: 03-December-2010 Posted date: 09-May-2011 Source of document: Freedom of Information Act Officer Office of Information Programs and Services A/GIS/IPS/RL US Department of State Washington, D. C. 20522-8100 Fax: 202-261-8579 Notes: This index lists documents the State Department has released under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) The number in the right-most column on the released pages indicates the number of microfiche sheets available for each topic/request The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website. -
Cuban Missile Crisis: Applying Strategic Culture to Gametheory
Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Plan B and other Reports Graduate Studies 5-2013 Cuban Missile Crisis: Applying Strategic Culture to Gametheory Chelsea E. Carattini Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/gradreports Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Carattini, Chelsea E., "Cuban Missile Crisis: Applying Strategic Culture to Gametheory" (2013). All Graduate Plan B and other Reports. 236. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/gradreports/236 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Plan B and other Reports by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Introduction Game theory applied to political situations offers a unique approach to analyzing and understanding international relations. Yet the rigid structure that lends itself so well to mathematics is not practical in the real world . It lacks a built in mechanism for determining a player's preferences, which is a key part of an international "game" or situation. Strategic culture, another international relations theory, is quite the opposite. Critics claim it suffers from a lack of structure, but it captures the spirit of international actors and what makes them tick. This paper explores the idea of pairing the two otherwise unrelated theories to bolster both in the areas where they are lacking in order to provide a more complete understanding of international states' behavior and motivations. Brief Summary of Major Theories The theories presented in the following pages are drawn from distinct schools of thought; consequently it is necessary to provide some background information. -
US-Soviet Summit November-December 1987
Ronald Reagan Presidential Library Digital Library Collections This is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections. Collection: Ermarth, Fritz W.: Files Folder Title: US-Soviet Summit November 1987 - December 1987 (5) Box: RAC Box 1 To see more digitized collections visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digital-library To see all Ronald Reagan Presidential Library inventories visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/document-collection Contact a reference archivist at: [email protected] Citation Guidelines: https://reaganlibrary.gov/citing National Archives Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/ WITHDRAWAL SHEET Ronald Reagan Library Collection Name ERMATH, FRITZ: FILES Withdrawer MID 4/19/2013 File Folder US - SOVIET SUMMIT: NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 1987 (5) FOIA F02-073/5 Box Number RAC BOX 1 COLLINS 85 ID Doc Type Document Description No of Doc Date Restrictions Pages 157588 MEMO ROBERT RISCASSI TO GRANT GREEN 2 11/20/1987 Bl RE SUMMIT 157589 MEMO FRANK CARLUCCI TO THE PRESIDENT 5 11/20/1987 B 1 RE SCOPE PAPER 157590 SCOPE PAPER RE KEY ISSUES FOR THE SUMMIT 7 ND Bl 157591 MEMO FRITZ ERMARTH TO FRANK CARLUCCI 1 11/19/1987 Bl RE SCOPE PAPER 157592 MEMO WILLIAM MATZ TO GRANT GREEN RE 3 11/23/1987 B 1 SUMMIT (W/ATTACHMENTS) The above documents were not referred for declassification review at time of processing Freedom of Information Act• (5 U.S.C. 552(b)J B-1 Natlonal aecurlty claaalfled Information [(b)(1) of the FOIAJ B-2 Releaae would dlacloae Internal personnel rulea and practices of an agency [(b)(2) of the FOIAJ B-3 Releaae would -
John F. Kennedy's Back: Chronic Pain, Failed Surgeries, and the Story of Its
HISTORICAL VIGNETTE J Neurosurg Spine 27:247–255, 2017 John F. Kennedy’s back: chronic pain, failed surgeries, and the story of its effects on his life and death T. Glenn Pait, MD, and Justin T. Dowdy, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, Jackson T. Stephens Spine and Neurosciences Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas The 35th president of the United States, John F. Kennedy (JFK), experienced chronic back pain beginning in his early 20s. He underwent a total of 4 back operations, including a discectomy, an instrumentation and fusion, and 2 relatively minor surgeries that failed to significantly improve his pain. The authors examined the nature and etiology of JFK’s back pain and