DOCSLIB.ORG

A Comparative Morphological Study on Amaranthus Spinosus L., Celosia Argentea L

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Comparative Morphological Study on Amaranthus Spinosus L., Celosia Argentea L Universal Journal of Plant Science 8(1): 1-10, 2020 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/ujps.2020.080101 A Comparative Morphological Study on Amaranthus spinosus L., Celosia argentea L. and Gomphrena celosioides Mart (AMARANTHACEAE) N. F. Okeke1,*, C. V. Ilodibia1, B. E. Okoli2 1Department of Botany, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria 2Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria Received October 12, 2019; Revised December 16, 2019; Accepted December 25, 2019 Copyright©2020 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Abstract A comparative morphological study on and two bractlets that commonly are scarious or Amaranthus spinosus, Celosia argentea and Gomphrena membranous. The leaves of some members of this family celosioides was evaluated and compared to determine their are used as vegetable; examples are Amaranthus hybridus, taxonomic morphological characters that delimit them as Amaranthus spinosus and Celosia argentea. Some are members of the family Amaranthaceae. This was done by raised as cereals in tropical Asia e.g A. cruentus, A. use of hand lens and visual observations of the plants parts. frumentacea and A. caudatus. Some are grown as Results showed similarities in their possession of simple ornamentals e.g. Alternanthera, Gomphrena, Aerva and leaves, small flowers, inflorescence as spike, being Celosia (cock’s comb). Achyranthus aspera plants are used herbaceous with woody base, having pentamerous as an antidote for poison of snakes and scorpions [1]. Plants perianths and stamens, exstipulate and presence of pinkish from the Amaranthaceae are used in folk medicine for their pigment in any of the plant parts, while they differed in the nutritional qualities and for the treatment of various possession of spines by Amaranthus spinosus and disorders such as gastrointestinal and respiratory problems, trichomes by Gomphrena celosioides. Information from skin infections as well as some infectious diseases and as this study is valuable for taxonomic characterisation and an abortifacient [2]. Amaranthus spinosus L., Celosia identification of the plant species in the family argentea L. and Gomphrena celosioides Mart. which are Amaranthaceae. Their possession of pinkish pigment in among the species commonly found in south eastern any of the parts shows that they can be a source of vitamin Nigeria are the points of interest in this research. A since lycopene responsible for that pinkish character has Amaranthus spinosus Linn. the same structure as carotene. Amaranthus spinosus is an erect prickly annual herb up to 60cm high and reproducing from seeds. The stem is Keywords Amaranthaceae, Amaranthus spinosus, fleshy, round and hairless, greenish but sometimes reddish Celosia argentea, Gomphrena celosioides, Comparative, and always with rigid, sharp pointed spines about 10mm Morphology, Delimitation long. The leaves are alternate, ovate to broadly-lanceolate, 6-8cm long and 2-4cm broad, tapering into slender petioles about 7cm long beneath which are the spines. The inflorescence consists of long terminal and short axillary 1. Introduction spikes. The flowers are small, greenish and occur in clusters with male flower at the top and the female flowers The family Amaranthaceae contains 65 genera and 900 below. The fruit is a one seeded capsule with shiny, species, mainly in the tropics and subtropics, often lens-shaped reddish –brown seeds [3]. The seed is used as a occurring as weeds or escapes from cultivation. In West poultice for broken bones [4]. The plant is astringent, Africa, it is represented by 14 genera and 37 species [1]. diaphoretic, diuretic, emollient, febrifuge and galactagogue The leaves are alternate or opposite, simple, exstipulate and [5]. It is used internally in the treatment of internal bleeding, generally entire. The flowers are bisexual, or unisexual, diarrhoea and excessive menstruation [4]. It is also used in typically very small and frequently prickly due to bristly the treatment of snake bites [4].Applied externally, it is perianth and bracts. Each flower is subtended by a bract used to treat ulcerated mouths, vaginal discharges, 2 A Comparative Morphological Study on Amaranthus spinosus L.,Celosia argentea L. and Gomphrena celosioides Mart (AMARANTHACEAE) nosebleeds and a range of skin problems including wounds, celosioides is prevalently used among the rural people of eczema, boils and burns [4].The root is diuretic, West Africa to treat a wide variety of ailments. It