performed a detailed investigation into the former president’s numerous medical evaluations and treatment modalities. This information may lead to a better understanding of the profound effects that JFK’s chronic back pain and its treatment had on his life and presidency, and even his death. https://thejns.org/doi/abs/10.3171/2017.2.SPINE151524 KEY WORDS JFK; John F. Kennedy; failed back surgery; Wilson plate; history; President Kennedy assassination OHN Fitzgerald Kennedy (JFK), the 35th president of tory school.1,14,21,24,57 In fact, Robert F. Kennedy would later the United States and the youngest candidate elected recall that “when we were growing up together we used to to the Oval Office, was portrayed as a dynamic man laugh about the great risk a mosquito took in biting Jack Jfull of vigor and youthful energy.61 -
1961–1963 First Supplement
THE JOHN F. KENNEDY NATIONAL SECURITY FILES USSRUSSR ANDAND EASTERNEASTERN EUROPE:EUROPE: NATIONAL SECURITY FILES, 1961–1963 FIRST SUPPLEMENT A UPA Collection from National Security Files General Editor George C. Herring The John F. Kennedy National Security Files, 1961–1963 USSR and Eastern Europe First Supplement Microfilmed from the Holdings of The John F. Kennedy Library, Boston, Massachusetts Project Coordinator Robert E. Lester Guide compiled by Nicholas P. Cunningham A UPA Collection from 7500 Old Georgetown Road • Bethesda, MD 20814-6126 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The John F. Kennedy national security files, 1961–1963. USSR and Eastern Europe. First supplement [microform] / project coordinator, Robert E. Lester. microfilm reels ; 35 mm. — (National security files) “Microfilmed from the holdings of the John F. Kennedy Library, Boston, Massachusetts.” Accompanied by a printed guide compiled by Nicholas P. Cunningham. ISBN 1-55655-876-7 1. United States—Foreign relations—Soviet Union—Sources. 2. Soviet Union—Foreign relations—United States—Sources. 3. United States—Foreign relations—1961–1963— Sources. 4. National security—United States—History—Sources. 5. Soviet Union— Foreign relations—1953–1975—Sources. 6. Europe, Eastern—Foreign relations—1945– 1989. I. Lester, Robert. II. Cunningham, Nicholas P. III. University Publications of America (Firm) IV. Title. V. Series. E183.8.S65 327.73047'0'09'046—dc22 2005044440 CIP Copyright © 2006 LexisNexis, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ISBN 1-55655-876-7. -
Force and Accommodation in World Politics/By Stanley E
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Spangler, Stanley E. Force and accommodation in world politics/by Stanley E. Spangler . p. cm. "June 1991." Includes bibliographical references and index. l. United States-Foreign relations-Soviet Union. 2. Soviet Union-Foreign relations--United States. 3. United States-Foreign relations-1945- . 4. Soviet Union-Foreign relations-1945- . 5. Pacific settlement of international disputes. I. Title. E183.8 .S65S627 1991 327 .73047--dc 20 91-17932 CIP DISCLAIMER This publication was produced in the Department of Defense school environment in the interest of academic freedom and the advancement of national defense-related concepts . The views expressed in this publication are those ofthe author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department ofDefense or the United States government. This publication has been reviewed by security and policy review authorities and is cleared forpublic release. For Sale by the Superintendent of Documents US Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20402 ii To My Mother andFather John Haroldand WinifredSpangler THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Contents Chapter Page DISCLAIMER . ii FOREWORD . vii ABOUT THE AUTHOR . ix PREFACE . xi INTRODUCTION . xiii Notes . xx Part 1 Factors Inhibiting Accommodative Diplomacy since World War II 1 Bargaining with Threats and Incentives: The Nature of Positive Diplomacy . 3 2 Kerman, Containment, and Carrots . 23 3 Historical Analogies, the Containment Paradigm, and the Role of Inducements . 47 4 Other Impediments to Conciliation: Rhetoric, Politics, and Personality . 67 5 Global Change and Superpower Cooperation . 101 v Chapter Page Part 2 Case Studies 6 Quemoy Crisis of 1958 . 143 7 Berlin Crisis of 1958--59 . -
The Press Office: a Presidential News Conference Simulation