is used in emmenagogue, febrifuge and galactagogue.The juice of the ethno medical practice in Nigeria for treatment of various root is used in Nepal to treat fevers, urinary troubles, skin diseases, worm infections and infectious diseases [9]. diarrhoea and dysentery [5]. It is also used, often combined In South America, the plant is used as an abortifacient [10]. with the root juice of Dichrophela integra and Rubus A system of classification of biological organisms which ellipticus, to treat stomach disorders and, on its own, to best reflects the totality of their similarities and differences treat indigestion and vomiting that occur after eating is termed taxonomy, [1]. To classify plants, taxonomists unusual foods [5]. make use of morphology, phylogeny, physiology, Celosia argentea L. is a leafy vegetable crop. It is one of phytochemistry, anatomy, cytology, palynology as the most versatile herbaceous plants characterized with fast taxonomic lines of evidence to determine their similarities growth. It has erect stem with alternate leaves and few and differences in order to group them into various taxa branches. The inflorescence is found at the tip of stems. [11]. According to Radford [12], the morphological data of The larger pink appendages of the central open flower plants are easily observable and obtainable, and are “thus comprise the calyx. The pink rimmed, white crown-like used most frequently in taxonomic studies”. The evidence structure bearing anthers is the androecium. The pistil with from external morphology provides the “basic Language its green ovary and pink style can be seen in the center of for plant characterization, identification, classification and the flower. The bracts and bractlets, smaller than the relationships” [12]. Angiosperms are identified by flowers in this case, are best seen in association with the morphological characters. Natural groups are defined unopened flower. It is propagated by seed; the seedlings mainly with the help of floral characters [13]. The basic emerge 5-7 days after sowing and flowering 6-7 weeks similarity in the morphology of flowers, fruits and seeds after sowing [6]. Pollination is by wind and insects within different species, genera, families and orders especially bees and flies which visit the flowers regularly. provides a sound base in characterizing taxonomic groups. Seed maturity starts from the basal part of the inflorescence Morphology provides majority of the characters used in the and gradually moves up to the tip. Seeds get matured in construction of systems of taxonomy. Therefore, 10-16 weeks after sowing. The flowers and seed are morphology is closely related to taxonomy and would astringent, haemostatic, ophthalmic, parasiticide and continue to reign over it for many more years to come [13]. poultice [7]. They are used in the treatment of bloody stool, Determination of differences and similarities with regards haemorrhoid bleeding, uterine bleeding, leucorrhoea, to morphology of the three species based on the outcome of dysentery and diarrhoea [7]. As a parasiticide it is very the study were the objectives of this research. effective against Trichomonas, a 20% extract can cause the Trichomonas to disappear in 15 minutes [7]. The seed is hypotensive and ophthalmic. It also has an antibacterial 2. Materials and Methods action, inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas [7]. It is used in the treatment of diarrhoea, bloodshot eyes, blurring of 2.1. Procurement and Identification of Plant Materials vision, cataracts and hypertension, but should not be used by people with glaucoma because it dilates the pupils. The The plant species: Amaranthus spinosus, Celosia seeds are widely used in India for the treatment of diabetes argentea and Gomphrena celosioides were collected mellitus [8]. The roots are used in the treatment of colic, between April-May 2016 within the premises of Nnamdi gonorrhoea and eczema [7]. It is used traditionally for the Azikiwe University Awka (6o 12N/, 7o 04E/) Anambra treatment of jaundice, gonorrhea, wounds and fever. The State. The samples were authenticated and given voucher leaves are used for the treatment of inflammations, fever number by a taxonomist in the Department of Botany, and itching [7]. Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Gomphrena celosioides is a hairy, decumbent annual or perennial about 20cm high with woody tap root and 2.2. Morphological Studies reproducing from seeds. The stem is slender, weak, contracted at the nodes, the upper portion beset with white Observations on vegetative characteristics were studied pilose hairs. The leaves are opposite, oblong or lanceolate, using samples collected from mature plant. For the leaves, 3-5cm long and 1.0-1.15cm broad, without petioles but the third and fourth fully opened leaves from the stem tip with white moderately stiff hairs on the leaf surface. The were used. A meter rule was used to measure the petiole inflorescence consists of shortly cylindrical spikes about length, leaf length and leaf base. The plant height and stem 2cm long and 1cm across, and they occur at stem tips. The girth was measured using a tape rule, while the leaf texture, flowers are yellow and inconspicuous and are subtended by leaf shape, leaf margin, stem colour, leaf arrangement, leaf white, ovate bracts that are somewhat toothed. The fruits type, and leaf venation were studied by keen observation are indehiscent and one-seeded and the seeds are flat [3]. G. (This is as outlined by [14]. Universal Journal of Plant Science 8(1): 1-10, 2020 3 3. Results near the mid rib when young but the red patches disappeared as it gets older (figs.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Amaranthus Spinosus
    Weed Risk Assessment: Amaranthus spinosus 1. Plant Details Taxonomy: Amaranthus spinosus L. Family Amaranthaceae (also placed in Chenopodiaceae) Common names: needle burr, spiny amaranth, spiny pigweed. Origins: Native to tropical America (Randall, 2002). Distribution: Cosmopolitan in warm temperate and tropical regions but increasingly found in temperate areas, especially between latitudes 30 0N and 30 0S (Waterhouse, 1994). Naturalised in Turkey, Australia. Description: An annual herb reproducing by seed only. Distinguished by flowers and pairs of spiny bracts that occur in the leaf axils. Mature plants are erect, branched and may grow to 1.2 m tall (see Figure 1). Stems are angled in cross section, reddish, fleshy and bear many spines. Leaves are alternate, ovate-rhombic to lanceolate sometimes with sparse hairs on the lower surface and most with a pair of long, straight spines at the base. Flower heads are either a long terminal spike or clumped at the leaf axils in the lower part of the plant. Male and female flowers are small, greenish and occur on the same plant. Fruit is ovoid and contains compressed, shiny, tiny, dark red to black seeds. (HEAR website). Biology and ecology: Habitat. A. spinosus appears in a range of climatic conditions but shows frost intolerance at some sites. It is not associated with particular soil types but grows best in well drained but moist situations. It is found on acid, basic and neutral soils. It prefers sunny sites and will not grow well in shaded situations. A. spinosus occurs on disturbed ground, along roadsides, railway lines, neglected land, tip sites and poorly maintained grazing land.(see Figure 3).
    [Show full text]
  • World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Mitra Et Al
    World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Mitra et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical SJIF ImpactResearch Factor 8.074 Volume 8, Issue 6, 352-365. Review Article ISSN 2277– 7105 AMARANTHUS SPINOSUS LINN. – PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE Samayita Basu1, Tanaya Ghosh1, Prasenjit Mitra2 and Prasanta Kumar Mitra1* 1Department of Medical Biotechnology, Sikkim Manipal University, SMIMS, Sikkim, India. 2Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. ABSTRACT Article Received on 25 Feb. 2019, Amaranthus spinosus Linn. (Family Amaranthaceae) commonly Revised on 16 March 2019, known as ‘spiny amaranth’ or ‘pig weed’, is a plant known for its Accepted on 06 April 2019 DOI: 10.20959/wjpr20196-14810 medicinal properties since long. In past in the traditional system of medicine (Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Naturopathy, Folk medicine etc.) various parts of the plant were used for treatment of *Corresponding Author Dr. Prasanta Kumar different diseases. The tradition, however, is still continuing. In present Mitra day research phytochemical investigations were carried out which Department of Medical confirmed presence of bioactive molecules like linoleic acid, rutin, Biotechnology, Sikkim catechuic acid, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponin, Manipal University, betalain, b-sitosterol, carotenoids, stigmasterol, phenolic acids, SMIMS, Sikkim, India. steroids, amino acids, terpenoids etc. in different parts of the plant. Pharmacological studies were also conducted. Different parts of the plants showed analgesic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antitumor, spermatogenic, antifertility, anti- inflammatory, hepato-protective, spasmolytic, bronchodilator, antimalarial properties. In spite of all these studied there are many more work to be done in near future. Other phytochemicals present in the plant are to be isolated.