The Press Office: A Presidential News Conference Simulation Topic: President Kennedy’s Press Conferences Grade Level: 9-12 Subject Area: US History after World War II Time Required: 1-2 hours Goals/Rationale President Kennedy was the first US president to hold live televised press conferences. During his years in office he held, on average, one every sixteen days. In this lesson, students act as members of President Kennedy’s Press Office with an assignment to prepare a briefing for the president on topics that may come up in a specific press conference. To fulfill this assignment, students explore the Kennedy Library website, using both primary and secondary sources. As a culminating activity, students participate in a simulated press conference either virtually or in class. Essential Question: How might a president address the public about important issues? Objectives Students will: • discuss major events that occurred during President Kennedy’s administration. • discuss the role of the presidential press secretary and press conferences. • conduct web-based research. • analyze primary source documents and web-based materials. • create press briefing materials for selected press conference dates. • write appropriate and accurate press conference questions and answers. • present orally their questions and answers for the press conference. Connections to Curriculum (Standards): National History Standards US History: Postwar United States (1945 to early 1970s), Era 9: 2A, 2B, 2C, 3B, 4A. World History: The 20th Century Since 1945: Promises and Paradoxes, Era 9: 1B. Massachusetts History and Social Science Framework USII.T3 (12); USII.T4 (4)(5)(6); USII.T5 (1); WHII.T5 (3); SCLA (1)(4) Prior Knowledge and Skills Students should have a working knowledge of US history prior to 1961. -
The Cuban Missile Crisis Revisited and Reinterpreted Mark White
Fifty Years On: The Cuban Missile Crisis Revisited and Reinterpreted Mark White Lecture Series Paper No. 9 i Fifty Years On: The Cuban Missile Crisis Revisited and Reinterpreted Mark White Institute for the Study of the Americas School of Advanced Study, University of London Senate House, Malet Street London WC1E 7HU Copyright © 2012 Institute for the Study of the Americas All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publishers. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A British Library CIP record is available. ISBN 978-1-908857-04-0 ISSN 1750-3884 The Institute for the Study of the Americas publishes in its Lecture Series selected seminar and conference papers and public lectures delivered at the Institute by scholars associated with the work of the Institute. The Harry Allen Memorial Lecture commemorates a pioneer in the field of American Studies in Britain, who was the first director of the Institute of United States Studies. Previous scholars who have delivered this public lecture include Richard Carwardine, Peter Parish, Richard Crockatt and Steven Lawson. Professor John Dumbrell of Durham University served as outside reader for Mark White’s essay, which is based on the Harry Allen Memorial Lecture he delivered at the Institute for the Study of the Americas on 10 May 2012. About the author Mark White is Professor of History at Queen Mary, University of London. He is the author of seven books, including The Cuban Missile Crisis (1996), Against the President: Dissent and Decision-Making in the White House (2007) and (ed.) The Presidency of Bill Clinton: The Legacy of a New Domestic and Foreign Policy (2012). -
Kennedy and the New Frontier
Kennedy, the New Frontier and the Cold War Foreign Policy 1961-1963 John F. Kennedy Kennedy as a Cold Warrior 1.) Controversial views of his father – Joseph P. Kennedy 2.) War hero – elected to Congress 1946 – visited Vietnam in 1951 3.) Senate in 1952 – critic of Truman Administration 4.) Sickness allowed him to avoid a stand on McCarthy 5.) Praised Diem and South Vietnam – member of “American Friends of Vietnam” – called Vietnam “the cornerstone of the Free World in Southeast Asia” 6.) Criticism of French on Algeria Khrushchev and “Wars of National Liberation” Inaugural address YouTube - JFK Inaugural Address 1 of 2 A response to Khrushchev and a picking up of the Cold War challenge But at the same time a desire to negotiate “So let us begin anew -- remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. “ Best and the Brightest Early Kennedy Policies • 1.) Increase in military spending – more emphasis on conventional warfare and counter-insurgency – creation of the Green Berets • 2.) More attention to the “Third World” – Alliance for progress, the Peace Corps, the Agency for International Development Kennedy – Press conference March 1961 • THE PRESIDENT: I want to make a brief statement about Laos. • It is, I think, important for all Americans to understand this difficult and potentially dangerous problem. In my last conversation with General Eisenhower, the day before the Inauguration, on January 19, we spent more time on this hard matter than on any other thing; and since then it has been steadily before the Administration as the most immediate of the problems that we found upon taking office.