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomical, Proximate, Mineral and Vitamin Studies on Celosia Argentea (Linn.)
    British Biotechnology Journal 15(4): 1-7, 2016, Article no.BBJ.28300 ISSN: 2231–2927, NLM ID: 101616695 SCIENCEDOMAIN international www.sciencedomain.org Anatomical, Proximate, Mineral and Vitamin Studies on Celosia argentea (Linn.) C. V. Ilodibia1*, C. Chukwuka1, U. M. Chukwuma2, E. E. Akachukwu2, N. A. Igboabuchi2 and R. N. Adimonyemma2 1Department of Botany, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P. M. B 5025, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. 2Department of Biology, Nwafor Orizu College of Education Nsugbe, Anambra State, Nigeria. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration of all authors. Author CVI designed the study. Author CC carried out the experiment and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Authors CC and CVI managed the analyses of the study. Author CVI supervised the work. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/BBJ/2016/28300 Editor(s): (1) Sukesh Voruganti, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, USA. Reviewers: (1) Rita Andini, Teuku Umar University, Indonesia. (2) Yesufu Hassan Braimah, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/16069 Received 13th July 2016 Accepted 30th August 2016 Original Research Article Published 7th September 2016 ABSTRACT Anatomical, Proximate, Vitamin and Mineral studies were carried out on the various parts (root, stem, leaf and petiole) of Celosia argentea L. using standard techniques. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the statistical analysis. Anatomical result revealed similar features in their epidermis and cortex and differences in their vascular bundles arrangement. Proximate analysis revealed that protein and fat contents were highest in the leaf (13.11± 0.01%) and (10.61±0.00%) respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • The Probable Use of Genus Amaranthus As Feed Material for Monogastric Animals
    animals Review The Probable Use of Genus amaranthus as Feed Material for Monogastric Animals Tlou Grace Manyelo 1,2 , Nthabiseng Amenda Sebola 1 , Elsabe Janse van Rensburg 1 and Monnye Mabelebele 1,* 1 Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, South Africa; [email protected] (T.G.M.); [email protected] (N.A.S.); [email protected] (E.J.v.R.) 2 Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +27-11-471-3983 Received: 13 July 2020; Accepted: 5 August 2020; Published: 26 August 2020 Simple Summary: In monogastric production, feeds account for about 50–70% of the total costs. Protein ingredients are one of the most expensive inputs even though they are not included in large quantities as compared to cereals. Monogastric animal industries are faced with a major problem of limited protein sources, moreover, the competition for plant materials is expected to further increase feed prices. Therefore, to tackle this problem, interventions are required to find alternative and cost-effective protein sources. One identified crop that meets these requirements is amaranth. Studies have shown the potential and contribution that amaranth has as an alternative ingredient in diets for monogastric animals. Therefore, the main purpose of this review is to provide a detailed understanding of the potential use of amaranth as feed for monogastric animals, and further indicate processing techniques are suitable to improve the utilization of grain amaranth and leaves.
    [Show full text]
  • Celosia Argentea Linn. and Its Phytochemical Activity
    wjpmr, 2020,6(5), 107-109 SJIF Impact Factor: 5.922 WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL Review Article Gajanan et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research AND MEDICAL RESEARCH ISSN 2455-3301 www.wjpmr.com WJPMR REVIEW: CELOSIA ARGENTEA LINN. AND ITS PHYTOCHEMICAL ACTIVITY 1*Dr. Vd. Gajanan Shankarrao Patil, 2Vd. Pankaj P. Surve and 3Dr. Aparna M. Ghotankar 1(PG Scholar) Department of Dravyaguna, CSMSS Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Kanchanwadi Aurangabad. 2(Reader P.G. Guide) Department of Dravyaguna, CSMSS Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Kanchanwadi Aurangabad. 3MD. PhD. HOD Department of Dravyaguna, CSMSS Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Kanchanwadi Aurangabad. *Corresponding Author: Dr. Vd. Gajanan Shankarrao Patil (PG Scholar) Department of Dravyaguna, CSMSS Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Kanchanwadi Aurangabad. Article Received on 29/02/2020 Article Revised on 19/03/2020 Article Accepted on 09/04/2020 ABSTRACT Since ancient time in India. Celosia argentea linn. Is widely used in traditional medicine, to cure several disorders such as fever, diarrhea, mouth sores, itching wound, jaundice, gonorrhea and inflammation. Literaterature survey from books and journal of traditional Indian medicine revealed that celosia argentia linn. has a lot of medicinal properties. Leaves, stem and root have been reported for medicinal activity, the plant has pharmacologically been studied for various cativities like anti-cancer ,hepatoprotection, anti-dibetes etc. However too many scientific studies have been carried out on this plant. For exploring these traditional uses. The present report is deals with traditional uses and pharmacological activity of celosia argentea linn. In the treatment of various diseases. KEYWORDS: Celosia argentea linn, traditional uses and pharmacological activity. INTRODUCTION bioactivities such as hepato-protection, anti- tumor anti - diabetic anti- oxidant etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Underutilization Versus Nutritional-Nutraceutical Potential of the Amaranthus Food Plant: a Mini-Review
    applied sciences Review Underutilization Versus Nutritional-Nutraceutical Potential of the Amaranthus Food Plant: A Mini-Review Olusanya N. Ruth 1,*, Kolanisi Unathi 1,2, Ngobese Nomali 3 and Mayashree Chinsamy 4 1 Disipline of Food Security, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Science University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; [email protected] 2 Department of Consumer Science, University of Zululand, 24 Main Road, KwaDlangezwa, Uthungulu 3886, South Africa 3 Department of Botany and Plant Biotectechnology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa; [email protected] 4 DST-NRF-Center, Indiginous Knowledge System, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville 3629, South Africa; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Amaranthus is a C4 plant tolerant to drought, and plant diseases and a suitable option for climate change. This plant could form part of every region’s cultural heritage and can be transferred to the next generation. Moreover, Amaranthus is a multipurpose plant that has been identified as a traditional edible vegetable endowed with nutritional value, besides its fodder, medicinal, nutraceutical, industrial, and ornamental potentials. In recent decade Amaranthus has received increased research interest. Despite its endowment, there is a dearth of awareness of its numerous potential benefits hence, it is being underutilized. Suitable cultivation systems, innovative Citation: Ruth, O.N.; Unathi, K.; processing, and value-adding techniques to promote its utilization are scarce. However, a food-based Nomali, N.; Chinsamy, M. approach has been suggested as a sustainable measure that tackles food-related problem, especially Underutilization Versus in harsh weather. Thus, in this review, a literature search for updated progress and potential Nutritional-Nutraceutical Potential of uses of Amaranthus from online databases of peer-reviewed articles and books was conducted.
    [Show full text]
  • ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS of the GUIANAS: an Historical Perspective of Selected Garden Plants from Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana
    f ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS OF THE GUIANAS: An Historical Perspective of Selected Garden Plants from Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana Vf•-L - - •• -> 3H. .. h’ - — - ' - - V ' " " - 1« 7-. .. -JZ = IS^ X : TST~ .isf *“**2-rt * * , ' . / * 1 f f r m f l r l. Robert A. DeFilipps D e p a r t m e n t o f B o t a n y Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. \ 1 9 9 2 ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS OF THE GUIANAS Table of Contents I. Map of the Guianas II. Introduction 1 III. Basic Bibliography 14 IV. Acknowledgements 17 V. Maps of Guyana, Surinam and French Guiana VI. Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas Gymnosperms 19 Dicotyledons 24 Monocotyledons 205 VII. Title Page, Maps and Plates Credits 319 VIII. Illustration Credits 321 IX. Common Names Index 345 X. Scientific Names Index 353 XI. Endpiece ORNAMENTAL GARDEN PLANTS OF THE GUIANAS Introduction I. Historical Setting of the Guianan Plant Heritage The Guianas are embedded high in the green shoulder of northern South America, an area once known as the "Wild Coast". They are the only non-Latin American countries in South America, and are situated just north of the Equator in a configuration with the Amazon River of Brazil to the south and the Orinoco River of Venezuela to the west. The three Guianas comprise, from west to east, the countries of Guyana (area: 83,000 square miles; capital: Georgetown), Surinam (area: 63, 037 square miles; capital: Paramaribo) and French Guiana (area: 34, 740 square miles; capital: Cayenne). Perhaps the earliest physical contact between Europeans and the present-day Guianas occurred in 1500 when the Spanish navigator Vincente Yanez Pinzon, after discovering the Amazon River, sailed northwest and entered the Oyapock River, which is now the eastern boundary of French Guiana.
    [Show full text]
  • Four South African Alien Invasive Plants with Pharmacological Potential
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325010602 Noxious to ecosystems, but relevant to pharmacology: Four South African alien invasive plants with pharmacological potential Article in South African Journal of Botany · July 2018 DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2018.04.015 CITATIONS READS 11 163 6 authors, including: Aitebiremen Gift Omokhua Balungile Madikizela University of KwaZulu-Natal University of Pretoria 19 PUBLICATIONS 153 CITATIONS 30 PUBLICATIONS 254 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Abimbola Aro Osariyekemwen Uyi University of Pretoria University of Benin 37 PUBLICATIONS 183 CITATIONS 36 PUBLICATIONS 277 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Biological actitivities of extracts and isolated compounds from Bauhinia galpinii (Fabacae) and Combretum vendae (Combretaceae) as potential antidiarrhoeal agents View project Design and synthesis of nitrogen-based molecular hybrids with potential antiproliferative properties View project All content following this page was uploaded by Aitebiremen Gift Omokhua on 09 May 2018. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. South African Journal of Botany 117 (2018) 41–49 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect South African Journal of Botany journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb Noxious to ecosystems, but relevant to pharmacology: Four South African alien invasive plants with pharmacological potential A.G. Omokhua a,b,B.Madikizelaa,A.Aroa,O.O.Uyic,d,J.VanStadenb,L.J.McGawa,⁎ a Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa b Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3201, South Africa c Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa d Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, P.
    [Show full text]
  • ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 7Th Edition
    ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names th 7 Edition ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. M. Schori Published by All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be The Internation Seed Testing Association (ISTA) reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted Zürichstr. 50, CH-8303 Bassersdorf, Switzerland in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior ©2020 International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) permission in writing from ISTA. ISBN 978-3-906549-77-4 ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 1st Edition 1966 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Prof P. A. Linehan 2nd Edition 1983 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. H. Pirson 3rd Edition 1988 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. W. A. Brandenburg 4th Edition 2001 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 5th Edition 2007 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 6th Edition 2013 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 7th Edition 2019 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. M. Schori 2 7th Edition ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names Content Preface .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Symbols and Abbreviations ..........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Invasive Alien Species in Protected Areas
    INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND PROTECTED AREAS A SCOPING REPORT Produced for the World Bank as a contribution to the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) March 2007 PART I SCOPING THE SCALE AND NATURE OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES THREATS TO PROTECTED AREAS, IMPEDIMENTS TO IAS MANAGEMENT AND MEANS TO ADDRESS THOSE IMPEDIMENTS. Produced by Maj De Poorter (Invasive Species Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of IUCN - The World Conservation Union) with additional material by Syama Pagad (Invasive Species Specialist Group of the Species Survival Commission of IUCN - The World Conservation Union) and Mohammed Irfan Ullah (Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bangalore, India, [email protected]) Disclaimer: the designation of geographical entities in this report does not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN, ISSG, GISP (or its Partners) or the World Bank, concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delineation of its frontiers or boundaries. 1 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...........................................................................................4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...........................................................................................6 GLOSSARY ..................................................................................................................9 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................12 1.1 Invasive alien
    [Show full text]
  • Phytochemical Molecules from the Decarboxylation of Gomphrenins in Violet Gomphrena Globosa L.—Floral Infusions from Functional Food
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Phytochemical Molecules from the Decarboxylation of Gomphrenins in Violet Gomphrena globosa L.—Floral Infusions from Functional Food Natalia Drobnicka 1, Katarzyna Sutor 1, Agnieszka Kumorkiewicz-Jamro 1, Aneta Spórna-Kucab 1, Michał Antonik 1, Ewa Dziedzic 2, Tomasz Swiergosz´ 1 , Joanna Ortyl 3,4 and Sławomir Wybraniec 1,* 1 Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland; [email protected] (N.D.); [email protected] (K.S.); [email protected] (A.K.-J.); [email protected] (A.S.-K.); [email protected] (M.A.); [email protected] (T.S.)´ 2 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, Hugo Kołł ˛atajUniversity of Agriculture, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland; [email protected] 3 Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland; [email protected] or [email protected] 4 Photo HiTech Ltd., Bobrzy´nskiego14, 30-348 Cracow, Poland * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 5 November 2020; Accepted: 20 November 2020; Published: 22 November 2020 Abstract: Herein, the generation of decarboxylated derivatives of gomphrenin pigments exhibiting potential health-promoting properties and the kinetics of their extraction during tea brewing from the purple flowers of Gomphrena globosa L. in aqueous and aqueous citric acid solutions were investigated. Time-dependent concentration monitoring of natural gomphrenins and their tentative identification was carried out by LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS.
    [Show full text]
  • Alligator Weed (Alternanthera Philoxeroides) Is a Perennial Aquatic and Semi-Aquatic Plant Native to Tropical and Subtropical South America
    Pest plant risk assessment Alligator weed Alternanthera philoxeroides Steve Csurhes and Anna Markula Biosecurity Queensland Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation GPO Box 46, Brisbane 4001 April 2010 Note: information is still being collected for this species. Technical comments on this publication are welcome. PR10–4900 © The State of Queensland, Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation, 2010. Except as permitted by the Copyright Act 1968, no part of the work may in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or any other means be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or be broadcast or transmitted without the prior written permission of the Department of Employment, Economic Development and Innovation. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. The copyright owner shall not be liable for technical or other errors or omissions contained herein. The reader/user accepts all risks and responsibility for losses, damages, costs and other consequences resulting directly or indirectly from using this information. Enquiries about reproduction, including downloading or printing the web version, should be directed to [email protected] or telephone +61 7 3225 1398. Front cover: Leaves of Alternanthera philoxeroides Flower of Alternanthera philoxeroides Photo: Biosecurity Queensland Contents Summary 2 Introduction 3 Identity and taxonomy 3 Description 3 Reproduction and dispersal 6 Origin and distribution 7 Status in Australia and Queensland 7 Preferred habitat 9 History as a weed elsewhere 10 Uses 10 Pest potential in Queensland 11 Control 11 References 12 P e s t p l a n t r i s k a s s e s s m e n t : Alligator weed Alternanthera philoxeroides 1 Summary Alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) is a perennial aquatic and semi-aquatic plant native to tropical and subtropical South America.
    [Show full text]